RU2764068C1 - Method for metabolic correction of body of heavy-yielding cows - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of veterinary medicine, in particular, to a method for metabolic correction of the body of heavy-yielding cows. The method consists in feeding the cows with a metabolic composition containing iodinol, molasses, sodium chloride, succinic acid, iron sulphate, cobalt sulphate, copper sulphate, zinc sulphate, and nettle extract. All initial components are used in a certain ratio. 1 liter of the composition is therein diluted in 5 liters of tap water, and the cows are fed 0.5 liters of the diluted composition per head during the morning feeding, or 0.5 liters of the diluted composition are added to the morning portion of feed for 15 days after delivery.

EFFECT: use of the invention allows for effective correction of the metabolic processes in highly productive cows after delivery, increase in the resistance and reduction in the percentage of postpartum pathology.

1 cl, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of veterinary medicine, in particular to methods for correcting metabolism and preventing metabolic diseases in high-yielding cows. The use of the invention will effectively correct metabolic processes in highly productive cows after childbirth, increase resistance and reduce the percentage of postpartum pathology.

Ensuring the health of highly productive cows is the most significant economic problem. Metabolic diseases in terms of prevalence and economic damage caused to animal husbandry occupy one of the first places, therefore, the actual problems of modern veterinary medicine are the search for effective means for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders in high-yielding cows. This problem is acute for breeding cows due to the lack of energy and minerals for milk synthesis. A sharp decrease in the body's resistance of productive cows leads to a loss of milk productivity, reproductive function and diseases of various kinds. To date, there is a well-founded problem - dairy cows have a so-called critical period, which begins a few weeks before calving and ends two to three weeks after it. In the early lactation period, a cow, due to hormonal changes, high physical activity and other stress factors, is unable to consume an adequate amount of feed for energy consumption. The animal spends the bulk of energy and protein on milk production, and only a small part of the resources is used to meet the body's own needs. Energy deficiency is observed throughout the first trimester of lactation, but is especially dangerous in the first weeks after calving.

And here the leading place is occupied by the pathology of metabolism, causing the need for the use of biologically active additives (BAA), which have a wide spectrum of action.

Minerals, trace elements, vitamins are involved in all metabolic processes and their deficiency has a significant impact on the exchange fund of the body of cows. Insufficient intake of these substances into the body dramatically reduces the resistance, milk production and reproductive function of cows. Therefore, the creation of a certain supply of nutrients for the first time after calving is the main task of maintaining the health of cows. To address these issues, a series of preparations "Felutsen" has been developed and is being used. They made it possible to largely solve the problem of cow nutrition, but did not prove to be effective hepatoprotectors. A number of drugs with glucose are known that improve metabolic processes, increase resistance to infectious diseases, for example, "Purivetin" (RF Patent No. calcium glycerophosphate 30.0-40.0; vitamin B12 0.02-0.04; ascorbic acid 2-4; citric acid 2; succinic acid 2-4; folic acid 1-2; fructose 5-10; glucose up to 100, but the glucose and fructose components limit its use.

There is a known method for correcting the metabolism of cows in difficult physiological periods (RF Patent No. 2694185, 2019). The method consists in feeding the cows with an iodine-metabolic feed additive containing 50 ml of iodinol, 20 g of succinic acid, 500 ml of beet syrup (molasses), 200 g of sodium chloride, 7 g of iron sulfate, 1 g of copper sulfate, 3 g of sulfate in 1 liter of an aqueous solution cobalt, 3 g zinc sulfate. The composition is used for 17 days before childbirth and 17 days after childbirth, flavoring the morning portion of food with 250 ml of a previously diluted 1/3 l of the composition in 3 liters of tap water. The method is not effective enough due to the high energy consumption of the body for the production of milk, a significant change in metabolic processes.

The aim of the invention is to obtain a highly effective composition, the use of which will provide an active metabolism in the body of high-yielding cows. To solve this problem, a metabolic composition is proposed, which is characterized by the unique action of the components of iodinol, molasses, iron sulfates, copper, zinc, cobalt in combination with succinic acid and sodium chloride dissolved in nettle extract.

The composition is obtained by dissolving the components in the nettle extract by heating succinic acid, sodium chloride, iron sulfates 10 g; copper 1 g; cobalt 5 g; zinc 5 g; iodinol 50 ml; succinic acid 30 g; molasses 500 ml; sodium chloride 200 g per 1 liter.

