RU2034662C1 - Method for benefication of mineral resources and a device to implement it - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: benefication of mineral resources. SUBSTANCE: pulp with grains of valuable component and gangue is fed to successively joint inlet ribbed section, with ribs being perpendicular to its walls, with at least one additional ribbed section. The flow is accelerated and moved along longitudinal direction along processing zone, where catching coating is made. Steady-state swirls with axis of revolution oriented perpendicular to the direction of flow feed are generated on initial flow portion at its lower bound. Additional section is installed at an angle within 0.5 to 45° to the inlet section with turn to any direction. Ribs of the additional section are turned in the direction just opposite to the turning direction of the section relative to inlet one. As the flow moves along processing zone, the flow is deviated from the direction of its feed in cross direction by acute angle. In so doing, dynamic force is applied to side bounds of the flow, and pressure drop being irregularly along flow length and width relative to its motion in longitudinal direction is created. Concurrently, steady-state swirls are generated at the deviated portion of the flow at its lower bound. Axes of revolutions of the swirls are oriented at an acute angle to those at the initial flow portion, and spiral flow is generated. Recovery of catching capacity of the coating is carried out concurrently with filling up catching coating with grains of valuable component. EFFECT: high catching capacity of valuable components. 20 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to techniques and technologies for the enrichment of minerals, mainly gold-bearing rocks, by gravitational methods, and more particularly, to a method for enriching minerals and a device for its implementation.

 Currently known methods and devices for enriching minerals, in particular, gold-bearing rocks by gravitational methods, are based on creating a capture coating in the pulp treatment zone, filling it with grains of a valuable component from the treated pulp, restoring the collecting ability of the coating during filling and rinsing the coating with accumulated valuable component.

 There are different directions for resolving the recovery of the coating. For example, by constructively changing the elements of enrichment devices (in particular, the bottom) intended for mineral processing (DE, A, 719647), or by installing additional movable elements in the design of enrichment devices, for example, stencils with corrugations (SU, A, 724194 ) or drive vibration or shaking the bottom (DE, A, 285909).

 However, these known technical solutions either have a low degree of extraction of a valuable component (DE, A, 719647), or a bulky design with a large number of moving elements and / or energy-consuming units (SU, A, 724194, DE, A, 285909), which leads to reduce reliability and increase the cost of mineral processing.

 A known method of mineral processing (SU, A, 1540085), including the creation of a valuable component in the processing zone of the capture coating from magnetic concentrates, supplying the treated pulp to the treatment zone, filling the capture coating in a variable magnetic field with grains of a valuable component from the treated pulp, recovery of the capture the ability of the coating by loosening it with a pulsating magnetic field during the filling process and rinsing the catching coating with the accumulated valuable component.

 This method allows you to restore the catching ability of the coating without mechanical impact on it. However, it requires the creation of an artificial capture coating from magnetic concentrates of a valuable component isolated from rocks and distributed after their classification into sections of the treatment zone before the treated pulp is fed into it. In addition, the implementation of this method requires significant energy consumption to create a magnetic field and a complex control system for the intensity of this field, which requires the use of high-precision measuring, control and actuating devices and mechanisms, which significantly increases the cost of the process and reduces its reliability.

 In addition, as the pulp stream moves along the treatment zone, its turbulence significantly attenuates, which eliminates the selectivity of the precipitation of grains of a valuable component and reduces the degree of its extraction and enrichment. In this case, as the pulp stream moves along the treatment zone, accumulation of valuable rock particles accompanying the valuable component occurs along the periphery of this zone and on the surface of the capture coating, and as a result of turbulence reduction in the pulp stream, the accumulated layer of waste rock is cemented, which also reduces the degree of extraction and enrichment mineral.

 In addition, this method is unacceptable for the enrichment of hard-washed clay rocks, as well as rocks prone to agglomerates and boulders, since agglomerates and boulders can destroy the artificial capture coating and prevent its filling with grains of a valuable component.

 A device for mineral processing (VN Shokhin, AG Lopatin "Gravity methods of enrichment", 1980, Nedra (Moscow) p. 285-288) containing a sequentially joined input and additional sections installed in parallel with one another and with a slope to the horizontal plane in the direction of the pulp. Each section has rectilinear side walls and a bottom on which stencils with flutes are installed that are removable, perpendicular to the side walls and tilted to the bottom in the direction of movement of the pulp.

 The use of this device allows you to create a natural capture coating in the stencils on the bottom of the sections to accumulate a valuable component.

 However, the indicated constructive implementation of the sections does not allow creating an alternating force effect on the capture coating to restore its collecting ability, and also excludes the possibility of selective exposure of the valuable component to the grains to accelerate their deposition. As a result, there is a rapid filling of the capture coating with substances accompanying the valuable component (waste rock particles), which in the absence of alternating force impact on the flow leads to their rapid accumulation at the side walls and on the coating surface. As a result, the turbulization of the flow of the treated pulp is reduced, which reduces the degree of extraction of a valuable component and can lead to a malfunction of the device.

 The basis of the present invention is the task to create a method of mineral processing with such an effect on the flow of pulp and trapping coating and a device for mineral processing with such an arrangement and constructive implementation of the sections, which would increase the degree of extraction and the degree of enrichment of a valuable component of minerals.

 This problem was solved by creating a method of mineral processing, mainly gold-bearing rocks, including feeding the treated pulp containing liquid and solid phases with grains of valuable component and gangue to the processing zone, forming and accelerating the treated pulp stream in the initial section, moving the stream in the longitudinal direction the processing zone in which the capture coating is created, the creation in the process of moving the stream in its original section at its lower boundary stationary vortices having an axis of rotation oriented perpendicular to the direction of flow, filling the capture coating with grains of a valuable component while restoring the capture ability of the coating and rinsing the capture coating with the accumulated valuable component, while, according to the invention, in the process of moving the stream along the treatment area, the stream is deviated from its feeding direction in the transverse direction to an acute angle, create a dynamic effect on the lateral boundaries of the flow and create a sweat uneven in length and width In this case, the hydraulic resistance to its movement in the longitudinal direction, at the same time on the deflected flow section at its lower boundary, stationary vortices form, the axis of rotation of which is oriented at an acute angle to the axis of rotation of the stationary vortices in the initial flow section in the direction opposite to the deflection direction, and form a spiral flow flow .

 The implementation of the proposed method allows for the entire length of the treatment zone to give increased specially organized turbulence to the flow of the treated pulp, which provides loosening of the capture coating due to the kinetic energy of the pulp stream and eliminates the possibility of cementation of the coating and the accumulation of gangue particles accompanying the valuable component along the entire width and length of the zone processing. As a result of this, the deposition of grains of a valuable component is facilitated and increased, which ultimately leads to an increase in the degree of extraction and enrichment of minerals.

 The deviation of the pulp flow in the transverse direction allows the movement of at least the surface layer of the capture coating in the direction of flow deviation and the creation of zones of excess pressure and rarefaction in different parts of the treatment zone, which helps to restore the capture capacity of the coating by removing lighter gangue particles from it and accumulation in the capture coating of heavier grains of a valuable component, in particular gold.

