SE201215C1

SE201215C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE201215C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1965-01-01

Description

Uppfinnare: C G Evans Prioritet begtird !ran den 30 december 1955 (USA) Foreliggande uppfinning avser ett forfarande och en anonining for framstallning av utan vridning elasticerade garner. Inventor: C G Evans Priority issued December 30, 1955 (USA). The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for making non-torsionally elastic yarns.

Det Or vat kant, att man genom att vid lampliga betingelser bringa ett termoplastiskt garn att passera under spanning i en linjar bana med en skarpvinklig del kan forlana det en i allmanhet permanent benagenhet att antaga slingkonfiguration. I praktiken astadkommes den vinkelformiga delen av garnbanan genom att garnet bringas att passera omkring en rak kant, t. ex. eggen hos ett vanligt rakblad. Forfaranden for elasticering med an- vilnilning av en rak kant beskrivas i den australiska patentskriften 206 681. Sadana fOrfaranden aro sarskilt lampliga fOr enkeltradiga garner, da de kunna giva elasticerade garner, vilka aro i huvudsak fria fran spanning-at med undantag av lokala vridningsspanningar, och sadant garn kan anvandas direkt utan sammansattning med andra for stickning av strumpor och liknande. The disadvantage is that by passing a thermoplastic yarn under suitable conditions under tension in a linear path with a sharp-angled part, it can give it a generally permanent tendency to assume a loop configuration. In practice, the angular part of the yarn web is provided by causing the yarn to pass around a straight edge, e.g. the edge of an ordinary razor blade. Procedures for elasticizing by straightening a straight edge are described in Australian Patent Specification 206 681. Such methods are particularly suitable for single-strand yarns, as they can give elasticized yarns which are substantially free of tension with the exception of local torsional stresses. and such yarn can be used directly without composition with others for knitting socks and the like.

Under det att den mekanism, som inbegripes i de kantelasticerande forfarandena, icke Or fullt klarlagd, Or det kant, att passage av ett enkeltradigt garn Over en rak kant resulterar i att differentiella, tvargaende spanning-at uppkomma i garnet och det Or genom slappning av dessa spanningar som det elasticerade garnet erhaller sin benagenhet att antaga slingkonfiguration och sin elastiska natur. Passage av ett enkeltradigt gam omkring en rak kant resulterar aven i en deformering av tradens tvarsektion med tillplattning av dess ena sida och i nagra fall sker denna tillplattning i sadan utstrackning, att traden blir halvmanformig i tvarsektion. Man har tidigare trott att denna deformering av garnets tvar sektion beror pa forarandet och Or nodvandig for uppnaende av en hog grad av elasticering. While the mechanism involved in the edge elasticizing procedures is not fully understood, the edge that the passage of a single-stranded yarn over a straight edge results in differential, transverse stresses arising in the yarn and these tensions as the elasticized yarn acquires its tendency to assume loop configuration and its elastic nature. Passage of a single-row yarn around a straight edge also results in a deformation of the cross-section of the thread with flattening of one side of it, and in some cases this flattening takes place to such an extent that the thread becomes half-man-shaped in cross-section. It has previously been thought that this deformation of the two sections of the yarn is due to the conductivity and is necessary to achieve a high degree of elasticity.

Det har nu visat sig, att deformering av tvarsektionen hos ett enkeltradigt garn vid ett kantelasticeringsforfarande kan i huvudsak undvikas, att deformering av tvarsektionen icke Or nodvandig for att ett enkeltradigt garn skall forlOnas utmarkt elasticitet och att kantelasticerat, enkeltradigt garn med i huvudsak cylindrisk tvarsektion uppvisar flera ovantade fordelar. Enligt uppfinningen bringas enkeltradigt garn att under spanning passera i en linjar bana med en skarpvinklig del och garnets vag Or atminstone delvis avgransad under passagen genom den vinkelformiga delen, sa att garnet tvingas bibehalla en i huvudsak cylindrisk tvarsektion. Anordningen for styrning av garnet under dess passage genom den vinkelformiga delen av garnbanan utgOres foretradesvis av ett organ med en oppning, i vilken garnet toper och -vilkens ena sidoyta bildar kontakt med garnet och Or bojd i ett flertal plan och belagen i spetsen for den vinkel, garnbanan bildar. KrOlmingen hos ytan i kontakt med garnet Or i ett plan sadan, all garnet tvingas bibehalla en i stort sett cirkular tvarsektion, under det att kontaktytans krOkning i plan, som Oro vinkelrata mot det namnda planet, Or sadan, att garnet strackes i tillracklig grad for astadkommande av den avsedda elasticeringen. It has now been found that deformation of the cross-section of a single-stranded yarn in an edge-elasticizing process can essentially be avoided, that deformation of the cross-section is not necessary for a single-stranded yarn to be given excellent elasticity and that edge-elasticized single-stranded yarns have a substantially cylindrical cross-section. several above benefits. According to the invention, single-stranded yarn is caused to pass under tension in a linear path with a sharp-angled part and the yarn of the yarn is at least partially delimited during the passage through the angular part, so that the yarn is forced to maintain a substantially cylindrical cross-section. The device for guiding the yarn during its passage through the angular part of the yarn web is preferably constituted by a member with an opening, in which the yarn tops and - one side surface of which forms contact with the yarn and is bent in a plurality of planes and coated at the tip of that angle. , the yarn web forms. The curvature of the surface in contact with the yarn Or in a plane such that all the yarn is forced to maintain a substantially circular transverse section, while the curvature of the contact surface in planes, such as Oro perpendicular to the said plane, Or so that the yarn is stretched sufficiently for achieving the intended elasticization.