Iodinol has a strong bactericidal effect, and also participates in metabolism and ensures the functional activity of all body systems. Its need is great in any physiological periods of cows, because. iodine is diverse in its biological activity. Iodine deficiency has a significant impact on the function of the thyroid gland, which leads to disruption of redox processes, protein biosynthesis and reproductive dysfunction in cows, so this gap is compensated by iodinol. Iodinol has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity, has a detrimental effect on many pathogens of animals, and also takes an active part in metabolic processes, when combined with tyrosine, it produces thyroxine, an important thyroid hormone, the main function of which is to activate metabolic processes, accelerates the processes of decomposition of complex organic compounds, takes part in the breakdown of various proteins. Molasses is used as a source of carbohydrates, to improve the taste, increase the fat content of milk, to activate uterine contractions and separation of the placenta. For the prevention and treatment of hypomicroelementosis, the composition includes sulfates of iron, copper, zinc, cobalt, whose role is great in the processes of hematopoiesis, as well as in stimulating hematopoiesis and increasing the body's resistance. Succinic acid is used by the body in various pathophysiological conditions, when there is not enough energy to provide vital functions, it is actively involved in metabolic processes, powerfully stimulating energy production in cells, increasing cellular respiration tenfold, which improves oxygen uptake by cells, tissues and, on the contrary, it neutralizes aggressive forms of oxygen. Succinic acid normalizes the functioning of the nervous system as an anti-stress agent, neutralizes toxins during intoxications of any origin. A particularly stimulating effect of succinic acid is expressed in the weakening of the body and its disease. Sodium chloride is associated with the regulation of acid-base balance in the body, the activation of many enzymes of biochemical processes and is the main electrolyte in the cells of living organisms. The main biochemical function of copper is participation in enzymatic reactions as an activator or as part of copper-containing enzymes. Its importance in the processes of hematopoiesis, in the synthesis of hemoglobin and cytochrome enzymes, where the functions of copper are closely related to the function of iron, is great. Copper is important for growth processes (a significant amount of it is captured by the fetus). It affects the function of the endocrine glands, has an insulin-like effect. When fed with food, copper is absorbed in the intestine, bound by albumin, then absorbed by the liver, from where it returns to the blood as part of the ceruloplasmin protein and is delivered to organs and tissues. Iron is one of the most common elements. The content of iron in the blood is an important indicator of homeostasis. In the liver, it accumulates mainly in the mitochondria. The biological role of iron is determined by its participation in the binding and transport of oxygen, cellular respiration. It plays an important role in energy metabolism in the Krebs cycle. Specific and non-specific defense mechanisms of the body largely depend on the exchange of this element. Iron is necessary for animals as an integral part of blood hemoglobin. It is also part of the nuclear substance of all body cells and plays an important role in oxidative processes. About 70% of the total iron in the body of an animal is contained in the hemoglobin of the blood, which supplies the body with oxygen during respiration. The formation of hemoglobin in the body goes on continuously throughout life, so iron must be constantly present in the diets of animals. Cobalt, like iron and copper, is involved in hematopoiesis. Cobalt is an integral part of vitamin B12. This vitamin is synthesized by microorganisms of the digestive tract of animals, in the rumen of ruminants in the presence of cobalt in the feed. This determines the special importance of cobalt in animal nutrition. Cobalt in the body of animals activates a number of enzymes that improve the use of protein, calcium and phosphorus and increases the body's natural resistance to various diseases. Zinc affects metabolic processes, in particular, increases the absorption of nitrogenous substances and the use of vitamins by the body. Minerals are part of hormones, enzymes, vitamins, determine their activity and affect the intensity of metabolic processes in the body, and their deficiency leads to profound morphological and functional changes in organs.

Deficiency of minerals, vitamins, tannins, biologically and physiologically active substances will be filled with nettle extract, because nettle contains a large amount of vitamin C (up to 270 mg / 100 g), carotene and other carotenoids, up to 5% chlorophyll, more than 2% tannins, organic acids (oxalic, succinic, fumaric, lactic, citric, quinic), essential oil, sitosteran, phenolcarboxylic acids (gallic, coumaric, coffee, ferulic). Nettle contains up to 10% starch, porphyrins (protoporphyrin, coproporphyrin), flavonoids, vitamins B1, B2, B3, K, E, PP, pantathenic acid, carotenoids (xanthoryl, violaxanthin), glycosidurgicin, iron, manganese, copper, sulfur, silicon , boron, nickel, titanium, calcium, salts of vanadium, chromium, aluminum, silicon, zinc, cobalt, strontium, molybdenum, iodine. Having a unique natural composition, nettle has anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, wound healing, hemostatic,

general strengthening, multivitamin, stimulating, tonic and other properties. It has a pronounced effect on the basal metabolism, increases the tone of the respiratory center, cardiovascular system, intestines and uterus, stimulates granulation and epithelialization of affected tissues. Nettle is able to restore hemoglobin and increase the number of red blood cells no less than iron preparations.