 The creation of a flow resistance non-uniform along the length and width of the flow to its longitudinal displacement leads to a relative displacement of solid particles in the pulp stream under the action of inertia forces. This leads, among other things, to the formation of local turbulent eddies at the surface of the particles of the solid phase, which are more intense the higher the density of particles, as well as to an increase in the number of particle collisions with each other, which is greater, the greater the mass of particles. As a result, particles of a valuable component that have maximum density, and with relative homogeneity of the fractional composition of the pulp solid phase and maximum mass, experience maximum hydraulic resistance to longitudinal movement, lose kinetic energy, settle in the field of gravitational forces, approaching the capture coating, and are delayed by the latter, which intensifies the process of filling the capture coating with a valuable component and increases the degree of extraction of the latter.

 The formation of the indicated stationary vortices at the lower boundary of the flow allows to loosen the capture coating, i.e., to transfer the precipitated particles of gangue to a suspended state, and the creation of this spiral flow facilitates the movement of gaseous particles along the entire cross section of the flow in the longitudinal direction without deposition. This contributes to their removal from the treatment area, which increases the degree of extraction and enrichment of minerals.

To create the optimal force acting on the solid phase of the treated pulp, sufficient to move the waste rock particles, but not enough to create conditions for the hydrodynamic removal of grains of a valuable component, it is advisable to deflect the flow in the transverse direction by an angle of 0.5 to 45 ^° .

 In this case, it is desirable that the axis of rotation of each stationary vortex of the deviated flow section be oriented to the axis of rotation of the stationary vortices in the initial section of the flow at an angle substantially equal to the angle of deviation of the flow in the transverse direction.

 This improves the sliding conditions of gangue particles under the influence of bottom bottom flow from the periphery to the central part of the flow, maintaining them in suspension, followed by removal of these particles by the main flow from the treatment zone, and eliminating the lateral movement and removal of settled grains of a valuable component, including fine, which, with the appropriate grain size distribution of grains of a valuable component, can increase its degree of extraction due to the retention of its small particles, as well as increase the degree s enrichment treated material due to more intensive removal of gangue particles from the treatment zone.

 As the flow moves along the treatment zone, the spiral flow can lose its kinetic energy. Therefore, to periodically increase this energy, it is desirable to further deviate it periodically in the transverse direction as the flow moves through the treatment zone, with the orientation of this deviation alternating. This interferes with the removal of gangue particles without their deposition along the entire length of the treatment zone, which increases the degree of extraction and enrichment of minerals.

 With an increase in the length of the treatment zone, the flow of pulp, moving along it, loses its speed. To increase the latter, it is advisable to further accelerate it locally as the flow moves along the treatment zone. This intensifies all of the above processes occurring in the stream and the capture coating, and increases the degree of extraction and the degree of enrichment of minerals.

 To increase the turbulization of the pulp stream as it moves along the treatment zone in the longitudinal direction and to increase the efficiency of the above processes occurring in the pulp stream and in the capture coating, it is favorable to locally decrease or increase the hydraulic resistance to its movement in the longitudinal direction as the stream moves along the treatment zone or as the flow moves along the treatment zone, to deflect the flow in the vertical direction by curving its lower boundary.

 Thus, the use of the proposed method allows to increase the degree of extraction and the degree of enrichment of a valuable component of minerals.

The problem is also solved by the creation of a device for mineral processing, containing sequentially docked input and at least one additional section installed with a slope to a horizontal plane in the direction of flow of the pulp, each of which has side walls and a bottom on which removably installed stencils with riffles, inclined to the bottom in the direction of flow, while the riffs of the inlet section are perpendicular to its side walls and parallel of each other, wherein, according to the invention, the additional section is mounted relative to the front section in the transverse direction with a turn in either direction such that the acute angle between their longitudinal axes is from 0.5 ^to 45, wherein the auxiliary section riffles stencil deployed in the direction opposite to the turn of this section relative to the inlet section, and are installed at an acute angle to the side walls of the additional section so that they form an acute angle with the flutes of the inlet section.

 The proposed structural embodiment of the device allows you to implement the proposed above-described method of mineral processing at its maximum simplicity without the use of energy-consuming or mobile nodes. Using the proposed device allows you to create acceleration of the flow when feeding the pulp, provides restoration of the catching ability of the coating by creating uneven along the length and width of the flow of hydraulic resistance to the movement of the flow in the longitudinal direction due to the installation of stencils with corrugations that are inclined to the bottom in the direction of flow of the pulp, providing the formation between stationary flutes of stationary bottom vortices, the axis of rotation of which is oriented along the flutes, and the orbital velocity rotation is greater than the hydraulic size of the removed particles of waste rock and less than the hydraulic size of the grains of a valuable component. In addition, the proposed device allows you to deflect it in the transverse direction during the movement of the flow along the processing zone, create a dynamic effect on the flow in the zone of its impact with the side wall, create a lateral pulp movement in the bottom region, directed along the flutes, which, summing up with the deflected flow forms a spiral flow directed along a deflected flow. The specified spiral flow eliminates the deposition of removed particles of waste rock in the wall zones and between the flutes and ensures their movement along the entire cross section of the flow without deposition, which increases the degree of extraction and enrichment of minerals.

 Thus, the proposed device allows only due to the presence of fixed elements using the kinetic energy of the pulp stream to increase the degree of extraction and enrichment of minerals.

 It is advisable that the acute angle between the flutes of the input and additional sections was essentially equal to the acute angle between the longitudinal axes of the latter. At the same time, the conditions for the movement of gangue particles in the inter-groove space are improved under the influence of the bottom bottom flow from the side walls to the center with the subsequent removal of particles outside the treatment zone by the main flow, and the transverse movement and removal of grains of a valuable component, including small ones, is avoided, with the corresponding particle size distribution of grains of a valuable component allows to increase the degree of extraction of a valuable component by retaining its fine particles, as well as to increase the degree of enrichment of It is activated material due to more intensive removal of gangue part of the treatment zone.

It is advisable that when installing at least two additional sections, the subsequent additional section is set relative to the previous additional section with a turn in the transverse direction in any direction so that the angle between the longitudinal axes of the subsequent additional section and the inlet section is from 0.5 to 45 ^about, the riffles stencil subsequent auxiliary section to be deployed in the opposite direction reversal of this section with respect to the preceding auxiliary section and are mounted p d acute angle to the side walls of its sections so that they form an acute angle with riffles input section.

 This makes it possible to increase the degree of extraction and enrichment of a valuable component due to the repeated intensification of the gradually fading within the first additional section transverse flow in the bottom region and the spiral flow along the deflected flow moving within the second additional section so that in the zone of impact of the flow with the side walls within the second additional section, the deposition of light removable waste rock particles is excluded and their movement between the grooves and along the entire cross section of the flow without precipitation.

 It is desirable that the acute angle between the flutes of the inlet and subsequent additional sections be substantially equal to the acute angle between the longitudinal axes of the latter. At the same time, the conditions for the movement of gangue particles in the inter-groove space are improved under the influence of the near-bottom cross-flow from the side walls to the center with the subsequent removal of particles outside the treatment zone by the main flow and the transverse movement and removal of grains of a valuable component, including small ones, is avoided, with the corresponding particle size distribution the composition of the grains of a valuable component allows to increase the degree of extraction of a valuable component by retaining its fine particles, as well as to increase the degree of enrichment of material being harvested due to bole intensive removal of waste rock particles from the treatment zone.

