RU2560181C1 - Tank automatic loading system "scoropeya-3" - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: proposed tank system is coupled with heavy-armour manned turret back. It consists of three parts, i.e. free operating compartment accommodating manipulator with trough making a controlled spatial displacement, container for unitary shells with partially burning cartridge case with cylindrical lengthwise seats arranged relative to turret axis, rear compartment to allow spatial displacement of shell ejector from said container. This system is completely brought out from the turret, turret rear wall is composed of the wall perpendicular to turret axis and is provided with bore for moving trough with shells to pass into turret. Container houses the complete set of ammunition. Said container is composed of the set of tubes. Displacement of manipulator with trough and ejector are synchronized while said trough is provided with linear drive to seat said unitary shell into barrel. Turret rear wall can be provided with moving armoured shutter to stop the wall bore.

EFFECT: perfect design of the turret.

15 cl, 1 tbl, 4 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to armored vehicles, and more particularly to tank systems for automatic loading of tank guns.

State of the art

Russian tanks T-72, T-80, T-90 are currently equipped with a carousel machine located on the floor of the fighting compartment. The location of the ammunition in the same room with the crew is currently considered unacceptable.

In the prototype [1] a loading system with an ammunition delivered outside the fighting compartment is proposed, which is adopted as a prototype of the present invention. The machine is attached to the aft of the inhabited tower and consists of three successive compartments:

- free operating compartment in which a movable tray is placed, made with the possibility of controlled spatial premises;

- container shots with cylindrical nests longitudinal relative to the tower;

- the rear compartment, providing spatial movement of the ejector shots from the container.

A movable armored partition is installed between the container and the operating compartment.

Ammunition system consists of unitary loading rounds [2-7].

The biggest disadvantage of the prototype is the placement of the container with shots inside the tower. The container and crew are located in the same room and are not separated from each other. In case of accidental ignition of the powder charges of shots, which can occur when splinters or bullets get into the container, an unacceptable threat to the crew is created.

Another group of disadvantages relates to the description of the container. No numerical characteristics of the container are given, in the first place, the number of shots placed in it, and its dimensions. Judging by the conditional figure, the container contains 14 unitary shots, which is significantly less than the typical number of ammunition of modern tanks (40-50 rounds.) It is not specified where the remaining shots will be placed in the tank.

The cross-section of the container is approximately square in shape, which leads to the protrusion of the container top beyond the dimensions of the tower and does not provide shielding of the container from bullets and fragments of the front of the tower.

Such an important quantity as the length of a unitary shot, which is determined by the length of the container, the operating compartment, and, ultimately, the entire tower assembly, is not specified.

It is not stipulated that the sides of the container are booked, which makes it possible to ignite bullets in case of side shelling and splinters. Presented in FIG. 3, the container is made in the form of a solid body, which leads to an overestimation of its mass. The container material, the method of its manufacture are not specified.

The movable tray is made open from above, which does not exclude the possibility of a cartridge falling out during sharp maneuvering of the tray.

Disclosure of invention

The present invention addresses these drawbacks.