And at the end of the components of the metabolic composition, sodium chloride enters not only as a source of minerals, but also as a reliable preservative that can ensure the shelf life of the composition for a long time at room temperature. The composition is obtained by dissolving the components in tap water by heating succinic acid and sodium chloride per 1 liter of liquid. The method of applying the composition consists in diluting the contents of a liter bottle in 5 liters of tap water and flavoring the feed in the morning feeding at the rate of 500 ml per head immediately after childbirth or feeding the cows with a diluted composition.

The composition is packaged in ordinary plastic bottles with a volume of 1.0 liters when stored at room temperature for at least 6 months at pH-3.0-3.2, which does not allow the development of microflora.

The composition was tested on white mice without complications, the females were in good physiological shape, in lactating females the offspring were more developed and larger compared to females that did not receive the metabolic composition.

The study of the dynamics and effectiveness of the influence of the metabolic composition on the metabolic processes of cows in the early postpartum period, the pathology of the perinatal period and productive qualities was carried out in the conditions of the dairy complex of the educational farm "Znamenskoye" of the Kursk State Agricultural Academy in 2019 from January to April during the period of mass calving. For the experiment, two groups of cows (control and experimental) of black-motley breed, aged 4-7 years, 27 heads each at the calving stage with obvious symptoms of metabolic disorders were selected. All animals were in the same conditions of feeding and maintenance. The cows of the control variant were given molasses diluted with water 1:5; that an energy-deficient state is observed throughout the first trimester of lactation, and is especially dangerous in the first weeks after calving. Therefore, blood was taken from the jugular vein for biochemical analysis in the cows of the experimental and control groups in the first hours and 11 days after birth.

The optimal dose of 500 ml per head is justified by high productivity, energy costs for the birth process and the restoration of metabolic processes. Control over the physiological state of the animals of the experimental and control groups was carried out by clinical observations, biochemical parameters of blood on the 1st and 11th day after birth and the method of comparative evaluation of all the studied parameters. The pathology of the perinatal period was determined by the number of retained placenta, endometritis and mastitis and their severity. Productive qualities were determined by control milk yields and the amount of milk was analyzed from the 1st to the 15th day throughout the entire experimental period.

During the experiment, the features of the effect of the metabolic composition used on the biochemical parameters of the blood of cows in the perinatal period after childbirth and 11 days after them were revealed (Table 1).

In the first hours after birth, the total protein in the blood of cows in the experimental group was higher by 2.8 g/l than in the control group. When feeding cows with a metabolic composition (experimental group) on the eleventh day after birth, the content of total protein in their blood exceeded the initial (after birth) by 3.4 g/l, and in the control group it decreased by 3.8 g/l. From cows of each group, the blood was examined for biochemical parameters.

During the period of the experiments, the frequency of retention of the placenta, the incidence of postpartum endometritis and mastitis (Table 2), and productivity (Table 3) were taken into account. From cows of each group, the blood was examined for biochemical parameters. In the cows of the experimental group, the retention of the placenta, the disease with endometritis and mastitis amounted to three heads, in the control these figures were seven heads.

On the basis of the experiments carried out and the results obtained, it should be concluded that the use of the metabolic composition provides an effective correction of the main metabolic processes of the body of cows in the perinatal period, reduces the percentage of postpartum diseases and increases milk production.

According to the biochemical parameters of blood (Table 1), the composition had a significant impact on the correction of metabolic processes in the rearing cows, providing iodine sufficiency, energy, carbohydrate and mineral balance. The metabolic composition is distinguished by the availability of components, ease of manufacture, use and effectiveness in the prevention of iodine deficiency, metabolism and the most common pathologies in cows during the perinatal period, which allows us to suggest its use in dairy complexes. The results of using the metabolic composition indicate its high efficiency in ensuring the health and increasing the productivity of cows in dairy complexes.

The effectiveness of the use of the metabolic composition as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent in the pathology of metabolic processes and postpartum complications in the perinatal period of high-yielding cows, which can be included in the metabolic processes of the body, providing energy, carbohydrate, microelemental, immunometabolic and vitamin balances, confirms the increase in resistance and productive qualities. Negative energy balance in dairy cows at the beginning of lactation is associated with a change in metabolic status. Plasma metabolites are associated with energy balance, with the mobilization of body reserves from body fat, muscle and bone, with increased blood flow and gluconeogenesis. Milk metabolites correlate with energy balance. The metabolites found in both plasma and milk correlate with each other and with energy balance. These metabolites were mainly associated with hyperketonemia, fatty acid β-oxidation and one-carbon metabolism. Plasma and milk metabolic profiles provide insight into the physiological pathways of dairy cows in negative energy balance in early lactation.

The level of feeding and assessment of the state of the body change the energy balance and oxidative status of dairy cows. In general, differences in the activity of liver enzymes and intermediate metabolites suggest that nutritional levels can change the internal antioxidant system over the entire period.