 It is advantageous when installing at least three additional sections, so that each subsequent additional section is docked with the previous additional section with a turn in the longitudinal direction relative to the input section in the direction opposite to the turn of the previous additional section relative to the input section.

 This allows, as the pulp stream moves along the device, periodically deflect the flow in the transverse direction with different orientations, which increases the kinetic energy of the spiral flow formed in each additional section and intensifies the removal of waste rock particles without their deposition along the entire width of each section along the entire device, which increases the degree of extraction and enrichment of minerals.

 Advantageously, at least one riffle of the at least one additional section is made higher or lower than the riffle height of the inlet section.

 This allows local intensive turbulization of the flow to be performed, with the help of which it is possible to actively destroy solid phase agglomerates including a valuable component in the working zone, which allows to increase the degree of extraction of the latter.

 It is advisable that the bottom of the at least one additional section be at least partially convex or concave, most preferably the bottom is sinusoidal.

 This allows you to deflect the flow in the vertical direction, to bend its trajectory, while creating additional vertical centrifugal forces acting on the solid phase of the pulp and contributing to the selection and precipitation of grains of the valuable component and the removal of the removed particles of waste rock, which makes it possible to increase the degree of extraction and enrichment of the valuable component .

 It is possible to align at least one subsequent additional section with the previous additional section so that its angle of inclination to the horizontal plane is greater or less than the angle of inclination of the previous section.

 This makes it possible to increase the intensity of flow turbulization and the destruction of solid phase agglomerates in the zone of incidence of the stream to the subsequent additional section made with a smaller slope, and helps to accelerate the flow and increase the intensity of stationary vortices in the inter-groove space when the flow goes to the subsequent additional section with a large slope, which allows increase the degree of enrichment and extraction of a valuable component.

 It is advisable that at least one flute of the at least one additional section be set so that its angle of inclination to the corresponding bottom is greater than or less than the angle of inclination to the corresponding bottom of each flute of the inlet section.

 This allows additional local disturbance to be introduced into the flow, to increase the degree of non-uniformity of hydraulic resistance along the length of the flow, to create additional flow turbulization, and thus increase the degree of enrichment and recovery of a valuable component.

 Preferably, in at least one additional section, stencils with flutes are installed on the bottom part.

 This makes it possible to accelerate the flow with an increase in its kinetic energy in those sections of the additional sections where the flutes are not installed, which makes it possible to intensify the transverse flow arising from the collision of the flow with the side wall when it is deflected in the transverse direction, to recreate the operability of stationary vortices in the interfeed space with orbital speed of rotation sufficient to carry the removed particles of waste rock and separate grains of a valuable component from them.

 It is desirable that at least one additional section has side walls made curvilinear and parallel to each other, and each groove of the stencils of this additional section is made in a line tangent to which at each point passes at an acute angle to the grooves of the input section, and this angle should be substantially equal to the angle between the longitudinal axis of the inlet section and the longitudinal axis of this additional section passing through this point.

 This allows you to further intensify the destruction in the working zone of solid phase agglomerates, including a valuable component, due to the action of alternating centrifugal forces arising from the flow around curved side walls. In addition, this allows you to create a flow mode that ensures uniform distribution of the solid phase of the pulp along the width of the processing zone, which increases the degree of enrichment and extraction of a valuable component.

 It is favorable that the bottom of the last section at least in the outlet section is perforated with the possibility of periodic overlapping of the perforation.

 This facilitates rinsing the capture coating with a valuable component by providing the possibility of their separate output, which increases the reliability and quality of the device.

 Thus, the use of the proposed device for mineral processing allows you to increase the degree of extraction and enrichment of a valuable component. In addition, the use of the invention allows to reduce the cost of the process of mineral processing and to increase its reliability.

 The present invention can be used in difficult terrain, using various options for its implementation.

 The proposed method is as follows.

 The enriched rock, for example, gold, containing grains of a valuable component and particles of waste rock, is mixed with a liquid, for example, water to obtain pulp, which is fed into the treatment zone. In the latter, one of the known physical influences (for example, by placing a system of sections located with a slope to the horizontal plane) forms the flow of the treated pulp and moves it in the longitudinal direction along the treatment zone, in which a trapping coating containing a solid phase of the pulp settling in the treatment zone is formed . The flow of the treated pulp, passing through the processing zone, gradually fills the trapping coating with grains of a valuable component released from the treated pulp in the field of gravitational forces. Simultaneously with the grains of a valuable component, particles of gangue settle in the capture coating, which impair the capture ability of the coating. To improve the capture ability of the coating, the flow of the treated pulp at the first moment of its supply to the treatment zone is accelerated and the kinetic energy of the flow is increased. Acceleration of the flow can be carried out, for example, by selecting the operating mode of the feeding device or by influencing the flow by the boundaries of the processing zone. Using the kinetic energy of the pulp stream increased in this way, the recovery capacity of the coating is restored by creating intense turbulization of the stream. Why create a hydraulic resistance uneven in length and width of the flow to its movement in the longitudinal direction. The pulp stream passing through the treatment zone interacts with local hydraulic resistances, as a result of which its turbulization increases, as a result of which waste rock particles are removed from the capture coating (weighed), and the latter's ability to capture grains of a valuable component is restored.

 By creating a flow resistance that is not uniform in length and width along the length of the flow, in the longitudinal direction, for example, by changing the roughness at the lower and lateral boundaries of the processing zone, by introducing various obstacles, a system of stationary vortices is created at the lower boundary of the flow, the axis of rotation of which is oriented at an angle to the flow direction. Creating a non-uniformity of hydraulic resistance using the above effects on the flow, they give the system of stationary vortices an orbital speed of rotation that is greater than the hydraulic size of the removed particles of gangue and less than the hydraulic size of the extremely small grains of a valuable component captured during the implementation of the proposed method.

In order to prevent the accumulation of gangue particles on the capture coating and near the lateral boundaries of the flow, that is, where the local flow velocity of the pulp is small and the orbital velocity of stationary vortices decreases, the flow of the pulp is deflected from the feed direction in the transverse direction, create a dynamic effect on the lateral boundaries of the flow and form a transverse pressure gradient, under the influence of which the transverse movement of the pulp occurs, which, summing up with the translational motion, a spiral flow forms, the axis of which coincides with the direction of the deflected flow. The dynamic effect on the lateral boundaries of the flow caused by the deviation of the flow and the transverse flow compensate for the undesirable decrease in the flow velocity near its boundaries and exclude the accumulation of waste rock particles in these zones. The spiral flow created by this ensures the movement of waste rock particles along the width and length of the stream until they are completely removed outside the treatment zone, leaving the detained grains of a valuable component immobile. In this case, the optimal angle of deviation of the flow in the transverse direction is from 0.5 to 45 ^about . The specified angle of flow deviation creates an optimal force acting on the solid phase of the treated pulp, sufficient to move particles of gangue, but not enough to create conditions for the hydrodynamic removal of grains of a valuable component. Moreover, to improve the sliding conditions of gangue particles and maintain them in suspension and then remove these particles from the treatment zone, stationary vortices are created in such a way that the axis of rotation of each stationary vortex of the deflected stream section is oriented to the axis of rotation of the stationary vortices in the initial section of the stream at an angle essentially equal to the angle of deviation of the flow in the transverse direction.

 All of the above increases the degree of extraction and the degree of enrichment of a valuable component.

