RU2369083C1 - Root chopper - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural engineering and can be used for fodder preparation. The chopper comprises a loading mouth, two opposite blade walls with zigzagging blades and a mechanism for the blade walls travelling. The casing comprises a parallelogram-shaped chopping chamber. The blade walls can move cyclically towards each other on the bearing rolls and guiding grooves due to the reciprocating movements of a handle along the guiding pins and movable half-shafts of the hinge connected double-arm levers which are sliding in the casing slots. The casing slots are equipped by the upper limiters. The blades in the blade walls are set vertically at the cutting angle of the processed material with sliding.

EFFECT: chopper reduces the root structure destruction and decreases production of juice during chopping.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to machines for fodder preparation, is intended for grinding root crops and can be used in individual farming and peasant farms, as well as in the food industry.

Known chopper root crops, which is intended for cutting root crops into plates. It contains a loading neck, a bed and a cutting apparatus made in the form of fixed knives and a clamping mechanism, the knives are mounted on intersecting walls with the possibility of forming a Y-shaped grinding chamber, and the clamping mechanism is made in the form of a vertical plate mounted on a horizontal hinge and equipped with a movement mechanism (one).

The disadvantage of this device is that the Y-shaped grinding chamber is formed by intersecting fixed knife walls. This leads to increased energy consumption by the clamping mechanism, made in the form of a pushing plate due to friction of root crops against the walls of the chamber, destruction of the structure of root crops when they are moved by the pushing plate, accompanied by high juice separation.

Known root crop chopper, in which the grinding chamber is made in a rectangular shape, and the knives are grouped in a zigzag pattern in two opposite knife walls, both knife walls are made with the possibility of cyclic movement along the guides towards each other, while the protrusions of the plates of one knife wall are made coincident with the hollows of the plates another knife wall (2).

The disadvantage of this grinder is that the possibility of cyclic movement of the knife walls along the guides towards each other is provided by the action of two hydraulic cylinders, each of which is pivotally fixed at one end to the body and the other end to elongated axles. Such a drive causes the need for external energy sources, complicates the design of the grinder, reduces its reliability and performance.

The objective of the invention is to reduce energy costs, the degree of destruction of the structure of root crops and the reduction of juice production in the grinding chamber.

The problem is solved in that, unlike the prototype, the body has a grinding chamber in the form of a parallelogram, and the knife walls are made with the possibility of cyclic movement along the support rollers and guide grooves towards each other due to the reciprocating movements of the handle along the guide fingers and sliding along the slots of the body movable axles of articulated two-arm levers having upper stops, while the knives in the knife walls are installed vertically at an angle of cutting of the processed material on the slip.

Figure 1 schematically shows a chopper of root crops, a General view of the initial position; figure 2 is a General view in the final position; figure 3 is a top view; figure 4 is a section aa.

The chopper contains a loading neck 1 (Fig. 1), passing into the casing 2 with supports 3. In the casing 2 of the grinder there is a grinding chamber 4 in the form of a parallelogram, and the knives 5 are grouped by the upper 6 and lower 7 (Figs. 3 and 4) plates in two oppositely located knife walls 8 and 9 with the possibility of cyclic movement along the guide grooves 10 and the support rollers 11 (figure 1) towards each other by means of a movement mechanism. Guide grooves 10 are fixedly mounted on two sides of the casing 2, in which there are supporting rollers 11. The knives 5 in the knife walls 8 and 9 are mounted in a zigzag pattern on the horizontal plates 6 and 7, while the knives 5 are mounted to the plates 6 and 7 at an angle of cutting of root crops with by sliding.

The cyclic movement of the knife walls along the guide grooves 10 and the support rollers 11 towards each other is carried out thanks to the axles 12 of the vertical sides of the knife walls 13, the slots 14 of the housing 2 under the action of two-arm pivotally mounted levers 15 with stops 16 and the handle 17 with the guide fingers 18. In the lower part case 2 there are unloading windows 19 (figure 2) for unloading crushed root crops in the receiving tank 20.

The device operates as follows. Root crops through the loading neck 1 enter the grinding chamber 4. Knife 8 and 9 walls under the action of the handle 17, moving downward in the guide fingers 18, two-arm levers 15, axle shafts 12 and grooves 14 pivotally connected to it move towards each other. Root crops penetrate through both knife walls, crushing into slices of the required thickness. In this case, the protrusions of the plates 6 and 7 of one knife wall go into the hollows of the plates of the other knife wall, which leads to complete grinding of all root crops located between the knife walls (figure 2). Due to the fact that the knives 5 are installed in the knife walls 8 and 9 at an angle of cutting material with a slip, energy consumption is sharply reduced. At the same time, the root crops in the cutting chamber do not move relative to the walls of the chopper, which also leads to a reduction in energy costs. This reduces the degree of destruction of the structure of root crops and reduces juice production in the grinding chamber. When the handle 17 moves upward, the knife walls 8 and 9 begin to move again towards each other until the two-arm levers reach the stops 16. At the same time, the chopped root crops move with the knife walls 8 and 9 to the discharge windows 19 and enter the receiving tank 20. The process repeated.

The present invention allows the process of grinding root crops with minimal destruction of their structure, without abundant juice, with reduced energy consumption.

The root crop chopper can be easily implemented in agricultural production.

Information sources

1. A.S. USSR No. 1611265, A01F 29/00, 1990.

2. RF patent No. 2239308, 7 A01F 29/08, В02С 18/02, 2004 (prototype).

Claims (1)

A root crop chopper containing a loading neck passing into the body, two opposed knife walls with zigzag mounted knives and a knife wall moving mechanism, characterized in that the body has a grinding chamber in the form of a parallelogram, and the knife walls are made with the possibility of cyclic movement along the supporting rollers and guide grooves towards each other, thanks to the reciprocating movements of the handle along the guide fingers and sliding along the slots of the housing movable semi-axes of articulated two-arm levers having upper stops, while the knives in the knife walls are mounted vertically at a cutting angle of the processed material with sliding.

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