The technical solution and the result consists in the fact that the tank system of automatic loading, attached to the stern of a heavily armored inhabited turret, consists of three successive parts: a free operating compartment, in which a manipulator with a tray, which performs controlled spatial movement, is placed, a unitary shot container with a partially burning sleeve with cylindrical nests longitudinal relative to the tower axis, a rear compartment, providing spatial movement of the shot ejector and from the container. In this case, the system is completely removed from the tower, the rear wall of the tower is made in the form of a sheet perpendicular to the axis of the tower, and is equipped with an opening for the passage of a movable tray with a shot into the tower. The container contains the entire ammunition of the tank’s shells. The container is made in the form of a set of pipes. The movement of the manipulator with the tray and the ejector is synchronized, the tray is equipped with a linear drive that sends a unitary shot into the barrel. Moreover, the rear wall of the tower can be equipped with a movable armored shutter, blocking the hole in the wall. Moreover, the cross sections of the rear of the tower and all three compartments of the system can be in the form of equal rectangles. Moreover, the side surfaces of the system can be protected by armor plates 25 ... 30 mm thick. Moreover, the gun’s shutter can be equipped with a contact node that provides electrical connection between the fire control system and the contact at the bottom of the sleeve and then with the bottom trajectory fuse of the projectile. Moreover, the rear compartment can be suspended from the container on the axles and is equipped with a drive that provides folding the compartment up. Moreover, the container can be equipped with a system of pressure and temperature sensors that detect unauthorized ignition of the powder charge of a unitary shot and provide emergency inclusion of the rear compartment tilt drive. Moreover, the composition of the tank’s spare parts can include steel pipes with a diameter equal to the outer diameter of the shot, designed to replace unitary cartridges in the pipes adjacent to the sides of the container, and act as additional protective elements. Moreover, the ratio of the width of the rectangular section of the tower to the height can be within 3.5 ... 5. Moreover, the movable tray of the manipulator can be made in the form of a pipe with a longitudinal slot along which the rammer of the shot into the barrel moves. Moreover, the tower can be equipped with a device for compensating for the skew of the tower that occurs when the ammunition of shots in the container is used up. Moreover, the breech of the barrel can be equipped with a device that ensures the fixation of the completed shot in the barrel when the gun is tilted. Moreover, kick-off panels can be installed on the roofs of the operating compartment. Moreover, the container tubes can be made of lightweight durable material, for example carbon fiber.

List of drawings

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

FIG. 1 - the main elements of the system;

FIG. 2 - view of the automatic loader from above;

FIG. 3 - automatic loader with folded back cover;

FIG. 4 - general view of the T-72 tank with a new automatic loader.

The implementation of the invention

In the future, the term "tower assembly" will mean a tower with an automatic loader attached to it.

In FIG. 2 dashed line indicates the shoulder strap of the tower.

The tower assembly (Fig. 1) consists of two main parts: the tower itself 1 and the automatic loader 2. In turn, the automatic loader consists of three compartments: an operating compartment 3, a container of shots 4 and a rear compartment 5. A barrel of 6 s is located in the tower breech and shutter 7. The shutter is equipped with a contact node 8, providing electrical connection of the fire control system with a contact at the bottom of the sleeve and then with the bottom trajectory fuse of the projectile. The hole in the rear wall 9 of the tower is blocked by a movable armored shutter 10 with a controlled drive 11.

The tower also houses a mechanism for extracting a liner from the breech of the sleeve and ejecting it outside the tank (not shown in Fig. 1). The manual loading mechanism used in the event of failure of the automatic loading system is also not shown. The breech of the barrel is equipped with a device that ensures the fixation of the completed shot in the barrel when the gun is tilted.

A manipulator 12 is placed in the operating compartment 3, which has two translational and one rotational degrees of mobility and ensures the corresponding movement of the tubular tray 13. The tray is equipped with a linear actuator 14, through which a unitary shot is sent to the barrel.

In the container 4 is placed a multi-row set of pipes containing unitary shots 15 with shells of various types. The number of pipes is equal to the number of shots in the tank’s ammunition. Each pipe is equipped with a stopper that fixes the shot in the pipe until it is pushed into the movable tray, and a recognition device of the type of shot loaded into it. An embodiment of the latter device with the application of an annular belt of various colors on the outer surface of the shot and the introduction of a fiber optic cable into the pipe wall is considered.

The rear compartment 5 contains a movable two-coordinate unit 16 equipped with an ejector 17. The movement of the unit is synchronized with the movement of the manipulator 12 with the tray 13. The compartment is suspended from the container using axles 18 and is equipped with an upward opening drive 19 when the container is equipped with shots.

The side and back surfaces of the machine are protected by armor plates 25 ... 30 mm thick.

In FIG. 3 shows an autoloader with a rear compartment that is folded up.