 The above effect of the spiral flow can be enhanced by the fact that as the flow moves in the longitudinal direction, it is additionally periodically rejected in the transverse direction with alternating orientations of this deviation, thereby increasing the effect of centrifugal forces on the particles of the solid pulp.

 Deviating the pulp stream from the feed direction in the vertical direction, that is, bending its path, for example, along a sinusoid, by acting on the lower boundary of the stream by any known method, for example, by mechanical action, creates additional centrifugal forces acting on the solid phase of the pulp and contributing to the release and deposition grains of a valuable component and removal of waste particles of waste rock.

 An additional effect of isolating a valuable component and carrying out the removed waste rock particles is achieved by local turbulization of the flow as it moves in the treatment zone, which is carried out by locally reducing or increasing hydraulic resistance to the flow movement in the longitudinal direction, for example, by influencing the flow with the help of locally installed obstacles in the area of the treatment zone, or by a local decrease in the angle of supply of the pulp stream.

 Due to the large losses of the kinetic energy of the flow to overcome local resistances, maintaining stationary vortices, and localized turbulization of the flow as it moves along the processing zone, the kinetic energy of the flow decreases, especially when the flow slopes slightly to a horizontal plane. In this case, the flow is additionally locally accelerated, excluding all hydraulic resistance in specially created acceleration zones within the treatment zone, or by increasing the local flow slope in separate sections of the treatment zone.

 The above effect on the pulp flow ensures the separation of the grains of the valuable component from the removed particles of waste rock and the accumulation of grains of the valuable component in the capture coating, which allows to increase the degree of enrichment and recovery of the valuable component.

 After the filling of the capture coating with a valuable component is completed, it is rinsed by supplying liquid (for example, water) to the treatment zone with a flow rate sufficient to wash off and remove the layer of gangue particles delayed during the operation, after which the valuable component is removed and the technological cycle is repeated .

 In more detail, the proposed method will be described below when describing the operation of the proposed device for implementing this method.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a two-section device, a top view; in FIG. 2 two-section device, a side view with breakouts; figure 3 five-section device, top view; figure 4 five-section device, side view; figure 5 fragment of the device, top view.

A device for the enrichment of minerals, mainly gold-bearing rocks, made according to the invention, is a sequentially docked input section 1 (figure 1) and an additional section 2. Sections 1, 2 (figure 2) are installed with a slope φ (figure 2) to a horizontal plane in the direction of pulp feed. Each section 1, 2 (Fig. 1) has side walls 3.4 and a bottom 5.6 (Fig. 2), on which stencils 7.8 with flutes 9.10, 10 ¹ , inclined ( ω ₁ ; ω ₂ ; ω ₃ ) to the corresponding bottom 5.6 in the direction of pulp feed. Additional section 2 (figure 1) is deployed in the transverse direction relative to the input section 1. The angle of rotation of the additional section 2 relative to the input section 1 (that is, the acute angle α ₁ between their longitudinal axes, a and b ₁ , respectively) is from 0.5 up to 45 ^about .

This design allows the flow of pulp at the entrance to the additional section 2 to interact with the side wall 4 of this section 2, as a result of this flow acquires the transverse component of its movement, corresponding to the tangent of the rotation angle α _{1 of} the additional section 2 relative to the inlet section 1.

This angle α _{1 is} selected from the condition of the possibility of creating a force acting on the particles of the solid phase of the treated pulp, sufficient to move particles of waste rock, but not enough to create conditions for the hydrodynamic removal of grains of the enriched valuable component of the pulp.

If the angle α _{1 of the} turn of sections 1.2 is less than 0.5, then the transverse component of the flow velocity will be such that the force generated by the flow acting on the pulp particles deposited in the capture coating will be less than the friction force between these particles and will not provide their relative movement, which eliminates loosening and recovery of the catching ability of the coating and reduces the degree of extraction of a valuable component.

If the angle β _{1 of the} turn of sections 1.2 is greater than 45 ^° , then the transverse component of the flow velocity will be greater than the longitudinal component, which will lead to the destruction of the capture coating and its removal from the treatment zone along with the grains of the valuable component.

 The flutes 9 of the stencils 7 of the input section 1 are mounted perpendicular to the side walls 3 of this section 1 and parallel to each other.

 The corrugations 10 of the stencils 8 of the additional section 2 are deployed in the opposite direction to the turn of the additional section 2 in which they are installed, relative to the input section 1.

The flutes 10 of the additional section 2 are placed at an acute angle β ₁ to its side walls 4 and form an acute angle γ ₁ with the flutes 9 of the input section 1, while the sharp angle γ ₁ between the flutes 9 of the input section 1 and the flutes 10 of the additional section 2 is essentially equal acute angle α ₁ between their longitudinal axes a and b ₁ . This ensures the creation of uneven hydraulic resistance to the longitudinal movement of the flow, while the turn of the flutes 10 in the direction opposite to the turn of the additional section 2 relative to the inlet section 1, allows you to evenly distribute the solid phase of the pulp along the width of the processing zone and create local turbulent turbulence separating particles of gangue and grain valuable component with a higher density, to intensify their deposition on the capture coating.

It is possible to perform at least one riffle 10 (FIG. 2) of an additional section 2 with a height h ₁ greater than the height H of the riffles 9 of the inlet section 1 or riffle 10 ¹ with a height h ₂ less than the height H of the riffles 9 of the inlet section 1. In addition, it is possible to place at least one riffle 10 of the additional section 2 with an inclination angle ω ₂ to the corresponding bottom 6 greater than the inclination angle ω ₁ to the bottom 5 of each riffle 9 of the inlet section 1, or with a riffle angle _{3 of the} riffle 10 ¹ less than the riffle angle ω ₁ 9 inlet section 1.

Depending on the specified velocity of the pulp in the longitudinal direction to create a field of inertial forces sufficient to precipitate the grains of the valuable component, but supporting the flow of gangue particles in the pulp stream, by adjusting the height h ₁ , h _{2 of the} corrugations 10, 10 ^{1 of the} additional section 2 above and / or the angle of inclination ω ₂ , ω _{3 of} these riffles 10, 10 ¹ to the corresponding bottom 6, it is possible to increase or decrease the unevenness of the hydraulic resistance to the flow movement in the longitudinal direction.

The proposed device may have at least one additional section 11 connected to the previous additional section 2 (FIG. 3), mounted in relation to the previous additional section 2 with a turn in the transverse direction in any direction so that the angle α ₂ between the longitudinal axes ( a, b ₂ ) the inlet section 1 and the subsequent additional section 11 is from 0.5 to 45 ^about . In this case, the corrugations 12 of the stencils 13 of the subsequent additional section 11 are deployed in the opposite direction to the turn of this section 11 relative to the previous additional section 2 and are installed at an acute angle β ₂ to the side walls 14 of their section 11 so that they form an acute angle γ ₂ with the corrugations 9 of the input sections 1. The acute angle γ ₂ between the flutes 9 of the input section 1 and the flutes 12 of the subsequent additional section 11 is essentially equal to the acute angle α ₂ between the longitudinal axes a, b _{2 of the} latter.

