RU2575295C2 - Compact motored catamaran - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: claimed catamaran comprises U-like hull. The latter is composed by inflatable boards, stiff transom and inflatable bottom. Additionally installed are at least one inflatable balloon, each on every board, along the balloons of each side, on the bottom side. Said inflatable balloons are enclosed in the shell to make the skeg. Said inflatable bottom is secured along the perimeter to the catamaran sides over the entire depth thereof. Skeg shell on the catamaran aft side end is closed and provided with self-drain or controlled valves.

EFFECT: better navigability and stability.

6 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The solution relates to small shipbuilding, in particular to inflatable multihulls, mainly for tourist, pleasure, sporting and, for other purposes, motor or sailing type catamarans.

Catamaran type motorized small boats

For the vast majority of vessels, the classic contours of the bottom are keel bottoms, where in the center of the longitudinal axial bottom there is a ledge with a pronounced angle, which is set by the ship designer. Thanks to the keel, the bow of the vessel softer enters the wave and has stable directional stability.

There are ships with completely flat contours of the bottom. Such vessels have the smallest draft and higher carrying capacity compared to other vessels. But such vessels, as a rule, are slow-moving and have a narrow specialization of exploitation.

Specialized vessels include catamaran vessels. Catamarans are characterized by the fact that they have two floating formations along the bottom, which are parallel to each other and equidistant from the longitudinal axial bottom to the right and left side. The bottom of the catamarans is flat, and when you set speeds along the bottom of the vessel, a lifting force is generated and a planning effect occurs, while the vessel rises, the mass of the vessel decreases and it glides through the water on floating formations (skegs). Catamarans have good speed characteristics, excellent straightness of the course, on-board stability and controllability in turns, there is no vessel roll. Catamaran type vessels are often used in sports competitions, at home, for high-speed walks.

There are significant disadvantages.

Catamarans require powerful propulsors, since the area and volume of the skegs is insignificant in comparison with the mass of the vessel, and the planing course on the skegs can be organized only by reducing the mass of the vessel due to the formation of lifting force during planning, and planning can be created due to powerful traction and a planning plane along the bottom of the vessel.

In the case of sudden gusts of wind, when driving at high speed, the catamaran, which is in the planning mode at the same time, can receive excess lift due to the additional flow of air under the bottom and roll over.

Loading the catamaran with objects and passengers requires increased attention, since if there is excess cargo in the bow of the inflatable catamaran, the catamaran will not be able to go into planing mode or the exit time will be very long. Ideally, in planing mode, small boats of a catamaran type should go only at the bottom of the skeg with zero trim relative to the waterline of the vessel.

A patent for utility model No. 99763 is known, where the role of the skegs is played by closed or not inflatable balloons that are interconnected by a power frame, and small floats are attached to the main inflatable balloons to form a planing surface (1).

The patent for utility model No. 60058 is known, where an inflatable boat containing a U-shaped hull formed by inflatable sides and a rigid transom, an inflatable bottom formed by plane-parallel surfaces of the deck and keel part thereof, and additionally installed along the cylinders of each side of the boat hull from the bottom of the bottom at least one inflatable balloon enclosed in a shell fixed on the sides with the formation of a skeg profile, on the lower part of which an elastic profile is installed, the skeg shell from the stern of the boat you full not closed (2).

The specified decision can be taken for the closest relative to the claimed. However, in the analogue and prototype, the limitation of solutions is the excess trim on the stern at the beginning of movement, insufficient seaworthiness and stability of the catamaran type vessel, as well as the rigidity of the planning surface of the bottom.

At the beginning of the movement, the catamaran type vessel has a negative trim angle at the stern; for the normal planing state, the vessel has to give increased acceleration through the engine, which results in the need to supply the vessel with an excessively powerful engine, spend a lot of fuel, additionally loading the environment with harmful emissions. Since the bow is usually lighter than the stern, a strong trim on the stern is created at the beginning of the movement, at this point a temporary load on the bow can help to reduce the load on the engine to overcome the resistance wave.

A method was found that facilitates the rapid exit of the vessel to the planing state. Patent No. 60058 describes a skeg device — at least two additional inflatable balloons on each side of the sides enclosed in a shell attached to the sides. The skeg shell from the stern of the boat is not closed. Since the shell is not closed, the water that is in excess is between the main cylinders of the inflatable boat, the cylinders - skegs and their shell, when the inflatable catamaran begins to move, the water spills out immediately and does not affect the temporary loading of the bow of the catamaran.

