RU2612037C2 - Reconnaissance and fire weapon system of tank armament - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to the objects of armored vehicles. Reconnaissance and fire weapon system of the tank armament represents a tank with the primary armament and the control system of its firepower, a launcher with the control system for storage and launching projectiles. The supporting and turning platform of the launcher contains a container with jet projectiles in the form of a module with blowout blast plates and a subpackage block in the form of autoloader-equipped combustible shells. Opening curtains are installed in the rear part of the turret. Containers for placing and launching of unmanned aerial vehicles are included into the sighting and observation system. The unmanned aerial vehicles are additionally equipped with detection and aiming devices for target destruction, systems of attachment and application of armament. The system of landing consisting of the guiding block and the landing block is provided for landing of an unmanned aerial vehicle on the tank.

EFFECT: invention allows improving protection of a tank crew and increasing of ammunition capacity.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of military equipment, and specifically to objects of armored vehicles, and can be used in the development of new models or upgrades.

Tanks are known (see "The Complete Encyclopedia of Tanks" - Minsk, Harvest LLC, 1998), which contain hulls and towers on which a gun is mounted as the main weapon, and machine guns as directional and coaxial with the main weapon, as well as anti-aircraft a machine gun, which is usually located on a tower with the ability to fire a commander.

The experience of using tanks shows that with the increasing effectiveness of the tank on the battlefield, more and more diverse, fairly effective and well-defended means of dealing with it (tanks, ATGMs, helicopters, airplanes, etc.) appear and not in a single form. All of them are dangerous for the tank and can act simultaneously. At the same time, fire support helicopters possess in combination with powerful missile weapons and powerful protection. Therefore, machine guns mounted on the tank in the form of additional weapons, in modern conditions as additional weapons are not effective enough. And it is advisable to have additional weapons on the tank that are more efficient than machine guns. A well-known Chinese tank of type 90, containing a hull, a tower mounted on the pursuit of the hull with the main armament (cannon) located in it, a fire control complex from it, the ammunition is located in the fighting compartment in the automatic loader, is the commander’s place, located in a rotating commander’s turret, equipped sighting by an observational complex, including the commander’s sight with a head mirror of the sight to duplicate the possibility of firing from the main armament (see Tanks / Illustrated Encyclopedia / Transl. English / Shant K. - M .: "Omega", 2007. S. 208-209). An anti-aircraft machine gun is installed on the tower of this tank with the ability to control the commander to ensure combat against air targets. However, if the control of firing from a machine gun is carried out directly by the commander, then the gun is aimed at the target in the normal mode by the gunner with the possibility of both choosing the target and conducting selective shooting from the cannon with either shells or tank guided missiles. At the same time, the commander can target the main tank dangerous target that the gunner does not see, and in a special mode, for example, when the gunner is hit, the commander can fire independently from the cannon with a shell or tank guided missile.

The disadvantage of this tank is the lack of the ability to conduct simultaneous effective aimed fire at two tank-dangerous targets, for example, from a cannon as a gunner, while a machine gun controlled by a commander is ineffective in most cases. It is also known that the placement of a loading automatic machine with ammunition, especially burning shells, directly in the fighting compartment leads to the death of the crew when it gets into it, so sometimes the ammunition or part of the ammunition is placed in a special niche, separated from the fighting compartment of the tank. For example, the American main battle tank M1A2 (Abrams), where the ammunition is located in the fighting compartment in the automatic loading unit in a special niche with knock-out panels, but the automatic loading unit for this tank is missing, it is replaced by a loading one (see Prince I. Shmelev. The history of the tank. - M .: Technique - youth. - S. 186-187, fig. On page 190).

A disadvantage of the known tank designs is the lack of the ability to effectively fight simultaneously with several targets located in different directions, including air ones.

On page 1, the prototype “Reconnaissance and fire complex of a tank’s armament” is marked according to the patent No. 105422 of November 22, 2010, IPC F41H 7/00.

It is a tank with the main armament and its fire control complex, a launcher for storing and launching rockets with their control complex, an aiming and observation complex and a support and rotary platform with a drive for orienting it in horizontal and vertical planes mounted on the command tower. At the same time, the launcher support-rotary platform for placing the container with rockets is placed behind the turret in the form of a module, and the periscope rod and micro UAVs with target detection devices, information receiving and processing devices, and its flight control and functioning.