 Figure 3 shows the proposed device in which the input section 1 and four additional sections 2, 11, 15, 16 are sequentially docked. Moreover, each subsequent additional section 11,15,16 is docked with the previous additional section 2,11,15, respectively , with a turn in the transverse direction relative to the input section 1 to the side opposite to the turn of the previous additional section 2,11,15 relative to the input section 1. That is, each additional section 2,11,15,16 is deployed in relation to the input section 1 s. With each change in the direction of flow of the pulp, the particles of the solid phase of the treated pulp experience dynamic loads, the magnitude of which is greater, the greater the absolute value of the change in the direction of the vector of the velocity of the pulp stream. As a result, clay agglomerates are destroyed with the release of particles of a valuable component from them, which increases the degree of its extraction.

 Everything that was described above for turning the previous additional section 11 and installing the corresponding riffles 12 in it equally applies to the subsequent additional sections 15.16 and their riffles 17.18.

 The bottom 19 (Fig. 4) of at least one additional section 15 may be made at least partially convex or concave. In the particular case shown in figure 4, the bottom 19 of one additional section 15 is made sinusoidal, that is, partially convex and partially concave.

Each additional section 2,11,15,16 can be docked with the previous section 1,2,11,15 so that the angle φ ₂ , φ ₃ , φ ₄ , φ _{5 of} its slope will be greater or less than the angle φ ₁ , φ ₂ , φ ₃ , φ _{4 of the} slope of the previous section 1,2,11,15.

Changing the shape of the bottom 19 and / or the angle of inclination φ ₂ , φ ₃ , φ ₄ , φ _{5 of the} additional sections 2,11,15,16 determine the velocity of the pulp flow in the longitudinal direction, which for a given hydraulic resistance ensures the creation of the above-mentioned field of inertial forces acting on grains of a valuable component and gangue particles. Depending on the size and shape of the grains of the valuable component present in this rock and the degree of its washing, the flow velocity in the longitudinal direction can be increased or decreased with a high or low frequency of periodicity (by changing the shape of the bottom 19 or by changing the slope angle φ ₂ , φ ₃ , φ ₄ , φ ₅ additional sections 2,11,15,16, respectively).

With a high content of valuable component in the rock with a large specific surface area and / or with small dimensions of the device as a whole, in order to increase flow turbulization and the efficiency of loosening of the capture coating, it becomes necessary to create a periodic change in the direction of the transverse component of the flow movement in a small area of the treatment zone. In this case, the side walls 20 (Fig. 5) of at least one additional section 21 can be made curved, that is, curved or with a kink, and parallel to each other. Moreover, each corrugation 22 of the stencils 23 of this additional section 21 should be made along a line tangent (B) to which at each point (M) passes at an acute angle γ ₃ to the flutes 9 of the input section 1. Moreover, this angle γ ₃ is essentially equal to angle α ₃ between the longitudinal axis (a) of the inlet section 1 and the longitudinal axis (b ₃ ) of this additional section 21 passing through a given point (M).

 To increase the acceleration of the processed pulp along the path of its movement in the longitudinal direction, the stencils 24 (Fig. 3) with corrugations 12 in at least one additional section 11 can be located only on the bottom part 25.

 The bottom 6 (Fig. 1), 26 (Fig. 3) of the last section 2 (Fig. 1), 16 (Fig. 3) can be perforated with holes 27 (Fig. 4) and at least in the outlet section periodically blocking the holes 27 of the perforation, for example, laying mats 28 on the bottom 26 of the perforated section of the last additional section 16.

 The number of additional sections 2,11,15,16 and the angles α, β, γ are selected in the intervals indicated above for them, depending on technological considerations to create the optimal hydraulic flow regime of the pulp containing a certain fractional composition, depending on the washing of the treated rock, and / or taking into account the terrain on which the device described above is mounted, while ensuring the highest degree of extraction and enrichment of a valuable component.

 The proposed device operates as follows.

 To obtain pulp, the processed rock is mixed with water and fed to the bottom 5 in the inlet section 1. In it, when interacting with the corrugations 9 of the stencils 7 located perpendicular to the walls 3 of the inlet section 1, disintegration and final molding of the structural composition of the pulp stream occurs, which is characterized by a particle size curve particles of gangue and grain-size curve of grains of a valuable component contained in this pulp. Next, the flow enters an additional section 2. At the first moment of passage of the pulp flow through sections 1.2 of the device, the hydraulic resistance created by the flutes 9, 10 and bends of the joining zones of sections 1.2 leads to the creation of a catching section on the bottom of 5.6 each section 1.2 a coating containing the solid phase of the pulp settling in the inter-groove space. Thus obtained natural capture coating on the bottoms of 5.6 sections 1,2 has a loose structure due to the different shape of the particles of the solid phase of the pulp and has a high capture capacity at the first time. Further supply of the pulp stream to section 1.2 of the device due to gravitational separation according to the density of particles of the solid phase leads to the filling of the capture coating with the densest particles of the valuable component.

As indicated above, in the inlet section 1, the agglomerates of the rock are disintegrated on the transverse flutes 9 and the structural composition of the solid phase of the pulp stream is formed. When the flow gets further into the additional section 2 due to the rotation of the latter by an angle α ₁ with respect to the inlet section 1, when the flow interacts with the side walls 4 of the additional section 2, a transverse component of the velocity vector is created in the direction of the deviation of the longitudinal axis (b ₁ ) of the additional section 2 from longitudinal axis (a) of the inlet section 1.

 Uneven hydraulic resistance to the longitudinal movement of the pulp stream, created in the device by flutes 9.10 installed in the inlet and additional sections 1.2 of the device, makes it possible to create stationary bottom vortices in the inter-groove space when the flow collides with the flutes 9.10, the axis of rotation of which is oriented along the flutes 9.10 at an angle to the flow feed axis.

 The flow characteristics above the flutes 9.10 (depth and flow velocity) are set such that the orbital velocity of the vortex rotation is greater than the hydraulic size of the removed particles of gangue and less than the hydraulic size of the detained grains of the valuable component. In this case, stationary vortices will loosen the trapping coating, hydraulic classification of the solid phase of the pulp, raising particles of gangue and creating the possibility of precipitation of grains of a valuable component in the inter-groove space.

 In the process of moving the flow in the longitudinal direction to the additional section 2 due to its rotation in the transverse direction relative to the feed axis, the flow is deflected in the transverse direction and create a dynamic effect on it of the side walls 4 of the additional section 2. Due to the impact of the flow with the side wall 4 of the additional section 2 near of this wall 4, precipitation of gangue particles in the near-wall zone is excluded, and the depth of flow increases here. In this case, the depth of flow at the opposite side wall 4 of the additional section 2 remains the same. The difference in depths in the cross section of the flow creates a transverse pressure gradient, under the influence of which a transverse flow is formed in the bottom region of this section, which removes the stationary vortex from lifting up the particles of gangue from the interfacial space and moving the gangue particles from the near-wall zones with reduced flow rates. Summing up with the deflected flow moving along the additional section 2, the transverse flow creates a spiral flow, which carries out waste rock particles outside the working area of the device.

 When enriching medium-washed, hard-washed and boulder rocks, it is advisable to strengthen the process of loosening of the catching coating and increase the dynamic loads on the solid phase of the pulp stream. In this case, it is advisable to increase the total length of the device, that is, the use of subsequent additional sections 11, 15, 16, docked with the previous additional section 2.

 Upon receipt of the pulp stream in the subsequent additional sections 11, 15, 16 in the stream, the above processes intensify, damping as the pulp stream moves along the processing zone of the device.

