RU2262824C1 - Chassis on rail - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, agrobridges.

SUBSTANCE: agrobridge is manufactured according to double chassis pattern and comprises girder fixed by means of rotary wheels on wheeled carts provided with counter-rollers. Railway is made double track, with contact drive, in the form of number of parallel rails connected in pairs by means of semi-circular rails. Each straight rail is joined with its one end to two adjacent semi-circular rails and terminates in switch, and with its other end to dead part with stop. Railway mounted on girder is provided with wheeled cart having counter rollers and driven from pull-type dc engine, two sprockets and chain. Load-lifting winch and roller supports with guides between carts and girder frame are mounted on girder to provide compensator.

EFFECT: increased efficiency owing to unification, and reduced power consumption.

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Description

The invention is intended for use in agriculture in the production of field work using electric traction.

The chassis on the rails has a supporting structure in the form of a bridge truss on wheeled trolleys made in the form of turntables with electric drive and control rollers moving along a double track rail with a contact wire made in the form of a series of parallel rails connected in pairs using rails in the form of a semicircle, each straight rail, mating at one end with two adjacent semicircles, ends with a turnout, and the other end - with a dead end with an emphasis; a rail track on a bridge farm with a wheeled trolley and control rollers, with the possibility of moving with an electric winch fixed on the farm, a chain and two sprockets; a compensator in the form of a frame with guides, with one of the trolleys fixed on it, with the possibility of moving with the help of roller bearings relative to the farm.

The design has the advantages of ensuring its competitiveness.

It is known that a chassis on rails is used as a truck made according to the dual chassis scheme having a double track rail on which a bridge truss with trolleys on wheels and a rail track on a truss with a trolley on wheels and a winch for raising and moving goods.

The disadvantage of this device is the limited functionality that ends outside the area occupied by rail tracks.

The objective of the invention is to increase labor productivity, reduce energy consumption, save fossil energy sources, reduce dependence on the vagaries of nature, create opportunities for automation of agricultural production in field cultivation, unification of aggregates and units, improve the environmental situation and working conditions.

Technical properties

1. The capabilities of the chassis on rails are not limited to serving one site. With the help of wheeled trolleys with turntables on which the truss is mounted, semicircular rail jumpers and turnouts, it can, in zigzag movements, move to other platforms.

2. Wheel carts carrying a bridge truss made in the form of electric turntables, control rollers and a wheeled cart with control rollers with the ability to move along the truss rails using an electrically driven winch mounted on the truss, give the chassis a stable orientation in space, which allows automating production the processes

3. A wheeled trolley on a farm, moving on rails with an electric winch mounted on the farm, working "in focus", is self-sufficient - it does not need "grip weight", it can be as light as possible, based on strength considerations only.

The supporting structure of the chassis (Fig.1,2) has a bridge truss 1, turntables 2, two bogies 3 and 4 with wheels 5 on rails 6 and 7, control rollers 8, electric drives 9, a compensator in the form of a frame 10, roller bearings 11, guides 12, trolleys 4; the rails are mounted on supports 13 with brackets 14 for the contact wire 15. The return wire is rails 5, 7. On the trolley 3 there is a current collector 16. On the farm there is a second rail track 17 for moving the trolley 18 with wheels 19, control rollers 20 using an electric winch 21, with two asterisks 22, 23 and a chain 24. Various units and assemblies for performing specific agricultural work can be attached to the bottom 25 of the trolley 18.

Rails 6 and 7 (figure 3) are stacked in parallel rows with a gauge equal to the length of the truss. The ends of the rails are connected by semicircular jumpers 26 so that a combination of two disjoint symmetrical figures is formed. Each line, mating at one end with two adjacent semicircles, ends with a turnout switch 27, the other with a dead end with an emphasis 28. Highway 29 with loading and unloading points 30 is brought to the rail tracks. Contact wire 15 in Fig. 3 is shown by a dash-dot line.

The operation of the chassis on rails consists in intermittent movement of the supporting structure - the truss to a certain length, which is the working width of the processing tools hung on the trolley 18, with its subsequent movement in the directions indicated by arrows 31 (Fig. 3). The chassis on rails moves in a zigzag fashion. The paths of rail 6 and rail 7 are different. In position I, the rail chassis is in its original position. The direction of movement is indicated by solid and dashed arrows, respectively. In position II, the chassis, having done some work in the directions indicated by arrows 31, left side stopped near the stop 28, and the right side began to describe a semicircle, after which, after passing through the switch in position oa, the chassis took position III, while the left the chassis side on the rails moved in the opposite direction (dashed arrow). In position III, the right side now stopped near the stop. The left side, describing the semicircle, passing through the turnout switch in position co, took position 4, moving the turnout switch to ob position, describing the semicircle, through the turnout switch to position o-chassis, took position 5. For further movement of the chassis, the turnout switch should be set to od position, etc.