To date, there is a well-founded problem - dairy cows have a so-called critical period, which begins a few weeks before calving and ends two to three weeks after it. In the early lactation period, a cow, due to hormonal changes, high physical activity and other stress factors, is unable to consume an adequate amount of feed for energy consumption. The animal spends the bulk of energy and protein on milk production, and only a small part of the resources is used to meet the body's own needs. Energy deficiency is observed throughout the first trimester of lactation, but is especially dangerous in the first weeks after calving.

In the first hours after birth, the total protein in the blood of cows in the experimental group was higher by 2.8 g/l than in the control group. When feeding cows with a metabolic composition (experimental group) on the eleventh day after birth, the content of total protein in their blood exceeded the initial (after birth) by 3.4 g/l, and in the control group it decreased by 3.8 g/l. Drinking the metabolic composition of cows in the experimental group led to a decrease in the blood of ketone bodies by 4 mg%, and in the control group, feeding cows with lemon balm increased their content by 2.2 mg%. On the eleventh day, the content of keto bodies in the blood of cows of the control group exceeds their amount in the blood of cows of the experimental group by 7.17 mg%, or 1.8 times. This indicates the energy insecurity of animals. It should be noted that an increase in the content of ketone bodies in the blood can cause a violation of fat mobilization to prevent deep metabolic disorders. The obtained data on glucose confirm this. Drinking cows with a metabolic composition contributes to an increase in the blood glucose content by 4.45 mol/l on the eleventh day after birth, and in the control group, a decrease by 0.37 mol/l compared with the initial period (immediately after birth). On the eleventh day, the content of glucose in the blood of cows of the experimental group exceeds their amount in the blood of cows of the control group by 2.98 mol/l, or 2.5 times. Feeding the cows of the experimental group with the metabolic composition led to an increase in trace elements in the blood, and in the control group, feeding the cows with molasses led to a decrease in their content. On the eleventh day, the content of iodine, iron, copper, zinc, cobalt in the blood of cows of the experimental group exceeds their amount in the blood of cows of the control group, respectively, by 90.2, 101.2, 0.49, 2.17, 0.027 mol / l , or 3.1, 1.5, 2.4, 1.8, 2.0 times. In three cows of the experimental group, retention of the placenta was observed, serous mastitis was diagnosed, which provoked mild endometritis (Table 2).

But within three to five days, the animals were clinically healthy without the use of drugs. One animal presented with acute endometritis and mastitis, which was provoked by a difficult breech delivery, but with medication and metabolic composition, the animal was clinically healthy after four days. It should be noted the good physiological shape in which the animals of the experimental group were after calving, they had a good appetite, while the milk yield was significantly higher than that of the cows of the control group and averaged from five to eight liters of milk (Table 3).

The results of these parameters in the control group were significantly lower and were characterized by five retained placenta, six endometritis and four complicated mastitis, the treatment of which took from seven to ten days.

It should be noted depression, elevated body temperature, loss of appetite in cows with postpartum complications in the control group, which drastically affected the productive qualities of breeding cows.

A biochemical blood test indicates a positive dynamics of the influence of the metabolic composition on metabolic processes in the body of high-yielding cows, therefore, the use of the metabolic composition will ensure the correction of the body of high-yielding cows precisely during the period of energy, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins deficiency, and also replenish iodine deficiency, catalyze metabolic processes, increase resistance and milk productivity, while significantly reducing the percentage of postpartum pathology in cows.

On the basis of the experiments carried out and the results obtained, it should be concluded that the use of the metabolic composition provides an effective correction of the main metabolic processes of the body of cows in the perinatal period, reduces the percentage of postpartum diseases and increases milk productivity.

The metabolic composition is easy to manufacture and use, its components are available, which allows us to offer it as a means for the prevention of energy, carbohydrate, mineral, vitamin and iodine deficiency in highly productive cows in dairy complexes.

Claims (3)

A method for metabolic correction of the body of high-yielding cows, which consists in feeding or drinking to cows a metabolic composition containing iodinol, molasses, sodium chloride, succinic acid, iron sulfate, cobalt sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, characterized in that nettle extract is additionally introduced at the following the ratio of the initial components in 1 liter of the composition: Iodinol 50 ml Molasses 500 ml Sodium chloride 150 g succinic acid 30 g ferrous sulfate 10 g cobalt sulfate 5 g copper sulfate 1 g zinc sulfate 5 g Nettle extract Rest, moreover, 1 liter of the composition is diluted in 5 liters of tap water and 0.5 liters per head is fed to cows in the morning feeding or fed by flavoring the morning portion of the feed with 0.5 liters of the diluted composition within 15 days after childbirth.