When the pulp stream interacts with the flutes 10 and 10 ^{1 of the} additional section 2 having a larger and / or lower height h ₁ and h ₂ compared with the height H of the flutes 9 of the inlet section 1, the turbulence of the pulp stream is intensified, which can also be intensified when the passage of the pulp stream from the additional section 2 having a large slope φ ₂ to the horizontal plane, to the additional section 11, which has a smaller slope φ ₃ to the horizontal plane.

 Since the kinetic energy of the pulp flow is lost when colliding with a riffle 10 of a greater height, with the subsequent impact of the flow on the side wall 3 of the additional section 2 when it is deflected, it is spent on maintaining the rotation of the stationary vortex system, generating turbulence and overcoming friction forces, the ability of the flow to separate solid the pulp phase of the grains of the valuable component and waste rock particles is lost as the flow moves in the longitudinal direction. This happens especially quickly with a small slope of the flow to the horizontal plane. The restoration of the lost kinetic energy of the flow (due to the conversion of the potential energy of the position) occurs when it enters the bottom section 25 of the additional section 11, on which there are no stencils 24 with corrugations 12 in order to reduce hydraulic resistance and kinetic energy losses.

The restoration of the lost kinetic energy of the flow can also be carried out by installing the subsequent additional section 16 at an angle of incidence φ ₅ to the horizon greater than on the previous additional section 15, or by reducing the hydraulic resistance and increasing the angle of incidence simultaneously. This makes it possible to intensify the transverse flow and recreate the operability of stationary vortices in the inter-ripple space with an orbital speed of rotation sufficient to lift the removed particles of gangue and separate grains of a valuable component from it for precipitation in the capture coating.

The removal of gangue particles from the inter-rip space by the near-bottom transverse flow can be stimulated by such an orientation of the corrugation 10 ^{1 of the} additional section 2, which ensures a positive angle ω _{3 of the} incidence of the corrugation 10 ¹ relative to the horizontal plane with the selected transverse deviation of the additional section 2 from the direction of feed of the pulp stream and a predetermined angle φ of the flow direction. The positive angle ω _{3 of the} incidence of the corrugation 10 ^{1 is} set no more than the angle of natural repose of the array of grains of the valuable component in the water-saturated state, which excludes their sliding along the corrugation 10 ¹ , and can approach the angle of repose of the array of particles of gangue in the water-saturated state, which contributes to the sliding of these particles along the flute 10 ¹ and the removal of them from the inter-groove space.

 The intensification of the operation of the device for separating the solid phase of the pulp into grains of a valuable component and gangue particles can be achieved on the additional section 15 with a longitudinal sinusoidal profile of the bottom 19. Curving of the flow path in the vertical plane when it hits the additional section 15 having a curved bottom 19 allows to create additional vertical centrifugal forces acting on the solid phase of the pulp and contributing to the selection and precipitation of grains of a valuable component and the removal of removed particles abutment rock that gives an opportunity to increase the degree of enrichment and recovering a valuable component.

 Performing additional sections with curved walls, a convex, concave or sinusoidal bottom, changing the slope of the additional sections relative to the horizontal plane, changing the slope and height of the grooves, installing stencils on parts of the bottom or any other design methods mentioned above can increase the dynamic loads on the solid phase of the pulp stream , ensuring the destruction of clay agglomerates and the release of particles of a valuable component of the pulp. This process will occur the more efficiently, the greater the number of the above changes provides the design of the device.

 After the filling of the capture coating with grains of the valuable component is completed, it is rinsed together with the valuable component. To do this, stencils 7,8,23,24 with flutes 9,10,12,17,18,22 are removed from the bottoms of 5.6 25 of all sections 1,2,11,15,16,21 (with holes 27 of the output perforation section of the last section 16 they are opened, for example, by removing the mats 28), and then serves flushing water, removing the enriched rock. Next, the mats 28 and stencils with flutes are returned to their original place and the cycle of the device is repeated.

PRI me R 1. The pulp is prepared from lightly washed rocks in the form of medium-grained sand with a content of 17% fractions with a grain size of less than 0.27 mm and pebble inclusions with a grain size of up to 100 mm, including 1 g / m ³ gold in the form of grains with a grain size of more than 0, 1 m with a content of 2% grain fractions less than 0.1 mm.

When preparing the pulp, water is used as the liquid phase in the ratio of liquid to solid 6: 1. Pulp is fed into the treatment zone with a specific flow rate of 0.05 m ² / s per meter of flow width. When fed into the treatment zone, the pulp stream is compressed in height, accelerated to a speed of 2.0 m / s and directed along the inlet section orthogonally to the grooves of the inlet section. Collision pulp stream containing, including ground agglomerates with riffles inlet portion carried the bulk of the disintegration of agglomerates, after which deflect the flow laterally dynamic impact of a border of the side sections which are oriented at an angle ^of 6.5 to the original direction of travel flow. Due to the loss of part of the kinetic energy by the pulp stream for disintegration, the agglomerator and impact with the corrugations of the inlet section to restore this energy, the pulp stream simultaneously with a lateral displacement is rejected in the vertical plane by changing the slope of its lower boundary by an angle of 9 ^about . With the dynamic interaction of the lateral boundary onto which the pulp stream flows when it is deflected in the transverse direction, an increase in the flow surface by 0.2 m with respect to the surface level at the opposite lateral boundary is created. The level difference formed in this way at the lateral boundaries of the flow creates a transverse pressure gradient with which a transverse flow is excited, mainly near the lower boundary of the flow at a speed of up to 0.2 m / s, which moves the gangue particles from the lateral boundaries of the flow to its center, where they are picked up and carried away from the treatment zone by the main deflected stream. To achieve the best sliding gangue particles across the flow from its lateral boundaries under the influence of its transverse flow is directed at an angle not exceeding ¹⁰ ° to the horizon line which is selected proportional to the angle of repose of the soil being processed in a state of saturation limit. By the addition of the transverse and main translational motion of the pulp stream, a spiral flow forms, the axis of which coincides with the direction of the deflected stream, with the help of which particles of waste rock are transferred from the side boundaries of the stream to the center and removed outside the working area. The velocity of the lower boundary of the stream, equal to 0.2 m / s, is sufficient for moving in the transverse direction particles of gangue with a grain size of less than 0.27 mm and small for moving gold grains with a grain size of 0.1 mm or more, therefore, these grains, as well as sand particles fineness of more than 0.27 mm will go down to the lower boundary of the stream, forming a trapping coating (bed). Due to the rough surface of the bed, it inhibits the bottom layers of the flow, from which grains of a valuable component with a grain size of 0.1 mm are deposited under the conditions of the created calculated hydraulic regime. Precipitating grains of a valuable component fill the pores and reduce the roughness of the capture coating, as a result of which its inhibitory and capture capabilities are reduced.

Creating uneven hydraulic resistance along the length and width of the flow to its movement in the longitudinal direction by acting on the flow using local resistances, they form a system of stationary vortices at each local resistance near the lower boundary of the pulp stream. In this case, local resistances are organized in such a way that the axis of each stationary vortex is parallel to the direction of the transverse flow. The orbital rotation speed of each vortex is created so that it is smaller than the hydraulic fineness of 0.1 mm gold grains, which is 6.6 cm / s, greater than the hydraulic fineness of the removed gangue particles, which in this example is 2.5 cm / s and corresponds to the rate of deposition of sand particles, equal in weight to the grains of gold with a calculated fineness of 0.1 mm. Said orbital speed of rotation of stationary vortices created due to the average flow velocity, which, when a predetermined deviation ^of 9 independent of the pulp flow depth and flow is reached at a depth close to 0.2 m.