The general layout of the tower assembly is based on the condition of equal moments of forces created relative to the transverse axis of the crown on the one hand by the weight of the gun and the frontal armor, and on the other - by the weight of the equipped container. As the ammunition is used up, the balance will be violated, which will lead to a warp of the tower relative to the hull. To avoid this, compensating devices are provided. The key problem of this technical solution is the ammunition safety in a combat situation, i.e. reliable protection against ignition of a set of unitary shots when firing a tank from various types of weapons from different sides. With frontal shelling, the autoloader is sufficiently reliably protected from all types of weapons by the front armored part of the tower. Protection of the machine from damage on the side and back is much worse. An armor plate with a thickness of 25 ... 30 mm more or less reliably protects the machine from splinters, small arms bullets and 23 mm small-caliber shells, but is not able to protect it from cumulative grenades of hand-held anti-tank grenade launchers and anti-tank guided missiles. The latter danger is especially great during asymmetric wars, which take place mainly in settlements. The following protection options are considered:

- equipping the side and rear surfaces of the machine with dynamic protection units;

- installation of active defense weapons on the tank using anti-projectiles against flying ammunition ([8, 9, 10]);

- during military operations in conditions dangerous for firing from the side, the use of a simplified method of protecting the container, in which unitary cartridges are replaced by additional protective elements in pipes adjacent to the sides of the container, for example, in the form of steel pipes.

The same method with the replacement of cartridges of the upper row can be used to protect against fragments and bullets falling into the upper projection of the tank. At the same time, ammunition is reduced, but safety is increased.

A method is provided for reducing damage to the tank in case of ignition of the pore charges of the cartridges from splinters or bullets. It consists in equipping the mechanism for opening the rear compartment with a sensor 20 that is triggered when a fragment hits the cartridge. In this case, there is an emergency opening of the rear end of the container, firing of the liner pallet and outflow of powder gases. For the same purpose, it is planned to install pop-up panels on the roofs of the operating compartment and container.

The container is equipped with unitary shots when the rear compartment is folded upward 5. At the same time, the complexity of the operation is significantly reduced compared to the operation of loading the ammunition into the floor carousel of standard Russian tanks T-72, T-80, T-90 through the sunroof of the tower, and space of the fighting compartment. The estimated ammunition loading time of 44 rounds is 7 ... 8 minutes. When loading the container using a transport-loading machine, the loading time is reduced to 1 ... 2 minutes. Information about the location of the shots in the container is displayed on the gunner’s console.

The action of the system is as follows. When the gunner instructs to load a projectile of this type, the swinging tray 13 moves from the lower position up and across the stack and is set to a horizontal position opposite the nest with the corresponding projectile. At the same time there is a corresponding movement of the ejector 17.

The ejector moves the unitary shot from the container 4 into the tray of the manipulator 12. After that, the manipulator moves the tray to the loading position while turning the tray in a vertical plane until the axis of the shot coincides with the axis of the barrel. Linear drive 14 of the tray sends the shot into the barrel and lowers to the lower position for the passage of the barrel when rolling back. The shutter closes. After that, a shot is fired.

In the case of firing shells with a trajectory temporary fuse after closing the bolt through the contact node 8 from the remote control of the fire control system through the contact at the bottom of the sleeve introduces a temporary installation in the bottom fuse [3].

As an application of the present invention, we will consider the Tverich modification of domestic T-72, T-90 tanks with the simultaneous transition of tanks to a unitary shot.

The case with the place of the driver, the chassis, the engine compartment is saved. The floor carousel automatic loader and the distributed stacking of shots are removed from the hull, which increases the space for placing the crew in the tank hull.

A new tower is being installed with the proposed automatic loader. The breech of a standard 125-mm smoothbore gun 2A46 is being finalized under a unitary cartridge.