Garn, som framstallts enligt uppfinningen, har flera fordelar, vilka resultera i en mer likformig vavnad med battre utseende. I forsta hand kunna de nya garnerna bringas att pas-sera genom en tradforare eller liknande utan att flagon snoddanhopning uppstar. Nar pa tidigare kant salt kantelasticerade, enkeltradiga 2201 2 garner bringas att passera genom en tradfarare eller liknande, hindrar den flata sidan hos traden denna fran att vrida sig fritt inuti tradforaren, varfor det blir en ansamling av snodd pa ingangssidan till tradforaren, tills tillracklig vridning framkallats for att en stor del av eller hela snodden skall passera och detta resulterar i en ojamn fordelning av snodden vid utgangssidan av tradforaren. Detta är vanligen en allvarlig olagenhet och nar enligt tidigare kanda forfaranden kantelasticerade, enkeltradiga garner exempelvis anvandas vid stickning av damstrumpor, resulterar den ojamna snoddfordelningen i tydligt synliga band pa olika avstand fran varandra utmed strumpans langd. Med de nya garnerna enligt uppfinningen, vilka ha i stort sett rund tvarsektion, sker icke flagon ansamling av snodd, dà garnet bringas att passera genom en tradforare eller liknande, och snoddfordelningen i garnet forblir i huvudsak likformig. En annan olagenhet hos pa tidigare kant satt kantelasticerat, enkeltradigt garn är, att vavnader ddrav ofta uppvisa en icke onskvard glans atminstone Mom vissa omraden. Det liar visat sig, att denna icke onskvarda glans harror fran den forvridning garnets tvarsektion utsattes for och ju mer garnets tvarsektion deformeras vid passagen omkring bladkanten ju starkare är glansen. Satillvida som graden av deformering av tvarsektionen vid tidigare kanda forfaranden beror pa ett antal variabler, vilka icke kunna regleras exakt, liar det icke varit mOjligt att framstalla vavnader med likformig glans. De enkeltradiga garnerna enligt uppfinningen mcd sin i allmanhet cirkulara tvarsektion giva vavnader med mycket matt och likformigt utseende. Yarns made according to the invention have several advantages which result in a more uniform web with a better appearance. In the first place, the new yarns can be made to pass through a wire feeder or the like without flaking of twine arising. When on the previous edge salt edge-elasticized, single-row 2201 2 yarns are passed through a thread guide or the like, the flat side of the thread prevents it from turning freely inside the thread guide, so that there is an accumulation of twine on the entrance side of the thread guide, until sufficient rotation caused a large part or all of the cord to pass and this results in an uneven distribution of the cord at the exit side of the wire feeder. This is usually a serious drawback and when, according to prior art methods, edge-elastic, single-thread yarns are used, for example, in knitting women's socks, the uneven cord distribution results in clearly visible bands at different distances from each other along the length of the sock. With the new yarns according to the invention, which have a substantially round cross-section, there is no flake accumulation of twine, as the yarn is caused to pass through a wire feeder or the like, and the twine distribution in the yarn remains substantially uniform. Another disadvantage of edge-elastic, single-stranded yarn set on the former edge is that woven fabrics often exhibit an undesirable luster, at least in some areas. It has been found that this undesirable luster grazes from the distortion to which the cross section of the yarn is subjected and the more the cross section of the yarn is deformed at the passage around the leaf edge the stronger the luster. To the extent that the degree of deformation of the cross section in prior art processes depends on a number of variables which cannot be precisely controlled, it has not been possible to produce fabrics with uniform gloss. The single-row yarns according to the invention, with their generally circular cross-section, give fabrics with a very matt and uniform appearance.