 The choice of the above hydraulic and geometric parameters of the pulp flow ensures the transportation of large pebbles (up to 100 mm) without precipitation in the processing zone, which ensures a non-stop mode of implementation of the method.

 With the specified parameters of the proposed method, its implementation for the conditions of this example allows to achieve a degree of gold recovery close to 98% with an enrichment ratio of 89.

PRI me R 2. The pulp is prepared from easily washed rocks in the form of coarse sand with particles up to 2 mm in size with a content of large fractions of sand less than 1% and small fractions with a diameter of less than 0.1 mm to 10% having pebble inclusions with a size of 100 mm and containing 1 g / m ³ gold in the form of grains with a particle size of 0.08 mm with a content of 1% fractions less than 0.08 mm

In the preparation of the pulp, water with a solid to liquid ratio of 1:10 is used as the liquid phase. The pulp is fed into the treatment zone with a flow rate equal to 0.15 m ³ / s (which corresponds to 1080 m ^{3 of} solid phase per day). Treatment zone operates in four sections, stacked with a turn in the transverse direction at an angle of ^about 0.5, made in the form of a rectangular cross-sectional trays installed with a slope ^of 8 and having a retraction of the coating created in these sections by means of stencils with inclined riffles.

 With pebble inclusions of 100 mm in size, the depth of the flow above the corrugations is taken to be 100 mm, and the flow velocity is set equal to 2.5 m / s to ensure unhindered removal of pebble inclusions by the flow outside the working area.

With a boundary grain size of gold with a diameter of 0.08 mm, a capture coating is created by installing stencils with flutes 2.5 ˙ 10 ^-2 m high with a step of 0.1 m. With these flow and capture coatings, the pulp speed is 3.1 m / s that exceeds the lower limit (2.5 m / s) by the condition of removal of pebble inclusions. In the above flow, slope, depth and width of the flow rate of each trough is 0.7 m. Riffle slope to the horizon line is determined to be ^about 0.5, i.e. equal to the angle deviation of the cross flow, which provides the most effective detention valuable component of fine grains, and increases the degree of its extraction. The deflection angle of the additional sections in the transverse direction equal to ^about 0.5, it allows to obtain a bottom mezhrifelnom space velocity to 0.2 m / s, which is sufficient to remove the sand fines and coarse fractions of the periodic movement, which allows to move them from the lateral flow zone into the zone of removal by the main stream.

 With these parameters of the proposed device, the proposed method is carried out similarly to that described in example 1, which allows to obtain a degree of gold recovery close to 99% at an enrichment ratio of 78.

PRI me R 3. The pulp is prepared from lightly washed rocks in the form of medium-grained sand with particles smaller than 1.0 mm with a large fraction of less than 1% by volume, containing 1 g / m ³ gold in the form of grains with a grain size of more than 0.1 mm with a content of 2% fractions less than 0.1 mm

In the preparation of the pulp, water is used as the liquid phase; the ratio of solid to liquid is 1: 8. The pulp is fed into the treatment zone with a flow rate of 0.05 m ³ / s (which corresponds to 450 m ^{3 of} solid phase per day). Treatment zone is in the form of two stacked angled sections formed in a rectangular cross sectional trays installed with a slope ^of 6, and having a retraction of the coating created in these sections by means of stencils with inclined riffles.

When the boundary grain size of gold is 0.1 mm, the capture coating is created by installing stencils with corrugations with a ratio of the pitch of the grooves to the height of the grooves equal to 2. In this case, the depth of the flow above the grooves is 2.5 × 10 ^-2 m and the height of the grooves is assumed equal to 3 ˙ 10 ^-2 m, while the distance between them will be 6 ˙ 10 ^-2 m. With these parameters of the flow and the capture coating, the pulp speed is 1.1 m / s. In the above flow, slope, depth and width of the flow rate of each tray is 0.93 m. Riffle slope to the horizon take no more than ^about 10. The turning angle of the additional section in the transverse direction (that is, the angle of deviation of the flow) is taken equal to 8 ^about , which allows to obtain a bottom velocity in the interfacial space of 0.25 m / s. This is enough to move grains of gangue smaller than 1 mm.

 With these parameters of the proposed device, the proposed method is carried out similarly to that described in example 1, which allows to achieve a degree of gold recovery close to 98% with an enrichment ratio of 99.

PRI me R 4. The pulp is prepared from medium-washed rock in the form of sandy loam, comprising 85% sand, 15% clay and dust fractions with large grains of sand (more than 2.0 mm) up to 1.2% and a gold content of 1 g / m ³ , mainly in the form of grains with a particle size of more than 0.15 mm (grains with a particle size of less than 0.15 mm make up no more than 1.5% of the total number of grains).

In the preparation of the pulp using water, the ratio of solid phase to liquid phase is chosen equal to 1:15. The pulp is fed with a flow rate of 0.05 m ³ / s (i.e. 360 m ^{3 of} solid phase per day) to the treatment zone, made in the form of an input section of a rectangular cross section and two additional sections, joined together and with the input section with a turn in the transverse direction at an angle of 6.5 ^about with periodic alternation of the direction of rotation of the sections one relative to the other. Sections are set with a slope of 9 ^about , 9 ^about , 5 ^about . Catch coating in sections is produced by a stencil riffles, the angle of inclination of which to the bottom is determined to be ^about 85.

When the size of the boundary grain of gold is 0.15 mm, the capture coating is created by means of corrugations with a ratio of the pitch of the corrugations to the height of the corrugations equal to 2.5. In this case, the depth of the flow above the corrugations is 3.5 · 10 ^-2 m, and the height of the corrugations is taken to be 4˙ 10 ^-2 m, and the distance between the corrugations is 0.1 m. With these parameters of the flow and the capture coating, the pulp speed in the first and the second sections reaches 1.65 m / s. Reducing the slope of the third section allows you to reduce the flow velocity to 1.2 m / s, which makes it possible to intensify the processing process within the first and second sections and provide better capture of small grains of gold in the third section. At the above flow rate, flow depth and flow rates, the width of the first and second sections is 0.85 m, and the third section is 1.2 m.

Riffle slope to the horizon line to take sandy loam ^of not more than 8, since the presence of clay and dust fractions in the pulp contributes to the gangue particles sliding along the riffle.

The angle of the deviation of the flow in the transverse direction is 6.5 ^about , which allows to obtain a bottom velocity in the interfacial space of about 0.5 m / s. This is enough to move gangue grains with a particle size of less than 2.0 mm.

 With these parameters of the proposed device, the proposed method is carried out similarly to that described in example 1, which allows to achieve a degree of gold recovery close to 98.5% with an enrichment ratio of 82.

PRI me R 5. The pulp is prepared from hard-washed rocks in the form of heavy loam, in the form of soil agglomerates, including 55% clay particles, 40% sand and 5% fine pebbles up to 20 mm in size. The content of the largest sand particles of more than 2 m is 1% by volume, the gold content of 6 g / m ³ is mainly in the form of grains with a particle size of more than 0.25 mm (grains with a particle size of less than 0.25 mm are no more than 2.5% by weight of total number of grains of gold).

