RU28687U1 - Coal producing device - Google Patents

Description

602126246

Coal producing device

The utility model relates to the field of pyrolysis of wood and its waste, as well as other types of raw materials containing organic substances.

A device for producing charcoal is known, including a furnace with a furnace, air ducts, chimneys and heated chambers with openings in which removable retorts are installed vertically, while the lower part of the retort is made in the form of a grate open to the heated chamber, the latter having at least three holes for retort installation, and air ducts and chimneys are equipped with gates; the furnace furnace is installed outside the heated chamber and connected to it by flues, and the walls of adjacent heated chambers form the walls of the furnace; in the wall between the heated chamber and the furnace, the main gas duct is made in the upper part of the furnace and the auxiliary gas duct in the lower part of the furnace for ignition in the chamber of combustible combined-cycle gases, see RU 2115689 according to class G10B 53/02.

The process of obtaining charcoal in a known device is carried out in steel retorts without access to oxygen by heating to a temperature of about 450 ° C with flue gases entering the pyrolysis chamber from the furnace. Under the influence of heat, wood is first dried, and then it is thermally decomposed to carbon pyrolysis, pyrolysis is formed during pyrolysis, which exit through holes in the bottom of the retort and burns in the pyrolysis chamber with the release of additional heat.

The known device has the following disadvantages. To obtain a temperature inside the retort of 450 ° C, the flue gases inside the pyrolysis chamber must have a temperature of 600 - 650 ° C. At a high temperature inside the pyrolysis chamber and existing safety requirements that limit the temperature of the outer walls of the apparatus to 55 ° C, the walls of the pyrolysis chamber have a complex structure and developed thermal insulation to prevent heat loss.

A device for producing coal is known, including a furnace and a pyrolysis chamber with removable retorts. Removable retorts have blank top covers and are closed with heat-insulating covers sealed by sand seals; retort bottoms are equipped with hinged covers with holes; in the process of pyrolysis, pyrogases are formed, which exit through the holes in the bottom of the retort and burn in the pyrolysis chamber with the release of additional heat, see EN 2150483 according to class G10B 53/02, publ. 06/10/2000.

This technical solution is taken as a prototype of this utility model.

burned inside the pyrolysis chamber, forming additional heat, i.e. there is a high temperature inside the pyrolysis chamber, and under existing safety requirements that limit the temperature of the outer walls of the apparatus, the walls of the pyrolysis chamber must have a complex structure and developed thermal insulation to prevent heat loss. In addition, the design of the device does not ensure the tightness of the retorts, which leads to a low efficiency of the pyrolysis process.

The basis of this utility model is the solution to the problem of increasing the efficiency of the device, as well as simplifying its design.

According to the utility model, this problem is solved due to the fact that in the device for producing coal, which includes topoches about the chamber and the pyrolysis chamber with removable retorts having blind top covers, heat-insulating covers, as well as gas vent devices located at the bottom of the retorts, a gas vent device of each retorts communicated with the combustion chamber by means of a flue pipe; an annular rim can be made on the inside of the retort at some distance from its lower end, and the retort gas vent device includes a cover installed with a gap relative to the annular rim, and a gas outlet tube, the retorts in their lower part being sealed relative to the bottom by pyrolysis

chambers and branch pipe by means of a sand shutter; heat-insulating covers can be combined with blank top covers of removable retorts.

The applicant has not identified technical solutions that are identical to the claimed utility model, which allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "novelty.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

in FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of a device;

figure 2 is a longitudinal section of a node in figure 1.

The device for producing coal includes a housing 1, closed from above by a vault 2. Housing 1 in a specific example is divided by partitions 3 into a combustion chamber 4 and a pyrolysis chamber 5, which are interconnected via a channel 6. Removable retorts 7 are placed in the openings of the arch 2. On top of the retort 7 they have heat-insulating covers 8, which, in a specific embodiment, are combined with the blank top covers of the retorts 7. On the inside of each of the retorts 7, at some distance from its lower end, an annular rim 9 is made. At the bottom of each vectors 7 venting device is arranged, which is communicated with the combustion chamber 4 through the vapor pipe 10. The venting device 11 comprises a lid mounted with a gap 12 relative to the annular rim 9 and the suction inlet 13 of the vapor pipe 10. Retort 7 at their lower

the parts are sealed relative to the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber 5 and the pipe 13 by means of a sand shutter 14.

The device operates as follows.

In the combustion chamber 4, fuel is burned and flue gases are obtained with a temperature of about 600-65. The flue gases through the channel 6 enter the pyrolysis chamber 5 and heat the retorts 7 with the raw materials loaded into them. As the temperature reaches 400-450 ° C inside the retorts, the thermal decomposition of the organic material occurs with the production of pyrolysis gases and a solid fraction in the form of coal. Pyrolysis gases under excessive pressure exit through the gaps 12 between the covers 11 of the retort 7 and the annular sides 9, and then through the pipe 13 and gas pipes 10 into the combustion chamber 4 and burn it. Maintaining the required temperature is carried out by adjustable air intake. Retorts in which the pyrolysis ended, with the finished coal, are removed by a lifting device and installed in a stand on a sand shutter for cooling. Moreover, when retorts are removed, separate operations with heat-insulating covers are not required 8. The device operating mode is continuous in the operation of the combustion chamber and periodic in the process in each retort. The time shift between the operations of the extraction and installation of retorts ensures the stable operation of the device without sharp temperature fluctuations.

by means of a gas exhaust pipe 10 with a combustion chamber 4, as well as sealing of the retorts 7 (compaction by means of a sand valve 14 of the retorts 7, in their lower part, relative to the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber 5 and the pipe 13), pyrolysis gases from the retorts 7 are completely discharged into the combustion chamber 4 and do not fall into the pyrolysis chamber 5, i.e. the temperature in the pyrolysis chamber 5 does not rise above the temperature necessary for the pyrolysis process. In addition, due to the sealing of the retorts 7, oxygen does not enter them, thereby increasing the efficiency of the pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis gases discharged from the retort 7 are burned in the combustion chamber 4 and serve as an additional heat source, thereby reducing heat loss.

The device can be used wherever organic waste (residues) is generated, for example, in the forestry complex during timber harvesting and processing, and in agriculture for waste disposal (reed, straw, nutshells, residues from processing corn, sunflower and other plants).

The device is manufactured in the factory using conventional equipment and known materials, which determines, according to the applicant, its compliance with the criterion of "industrial applicability.

Claims (3)

1. A device for producing coal, including a combustion chamber and a pyrolysis chamber with removable retorts having blind top covers, heat-insulating covers, and gas venting devices located at the bottom of the retort, characterized in that the gas venting device of each retort is in communication with the combustion chamber through a gas vent pipes. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that on the inner side of the retort at some distance from its lower end there is an annular side, and the gas outlet device of the retort contains a lid mounted with a gap relative to the annular side, and a receiving pipe of the gas outlet pipe, and the retorts in their lower parts are sealed relative to the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber and pipe by means of a sand shutter. 3. The device according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat-insulating covers are aligned with the blind top covers of the retractable retorts.