For uppnaende av de ovannamnda fordelarna behover garnet icke ha fullkomligt cirkular tvarsektion utan endast en tvarsektion, som är i huvudsak cirkuIar. Med Di huvudsak cirkular avses, att icke mer an ungefar 15 % av den perif era ytan är tillplattad i sadan utstrackning, att den her en krokningsradie vasentligt Over garnets periferiytas medelkrokningsradie och att garnets minimidiameter är atminstone ungefar 80 % av dess maximidiameter. Om garnets tvdrsektionskonfiguration kontrolleras sâ att den aminstone uppfyller dessa granser, är garnet i huvudsak befriat fran olagenheterna hos pa tidigare kant sail kantelasticerade garner. In order to obtain the above-mentioned advantages, the yarn need not have a completely circular cross-section but only a cross-section which is substantially circular. By Di circular is meant that no more than about 15% of the peripheral surface is flattened to such an extent that it has a radius of curvature substantially above the average radius of curvature of the yarn peripheral surface and that the minimum diameter of the yarn is at least about 80% of its maximum diameter. If the cross-sectional configuration of the yarn is checked so that it at least meets these limits, the yarn is essentially freed from the imperfections of previously elastic sail yarns.

Uppfinningen skall beskrivas narmare under hanv isning till ritningen. Figur 1 ar en schematisk perspektivvy av en utforingsform av anordningen enligt uppfinningen for framstallning av garn. Figur 2 utgor en planvy forstoring av den del av bladorganet i anordningen enligt figur 1 som star i kontakt med garnet, sedd uppifran. Figur 3 visar kanten av den del av bladorganet, som star i kontakt med garnet, sedd i bladets plan vinkelratt mot kanten. Figur 4 visar en del av bladorganet i figur 2 i tvarsektion langs linjen 4 I!. Fig. 5 är en tvarsektion av en del av en modifierad typ av bladorgan, som at lamplig att anvanda i anordningen enligt figur 1. Figur 6 är en tvarsektion av nagra pa tidigare kant sail Over en kant elasticerade enkeltradar. Figur 7 är en tvarsektion av 'Agra enkeltradar som framstallts enligt uppfinningen. The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawing. Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the device according to the invention for producing yarn. Figure 2 is a plan view enlarging the part of the blade member in the device according to figure 1 which is in contact with the yarn, seen from above. Figure 3 shows the edge of the part of the blade member which is in contact with the yarn, seen in the plane of the blade perpendicular to the edge. Figure 4 shows a part of the blade member in Figure 2 in cross section along the line 4 I !. Fig. 5 is a cross-section of a part of a modified type of blade member, which is suitable for use in the device according to Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a cross-section of some single radar on an earlier edge sail over an edge. Figure 7 is a cross section of 'Agra single radar prepared according to the invention.

Fiur 1 askadliggor ett garnforrad 10. Ett gam 12 fores fran fOrradsspolen 10 genom en tra.dforare 14 omkring en spanningsreglerande anordning 16 och därtill till en bladanordning 18. Den spanningsreglerande anordningen 16 tjdnar de dubbla andamalen att avlagsna spanningsvariationer, vilka harrora fran garnets avledning frail forradsspolen 10, och att fora garnet till bladorganet 18 under lamplig spanning, under det att tradfOraren. 14 medgiver att garnet ken avlindas jamnt frail forradsspolen 10. Fran bladanordningen 18, som skall beskrivas narmare i det foljande, drages garnet genom en del av garnbanan vid 20 med en relativt stor krokningsradie ocn bringas sedan att passera genom en. tradforare 22 till ett par drivna valsar 24. Garnet far sedan passera genom en tradforare 25 till en vanlig upptagningsanordning 26, vilken liar bestar av en ring -och spindelanordning. A net supply 12 is fed from the supply spool 10 through a conveyor 14 around a voltage regulating device 16 and in addition to a blade device 18. The voltage regulating device 16 serves the dual purposes of releasing voltage variations which are different from the derivation of the yarn. the spool 10, and to feed the yarn to the blade member 18 under suitable tension, while the spool. 14 allows the yarn to be unwound evenly from the supply spool 10. From the blade assembly 18, which will be described in more detail below, the yarn is pulled through a portion of the yarn web at 20 with a relatively large radius of curvature and is then passed through a. wire 22 to a pair of driven rollers 24. The yarn is then passed through a wire 25 to a conventional pick-up device 26, which consists of a ring and spindle device.