The essence of the proposed solution

A motorized small-sized catamaran type vessel containing a U-shaped hull formed by inflatable sides and a rigid transom, an inflatable bottom formed by plane-parallel surfaces of the deck and its keel part, and at least additionally installed along the cylinders of each side of the boat hull from the bottom of the bottom one inflatable balloon enclosed in a shell fixed on the sides with the formation of a skeg profile, on the lower part of which an elastic profile is installed, the skeg shell from the stern of the boat is not made muffled, characterized in that the inflatable bottom around the perimeter to the sides of the vessel is fixed to the entire plane of the thickness of the inflatable bottom, the shell of the skeg from the stern of the boat at the end is closed and has self-draining or adjustable valves.

The vessel is characterized in that the width of the skeleton sole is adjusted by the skeg cylinder, in which a partition is installed longitudinally, which fixes the height of the skeleton cylinder, and the width of the two lobes formed by the septum of a single cylinder is set depending on the required width of the skate sole.

The vessel is characterized in that at least one water channel of the required diameter and length is formed longitudinally between the skeg cylinders and their shells on the starboard and starboard sides of the vessel. The channels have a system of self-draining or adjustable valves.

The vessel is characterized in that the ballast tanks are installed longitudinally on the outer side of the skeg shell on the outside of the sides, on the shell of the skegs and have self-draining or adjustable valves, or on the inside of the sides on the shell of the skegs under the bottom and have self-draining or adjustable valves. The vessel is characterized by the fact that a keel is created on the inflatable bottom along the central longitudinal axial axis, which begins in the bow and ends before reaching the end in the stern and has a total length of one fourth to three quarters of the inflatable bottom, while the keel in the bow is created by closing the fabric, when between the two internal central partitions of the inflatable bottom the designer creates by cutting elastic material, which is the bottom of the bottom, a bulge in the form of a smoothly starting and ending volume, or and the keel is formed by the construction of two central internal partitions built into the inflatable bottom so that the partitions are straight-line on the deck side and a convex line defining pitching is formed from the bottom, or the keel is created using an additional balloon that sets a certain length and fastened on the bottom of the vessel in the bow on the center line of the longitudinal axial towards the end.

The vessel is also characterized by the fact that in the bow of the sides a spoiler is installed relative to the horizon, which is regulated by an angle from 5 to 85 ° in the form of an inflatable, strained elastic or rigid surface, while the spoiler consists of two elastic planes, hermetically closed to each other and having internal partitions that form its thickness and the channels of direction of the external air flow, or the interceptor consists of a rigid frame, a stressed elastic material is installed on it, or the interceptor full in the form of an adjustable rigid plane.

EFFECT: increased seaworthiness, stability of a catamaran type vessel, as well as rigidity of the planning surface of the bottom. In addition, the excess trim on the stern disappears when the ship begins to move.

The design of the proposed vessel is presented in the drawings.

It is proposed (Fig. 2) to shut off the skeg shell 3 at its aft end 4 and install self-draining valves 5. When the inflatable catamaran is at rest, sea water fills the cavities located between both skegs and their shells (during the start of the run, the water located inside is ballast, which helps to increase weight in the bow at the beginning of the movement of the vessel and thereby prevents the vessel from accepting the position with excess trim on the stern, so that the vessel smoothly and quickly enters the planing mode. When the vessel grows, gradually due to self-draining valves at the end of the skegs, it spontaneously loses water, and the catamaran gains its natural weight.

Completely inflatable catamarans have increased windage and, if there is one person (skipper) in the catamaran, and the vessel moves in planing mode, there is a big risk that if a gust of wind or one skeg jumps into a wave, the vessel may roll over. When the catamaran type vessel is at rest, the valve is set to the seawater intake mode, after filling the skeg cavities with water, the valves are closed, and throughout the operation of the catamaran on the water it has ballast located on the right and left sides. Ballast gives significant lateral and directional stability, the catamaran is much more stable with lateral and nasal wind gusts. Thanks to the ballast on both sides of the vessel, the probability of a catamaran overturning decreases many times if several people are simultaneously at one of the sides or when a wave hits one side.

In the event that the incoming water into the natural cavities between the skeleton cylinders and their shells is insufficient (Fig. 3) for the necessary ballast of the vessel, it is proposed to form at least one water channel 6 of the required diameter and length 7 along the right and left skeg cylinders and their shells, which may have a system of self-draining or adjustable valves 5.

