RU2472844C1 - Antismoke additive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: additive is an individual substance, use of which does not involve using organic components burning of which produces harmful substances.

EFFECT: additive is environmentally safer, reduces smoke formation, reduces carbon monoxide emissions and is easy to prepare.

1 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of fuel additives, reducing smoke formation and the concentration of carbon monoxide during fuel combustion, in particular additives containing compounds based on rare-earth elements.

Known composition that suppresses the formation of smoke when using liquid fuels, in particular hydrocarbon, containing 0.1-0.6 wt.% 2-ethylhexanoates of barium and zinc, with a weight ratio of barium to zinc of 10: 1. The effectiveness of the additives increases when ethylene glycol monomethyl ether is added to the fuel (US Patent No. 3639109, CL C10L 1/18, 1/30, 1972).

With prolonged use of barium additives, carbon formation in the combustion chamber and on the spray nozzles increases, which worsens the operation of the engine. When using barium additives, corrosion is intensified in the high and low temperature zones of the gas path of the engine. In addition, barium compounds are highly toxic and cause brain disease.

In addition to this additive, an anti-smoke additive is known, which is a mixture of centapentadienyltricarbonyl manganese with dehydrated castor oil, lecithin and a solvent in the following ratio, wt.%: Manganese cyclopentadienyltricarbonyl 15-25; dehydrated castor oil 10-20; lecithin 8-15; solvent rest. As a solvent, commonly available organic compounds can be used — aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers (RF Patent No. 20091755, class C10L 1/18, 1/30, 1994). This composition, suppressing smoke formation up to 36%, allows you to maintain this indicator during the long-term operation of the engine, while the stability of the additive depending on the type of fuel increases by 3-10 times, and the corrosivity of the exhaust gases decreases slightly.

In addition, this anti-smoke additive has limited use due to the formation of sulfur deposits on engine parts.

An object of the invention is to reduce the emission of carbon monoxide and the creation of an environmentally friendly fuel additive.

The problem is solved in an anti-smoke additive, including the coordination compound of rare-earth elements - decaqua-2-sulfobenzoate erbium.

This additive is an individual substance, thereby simplifying its use. Also, when using this additive, organic components are not used, which during combustion form harmful substances, thus, the additive is more environmentally friendly. The use of the coordination compound of rare-earth elements - decaqua-2-sulfobenzoate erbium can reduce smoke formation by 38-45% and reduce carbon monoxide emissions by 34-45%.

The method of preparation of the claimed additive composition Er ₂ (C ₇ H ₄ O ₅ S) ₃ · 10H ₂ O is as follows:

To the dry erbium acetate Er (CH ₃ COO) ₃ · 4H ₂ O of the grade “chemically pure”, o-sulfobenzoic acid C ₇ H ₆ O ₅ S was added in small portions until almost all of the acetate had dissolved. In this case, the pH of the solution should not be lower than 5. The solution was filtered off from excess acetate, evaporated almost to dryness. The precipitated salt was washed with ethyl alcohol and kept in air until constant weight.

The obtained additives were dissolved in diesel fuel (0.10-0.15 wt.%) And subjected to further tests. The influence of the proposed anti-smoke additive on the content of carbon monoxide and soot in the exhaust gas of a diesel engine was studied in an experimental setup consisting of a 4CH 11 / 12.5 diesel engine and a break-in brake stand KI-5543 GOSNITI with an electric machine AKB-82-4UZ with a power of 55 kW and synchronous rotor speed of 1500 rpm ^-1 , designed for running in and testing engines of this type. The content of carbon monoxide and soot in the diesel exhaust gas was determined by the gas analyzer AUTOTEST - 01.04 "META", (serial number No. 9053). During the tests, the diesel worked on diesel fuel L-0.2-40 GOST305-82.

The installation was carried out as follows:

- the set engine operation mode was set;

- number of revolutions: 1600-1800 revolutions per minute;

- load - 0-20 kW;

- the engine warmed up for 45 minutes on the test fuel until the temperature of the coolants and exhaust gases stabilized;

- the temperature of the coolants - water and oil - was maintained in the range of 90 ± 5 ° C;

- At the same time, the concentrations of harmful substances in the exhaust gases and the smoke of the exhaust gases were measured.

The test results of diesel fuel and diesel fuel with anti-smoke additive samples at different loads and engine speeds of 1600 and 1800 min ^-1 are shown in the tables: in table 1 - smoke (%) in the fuel and in table 2 - carbon monoxide content (%) in fuel. From tables 1 and 2 it can be seen that when Er ₂ (C ₇ H ₄ O ₅ S) ₃ · 10H ₂ O is added to diesel fuel with an increase in the load and engine speed of the diesel crankshaft, the content of carbon monoxide and smoke decreases .

Thus, the advantages of the claimed anti-smoke additives are:

- a significant reduction in smoke and carbon monoxide concentrations;

- ease of preparation;

- multifunctionality (possibility of application for various types of fuels);

- environmental Safety.

Table 1 Test fuel Speed n min ^-1 1600 1800 load, N, kW load, N, kW 0 5 10 fifteen twenty 0 5 10 fifteen twenty Diesel fuel (l) 0.14 0.11 0.08 0.09 0.13 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.11 0.13 Diesel + decaqua-2-sulfobenzoate erbium 0.08 0,07 0.06 0.08 0.11 0.06 0,07 0.05 0.06 0.08

table 2 Test fuel Speed n min ^-1 1600 1800 load, N, kW load, N, kW 0 5 10 fifteen twenty 0 5 10 fifteen twenty Diesel fuel (l) 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.16 0.15 0.13 0.11 0.14 0.15 Diesel + decaqua-2-sulfobenzoate erbium 0.10 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.12 0,07 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.11

Claims (1)

Anti-smoke additive, including coordination compound of rare-earth elements - decaqua-2-sulfobenzoate erbium.