Bladanordningen 18 askadliggOres pa figuren sasom bestaende av ett bagformigt uppvarmningsbleck 28, vilken har b8jts till en radie av ungefar 10 cm fOr att garnet skall passera Over en obetydligt bojd yta. Uppvarmningsblecket 28 är avsett att uppvarmas av en elektrisk strom, som passerar darigenom, och at medelst ett par elektriska ledningar 30 och 32 forbunden med en reglerbar transformator 34, vilken forses med kraft fran nagon lamplig kalla genom ledningar 36 och 38. Ett bladorgan 42, vilket hdr bestar av en i stort sett flat plat av metall eller liknande, am anordnad pa uppvarmningsblecket 28 med hjalp av en hallare 40. Den ena kanten 44 hos bladorganet stracker sig ett kort stycke forbi den bortre kanten hos uppvarmningsblecket 28 och är forsedd med ett hack eller en skara 46. Garnet 12 flares i kontakt med undersidan hos uppvarmningsblecket och genom skaran 46. bladorganets 42 kant sa att garnet tvingas lops i en vinkelformig bana med skarans 46 botten belagen vid vinkelns spets. Skaran 46 stracker sig in i bladorganet 42 ett stycke, som ãr atminstone ungefar lika med garnets radie, och är ungefar lika bred som garnets diameter. .Skarans bottenkant 48 är konkav, i stort sett halvmanformigt bojd I bladets plan, 201 23 ‘.,arvid medelkrtilmingsradien är ungefar lika med gamete radie, och är konvext b8jd i plan, som aro vinkelrata mot bladets plan. Sasom framgar av figur 3 är den konvexa krokningsradian hos den nedre gransytan i skaran 46 minst i mitten darav och gar mot ett oandligt varde vid de punkter, dar den bojda gransytan i skaran m5ter de i stort sett plana sidoytorna. Plattan 42 är p motsatta sidor aven forsedd med ett par i huvudsak konformiga spar 50 och 52, vilka i allmanhet dro anpassade efter garnets omkrets och utgora ledvagar till och fran bottnen i skaran 46. Sparen 50 och 52 resultera icke endast i att den nedre gransytan 48 i skaran 46 har lamplig minsta konvex krokningsradie utan utgOra dven ytterligare avgransade ytor, vilka tvinga garnet att bibehalla sin i stort sett cirkuldra tvarsektion. The blade device 18 is damaged in the figure as consisting of a bag-shaped heating plate 28, which has been bent to a radius of approximately 10 cm for the yarn to pass over an insignificantly curved surface. The heating plate 28 is intended to be heated by an electric current passing therethrough, and by means of a pair of electrical wires 30 and 32 connected to an adjustable transformer 34, which is supplied with power from any lamp cold through wires 36 and 38. A blade member 42, which hdr consists of a substantially flat plate of metal or the like, arranged on the heating plate 28 by means of a holder 40. One edge 44 of the blade member extends a short distance past the distal edge of the heating plate 28 and is provided with a notch or a notch 46. The yarn 12 flares in contact with the underside of the heating plate and through the notch 46. the edge of the blade member 42 so that the yarn is forced to loop in an angular path with the bottom of the notch 46 coated at the tip of the angle. The notch 46 extends into the blade member 42 a distance which is at least approximately equal to the radius of the yarn, and is approximately as wide as the diameter of the yarn. The bottom edge 48 of the shear is concave, generally semi-curved in the plane of the blade, 201 23 '., With the mean radius of curvature being approximately equal to the gamete radius, and is convexly curved in plane, which are perpendicular to the plane of the blade. As can be seen from Figure 3, the convex hooking radius of the lower spruce surface in the crowd 46 is at least in the middle thereof and faces an unspecified value at the points where the curved spruce surface in the crowd meets the substantially flat side surfaces. The plate 42 is also provided on opposite sides with a pair of substantially cone-shaped grooves 50 and 52, which generally draw adapted to the circumference of the yarn and form joint carriages to and from the bottom of the groove 46. The grooves 50 and 52 do not only result in the lower spruce surface 48 in the groove 46 has a suitable minimum convex crochet radius without forming even further delimited surfaces, which force the yarn to maintain its substantially circular cross-section.

Vid drift trades garnet 12 genom anordningen pa ovan beskrivet satt till valsar 24 och fran dessa till en upptagningsanordning 26. Den reglerbara transformatorn 34 installes sâ att den forser uppvarmningsblecket 28 med tillracklig mangd energi for att den skall kvarhallas vid den onskade temperaturen och upptagningsanordningen 26 och valsarna 24 igangsattas sedan. Anordningen fordrar darefter normalt icke nagon tillsyn forran en garnanda gar av eller en forradsspole är tom. In operation, the yarn 12 was threaded through the device as described above to rollers 24 and from there to a pick-up device 26. The adjustable transformer 34 is installed so as to provide the heating plate 28 with a sufficient amount of energy to be maintained at the desired temperature and the pick-up device 26 and the rollers 24 are then started. The device then normally does not require any supervision before a yarn spirit goes off or a supply spool is empty.

Figur 5 askadliggor en del av en plat 54, vilken har forsetts med en skara vid 56 fOr astadkommande av en bana for ett garn 58. Bladet 54 ar i stort sett lika bladet 42 i figur 1 med undantag av att det skall vain tillrackligt tunt for att bottnen 60 i skaran 56 skall fâ lamplig minimal konvex kriikningsradie utan behov av inledningsspar. Ett sadant blad, som askadliggores i figur 5, har den fordelen, att bottnen 60 i skaran 56 kan underga ett visst matt av slitning utan att krOkningsradien for den vinkelformiga bojda delen av garnbanan andras avsevart men har den olagenheten, att de hindrande ytor, vilka tvinga garnet att bibehdlla i huvudsak cirkular tvarsektion icke aro lika stora till ytan som i den tidigare beskrivna utforingsformen. Figure 5 is a portion of a plate 54 which has been continued with a crowd at 56 to provide a web for a yarn 58. The blade 54 is substantially similar to the blade 42 of Figure 1 except that it should be sufficiently thin for that the bottom 60 of the groove 56 should have a suitable minimum convex radius of curvature without the need for initial savings. Such a blade, which is ashed in Figure 5, has the advantage that the bottom 60 of the groove 56 can undergo a certain mat of wear without the curvature radius of the angularly curved part of the yarn web being considerably different but has the disadvantage that the obstructing surfaces which forcing the yarn to maintain a substantially circular cross-section is not as large to the surface as in the previously described embodiment.

