RU2361089C1 - Rotor-piston engine (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention is related to propulsion engineering. Rotor-piston engine comprises fixed hollow body and rotor with radial slots installed in body with the possibility to rotate coaxially to internal working surface of body. Internal working surface of body is arranged as cylindrical with guide in the form of ellipse. In rotor either four radial slots or larger even number of slot sis arranged. Slots are arranged evenly along rotor circumference. Blades are installed in radial slots of rotor in amount equal to number of radial slots, with the possibility of motion in these slots and sliding of their working faces on internal working surface of body in process of rotor rotation. Elements of working medium feed or elements of gas exchange are located in body walls. Elements of working medium feed are located in tops of ellipse small axis. Elements of gas exchange are located with displacement from elements of working medium feed by angle that does not exceed 45 in direction opposite to direction of rotor rotation. Internal working surface of body may be arranged as cylindrical with guide in the shape of figure created by external parts of contours of two superimposed ellipses, centers of symmetry of which coincide, and appropriate axes are installed under right angle to each other, and arched lines that provide for smooth matching of specified external parts of contours of two ellipses in conventional points of their contours crossing. ^ EFFECT: elimination of rotor eccentricity relative to internal working surface of body. ^ 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of engine manufacturing, namely to rotary piston engines, and can be used in power engineering, diesel locomotive, shipbuilding, aviation and tractor and automotive.

State of the art

Known rotary piston Wankel engine, comprising a cylindrical housing (stator) and a trihedral rotor piston. The inner surface of the body (cylinder) in cross section is made according to the epitrochoid. Inside the case, a triangular rotor-piston moves, which constantly divides the chamber into working areas in which inlet, compression, stroke and exhaust occur. The role of the pistons is played by three sides of the rotor, and seals are installed at the corners of the rotor. The rotor piston is mounted freely on the shaft eccentric and is connected to the gearwheel with internal teeth rolling around the stationary gear with the external teeth, the axis of which coincides with the axis of the eccentric shaft (Rotary-piston engines [collection of articles]. State Union Scientific and Research Tractor Institute ( Proceedings of NATI), Issue 179. M .: ONTI, 1968 (p. 11-14).

Signs that are common to the known and claimed solutions are the presence of a hollow body with a cylindrical inner surface and installed inside the body with the possibility of rotation of the rotor.

The reason that prevents obtaining the required technical result in a known technical solution is that the rotor (rotor-piston) is mounted on the cam eccentric and is connected to the gear by internal teeth rolling around the stationary gear with external teeth, the axis of which coincides with the axis of the eccentric shaft .

The closest analogue (prototype) is a rotary piston internal combustion engine containing a housing, the inner working surface of which is made in the form of a direct circular cylinder with two end caps, a rotor eccentrically mounted in the housing and having radial grooves in which the blades are mounted for movement in these grooves and sliding with their working faces along the inner working surface of the housing during the rotation of the rotor, as well as the fuel supply and gas exchange systems, while the rotor the housing is made of solid carbon-carbon composite or heat-resistant ceramic, the blades are in the form of a package of plates of carbon-graphite composition, and the combustion chambers are made in the form of cylindrical or spherical recesses in the body of the rotor between the grooves (Patent RU No. 20111866 C1, M. cl. F02B 53/00, published 1990.04.30).

Signs that are common to the known and claimed solutions are the presence of a cylindrical housing, a rotor with radial grooves mounted in the housing for rotation, and blades mounted in radial grooves of the rotor with the ability to move in these grooves and slide their working faces along the inner working the surface of the housing during the rotation of the rotor, as well as the presence of the working fluid supply elements and gas exchange elements located in the housing wall.

The reason that prevents obtaining the required technical result in a known technical solution is that the inner working surface of the housing is made in the form of a straight circular cylinder, and the rotor is mounted with an eccentricity relative to the axis of symmetry of the inner working surface of the housing, which causes a significant imbalance in the internal forces of the engine.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The problem to which the invention is directed is to reduce the action of internal unbalanced forces on the engine during the rotation of the rotor.

The technical result that mediates the solution of this problem is to eliminate the eccentricity of the rotor relative to the inner working surface of the housing.

