RU95697U1 - MULTILAYER BUILDING BLOCK - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. A multilayer building block containing a decorative layer, a central layer located between the outer and inner structural layers made of expanded clay mixture, characterized in that the thickness A of the decorative layer is 7 ÷ 12 mm, the thickness B of the inner structural layer is 8 ÷ 17 mm , the thickness C of the central layer is 354–379 mm, the thickness D of the outer structural layer is 6–17 mm, while the central layer is made of expanded clay concrete with a large porous structure, and the block density is dry with The state is 650 ÷ 850 kg / m3. ! 2. The multilayer building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture for producing the central layer contains, per 1 m3 of the mixture: expanded clay gravel fraction 8 ÷ 22 mm with a bulk density of 350 ÷ 450 kg / m3 in a volume of 1 m3, Portland cement 130 ÷ 140 kg, polyvinyl acetate adhesive in a volume of 1.3 ÷ 1.7 l, water in a volume of 115 ÷ 125 l. ! 3. The multilayer building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture for the manufacture of the outer and inner structural layers contains expanded clay gravel fractions of 0.1 ÷ 5.5 mm with a bulk density of 450-550 kg / m3.

Description

The utility model relates to the production of building materials used for the construction of walls of civil and industrial facilities (office buildings, multi-storey residential buildings, cottages and other buildings) with high requirements for external decorative cladding, heat and sound insulation.

Known multi-layer building block (see analogue - RU 2317381, IPC E04C 1/40, publ. 02/20/2008) containing three layers: decorative, bearing and located between them, heat-insulating. The above-mentioned layers are bonded together by polymer rods, which complicates the design and manufacturing technology of the said block.

A multilayer building block is known (see the closest analogue - RU 2208102, IPC E04C 1/40, publ. 07/10/2003), containing four layers: decorative, two structural and central. The central layer is located between the structural layers, is heat-insulating and made of expanded polystyrene. All layers, except for decorative, are fastened together by jumpers, which can be made in the form of rods, corners, and also made of metal or plastic. The disadvantage is the relative complexity of the design and manufacturing technology of the above block, in addition, the execution of the Central layer of expanded polystyrene reduces the life of the block and contributes to the release of harmful substances.

The technical result that is achieved by the utility model is to simplify the design of a multilayer block with the necessary strength, while providing high heat and sound insulation and decorative appearance of the front surface.

The technical result is achieved in that the multilayer building block contains a decorative layer, a central layer located between the outer and inner structural layers made of expanded clay mixture, the thickness A of the decorative layer being 7–12 mm, the thickness B of the inner structural layer being 8–17 mm , the thickness C of the central layer is 354–379 mm, the thickness D of the outer structural layer is 6–17 mm, while the central layer is made of expanded clay concrete of a large-pore structure, and lotnost block in dry condition amounts to 650 ÷ 850 kg / ^m3.

The mixture for obtaining the central layer contains, per 1 m ^{3 of the} mixture: expanded clay gravel fraction 8 ÷ 22 mm with a bulk density of 350 ÷ 450 kg / m in a volume of 1 m ³ , Portland cement 130 ÷ 140 kg, polyvinyl acetate glue in a volume of 1.3 ÷ 1.7 l, water in a volume of 115 ÷ 125 l.

The mixture for the manufacture of the outer and inner structural layers contains expanded clay gravel fractions of 0.1 ÷ 5.5 mm bulk density of 450-550 kg / m ³ .

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 - shows a four-layer building block.

Figure 2 - is a sectional view of a four-layer building block.

Figure 3 - schematically shows an enlarged fragment of the Central layer of the block.

The practical implementation of the utility model is described in detail below.

The multilayer building block 1 (hereinafter referred to as the block) comprises a decorative layer 2, an inner structural layer 3, a central layer 4, an outer structural layer 5, wherein said central layer 4 is located between said inner 3 and outer 5 structural layers (see FIG. 1 )

The aforementioned layers are selected by thickness as follows: the thickness A of the decorative layer 2 is 7 ÷ 12 mm, the thickness B of the inner building layer 3 is 12 ÷ 17 mm, the thickness C of the central layer 4 is 354 ÷ 379 mm, the thickness D of the outer building layer 5 is 6 ÷ 17 mm, which provides good heat and sound insulation, masonry strength with the relative simplicity of the design of blocks 1 (see figure 2).