The compensator in the form of a frame 10, roller bearings 11, guides 12 and trolleys 4 is designed to facilitate fitting the chassis into the rail track, because the track width can be 100 meters or more and is not comparable with the base of the bogies (center distance between the wheels of the bogie). When the chassis moves along rails 6-7 with an independent drive, one of the sides of the truss may run in or lag behind. The presence of a compensator, creating some free play, softens the pressure on the outer side surfaces of the rail heads and gives time for alignment. This is facilitated by double-flange wheels 5, covering the rail head on both sides. Controlrollers 8 enhance the longitudinal stability of the farm. The trolley 18 moves along a standard track (1524 mm), and the control rollers fix its position in space.

We will raise a question of an economic nature. Due to the fact that this chassis has no direct analogues working in the field, it will be necessary to compare economic efficiency with the capabilities of existing equipment, and this is mainly equipment based on wheeled and tracked chassis.

The energy base in the field is an internal combustion engine (ICE), the energy carrier, as a rule, is diesel fuel. The engine is autonomous. Let's see how much this autonomy costs in comparison with a DC traction motor. The electric motor runs on finished energy, it is simple, it has only one rotating part - the rotor. Traction characteristic allows you to do without a gearbox, efficiency - 90%. An internal combustion engine is much more complicated, it requires a gearbox, the resource is less than that of an electric motor, the fuel poured into the tanks is not energy yet - it must be produced, and this is not the same thing. Fuel needs to be brought, stored somewhere, all this is additional operational costs, efficiency - 36%. At the time of writing, taking into account the ratio of energy prices, their calorific value, differences in efficiency, economic efficiency was determined as follows: 1 kg of crude oil with a calorific value of 11300 kcal. equivalent to 11.3 kWh of electricity. One liter of diesel fuel is 75% of the equivalent. The ratio of the efficiency of the electric motor and the internal combustion engine is 90:36 or 2.5: 1. After the correction for calories, we get - 2.5: 0.75 = 3.3: 1.

With the same cost of 1 liter of diesel fuel and 11.3 kW / h of electricity, the advantage of electrification is obvious.

Let's talk about the mover - the wheel. The caterpillar mover is not considered here. The caterpillar somewhat reduces the pressure on the ground, but this is a half measure. The agricultural machinery wheel works in off-road conditions in direct contact with the ground. Its bearing capacity is unstable and directly depends on humidity. When moving, the wheel, having a limited support platform, tamps the soil, the chassis sags, the effect of "lifting up the mountain" on a horizontal platform is obtained, a track is formed. Such a chassis cannot be light, because for guaranteed traction with the ground, the so-called “grip weight” is also needed. By increasing weight, we increase power, because the chassis must be pulled apart from itself, for example, by a plow, and these are additional planned expenses.

In the proposed chassis on rails, the mover is not in direct contact with the ground, its action is mediated through rails, supports. The concept of "grip weight" is excluded and replaced by the concept of the winch "in focus", moving the cart with mounted implements on rails with minimal weight. Only working bodies, such as a plow, are in contact with the ground. From the above it follows that when using the proposed chassis, energy losses are significantly reduced.

The use of electric traction in the chassis on rails will save fossil energy sources, since they have no alternative, for example, for the chemical industry. And finally, this is a real chance to reduce the amount of harmful emissions in air, soil, water.

Using the factor of reducing the dependence on weather conditions will allow agricultural work with less time loss. It is also a moral factor.

The trolley 18, on which removable working bodies are mounted, is clearly oriented in space due to its design features, its trajectory is predictable, which allows automation of processes, such as plowing, watering, pest control, etc.

A chassis on rails is a tool with some of its capabilities and features, and this will need to be taken into account when creating a set of unified units and assemblies, using all the experience gained from mechanizing agricultural production.

The greatest effect of the use of the chassis on rails depends on the coefficient of its use. Ideally, this is a chassis equipped with interchangeable implements for a full cycle of agricultural work, taking into account the specific features of the cultivation of certain agricultural crops: soil preparation, sowing, care for the growing season, harvesting and removal of crops from the cultivation zone. In winter, the production of moisture retention and the introduction of organic matter on the fields.

Using the chassis on rails with the help of electric traction, it is possible to improve working conditions for rural machine operators, they will be comparable with the labor of a tram driver or train operator.

Sources of information

1. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, Volume 20, p. 144.

2. IPC overhead cranes. At 66 from 17 / 00-17 / 26.

Claims (1)

Chassis on rails, used as a truck, made according to the scheme of a double chassis and containing a bridge truss, fixed by means of turntables on wheeled trolleys equipped with control rollers with independent drive from DC motors moving along a double track rail with a contact wire, made in the form of a series of parallel rails connected in pairs with rails in the form of a semicircle, with each straight rail mating at one end with two adjacent semicircles AMI, ends with a turnout, and with the other end as a dead end with an emphasis, a rail track on a bridge truss with a wheeled trolley equipped with counter-rollers driven by a DC traction motor, two sprockets and a chain, a winch for lifting loads located on the bridge truss, and also roller bearings with guides between the trolleys and the frame of the truss, forming a compensator.

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