The technical result is achieved in the first embodiment of the invention in that the engine comprises a stationary hollow body, the inner working surface of which is cylindrical with an elliptical guide, a rotor with radial grooves mounted in the housing for rotation coaxially with the inner working surface of the housing, while in the rotor either four radial grooves are made, or a larger even number of grooves that are evenly spaced around the circumference of the rotor, blades mounted in the radial grooves of the rotor in an amount equal to the number of radial grooves, with the possibility of moving in these grooves and sliding with their working faces along the inner working surface of the housing during the rotation of the rotor, as well as the working fluid supply elements and gas exchange elements located in the housing wall, while the working fluid supply elements are located at the vertices of the minor axis of the ellipse, and the gas exchange elements are offset from the feed elements of the working fluid by an angle not exceeding 45 ° in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotor.

The technical result is achieved in the second embodiment of the invention in that the engine comprises a stationary hollow body, the inner working surface of which is cylindrical with a guide in the form of a figure formed by the external parts of the contours of two ellipses superimposed on each other, the symmetry centers of which coincide, and the corresponding axes are located under the straight angle to each other, and arcuate lines that ensure smooth conjugation of these external parts of the contours of two ellipses at the conditional points of their intersection to nturov, a rotor with radial grooves mounted in the housing with the possibility of rotation coaxially with the inner working surface of the housing, while the rotor is made either eight radial grooves, or a larger even number of grooves that are evenly spaced around the circumference of the rotor, the blades mounted in the radial grooves of the rotor in an amount equal to the number of radial grooves, with the possibility of moving in these grooves and sliding with their working faces along the inner working surface of the housing during rotation of the rotor, as well as the working fluid supply and gas exchange elements located in the wall of the casing, while the working fluid supply elements are displaced from said conditional points in the direction of rotor rotation by an angle not exceeding 23 °, gas exchange elements are displaced from said conditional points in the direction opposite to the rotation of the rotor, at an angle not exceeding 25 °.

New features of the claimed technical solution according to the first embodiment of the invention are in the case in the form of an ellipse (in cross section), the location of the working fluid supply elements at the vertices of the small axis of the ellipse, as well as the arrangement of gas exchange elements offset from the working fluid supply elements by an angle not exceeding 45 ° in the opposite direction to the rotation of the rotor.

New features of the claimed technical solution according to the second embodiment of the invention consist in the execution of the inner working surface of the housing in its cross section in the form of a figure formed by the external parts of the contours of two ellipses superimposed on each other, the centers of symmetry of which coincide, and the corresponding axes are located at right angles to each other , and arcuate lines that ensure smooth conjugation of these external parts of the contours of two ellipses at the conditional points of intersection of their contours; in addition, the working fluid supply elements are located with an offset from the conditional points in the direction of rotation of the rotor by an angle not exceeding 23 °, the gas exchange elements are located with an offset from the conditional points in the direction opposite to the rotor rotation, by an angle not exceeding 25 °.

List of drawings

Figure 1 schematically shows a first embodiment of a rotary piston engine, the inner working surface of the housing of which in cross section is made in the form of an ellipse; figure 2 schematically shows a second embodiment of a rotary piston engine, the inner working surface of the housing of which in cross section is made in the form of a figure formed by the external parts of the contours of two ellipses superimposed on each other, the centers of symmetry of which coincide, and the corresponding axes are located at right angles to each other to a friend, and arcuate lines that ensure smooth conjugation of these external parts of the contours of two ellipses at the conditional intersection points of their contours.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention

The engine according to the first embodiment of the invention (Fig. 1) comprises a fixed hollow body 1, the inner surface 2 of which is made cylindrical with a guide in the form of an ellipse (i.e., in cross section, surface 2 has the shape of an ellipse, and the ends are covered by roofs); a rotor 3 in which four radial grooves 4 are made; four blades 5, 6, 7 and 8 installed in said grooves 4 with the possibility of moving in these grooves and sliding with their working faces along the inner surface 2 of the housing 1; elements 9 feed the working fluid; gas exchange elements 10.