The disadvantage of this design is the lack of the ability to land on the UAV tank both in place and in motion, the vulnerability of the ammunition in the fighting compartment of the tank, and the inability to use the UAV as an weapon system.

The objective of the invention is to increase the mobility, security and firepower of the tank.

The technical result that can be obtained by using the invention lies in the possibility of using UAVs capable of hitting tank-hazardous manpower and other targets capable of taking off and landing directly from and to the tank, in transferring the burning shells of the ammunition kit to the lower part of the rotary support module platforms and the installation of loading there, which increases the security of the tank crew and increases ammunition.

The task is achieved by the fact that in the reconnaissance and fire complex of the tank’s armament, which includes the tank with the main armament and its fire control complex, a launcher for storing and launching rockets with their control complex, an aiming and observation complex, and a rotary support platform with a drive for its orientation in horizontal and vertical planes. Moreover, according to the proposed technical solution, the rotary support platform, made in one piece with the tank turret, is equipped with a container with rockets made in the form of a module with baffle plates mounted behind the turret, and the unit of the ammunition part, made in the form of a block of combustible shells with a gun loading, providing the supply of burning shells to the shutter of a tank gun, while at the rear of the turret opening curtains are installed, the sighting and observation complex further comprises containers for I deployment and launch of the UAV and the UAV landing system on the tank, including the guidance unit and the landing unit, UAVs are equipped with detection and aiming devices for destroying targets, installation systems and the use of airborne weapons.

To land a UAV directly on the tank, a landing system is provided consisting of a guidance unit and a landing unit.

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by the drawings of the tank and its reconnaissance and fire complex, where in FIG. 1 shows a general view of the tank in its initial position; in FIG. 2 - a general view of the UAV in the container, side view; in FIG. 3 is a diagram of options for landing on a tank. The positions in the drawings indicate:

1 - housing;

2 - tower;

3 - gun;

4 - launcher for launching rockets with a complex of their control;

5 - rockets;

6 - a container for placing rockets;

7 - UAV;

8 - periscope rod;

9 - opening curtains;

10 - unit part of the ammunition with burning sleeves and automatic loader;

11 - landing block;

12 - knockout plates;

13 - ammunition shells with automatic loader;

14 - onboard armament of the UAV;

15 - clamps;

16 - a container with a UAV.

The reconnaissance and fire complex of a tank’s armament includes a hull 1, a tank turret 2 containing, as the main armament, a cannon 3 with a periscope rod 8, and as an additional armament, a launcher 4 for storing and launching rockets with their control complex, and a unit 10 parts of the ammunition with burning shells and an automatic loader, providing the supply of shells directly to the shutter of the tank gun through the opening curtains 9 installed in the rear of the tower 2 (Fig. 1). The launcher 4 is fixed in the rear of the tower 2 and is made in the form of a set of containers 6, in each of which a missile 5 is located, and the block 10 is placed under the containers 6. Moreover, the containers 6 with the block 10 placed under them form a module made for integral with the tower 2 of the tank and having the ability to rotate together with the tower due to the drive control tower located in the tank (form a support-rotary platform). On both sides of this module, knockout plates 12 are placed on both sides to reduce pressure in the event of an ammunition explosion of unit 10 or rockets 5, and launch containers 16 with UAVs 7 are installed in its rear part (on both sides of the launcher) (Fig. 2 , 3). In the fighting compartment of the tower 2 is located ammunition shells 13 with automatic loader. On top of the launcher 4 is a landing block 11, which is a fine-mesh mesh stretched over a frame base capable of receiving various elevation angles. The rise of the landing block 11 vertically is from the electric motor connected to the shaft of the lifting device (not shown in the drawings). UAVs 7 are equipped with detection and aiming devices for destroying targets, systems for installing and using the on-board armament unit 14. The lower and lateral parts of UAVs 7 are also equipped with clamps 15, for example, spring-type for fixing the UAV position when landing on landing unit 11 (Fig. 2 ) The UAV control complex is also equipped with an automation unit for UAV landing on an armored object. UAVs 7 are each in a separate launch container 16 (Fig. 2), in the bottom of which electromagnetic locks are located, and to which the tank’s pneumatic system is connected to create pressure in order to discharge UAVs with compressed air from container 16 with preliminary engine switching on.