Figur 6 askadliggor nagra pa tidigare kant satt kantelasticerade enkeltradar i tvarsektion. Denna bild erh8lls genom avritning av ett mikrofotografi av ituskurna enkeltradar av poly-amid med deniertalet 15, vilka elasticerats genom att vid forhojd temperatur dragas over en rak kant, och den askadliggjorda tvarsektionen formodas vara typisk for enligt tidigare forfaranden kantelasticerade garner. Det visar sig, att den ena sidan av tradarna i vane fall är i hog grad tillplattad, exempelvis vid 62 och 64, sa att nastan 30 % av garnets perifera yta snarare har konkav krokning an normal konvex krolming, och att de deformerade tradarnas minimidiameter idminstone i nagra fall L. mindre an 60 % av tradens maximidiameter. Figure 6 ash layers some on the previous edge put edge-elastic single radars in cross section. This image is obtained by drawing a photomicrograph of twisted polyaride single radars of denier number 15, which are elasticized by pulling over a straight edge at elevated temperature, and the ash-damaged cross-section is assumed to be typical of edge-elasticized yarns according to previous methods. It turns out that one side of the threads is usually highly flattened, for example at 62 and 64, so that almost 30% of the peripheral surface of the yarn has rather concave hooking than normal convex curling, and that the minimum diameter of the deformed threads is at least in some cases L. less than 60% of the maximum diameter of the trade.

Figur 7 askadliggor enligt uppfinningen kantelasticerat gam, och utgor liven en avritning av ett mikrofotografi av elasticerat, enkeltradigt garn med deniertalet 15. Tvarsektionen for garnet i figur 7 am i huvudsak cirkular och garnets periferi hr icke tillplattad i markbar grad och garnets minimidiameter hr i huvudsak lika med garnets maximidiameter. Figure 7 shows ash layers according to the invention edge-elasticized yarn, and the webs form a drawing of a photomicrograph of elasticized, single-stranded yarn with the denier number 15. The transverse section of the yarn in Figure 7 is substantially circular and the periphery of the yarn is not appreciably flattened and the minimum diameter equal to the maximum diameter of the yarn.

Det nya forfarandet och anordningen enligt uppfinningen kunna anvandas for elasticering av varje slag ay termoplastiskt, enkeltradigt garn, vilket kan elasticeras enligt vanliga kantelasticeringsforfaranden. Typiska exempel pa lampliga enkeltradar utgora exempelvis enkeltradigt polyamidgarn med deniertalet 7 av typen 6 eller 66 eller vane annan typ, enkeltradigt polyamidgarn med deniertalet 15 eller 20 och polyestertradar med deniertalet 15 eller 20, t. ex. de, som framstallts av en produkt, som erhalles genom reaktion mellan tereftalsyra och etylenglykol. Vid vissa betingelser kan uppfinningen liven anyandas for elasticering av akrylfibrer, t. ex. de, som framstallas av den produkt, som erhalles vid polymerisering av akrylnitril eller sampolymerisering av akrylnitril och en mindre del av en annan polymermonomer eller for elasticering av cellulosaestrar, sasom cellulosamonoacetat och cellulosatriacetat. The new method and device according to the invention can be used for elasticizing any kind of thermoplastic, single-thread yarn, which can be elasticized according to usual edge elasticizing procedures. Typical examples of suitable single radar are, for example, single-stranded polyamide yarn with denier number 7 of type 6 or 66 or customary type, single-strand polyamide yarn with denier number 15 or 20 and polyester threads with denier number 15 or 20, e.g. those prepared from a product obtained by reaction between terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol. Under certain conditions, the invention may be used elsewhere for elasticizing acrylic fibers, e.g. those produced from the product obtained by polymerizing acrylonitrile or copolymerizing acrylonitrile and a minor portion of another polymer monomer or for elasticizing cellulose esters such as cellulose monoacetate and cellulose triacetate.