It is proposed (Fig. 4) to install ballast tanks 8 longitudinally on the outer side of the shell of the skegs. In this case, depending on the design features of the inflatable catamaran, tanks are installed on the outside 9 of the sides on the shell 3 of the skegs or on the inside 10 on the shell of the skegs under the bottom. In this case, the ballast tanks may have a system of self-draining or adjustable valves.

Inflatable skeg balloons have a certain diameter, which strictly depends on the height of the motor foot, if the skeg is small in diameter, the motor foot will sink into the water more than required, and the motor will not be able to develop the required power, and, conversely, if the skeg is large in diameter , then the motor may not completely sink into the water with its blades and will give increased speeds, which will lead to overheating of the engine and engine failure. If you set the correct diameter of the skeg balloon, then it may not be enough to form the sole on which the catamaran is planing, the vessel will be fast, but its carrying capacity will be small due to the narrow soles that cannot provide the necessary plane to reach the zero trim and successfully glide or the engine must be very powerful. Catamaran type vessel manufacturers, in order to increase the carrying capacity, install two skeg cylinders on each side to increase the area of the soles of the skegs, while the speed is much lower, since the soles of the skegs are wider and the sticking spot of such skegs is much larger, the water resistance is higher. The problem with this design is that the skeg diameter is set strictly depending on the length of the motor foot; accordingly, when two skegs are installed on each side of the sides, the width of the soles is determined by the distance of the diameters of the two skeg cylinders and cannot be reduced, it can only be made wider by pushing the skeg cylinders apart from a friend, but this completely changes the idea of a catamaran design.

It is proposed (Fig. 1) to regulate the width of the skid sole 28 with a skeg cylinder, in which a partition 30 is longitudinally fixed, which fixes the height of the skeg cylinder, and the width of the two lobes formed by the partition of a single cylinder 29 will be set by the designer depending on the required width of the skate sole.

A catamaran-type vessel can develop significant speeds at which a stable horizontal position of the vessel relative to a water mirror is important, i.e. zero trim with respect to the waterline. To create stability in the horizon, ballast tanks and a system of valves regulating the amount of sea water are offered. In some cases, this is not enough. It is proposed for additional stability in the bow of the sides to install an interceptor relative to the horizon, which is regulated by an angle of 5 to 85 degrees in the form of an inflatable plane (Fig. 8), consisting of two elastic elements 19, hermetically closed to each other and having internal partitions 20 that form its thickness and the channels of the external air flow 21, a tensile elastic or rigid surface (Fig. 9), where there is a rigid frame 24 on which the stressed material 23 is fixed. In case the catamaran (Ф g 10) has a rigid body 24, to which are attached inflatable skegs, spoiler may be rigid, e.g., made of metal 25.

The interceptor is fixed in the bow of the vessel, has an angle of attack, which should increase the additional load on the bow of the vessel when speeding, pushing it to the horizon due to the incoming air flow.

At the same time, the nasal interceptor can serve as a protective visor from splashes and rain for things or for going ashore or unloading items.

In the said patent for utility model No. 60058, where the inflatable boat contains a U-shaped hull formed by inflatable sides and a rigid transom, an inflatable bottom formed by plane-parallel deck surfaces. Manufacturers of small-sized catamaran type vessels fix the bottom to the sides of the boat along the perimeter in one line in the form of a membrane. The bottom at the same time can not withstand the created lifting force and bends into the inside of the vessel. To avoid this effect, manufacturers are forced inside the cockpit of the vessel to install stiffeners in the form of one or more transverse cylinders, which are fixed with the lower tangent to the deck of the inflatable bottom. Transverse cylinders in the cockpit reduce the capacity of the vessel and divide the interior into several sections, adding extra weight to the vessel.

It is proposed (Fig. 1) to create the necessary rigidity of the planning surface of the bottom 1, which is resistant to lifting forces, to fix the inflatable bottom along the perimeter to the sides of the catamaran type vessel on the entire plane of the thickness of the inflatable bottom 2. Thus, the inflatable bottom becomes rigid and can withstand the lifting force formed under the bottom due to the movement of a catamaran type vessel. In this case, there is no need to install stiffeners in the cockpit of the vessel, for example, in the form of inflatable balloons installed across the cockpit of a small vessel.

Trimaran type vessels are known: the design is such that it has skegs along the sides and along the central longitudinal axial bottom. The skegs are parallel to each other. Variants are possible when, for example, an inflatable keel boat, to which there are skegs from two sides of its lower part, the keel of the boat is the third, central skeg. Trimarans are more stable when moving to short and oblique waves, less sensitive to overload and distribution of cargo in the cockpit of a vessel, but the planning surface has a much smaller area, and a more powerful engine must be applied to these types of vessels. This is especially noticeable in trimarans, where the middle skeg is the keel of the vessel, which reaches the end in the stern, and when moving, the air flow that should go to the stern under the bottom does not have such a possibility in full, and accordingly, the lifting force decreases.