In the preparation of the pulp, water is used with a ratio of solid phase to liquid phase of 1:25. The pulp is fed with a flow rate of 0.3 m ³ / s (which corresponds to 1040 m ^{3 of} soil per day).

The processing zone is performed in the form of a smoothly narrowing inlet section, in which the pulp flow is accelerated to 3.5 m / s. At this speed, the impact of the flow with the corrugations of the inlet section allows partial crushing of clay agglomerates. To achieve the additional effect of agglomerate destruction, four additional sections of the working area are joined with a transverse swivel angle of 45 ^о with sequential alternation of the orientation of the turn and sequential alternation of the slope of the additional sections 13 ^о , 8 ^о , 13 ^о , 6 ^о , which allows for additional crushing of the agglomerates in places of vertical fracture of the treatment area. Riffle slope with respect to the horizon line is determined to be ^about 45, which allows to create a bottom speed to 0.7 m / s, sufficient for the transverse displacement of pebbles and sand the largest particles without appreciable displacement gold grains with grain size of 0.25 mm. Riffles tilted toward the bottom at an angle of ^about 67, which makes it possible to facilitate the movement of the largest particles pebbles main stream. The height of the riffles is taken equal to 7.0 ^-2 10 ^-2 m, the depth of the flow above the riffles is 3.2˙ 10 ^-2 m, the pitch between the riffles is 0.3 m. With these parameters of the flow and the capture coating, the pulp speed remains at 3.5 m / s in the first and third additional sections and decreases to 2.75 m / s in the second and 2.5 m / s in the fourth sections. To restore the kinetic energy of the flow in the initial section of the second additional section with a length of 1.0 m, stencils with corrugations are not installed. At the end section of the fourth additional section, alternating corrugations with a height of 7 ˙ 10 ^-2 m and 5 ˙ 10 ^-2 m with a step of 0.1 m are installed, which ensures the effective retention of the smallest grains of gold.

 With these parameters of the proposed device, the proposed method is carried out similarly to that described in example 1, which allows to achieve a degree of gold recovery of 97.5% with an enrichment ratio of 73.

 Thus, the proposed method and device allows for ease of implementation without external energy input to increase the degree of extraction and enrichment of a valuable component from the pulp of the processed rock.

 The invention can be used to enrich gold-bearing rocks, iron ore, coal and any other rocks that require separation by density of components.

 Most effectively, the invention can be used to enrich gold-bearing rocks of all types of leaching.

Claims (20)

 1. A method of beneficiation of minerals, mainly gold-bearing rocks, including feeding into the processing zone of the treated pulp containing liquid and solid phases with grains of valuable component and waste rock, forming and accelerating the flow of the treated pulp in the initial section, moving the stream in the longitudinal direction along the processing zone , in which a capture coating is created, creating in the process of moving the stream in its initial section at its lower boundary stationary vortices having an axis of rotation oriented to the perp diculally to the direction of flow, filling the capture coating with grains of a valuable component while restoring the capture ability of the coating and rinsing the capture coating with the accumulated valuable component, characterized in that during the movement of the stream along the treatment area, the stream is deviated from the direction of its supply in the transverse direction by an acute angle create a dynamic effect on the lateral boundaries of the flow and create a flow resistance uneven along the length and width of the flow Stationary vortices are formed in the longitudinal direction, simultaneously on the deflected section of the flow at its lower boundary, the axis of rotation of which is oriented at an acute angle to the axis of rotation of the stationary vortices in the initial section of the stream in the direction opposite to the direction of flow deviation, and form a spiral flow flow. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the flow is deflected in the transverse direction at an angle of 0.5 to 45 ^o .  3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the axis of rotation of each stationary vortex of the deflected stream section is oriented to the axis of rotation of the stationary vortices in the initial section of the stream at an angle equal to the angle of deviation of the stream in the transverse direction.  4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as the flow moves along the processing zone, it is additionally periodically rejected in the transverse direction with alternating orientations of this deviation.  5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that as the flow moves through the processing zone, it is additionally locally dispersed.  6. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that as the flow moves along the treatment zone, the hydraulic resistance to its movement in the longitudinal direction is locally reduced or increased.  7. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that as the flow moves along the processing zone, it is deviated from the feed direction in the vertical direction by curving the lower boundary of the stream. 8. A device for the enrichment of minerals, mainly gold-bearing rocks, containing sequentially docked inlet and at least one additional section installed with a slope to a horizontal plane in the direction of flow of the pulp, each of which has side walls and a bottom, which can be removed stencils are installed with riffles inclined to the corresponding bottom in the direction of flow, while the riffs of the inlet section are installed perpendicular to its side walls parallel to each other, characterized in that the additional section is set with respect to the inlet section to steer laterally to either side so that an acute angle between their longitudinal axes amounts to 0.5 45 ^o, wherein the riffles stencil auxiliary section deployed in the side opposite to the turn of this section relative to the inlet section and installed at an acute angle to the side walls of the additional section so that they form an acute angle with the corrugations of the inlet section.  9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the acute angle between the flutes of the input and additional sections is equal to the acute angle between the longitudinal axes of the latter. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that when installing at least two additional sections, the subsequent additional section is installed relative to the previous additional section with a turn in the transverse direction in any direction so that the angle between the longitudinal axes of the input section and the subsequent additional section is from 0.5 to 45 ^o , while the riffles of the stencils of the subsequent additional section are deployed in the direction opposite to the turn of this section relative to the previous additional section and set They are formed at an acute angle to the side walls of their section so that they form an acute angle with the flutes of the inlet section.  11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the acute angle between the flutes of the input and subsequent additional sections is equal to the acute angle between the longitudinal axes of the latter.  12. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that when installing at least three additional sections, each subsequent additional section is docked with the previous additional section with a turn in the transverse direction relative to the input section in the direction opposite to the turn of the previous additional section relative to the input section.  13. The device according to PP.8, or 10, or 12, characterized in that at least one flute of at least one additional section has a height greater than or less than the height of the flutes of the input section.  14. The device according to claims 8, 10, or 12, characterized in that the bottom of the at least one additional section is made at least partially convex or concave.  15. The device according to claims 8, 10, or 12, characterized in that the bottom of the at least one additional section is sinusoidal.  16. The device according to claims 8, 10, or 12, characterized in that at least one subsequent additional section is connected to the previous section so that the angle of its inclination to the horizontal plane is greater or less than the angle of inclination of the previous section.  17. The device according to claims 8, 10, or 12, characterized in that at least one flute of at least one additional section is installed at an angle of inclination to the bottom of this section more or less than the angle of inclination of each flute of the inlet section to its bottom.  18. The device according to claims 8, 10, or 12, characterized in that in at least one additional section stencils with flutes are installed on the bottom part.  19. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that at least one additional section has side walls made curvilinear and parallel to each other, while each corrugation of the stencils of this section is made along a line tangent to which at each point passes at an acute angle to the flutes of the inlet section, and this angle is equal to the angle between the longitudinal axis of the inlet section and the longitudinal axis of this additional section passing through this point.  20. The device according to PP.8, or 10, or 12, characterized in that the bottom of the last additional section at least in the output section is perforated with the possibility of periodic overlapping of the perforations.

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