RU2291249C1 - Hydraulic buffer ice cutter system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ice cutting equipment, particularly ice cutters adapted to prevent ice jams and water floods caused by ice jams.

SUBSTANCE: ice cutter system comprises inclined ice cutters made as inclined concrete bars supported by bearing panels. The panels are provided with depressions for concrete bar receiving and with concrete bar fastening orifices. One depression is higher than other one so that 25-35° angle is defined between the beam and bearing panel plane. The bearing platforms are installed on floating platforms. The floating platforms are composed of entire tree lengths connected with each other in parallel to river bed edge beginning from summer water line and spaced 30-50 m apart.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of ice cutting, ice jam and water flood prevention.

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Description

The invention relates to ice engineering, in particular to ice-breaking devices, and can be used to prevent the occurrence of congestion and to prevent flooding arising from congestion on rivers.

It is well known that during spring ice drift in narrow places, on sharp bends of river beds, in front of hydraulic structures, the likelihood of congestion is quite high.

During the rise of water in the river, the middle level of the river in relation to the coastal level increases in the first place. As a result, all objects floating on the river, gradually nailed to the shore. Lighter objects, including small ice floes, beats back with coastal whirlpools. And large ice floes under the influence of its gravity, course, topography and soil composition ashore. They form the base of the mash. The subsequent large ice floe rests on this base, its speed slows down, it begins to unfold. Another large ice floe, floating along the other shore, catches up with the previous one and wedges it. The result is an ice arched, very durable structure. The subsequent chaotic heap of ice blocks the flow of water. Water begins to rise sharply, pushing and compressing the ice further and further to the shore. A congestion forms.

Causes of congestion:

- during the ice drift, the height of the mid-level of the river rises in relation to the coastal level;

- the higher the air temperature, the stronger the water arrives and the higher the average level of the river;

- The topography and the soil of the river are of great importance: in sandy or clay places congestion occurs more often.

The most common way to deal with spring congestion is still the destruction of ice by explosions. This causes irreparable environmental damage.

Known devices for the destruction of ice, which are supplied with bridge piers, including inclined mounted ice cutters (Bridges and structures on the roads. Part 2. Gibshman E.E. et al. 2nd ed., Revised. And additional Transport company) , 1972, p.174-175; Materials of conferences and meetings on hydraulic engineering. Ice-thermal phenomena and their accounting during the construction of waterworks and hydraulic structures. L., Energy, Leningrad Branch, 1979, p.131).

The disadvantages of the known devices are that they are installed permanently, made monolithic, they protect the bridge supports, but do not prevent congestion.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of destruction and prevent the formation of congestion in problem areas of the river.

The technical result obtained by the implementation of the invention is to prevent devastating floods threatening the lives of people in areas of congestion.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the hydrobuffer system of ice cutters, including inclined mounted ice cutters, according to the invention, the ice cutters are made in the form of inclined concrete beams, each of which is mounted on base plates in which slots for inclined concrete beams are made, one of which is so much higher than the other that the angle between the beam and the plane of the base plates is 25-35 °, and the holes for their fastening, while the base plates are mounted on floating platforms from interconnected whole rails tree of timber parallel to the coastal edge, 30-50 m apart, starting from the summer edge of the water.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows an ice cutter of a hydrobuffer system of ice cutters assembled; figure 2 - ice cutter hydrobuffer system of ice cutters, side view; figure 3 and 4 shows the location of the hydrobuffer system of ice cutters in the riverbed in the summer.

The hydrobuffer system of ice cutters consists of several ice cutters, each of which, in turn, consists of a concrete beam 1, which performs the function of an ice cutter, fastened, for example, by bolts 2 in sockets 3 of base plates 4 mounted on floating platforms 5. Floating platforms 5 consist from several interconnected whole tree whips.

A hydrobuffer system of ice cutters is delivered to the problem area of the river (where the formation of congestion threatens the lives of people). It is delivered by water on a barge, in the summer, when the water level in the river is at a lower level.

First collect one ice-breaker system. To do this, parallel to the coastal edge, starting from the summer edge of the water, departing from it 1.5-2 m, lay several tree whips, fastening them together with wire or metal brackets. The base plates 4 are installed on them, in the nests 3 of which a concrete beam 1 is laid, which is fixed in the nests 3 with bolts 2. Each concrete beam 1 is installed on two base plates 4, because two base plates are easier and easier to install than one common. At the ends of the concrete beam 1, holes are made for its fastening in the socket 3, in which there are also holes for fastening the concrete beam 1 in them. Slots 3 have different heights, i.e. a low nest is mounted on one base plate, and a higher one is installed on another base plate, and is made one below the other so that the beam installed in them forms an angle of 25-35 ° with the plane of the base plates 4. If the angle is greater than 35 °, the ice will abut the ice cutter and create a blockage, and if the angle is less than 25 °, the ice will break and crumble, but the length of the beam must be increased. Concrete beam 1 is installed on the base plates so that the lower nest is located in the direction of the river. This is done so that ice can easily crawl onto the beam. Then, in the holes made on the base plates 4 for fastening to the floating platform 5, metal pins 6 are freely inserted, the lower end of which is driven between the whips of the tree of the floating platform 5, and the upper end is bent or inserted into the hole on its end so that pin 6 did not fall into the hole of the base plate 4.

The next ice cutter of the hydrobuffer system of ice cutters is assembled in the same way as the first one, and set it parallel to the first at a distance of 30-50 m. The distance between the ice cutters depends on the angle of elevation of the shallows. The finer the shallow, the greater the distance between the ice cutters, so that the ice cutters work alternately as water approaches them. The number of ice cutters at each shallow is determined individually and depends on the size and angle of elevation of the shallows: the larger the shallow, the smaller the angle of elevation of the shallows, the more ice cutters in the hydrobuffer system. The hydrobuffer systems of ice cutters are set apart from the ship's course at several turns of the river at the same time.

The device operates as follows.

During the spring ice drift, the ice crawls onto the hydrobuffer system of the ice cutters and, under the influence of its own weight, breaks and crumbles to safe sizes. The hydrobuffer system of ice cutters restrains the speed of ice floes in front of a problem place on the river and along the coast, eliminates the causes of congestion.

The advantages of the claimed invention:

- unlike stationary mounted ice cutters, the inventive hydrobuffer system of ice cutters is located on floating platforms - this excludes its washing into sand;

- the hydrobuffer system of the icebreakers is made collapsible, so when you change the riverbed it can be easily transferred to a new place;

- the hydrobuffer system of ice cutters can work for several years without adjustment until the river bed changes;

- ice cutters operate at different levels of water in the river in spring: the higher the water level, the greater the number of ice cutters in operation; when the very first icebreaker is below the water level, the next one, which is located closer to the shore, starts to work;

- the hydrobuffer system of ice cutters is self-regulating, i.e. works at low and high water;

- unlike other means of preventing and destroying congestion, which use blasting operations that cause great environmental damage, the claimed invention is safe and harmless to the environment and to people.

Claims (1)

The hydrobuffer system of ice cutters, including inclined mounted ice cutters, characterized in that the ice cutters are made in the form of inclined concrete beams, each of which is mounted on base plates in which the slots for inclined concrete beams are made, one of which is so high above the other that the angle between the beam and the plane of the base plates is 25-35 °, and the holes for their fastening, while the base plates are mounted on floating platforms from interconnected whole whips of wood parallel to the coastal edge, after 30-50 m d from a friend, starting from the summer edge of the water.

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