For greater seaworthiness and stability of a catamaran type vessel, it is proposed to create a keel on the inflatable bottom along the central longitudinal axial, which starts in the bow and ends before reaching the end of the stern, and has a total length of one fourth to three quarters of the inflatable bottom, depending on the design features vessel. Thus, we obtain a third skeg in the bow along the central axial axis, which gives additional seaworthiness and increases the useful load in the cockpit of a small vessel, and at the same time, on the bottom, a small vessel of a catamaran type has a sufficient flat area for planning.

A short keel (Fig. 5) in the bow is created by closing the fabric 11, when a bulge 12 in the form of a smoothly starting and ending volume is created by the designer between the two inner central partitions of the inflatable bottom. The bottom is forced by air and, thanks to the direct partitions, the bottom becomes flat, and only in the place where there is a bulge, the keel is blown out. If the keel is insufficient in height (Fig. 6), it is also possible to form it by constructing two central internal partitions 16, built into the inflatable bottom, so that the partitions are cut straight from the deck 14, and a convex curve is formed from the bottom line 13, which determines the pitching.

It is possible to create a keel (Fig. 7) with an additional balloon 18 (skeg), which is set to a certain length and is attached along the bottom of a small catamaran type vessel in the bow on the center line 17 of the longitudinal axial.

In FIG. 6 shows the formed keel 15; FIG. 8 - inflatable interceptor 22, in FIG. 10, position 26 denotes the adjustment of the rigid interceptor 25 within 5-85 °, position 27 denotes its adjustment along the axis 26.

Information sources

1. RF patent No. 99763, Floating means of a catamaran type, IPC B63V 7/08, decl. 07/01/2010.

2. RF patent No. 60058, Inflatable boat, IPC B63B 7/08, decl. 07/13/2006.

Claims (6)

1. A motorized small-sized catamaran type vessel containing a U-shaped hull formed by inflatable sides and a rigid transom, an inflatable bottom, and at least one inflatable balloon enclosed in a shell is additionally installed along the cylinders of each side of the boat hull from the bottom, forming a skeg, characterized in that the inflatable bottom along the perimeter to the sides of the vessel is fixed to the entire plane of the thickness of the inflatable bottom, the shell of the skeg from the stern of the boat at the end is closed and self-draining or adjustable e valves. 2. The vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that it has an adjustment of the width of the skeleton sole due to the skeg cylinder, in which a partition is installed longitudinally, which fixes the given height of the skeleton cylinder, and the width of two lobes creates the skeleton sole, the width of the skeleton sole is adjusted at the creation stage skeg depending on the required width. 3. The vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one water channel of the required diameter and length is longitudinally formed between the skeg cylinders and their shells on the starboard and starboard sides of the vessel, and the channels have a system of self-draining or adjustable valves. 4. The vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that there are ballast tanks that are installed longitudinally on the outer side of the shell of the skegs, while the ballast tanks are installed on the outside of the sides on the shells of the skegs and have self-draining or adjustable valves, ballast tanks are installed on the inside boards on the shells of the skegs under the bottom and have self-casting or adjustable valves. 5. The vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that on the inflatable bottom along the central longitudinal axial axis, a keel is created, which starts in the bow and ends before reaching the end in the stern, and has a total length of from one fourth to three quarters of the inflatable bottom, the keel in the bow is created by closing the fabric between the two inner central partitions of the inflatable bottom by cutting an elastic material that is on the bottom of the bottom, convexity in the form of a smoothly starting and ending volume, or the keel is formed by constants the two central inner partitions built into the inflatable bottom, so that the partitions are cut straight from the side of the deck, and a curved convex line is formed from the bottom that defines the pitching, or the keel is created using an additional balloon, which is given a certain length and is attached along the bottom the vessel in the bow on the center line of the longitudinal axial towards the end. 6. The vessel according to claim 1, characterized in that in the bow of the sides there is an interceptor relative to the horizon, which is regulated by an angle from 5 ° to 85 ° in the form of an inflatable flat tank, a strained elastic or rigid surface, while the interceptor consists of two elastic planes which are hermetically closed to each other and having internal partitions that form its thickness and the channels of direction of the external air flow, or the interceptor consists of a rigid frame, a tensile elastic material is installed on it, or an intercept The OR is made in the form of an adjustable rigid plane.

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