RU2011866C1 - Rotor internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engine engineering. SUBSTANCE: rotor with radial slots wherein blades are received is eccentrically mounted within a case. The rotor and case are one-piece and made of fiber carbon-carbon composition or heat-resistant ceramic, and the blades are made of a stack of plates made of carbon- graphite composition. Inner surfaces of parts of the engine are covered with a layer of carbide silicon. As the result the engine can operate effectively without forced cooling and fluid lubricant. There is a rotor between the slots of the combustion chambers, which is made of cylindrical or spherical hollows and provides effective burning of fuel owing to swirling motion of charge. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency and longevity, simplified design and decreased in sizes. 2 cl, 12 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of engine building, namely to rotary engines, and can be used in power engineering, diesel locomotive, shipbuilding, aviation, and tractor and automotive.

 Many designs of rotary internal combustion engines are known: the Cooley engine (USA), Ampleby (England), Valinder and Skog (Sweden), and Wankel (Germany). These engines are not widely used due to kinematic and technological complexity, difficulties in compaction, cooling, lubrication and mixture formation. All these disadvantages reduce reliability, engine life, engine efficiency.

 The prototype is the design of a rotary internal combustion engine, comprising a cylindrical body with two end caps, an eccentrically mounted rotor with radial grooves in the body, in which the blades are located, as well as fuel supply and gas exchange systems.

 The disadvantage of this design is the overly complex and bulky rotor device with internal cavities, a gear drive and cam camshafts, as well as a complex gas distribution, sealing and cooling system. All this reduces the reliability and efficiency of the engine, increases the cost of its manufacture, assembly, adjustment.

 The aim of the invention is to increase efficiency, compactness and simplification of design.

 This goal is achieved due to the fact that the rotary internal combustion engine has a continuous rotor with two or more blades, between which spherical or cylindrical combustion chambers are made in the rotor, the cylindrical rotor is eccentrically located in the cylindrical body.

 The method of operation of the rotary internal combustion engine is organized in such a way that the compression process occurs when the rotor rotates in the cavity between two adjacent blades, including the cavity of the combustion chamber, and the combustion process occurs mainly in the cavity of the combustion chamber, as well as in the cavity between the blades when they the position of the maximum compression of the portion of the working fluid.

 The torque on the rotor shaft is created due to the difference in gas pressure forces on the more extended and less extended blades. The process of mixture formation takes place in the combustion chamber of a cylindrical or spherical shape, as well as in the space between the blades with the formation of the vortex motion of the fuel flame or air-fuel mixture.

 The proposed design of the rotary engine and the method of its operation can implement both a four-stroke and a two-stroke cycle of an internal combustion engine (diesel or carburetor).

 In FIG. 1 and 2 show a longitudinal and cross section of a rotary machine made in the form of a four-stroke two-bladed internal combustion engine; in FIG. 3-11 - engine operation order and processes occurring in the engine for two full rotor rotations; in FIG. 12 is a cross section of a rotary engine made in the form of a two-stroke four-blade rotary internal combustion engine.

 A rotary engine in the form of a four-stroke two-bladed ICE (Fig. 1 and 2) includes a fixed cylindrical housing (stator) 1, an eccentrically located rotor 2 with blades 3, two end caps 4 with bearings 5 of the shaft 6 of the rotor 2, inlet 7 and exhaust 8 valves, camshafts 9.10, fuel injector 11, intake manifold 12, exhaust manifold 13, high pressure fuel pump, turbo or drive supercharger, auxiliary drive units (not shown). A spark plug can be installed instead of the nozzle, and a carburetor instead of the high-pressure fuel pump. In the rotor 2 there are combustion chambers 14 of a spherical or cylindrical shape and radial grooves 15 for moving the blades 3.

 The rotary engine consists of a housing 1 with valves 7 and 8 located in it, a fuel injector 11 (or a spark plug) and camshafts 9,10 mounted on it, a high pressure fuel pump (or carburetor), an air blower, an intake manifold 12 and an exhaust by the collector 13. End caps 4 are attached to the housing 1, a shaft 6 is installed in the bearings 5, rotor 2 which is eccentrically located relative to the housing 2. In the rotor 2, blades 3 are located in the radial grooves. I have a spherical or cylindrical shape.

 The processes occurring with the working fluid are indicated in FIG. 3-11 as follows: I - filling; II - compression; III - working stroke; IV - issue. The work cycle is organized as follows.

When the rotor is rotated clockwise at the initial time, the inlet and outlet valves are open and the lower cavity is purged (Fig. 3). Continued rotation of the rotor left I filling process begins cavity (FIG. 4) at a pressure P _a or P _n. The filling process I ends when the rotor rotates 180 ^about (Fig. 5). In this case, a purge occurs in the lower cavity (Fig. 5). Over the next 180 ^° rotation of the rotor, the exhaust valve is closed and compression process II occurs in the right cavity (Fig. 6).

The left cavity (FIG. 6) occurs filling process I. Processes II compression to a pressure P _b I and end filling with a rotor rotation through ³⁶⁰ ° from the initial position (FIG. 7). This closes the inlet valve, injects fuel (or ignites the air-fuel mixture from the spark plug), ignites and burns the air-fuel mixture (Fig. 7), increases the pressure to the maximum combustion pressure P _z .