Det med en skdra forsedda blad- eller platorganet kan bestà av vilket lampligt material som heist, som har tillraeklig notningshallfasthet for att anvdndas med tillfredsstallande resultat i kontakt med garnet i rorelse under nagon tid. Metaller, sasom rostfritt stal eller hart kolstal, aro i allmanhet lampliga ocli detta galler sarskilt om metallen har tillrackligt liten kornstorlek for att giva en slat yta I kontakt med garnet vid spetsen av den vinkelformiga delen av garnbanan. Bladorganet kan aven framstallas av nagon dyrbar adelsten, sasom clamant eller safir, och sadana organ ha den fordelen, att de kunna anvandas rnyeket lang tid utan att behava utbytas pa grund av nedslitning. Om ett material, som nedslites snabbt, anvandes for framstallning av bladet aro skarans sidoytor snart notta i sadan utstrackning, att de icke tvinga garnet att bibehalla en i huvudsak cirkular tvarsektion och om man icke anvander ett blad enligt figur 4, 5 kan minimikrokningsradien for ska, rans botten Oka sa att bladet icke langre kan giva garn med tillfredsstallan.de elasticitetkgrad. The blade or plate member provided with a shield may consist of any suitable material which is raised, which has sufficient notch durability to be used with satisfactory results in contact with the yarn in motion for some time. Metals, such as stainless steel or hard carbon steel, are generally suitable for this grid, especially if the metal has a sufficiently small grain size to provide a smooth surface in contact with the yarn at the tip of the angular portion of the yarn web. The leaf organ can also be made of any precious gemstone, such as clamant or sapphire, and such organs have the advantage that they can be used for a long time without being able to be replaced due to wear. If a material which wears down rapidly is used for the production of the blade, the side surfaces of the blade will soon be worn to such an extent that they do not force the yarn to maintain a substantially circular cross-section and if a blade according to Figure 4, 5 is not used. , rans bottom Oka said that the blade can no longer give yarns with a satisfactory degree of elasticity.

Skaran eller oppningen 1 bladorganet bOr 4201 2 vara atminstone lika langt eller djupt som garnets radie, sa att garnet hindras fran att underga deformering over atminstone ungefar hallten av sin periferi. Dess bredd mellan de punkter, ddr den bajda basen mater de i allmanhet motsatta sidorna av skaran, bOr vara ungefar lika med diametern hos det garn, som skall behandlas, och for erhallande av gam rued fordelarna enligt uppfinningen maste skarans bredd mellan dessa punkter i allmanhet utgora mellan ungefar 80 och 120 % -och faretradesvis mellan 90 och 110 % av diametern. hos det garn, som behandlas. Kraningsradien far skarans botten i bladets plan bar icke avvika mer an 20 % frail garnperiferiens medelkrokning och basta resultat uppnas om den är mellan 90 och 110 % av garnperiferins medelkrokning. Om garnets diameter exempelvis är 0,41 mm b6r medelradien for den konkava krokningen i sktirans botten I bladets plan vara mellan 0,183 och 0,224 mm. The notch or opening 1 of the blade member should be at least as long or deep as the radius of the yarn, so that the yarn is prevented from undergoing deformation over at least about the content of its periphery. Its width between the points where the bent base feeds the generally opposite sides of the yarn should be approximately equal to the diameter of the yarn to be treated, and in order to obtain the gam rued advantages of the invention, the width of the yarn between these points must generally between 80 and 120% and, preferably, between 90 and 110% of the diameter. in the yarn being treated. The crane radius at the bottom of the group in the plane of the blade should not deviate more than 20% from the average hook of the yarn periphery and best results are obtained if it is between 90 and 110% of the average hook of the yarn periphery. For example, if the diameter of the yarn is 0.41 mm, the average radius of the concave hook at the bottom of the stem in the plane of the blade should be between 0.183 and 0.224 mm.