When the tank moves in a marching UAV 7 are in containers 16 and are rigidly fixed by the latches 15 in the marching position. Combustible shells for shells are located behind the tower in block 10, in a position that ensures their transportation. If a mine or a land mine is blown up, in this case there is no ignition and explosion of burning shells, and if it does, then the knockout plates 12 will work outside the tank’s fighting compartment. Under conditions where additional weapons are needed, in parallel with the main or apart from it, the tank commander with the button turns on the UAV 7 control system, ensuring its functioning. The latches release the UAV 7, its engine starts and is discharged by compressed air and moves in the direction and with the speed set by the UAV control system through the control devices located in the upper part of the periscope rod 8. The tank commander controls the UAV 7. Observation devices and sensors, installed on the UAV 7, scan the terrain and upon detection of targets transmit information either to the display or to an electronic map of the terrain. At the same time, information about the targets coming from the UAV 7 is automatically entered into the data processing unit with a ballistic computer and through it into the guidance system of the launcher 4 and the homing system of missiles 5. An automated application of the complex is provided when, when receiving data about targets the complex defeats targets in automatic mode.

Upon receiving information from the UAV 7 about tank-dangerous manpower or about other targets hit by its weapons, the commander directs his weapon systems to the target for its subsequent destruction. For landing, the UAV 7 is aimed at the armored object and then, in manual or automatic mode, it is landing on the landing unit 11. It can be made both on the oncoming and catch-up courses (Fig. 3). In this case, the landing block is in the raised position. With a standing armored vehicle, landing can be done with the horizontal position of the landing block 11 (Fig 3). When the UAV 7 is in contact with the landing block 11, the latches 15 are triggered (Fig. 2), engaging it with the armored object, the UAV engine stops.

When firing from the main armament of the tank, the loading process is as follows. Having determined the target, the tank commander or gunner turns on the ammunition loading unit 13 (Fig. 1) in the fighting compartment of the tank. First, a tank gun is loaded with an automatic loader located directly in the fighting compartment with a projectile, then an automatic loader located in the modular unit is triggered. The combustible sleeve of the block 10 through the open curtain 9 enters the shutter of the tank gun and it closes, while the protective shutter 9 closes (Fig. 3).

The installation of a module behind the turret with the unit placed in it of a part of the ammunition in the form of burning shells with an automatic loader, reduces the risk of explosion of the ammunition, because they are mainly the initiators of the explosion. Also, this option allows you to increase the ammunition load by 1.5-2 times, because free cells left over from combustible shells can be loaded with high-explosive, cumulative, and sub-caliber shells. When loading the automatic loading unit of the fighting compartment with only sub-caliber shells, the probability of an ammunition explosion in the fighting compartment of the tank will not be greater than in the American main battle tank M1A2 (Abrams). Installation of launch containers 16 with UAVs 7, installation of landing unit 11, as well as equipping UAVs with latches 15, which allow UAVs to be fixed when landing on landing unit 11, allows UAVs to take off and land on an armored object both in place and in motion. In addition, the installation of an armament unit on the UAV 7 to destroy targets provides an increase in the combat effectiveness of the tank.

Thus, for the proposed design of the reconnaissance and fire complex weapons of the tank are characteristic:

- introduction of UAV containers into the reconnaissance and fire complex with UAV emissions by compressed air;

- installation of an armament unit on the UAV;

- installation of UAV clamps;

- installation of a UAV landing block on the tank;

- installation on the module of a container with rockets and knockback plates;

- placing in the module part of the ammunition in the form of a block of burning shells with an automatic loader;

- Installation in the rear of the tower opening curtains.

Claims (1)

A reconnaissance and fire complex for a tank’s armament, including a tank with main armament and a fire control complex, a launcher for storing and launching rockets with a complex for controlling them, an aiming and observation complex, a support and rotary platform with a drive for orienting it in horizontal and vertical planes , characterized in that the rotary support platform, made in one piece with the tank turret, is equipped with a container with rockets, made in the form of a module with knock-out plates, installed behind the turret, and the unit of the ammunition part, made in the form of a block of combustible shells with an automatic loader that feeds the burning shells into the tank gun’s shutter, while the curtains are equipped with opening curtains at the rear of the turret, and the sighting and observation complex additionally contains containers for placing and launching the UAV and a UAV landing system on a tank, including a guidance unit and a landing unit, UAVs are equipped with detection and aiming devices for destroying targets, systems for installing and using airborne weapons and I.

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