At the next 180 ^° rotation of the rotor in the left cavity (Fig. 8), the combustion products expand — working stroke III, the pressure decreases to P _b . In the right cavity (Fig. 8), the compression process II occurs. These processes end when the rotor rotates 540 ^about from the initial position (Fig. 9). At this point, in the lower cavity (Fig. 9), fuel is injected, ignition and combustion of the air-fuel mixture of another portion.

Over the next 180 ^° rotation of the rotor, the exhaust valve opens, in the right cavity (Fig. 10), the exhaust process IV is released, and in the left cavity (Fig. 10), the working stroke III. In this case, the cycle of the rotary four-stroke two-bladed ICE is completed (Fig. 11) and a new one begins.

 In FIG. 12 shows a cross section of a rotary engine in the form of a two-stroke four-blade rotary internal combustion engine, including a stationary cylindrical body (stator) 1, end caps with bearings (not shown), an eccentrically located rotor 2 with recesses 16 and slots 17, blades 3, rotor shaft 6, channels 18.19 gas distribution, manifolds 20.21 air supply and gas outlet, nozzle 11 (or spark plug), a high pressure fuel pump with a drive mechanism or a carburetor (not shown).

 The rotary engine consists of a cylindrical housing 1 with gas distribution channels 18.19 and a fuel nozzle 11 (or a spark plug) located therein. End caps with bearings (not shown) are attached to the housing using studs. In the bearings, the shaft 6 of the rotor 2 is eccentric with respect to the housing. Slots 17 are made in the rotor for moving the blades 3. The combustion chambers are made between the blades in the rotor body in the form of cylindrical or spherical recesses 16. Headers 20.21, a high pressure fuel pump (or carburetor) and a drive or turbocharger are attached to the body shown).

The operation of the rotary engine occurs in the following order. As the rotor rotates clockwise at the time of alignment with the space between lobes 19 channel occurs cavity filling with fresh charge air at a pressure P _a or P _n, purge cavities and partial loss of charge through the channel 18. After the cavity ceases to be communicated with the channel 18 extends only the filling process. When the cavity between the blades ceases to communicate with the channel 19, the compression process begins, continuing 120-130 ^{about the} rotation of the rotor and ends when the position (c) reaches the minimum volume of the cavity between the blades (in Fig. 12 - in the lower position) with increasing pressure to P _with . At this moment, a portion of fuel is injected through the nozzle 11 (or the air-fuel mixture is ignited from the spark plug), after which the fuel is burned cz with increasing pressure to P _z and the subsequent expansion process zb before the opening of channels 18. The expansion process continues for 120- 130 ^{about the} rotation of the rotor to a pressure of P _b . When the channels 18 are opened, the exhaust gas process ba occurs with a pressure drop from P _b to P _a . With further rotation of the rotor, the cavity is connected to the channels 19, the cycle ends and a new one begins. Similar processes are repeated in other adjacent inter-blade working volumes.

 Thus, in a two-stroke four-bladed rotary engine, four flashes and four duty cycles occur during one revolution of the engine. With n blades, at full engine revolution, n fuel injections occur and, accordingly, n duty cycles.

 In the manufacture of cylinders, rotors made of ceramics or carbon-carbon composites, and blades of blades made of graphite composites, a rotary engine can operate efficiently without forced cooling and without liquid lubrication.

When using carbon-carbon composites with a low coefficient of thermal expansion (up to 10 ^-7 ) to increase the service life of the inner surface of the cylinder, the outer surface of the rotor can be coated with an oxide-protective film of pyrolytic carbon, silicon carbide, etc.

 The technical and economic efficiency of the proposed design of the rotary machine is that due to the simplification of the design and method of operation, the organization of ignition in the inner inter-blade cavity and the combustion chamber and the swirling motion of the charge, and the reduction in weight and size characteristics, the engine is more economical and its reliability and engine life are increased. The proposed design of the rotary machine is promising for transport and rescue systems in connection with sharply reduced weight and size characteristics (5-10 times) compared with traditional piston engines in metal design.

с диаметром цилиндра 150 мм, диаметром ротора 120 мм, установленный с эксцентриситетом 12 мм с четырьмя лопастями, выполненными из углерод-углеродного композита.An example of the proposed design of the internal combustion engine is an experimental rotary engine brand RPD-4-

with a cylinder diameter of 150 mm, a rotor diameter of 120 mm, mounted with an eccentricity of 12 mm with four blades made of a carbon-carbon composite.

Claims (2)

 1. A ROTARY INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, comprising a cylindrical housing with two end caps, an eccentrically mounted rotor with radial grooves in the housing, in which the blades are located, as well as fuel supply and gas exchange systems, characterized in that the rotor and the housing are made of solid carbon-carbon fiber composite or heat-resistant ceramics, blades - in the form of a package of plates of carbon-graphite composition, and in the body of the rotor between the grooves there are combustion chambers in the form of cylindrical or spherical recesses.  2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer surface of the rotor, the inner surface of the housing and the side surfaces of the plates are additionally coated with a layer of silicon carbide.

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