Minimiradien for den konvexa krokningen av den bojda bottnen i skaran i plan, som aro vinkelrata mot bladets plan, kunna variera -inom vida grainer men bar i allmanhet vara -sa liten som majligt utan att garnet skadas, dà det fares genom skdran i en vinkelformig bana. Den minsta mojliga krokningsradien beror i sin tur pa egenskapema hos det garn, som fares Over kanten, pa enkeltradarnas storlek, ytbeskaffenheten hos det material, av vilket bladorganet är framstallt, och ph spanningen i garnet. Som en allman regel att ju mindre kornstorlek del material, av vilket bladet är framstallt, liar och ju lagre spanningen i garnet am, desto mindrc är den optimala minimiradien far den konvexa krokningen hos skarans botten. Vid behandling av polyamidgarnet kan krokningsradien vidare vara lagre an vid flagon annan garntyp och vid janoforbara betingelser kan en skdra, som liar en ungefar 20 % lagre minsta radie vid bottnen anvandas med polyamidgarner an med flagon annan garntyp. Da alla faktorer dro pa ldmpligt salt avvagda, är det ibland mojligt att bottnen i skaran har en minsta krokningsradie mellan ungefar 2 och 4 mikron men vid mindre gynnsamma betingelser kan en miniinikrakningsradie mellan 5 och 8 mikron erfordras far tillfredsstallande resurtat. Den starsta minimiradie far konvex krokning hos skarans botten, som kan anvandas med tillfredsstallande resultat, beror pa grovleken av det garn, som behandlas. Minimiradien for kralming bar i allmanhet icke vara mer an ungefar 4 ganger diametern hos garnet och foretradesvis mindre dn. garnets diameter. For ett enkeltradigt gam med deniertalet 15 bar minimiradien for konvex krokning i bottnen ph skaran exempelvis icke vara storre an un- gefar 150 mikron och basta resultat erhallas, om minimiradien for konvex krokning är mindre an ungefd.r 30 mikran. The minimum radius of the convex curvature of the curved bottom of the notch in planes, which are perpendicular to the plane of the blade, can vary - within wide grains but should generally be - as small as possible without damaging the yarn, as it passes through the notch in an angular path. The smallest possible hooking radius, in turn, depends on the properties of the yarn passed over the edge, on the size of the individual radars, the surface condition of the material from which the blade member is made, and the pH of the yarn. As a general rule, the smaller the grain size of the material from which the blade is made, and the lower the tension in the yarn, the less the optimal minimum radius gets the convex hook at the bottom of the notch. In the treatment of the polyamide yarn, the hooking radius can furthermore be lower than with flake other yarn type and under janoporable conditions a cut which has an approximately 20% lower minimum radius at the bottom can be used with polyamide yarns than with flake other yarn type. Since all factors were based on moderately salt weighed, it is sometimes possible that the bottom of the group has a minimum curvature radius between about 2 and 4 microns, but under less favorable conditions a mini-indentation radius between 5 and 8 microns may be required for satisfactory results. The largest minimum radius of convex curvature of the bottom of the cut, which can be used with satisfactory results, depends on the coarseness of the yarn being treated. The minimum radius for curling should generally not be more than about 4 times the diameter of the yarn and preferably less than. the diameter of the yarn. For a single-row yarn with a denier number of 15, the minimum radius for convex hooking at the bottom of the crust, for example, should not be greater than about 150 microns and best results are obtained if the minimum radius for convex hooking is less than about 30 microns.

Bladorganet kan ha godtycklig tjocklek och genom astadkommande av inledningsspar, sasom askadliggores pa figurerna 1---4, kan det ha en tjocklek, som är avsevart storre an tva ganger den anskade minimradien for konvex krokning hos skarans botten. .A.v ett vanligt rakblad kan man exempelvis framstalla ett tillfredsstallande bladorgan men man kan aven anvanda en turtn stalplatta eller liknande med ungefar den anskade tjockleken. For framstallning av ett bladorgan enligt figur 5 pa ritningen kan man anvanda bladmetall med en tjocklek av mellan ungefar 0,013 mm och 0,051 mm och behovet av inledningsspar bortfaller. For framstallning av ett av diamant, safir eller liknande material erfordras i allmdnhet en fackman. The blade member may have any thickness and by providing initial grooves, as shown in Figures 1 --- 4, it may have a thickness which is considerably greater than twice the desired minimum radius for convex hooking at the bottom of the joint. From an ordinary razor blade, for example, a satisfactory blade member can be produced, but it is also possible to use a turtle steel plate or the like with approximately the desired thickness. For the production of a blade member according to Figure 5 in the drawing, blade metal with a thickness of between approximately 0.013 mm and 0.051 mm can be used and the need for initial savings is eliminated. For the production of a diamond, sapphire or similar material, a person skilled in the art is generally required.

Tillednings- och bortledningsvinkel for garnet till och fran bladorganet kan ha vanlig storlek och vinkeln mellan det tillforda och bortforda garnet kan variera mellan ungefar 10 och ungefar 0 eller annu mindre, om badorganets spilvinkel medgiver detta. Som en alb:flan regel galler att ju mindre vinkel mellan det tillfarda och bortforda garnet är, ju hogre Si den erhMlna elasticitetsgraden, men i nagra fall kan det vara lampligt att gOra tilledningsvinkeln relativt stor, t. ex. mellan 0 och 1000, sr att garnet snabbare kan upphettas till lamplig temperatur da det kommer i kontakt med bladkanten. The feed and discharge angle of the yarn to and from the blade member may be of ordinary size and the angle between the feed and the removed yarn may vary between about 10 and about 0 or even less, if the angle of play of the bathing member allows it. As a general rule, the smaller the angle between the fed and removed yarn, the higher the degree of elasticity obtained, but in some cases it may be appropriate to make the feed angle relatively large, e.g. between 0 and 1000, so that the yarn can be heated faster to a suitable temperature as it comes into contact with the leaf edge.