We give the characteristics of the new automatic loading system:

The maximum length of a unitary shot, mm 1100 The maximum lengthening of the projectile, mm 8.8 The maximum diameter of the sleeve, mm 160 Maximum shot weight, kg thirty Outer diameter of pipes, mm 170 The number of pipes in rows 15, 14, 15 Total number of pipes 44 Container length, mm 2600 Container width, mm 2600 Container height, mm 700 Width to Height Ratio 3,7 The length of the operating compartment, mm 1150 The length of the rear compartment, mm 300 The total length of the automatic loader, mm 2600 The maximum mass of all shots, kg 1320 The total mass of the machine with equipment and armor protection, kg 3000

The table shows a comparison of the characteristics of the standard tanks T-72, T-90 and the modified Tverich

Characteristic T-72, T-90 Tverich Type of shot Separate sleeve Unitary Maximum projectile length, mm 700 1100 The possibility of using supersonic TUR no there is The number of shots in the automatic loader 22 44 The number of shots inside the case 43 0 The probability of crew survival when igniting the powder charges of shots,% 0 one hundred The operation of removing the gun to the loading angle there is no The time for manual loading of the ammunition into the tank, min fifty 10 Machine loading time, min no 5 Rate of Fire, rds / min 8 12

It should be noted that the large empty volume of the operating compartment plays another important role, namely, it reduces the impact and fragmentation of the rear end of the tower and the crew in the most dangerous case of detonation of ammunition.

Information sources

1. Patent RU 2326322.

2. Patent RU 2362961.

3. Patent RU 2368861.

4. Odintsov V.A. It's time to return to the unitary tank shot // Independent Military Review, 2006, No. 18.

5. Odintsov V.A. Armata should return to the unitary projectile // Independent Military Review, 2013, No. 43.

6. A. Vasiliev "Automatic loading of tank guns" // Military Review, 07/13/2013 http://topwar.ru/30785-avomaty-zaryazhaniya-tankovyh-orudiy.html.

7. Odintsov V.A. What will be the self-defense shell of the Armata tank // Defense Technology, 2013, No. 9-10.

8. Patent RU 2257531.

9. Patent US 5661254.

10. Protection of tanks. / V.A. Grigoryan, E.G. Yudin and others. M.: Publishing House of MSTU. N.E. Bauman, 2007.

Claims (14)

1. Tank automatic loading system, attached to the stern of a heavily armored inhabited turret, consisting of three consecutive parts - a free operating compartment, in which a manipulator with a tray is placed that performs controlled spatial movement, a unitary shot container with a partially burning cartridge case with cylindrical nests longitudinal relative to the tower axis , rear compartment, providing spatial movement of the ejector shots from the container, characterized in that the system removed from the turret, the rear wall of the turret is made in the form of a sheet perpendicular to the axis of the turret, and is equipped with an opening for passage of a movable tray with a shot into the turret, the entire ammunition of tank shells is placed in the container, the container is made in the form of a set of pipes, moving the manipulator with the tray and the ejector synchronized, the tray is equipped with a linear drive, sending a unitary shot into the barrel. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear wall of the tower is equipped with a movable armored shutter blocking the hole in the wall. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-sections of the rear of the tower and all three compartments of the system are in the form of equal rectangles. 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the side surfaces of the system are protected by armor plates 25 ... 30 mm thick. 5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the gun’s shutter is equipped with a contact assembly that provides electrical communication between the fire control system and the contact at the bottom of the sleeve and then with the bottom trajectory fuse of the projectile. 6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear compartment is suspended from the container on the axles and is equipped with a drive that allows the compartment to be tilted up. 7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the container is equipped with a system of pressure and temperature sensors that detect unauthorized ignition of the powder charge of a unitary shot and provide emergency inclusion of the rear compartment tilt drive. 8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition of the spare parts of the tank includes steel pipes with a diameter equal to the outer diameter of the shot, designed to replace unitary cartridges in pipes adjacent to the sides of the container, and act as additional protective elements. 9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the width of the rectangular section of the tower to the height is in the range of 3.5 ... 5. 10. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable tray of the manipulator is made in the form of a pipe with a longitudinal slot along which the shotgun moves into the barrel. 11. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the tower is equipped with a device for compensating for the skew of the tower that occurs when the ammunition of shots in the container is used up. 12. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the breech of the barrel is equipped with a device that ensures the fixation of the sent shot into the barrel when the gun is tilted. 13. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that on the roofs of the operating compartment mounted kick panels. 14. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipes of the container are made of lightweight strong material, for example carbon fiber.

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