Decorative layer 2 is made of mixtures having the following properties and qualities: strength, hardness, aesthetics, hydro-repellent, etc. In a specific example, the mixture for decorative layer 2 is prepared based on 1000 kg of sand in the following proportion: 1000 kg of sand, white Portland cement 320 ÷ 340 kg, putty (dry mix) 610 ÷ 620 kg, plasticizer 0.23 ÷ 0.25 kg, water in a volume of 210 ÷ 230 liters with the addition of the necessary amount of a coloring substance, inorganic pigment, to the mixture. The coloring matter may be yellow or brown or any other color. In addition, the decorative layer 2 can be made of various textures: smooth, in the form of a "torn" brick or any other relief pattern.

The outer 5 and inner 3 structural layers are made of expanded clay mixtures with the following properties: strength and low thermal conductivity. In addition, the outer layer 5 is a leveling layer for finishing. In a specific embodiment, the mixture for obtaining the outer 5 and inner 3 structural layers contains, per 1 m ^{3 of the} mixture: Portland cement 365-385 kg, expanded clay gravel fractions of 0.1 ÷ 5.5 mm bulk density 450 ÷ 550 kg / m ³ in a volume of 0.9 m ³ , water in a volume of 105 ÷ 135 l, polyvinyl acetate glue 1.3 ÷ 1.7 kg. The above-described outer 5 and inner 3 structural layers give strength to block 1, and the closed porous layers created by them redistribute heat fluxes in block 1, which improves the thermal conductivity of said block 1.

The Central layer 4 is made of expanded clay mixtures with high heat and sound insulation properties. In a specific embodiment, the mixture for producing the central layer 4 contains, per 1 m ^{3 of the} mixture: expanded clay gravel fraction 8 ÷ 22 mm with a bulk density of 350 ÷ 450 kg / m ³ in a volume of 1 m ³ , Portland cement 130 ÷ 140 kg, polyvinyl acetate glue in a volume of 1.3 ÷ 1.7 l, water in a volume of 115 ÷ 125 l. The above-described central layer 4 has a strong large-pore structure, since grains 6 of expanded clay gravel are encircled by a cement “milk” 7 and are firmly connected to each other (see Fig. 3), while there is an air space 8 between them.

The above block 1 is characterized by a density in the dry state of 650 ÷ 850 kg / m ³ .

In the manufacture of the above-described large-pore (sandless) expanded clay concrete block 1, the outer structural 5, the central 4, the internal structural 3 and the decorative 2 layers are sequentially laid into the mold, then they are held for a certain period of time and the plate is cut, mainly on a programmable cutting stone cutting machine, into blocks 1 of the necessary size.

The above-described block 1 has a relatively simple design, technologically advanced in manufacturing and assembly, has strength, good heat and sound insulating properties, and allows you to create various architectural and construction forms of the exterior walls of buildings.

Claims (3)

1. A multilayer building block containing a decorative layer, a Central layer located between the outer and inner structural layers made of expanded clay mixture, characterized in that the thickness A of the decorative layer is 7 ÷ 12 mm, the thickness B of the inner structural layer is 8 ÷ 17 mm , the thickness C of the central layer is 354–379 mm, the thickness D of the outer structural layer is 6–17 mm, while the central layer is made of expanded clay concrete with a large porous structure, and the block density is dry with The state is 650 ÷ 850 kg / m ³ . 2. The multilayer building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture for producing the central layer contains, per 1 m ³ mixture: expanded clay gravel fraction 8 ÷ 22 mm bulk density 350 ÷ 450 kg / m ³ in a volume of 1 m ³ Portland cement 130 ÷ 140 kg, polyvinyl acetate glue in a volume of 1.3 ÷ 1.7 l, water in a volume of 115 ÷ 125 l. 3. The multilayer building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture for the manufacture of external and internal structural layers contains expanded clay gravel fractions of 0.1 ÷ 5.5 mm bulk density of 450-550 kg / m ³ .