Spanningen i garnet under passagen omkring bladorganet och garnets temperatur, da det kommer i kontakt med bladkanten, kunna likaledes vara de vanliga och hero pa vilken typ av garn, som behandlas, och pa vilket elasticeringsfarfarande, som anyandes. Vid lampliga betingelser kan garnets temperatur variera fran rumstemperatur upp till garnets klibbningstemperatur och spanningen i gar--net kan variera frail ungefar 0,05 till 2,5 gram per denier. Garnets linjara hastighet omkring bladkanten kan aven vara den vanligen anvanda och kan variera lean 0 upp till sa mycket som 914 meter per minut i vissa fall. The tension in the yarn during the passage around the blade member and the temperature of the yarn, as it comes into contact with the blade edge, can likewise be the usual and hero on which type of yarn is treated, and on which elasticization process, which is different. Under suitable conditions, the yarn temperature can vary from room temperature up to the yarn sticking temperature and the tension in the yarn can vary from about 0.05 to 2.5 grams per denier. The linear speed of the yarn around the blade edge can also be the commonly used one and can vary lean 0 up to as much as 914 meters per minute in some cases.

Med undantag av den runda tvdrsektionen och de fordelar, som hero darpa, Kr garnet enligt uppfinningen i stort sett lika pa tidigare kant sätt kantelasticerat garn. Garnet kannetecknas amedelbart efter sin passage omkring bladorganet i allmanhet av en los slingkonfiguration i ostrackt tillstand och om garnet snos upp och icke utsattes f8r vridningsspanningar pa nagot annat satt, bildas aglorna I allmanhet sa att ungefar 50 % ddrav ha en riktning och den resterande halften av aglorna ha motsatt riktning med omvandnings- 201 2 punktema godtyckligt fordelade flings garnet. Om garnet a andra sidan med avsikt strackes under samtidig vridning, bildas oglorna sâ att de forlOpa i samma riktning. Liksom i andra typer av kantelasticerat garn aro de spanningar, som skapats genom att garnet bringats att lopa omkring bladorgan.et, i stor utstackning Aatenta» till sin natur och maste vara termiskt slappade for att garnet skall utveckla sina elastiska egenskaper fullstandigt. Forfaranden for termisk slappning av de latenta spanningama i kantelasticerade garner antingen. innan eller efter del att garnet formats till vavnader aro valkanda och skola darfor icke diskuteras narmare. With the exception of the round cross-section and the advantages which are required, the yarn according to the invention is substantially the same as in the previous edge in the way of edge-elasticized yarn. The yarn can be drawn immediately after its passage around the blade member in general by a loose loop configuration in the unstretched state and if the yarn is twisted up and not subjected to torsional stresses in any other way, the eagles are generally formed so that about 50% die have one direction and the remaining half of the agles have the opposite direction with the conversion points arbitrarily distributed flings yarn. If the yarn on the other side is intentionally stretched during simultaneous rotation, the owls are formed so that they run in the same direction. As in other types of edge-elasticized yarn, the stresses created by causing the yarn to wrap around the leaf organ are largely Aatenta "in nature and must be thermally slack for the yarn to fully develop its elastic properties. Procedures for thermal relaxation of the latent tensions in edge-elasticized yarns either. before or after part of the yarn being formed into weaves aro valkanda and school therefore not discussed further.

Claims

Patent claim:

A device for elasticizing a single-thread yarn (12, 58), consisting of a yarn thread (10), a yarn pick-up device (26), which removes the yarn from the yarn under tension and a plate (18, 42, 54) coated in the yarn web with a notch (46, 56) in one of its edges, through which the notch yarn is drawn and thereby brought to Villa a sharp-angled web, the notch being coated at the tip of the angle the yarn web forms and forming an opening approximately corresponding to the cross-section of the yarn, remains essentially circular.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the joint is U-shaped and has a width equal to 80-120% of the yarn diameter, a depth which is not less than the radius of the yarn and a radius of curvature at its axis in the plane of the plate, which is equal to 90-110% of the half diameter of the yarn, and that the notch is rounded, that it has a convex hook in planes perpendicular to the plane of the plate, the smallest radius of curvature in these planes being less than 4 times the diameter of the yarn.

Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the width of the notch is equal to between 90 and 110% of the diameter of the yarn and that the smallest radius of the convex curvature in planes which are perpendicular to the plane of the plate is less than the diameter of the yarn.

4. Device according to patent claim 3, characterized in that the plate is provided with a pair of bag-shaped grooves, which lead to the bottom of the respective frail joint and guide the yarn.

A method of elasticizing a thermoplastic single-stranded yarn using a device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the yarn is passed under tension in a linear path with a sharp-angled portion, characterized in that the yarn is at least partially delimited, so that deformation of its cross-section is substantially prevented during the passage through the angular part of the yarn web and it is forced to maintain a substantially circular cross-section. Request publications: Patents from France 1,082,270. Agent Dan & H Onn, Stockholm Stockholm 196

6. Kungl. Boktr. P. A. Norstedt & Saner. 660006 0 44 FIG. FIG. - 52 GENERALSTASENS UTC