RU2285380C2 - Plant harvesting unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, combing of leaves and seeds of standing plant and simultaneously mowing and breaking of stems.

SUBSTANCE: plant harvesting unit has frame carrying combing drum, screw, belt conveyor with elastic scrapers, and feeding hopper. Harvesting unit is equipped with mower having rotors and adapted for mowing of combed stems. Each of said rotors has knives arranged in lower tier and V-shaped beaters arranged in upper tier. Knives and beaters are positioned pivotally in mutually perpendicular planes, symmetrically to one another, relative to axes of rotors.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in mowing of combed stems, damaging and intensified curing thereof owing to employment of mower with knives and beaters.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used for combing leaves or seeds of plants on the vine with simultaneous mowing and injured combed stems.

Known plant-combing machine [1], containing a frame on which a drum is mounted on the shaft with several rows of combing working bodies having clamping elements and a receiver for the combed part of plants mounted on it via brackets. For a number of working bodies, the pressing elements are made in the form of a corner having cutouts in the horizontal shelf for placement of stripping working bodies in them, each of which is made in the form of a finger, and the working bodies of one row are placed with the possibility of changing the distance between them. Each working body in a cross section has a rectangular shape and is equipped with a latch mounted on its end to prevent displacement of organs. The receiver of the combed part of the plants is made in the form of a hopper, on the front wall of which several scrapers are fixed with a gap between them for the passage of the combing working bodies, and the free end of each working body is made wedge-shaped.

The disadvantage of this machine is the lack of a device for mowing combed stems.

A known machine for towing chamomile inflorescences [2], containing a frame on which a stripping drum is installed, a screw located inside the stripping drum receiving chamber, an elevator made in the form of a conveyor belt with elastic and rigid gear scrapers and a hopper. Gear scrapers are located on the conveyor belt alternating every two elastic scrapers. The scraper is shorter and narrower than the scraper.

The disadvantage of this machine is the narrow range of its application. The purpose of the invention is the provision of combing plants, mowing combed stems and accelerate their drying.

This goal is achieved in that the plant cleaning unit contains a frame on which a screw is installed, a conveyor belt with elastic scrapers, a hopper and a combing drum rotating from bottom to top and moving the combed mass to the auger located behind the combing drum, which turns left and right feeds it to the belt conveyor installed in an inclined chamber, which in turn moves its bottom upward branch into the receiving hopper, and for mowing the combed stems p asthenia and accelerate their sagging, it is additionally equipped with a rotary mower with rotors equipped with hinged knives and V-shaped bits mounted on top of each other, and the knives located in the lower tier and the saw in the upper tier are symmetrically relative to each other in mutually perpendicular planes rotor axes.

Figure 1 shows a side view of the unit for cleaning plants, figure 2 is a top view, figure 3 is a comb combing drum.

The plant cleaning unit comprises a frame 1 with support wheels 2, a drum 3 with combing comb 4, located in the housing 5 and rotating from bottom to top, a screw 6 with turns of the left 7 and right 8 direction, located behind the drum 3, a conveyor belt 9 with elastic scrapers 10, installed in an inclined chamber 11 and moving the combed heap from bottom to top with its lower branch 12 through the unloading window 13 into the receiving hopper 14. The unit is equipped with a company to mow the combed stems of plants, injure them and accelerate drying. ion mower containing mowing rotors 15 with pivotally fixed knives 16 and V-shaped bills 17 mounted one above the other and support shoes 18. Knives 16 located in the lower tier and beat 17 respectively in the upper are mounted symmetrically in mutually perpendicular planes to each other relative to the axes of the rotors 15. The height of brushing of the leaves or seeds of plants is regulated relative to the hinges 19 of the frame 1, and the raising and lowering of the rotary mower relative to the hinges 20. Raising and lowering the receiving hopper 14 from relative to the frame 1 is carried out by the hydraulic cylinder 21. Unloading a heap - by opening the rear wall 22 of the hopper 14 relative to the hinges 23.

The technological process is as follows. In the field, the scrubbing drum 3 is set to the necessary scrubbing height by raising or lowering the body 5 with an inclined chamber 11 relative to the hinges 19 of the frame 1, and a rotary mower with pivotally fixed knives 16 and V-shaped saws 17 installed in their tiers in mutually perpendicular planes symmetrically to each other with respect to the axes of the rotors 15, lower relative to the hinges 20 of the frame 1 until the support shoes 18 touch the ground.

During operation, the plant-harvesting unit is moved through the soil by means of wheels 2. The plants are scrubbed by rotating the drum 3 with combs 4 located in the housing 5 from the bottom up and supplying a heap to the screw 6 located behind the drum 3, which turns left 7 and right 8 direction it feeds under the conveyor belt 9, installed in an inclined chamber 11, which with its lower branch 12 with elastic scrapers 10 moves the heap from bottom to top and feeds it through the discharge window 13 into the receiving hopper 14.

Mowing and trauma of plant stems in the process of combing is carried out as follows. When the unit moves forward, the knives 16 located in the lower tier of the rotors 15 mow the combed plants, and the V-shaped beats 17 installed in the upper tier injure them. After mowing and processing, the plants are stacked in fluffy, well-aerated rolls.

When filling the receiving hopper 14 with a combed mass, the unit is stopped. Raise the hopper with a hydraulic cylinder 21 relative to the frame 1, open the rear wall 23 of the hopper 14 relative to the hinges 23 and unchecked leaves or seeds are unloaded into the vehicle body.

The proposed design will ensure the collection of leaves from plants up to 85%, seeds up to 95%, as well as mowing and intensive processing of combed plants to ensure acceleration of their wilting. Since up to 15% of leaves remain on the stems of plants, hay of satisfactory quality can be obtained from them.

Information sources

1. RF patent for the invention No. 2058707, A 01 D 41/08. Crop-cutting machine. BI No. 12 - 1996.

2. USSR copyright certificate for the invention No. 1732846, A 01 D 45/30. Machine for towing chamomile inflorescences. BI No. 18 - 1992.

Claims (1)

A plant harvesting unit comprising a frame on which a combing drum, auger, belt conveyor with elastic scrapers and a hopper are installed, characterized in that the combing drum rotating from bottom to top moves the combed mass to the screw located behind the combing drum, which turns left and in the right direction it feeds it to a conveyor belt installed in an inclined chamber, which, in turn, moves it into the receiving hopper with its lower branch from the bottom up, and for mowing combed stems plants and accelerate their drying, it is additionally equipped with a rotary mower with rotors equipped with hinged knives and V-shaped bills, the knives located in the lower tier and the beat in the upper tier being in mutually perpendicular planes symmetrically to each other with respect to the axes rotors.

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