The rotor 3 is installed in the housing 1 coaxially with its inner cylindrical surface 2 (i.e., the center of the ellipse of the cross section of the surface 2 and the center of the circumference of the cross section of the rotor 3 are the same, this is the center "O" in figure 1). The grooves 4 and, respectively, the blades 5-8 are evenly spaced around the circumference of the cross section of the rotor 3. The minimum number of blades, as shown in figure 1, four. In this case, the angle between any two adjacent blades is 90 °, and the angle between the opposite blades is 180 °. The working fluid supply elements 9 are installed in the housing 1 at the vertices of the minor axis 11 of the ellipse of the working surface 2, and the gas exchange elements 10 are installed in the housing 1 with an offset from the working fluid supply elements 9 by an angle not exceeding 45 ° in the direction opposite to the rotation of the rotor 3 ( the direction of rotation is shown in FIG. 1 by an arched arrow). The number of blades can be more than four, but always even. The blades should be evenly spaced around the circumference of the rotor's cross section. When this blade is installed in the grooves 4 with spring-loaded in the direction from the axis of the rotor. This springing is provided by installing corresponding springs (not shown) in the grooves 4 and / or supplying gas under pressure in the grooves 4 (exhaust gases can be used).

The operation of the rotary piston engine according to the first embodiment of the invention is as follows.

In the initial position of the rotor 3 (as shown in Fig. 1), its pair of oppositely directed blades (in Fig. 1 these are blades 5 and 7) should be located between the corresponding elements 9 of the supply of the working fluid and the corresponding elements 10 of gas exchange, so that the elements 9 of the supply of the working bodies (there are two of these elements in the considered example) between the corresponding adjacent blades (i.e., one element 9 should be between the blades 5 and 6, and the other between the blades 7 and 8), while the gas exchange elements 10 should not be between those e corresponding adjacent blades. The space between adjacent blades 5 and 6 forms one working chamber (let's call it the first), and the space between other adjacent blades 7 and 8 forms a second working chamber. If the specified condition for the initial location of the blades at the time of starting the engine is not fulfilled, then the starter (not shown) provides for the forced rotation of the rotor 3 to ensure the mentioned location of the blades. In this position of the rotor 3 by means of elements 9, the working fluid is fed into the internal cavity of the housing 1 from two sides of this housing into two working spaces (into the first working chamber, i.e. into the space between adjacent blades 5 and 6 and into the second working chamber, i.e., into the space between adjacent blades 7 and 8). As a working fluid, gasoline or diesel fuel flammable in a mixture with air or air or other gas (or steam) compressed to high pressure can be used. In the latter case, as shown in FIG. 1, a gas generator 12 (or a steam generator), a receiver 13 and a throttle 14, through which the receiver 13 is connected to the elements 9 (nozzles), are provided in the engine design. Generally speaking, fuel and oxidizer nozzles, compressed gas supply, spark plugs, etc. can be used as elements 9 for supplying a working fluid.

The working fluid, which is under high pressure in the first and second working chambers, exerts different pressure on the adjacent blades of each working chamber due to the elliptical shape of the surface 2 in its cross section and, for this reason, different extension of adjacent blades. The resulting pressure differences cause the rotor to rotate clockwise. When the rotor 3 is rotated through an angle of 90 °, the first blade of each working chamber (the blade 6 of the first working chamber and the blade 8 of the second working chamber) passes the corresponding location point of the corresponding gas exchange element 10, as a result of which gas from each working chamber freely exits. Next, the cycle repeats. Moreover, due to the structural symmetry and symmetry of the processes occurring in the engine, all internal forces arising during the operation of the engine are balanced in pairs.

Two engine operating modes are possible: internal combustion engine mode and external combustion engine mode. In the first mode, the mixture of fuel and oxidizer using elements 9 is fed into two working chambers (combustion chambers between the blades 5-6 and 7-8), where this mixture burns and the gases formed as a result of this combustion rotate the rotor 3. In this case, it is possible to realize both the Carnot cycle and the Diesel cycle. In the second mode, the mixture of fuel and oxidizer is supplied to the gas generator 12, where this mixture is burned, the resulting gases are accumulated in the receiver 13 and from there through the control choke 14 the gas enters through the elements 9 into two working chambers (the chamber between the blades 5 and 6 and the chamber between the blades 7 and 8) where the given gas rotates the rotor 3 due to its expansion. Moreover, instead of the gas formed by burning fuel, water vapor generated by the steam generator 12 can be used.

In the engine in question, there are no suction and compression cycles, and the exhaust cycle occurs without the use of additional parts. In addition, there is no need to use inlet and outlet valves, as well as their drive; the gas distribution mechanism is completely excluded (see patent RU No. 55046). The formation of two or more working chambers is possible and, as a result, the organization of two or more working cycles per revolution of the rotor is possible.

The engine according to the second embodiment of the invention (Fig. 2) differs from the engine according to the first embodiment primarily in the shape of the guide of the inner cylindrical surface of the housing: this guide is a figure formed by the outer parts 15, 16, 17 and 18 of the contours of two ellipses superimposed on each other, the centers the symmetries of which coincide (center “O”), and the corresponding axes are located at right angles to each other, and four arcuate lines 19, ensuring smooth conjugation of these external parts of the contours of two ellipses in conditional points 20 of the intersection of their contours (in Fig.2, the mentioned external parts of the ellipse contours are shown by solid lines, and the corresponding internal parts by dashed lines). In addition, the rotor 21 has at least eight radial blades 22 (eight blades are shown in FIG. 2, but there may be more, but an even number), which are evenly spaced around the circumference of the rotor (i.e., with eight blades, the angle between any two adjacent blades is 45 °, and the angle between opposing blades is 180 °). Elements 23 of the supply of the working fluid are installed in the housing 1 at four points with an offset from the mentioned conditional points 20 in the direction of rotation of the rotor by an angle not exceeding 23 °, and the gas exchange elements 24 are located at four points of the body with an offset from the mentioned conditional points 20 in the direction opposite to the rotation of the rotor, at an angle not exceeding 25 °.

The operation of the rotary piston engine according to the second embodiment of the invention is similar to the operation of the engine according to the first embodiment of the invention, adjusted for double the number of blades, feed elements of the working fluid and gas exchange elements.

Claims (2)

1. A rotary piston engine containing a stationary hollow body, the inner working surface of which is cylindrical with a guide in the form of an ellipse, a rotor with radial grooves mounted in the housing with the possibility of rotation coaxially with the inner working surface of the housing, while in the rotor there are either four radial groove, or a larger even number of grooves that are evenly spaced around the circumference of the rotor, blades installed in the radial grooves of the rotor in an amount equal to the number of radial grooves, s the possibility of moving in these grooves and sliding with their working faces along the inner working surface of the housing during rotor rotation, as well as the working fluid supply elements and gas exchange elements located in the housing wall, while the working fluid supply elements are located at the vertices of the small axis of the ellipse, and the elements gas exchange are located with an offset from the supply elements of the working fluid at an angle not exceeding 45 ° in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotor. 2. A rotary piston engine containing a stationary hollow body, the inner working surface of which is cylindrical with a guide in the form of a figure formed by the external parts of the contours of two ellipses superimposed on each other, the centers of symmetry of which coincide, and the corresponding axes are located at right angles to each other , and curved lines that ensure smooth conjugation of these external parts of the contours of two ellipses at the conditional intersection points of their contours, a rotor with radial grooves installed in the casing can rotate coaxially with the inner working surface of the casing, while in the rotor there are either eight radial grooves or a larger even number of grooves that are evenly spaced around the circumference of the rotor, blades installed in the radial grooves of the rotor in an amount equal to the number of radial grooves, s the ability to move in these grooves and slide their working faces along the inner working surface of the housing during the rotation of the rotor, as well as the supply elements of the working fluid and gas exchange elements, located in the wall of the housing, while the feed elements of the working fluid are offset from the mentioned conditional points in the direction of rotation of the rotor by an angle not exceeding 23 °, the gas exchange elements are offset from the mentioned conditional points in the opposite direction of the rotation of the rotor, by an angle not exceeding 25 °.

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