UA103203C2 - Sluice for gravitational settling of heavy minerals from pulp - Google Patents

Abstract

A sluice for gravitational settling of heavy minerals from pulp has a flow-trough of a non-ferromagnetic material inclined to the horizontal and connected by an upper end to a source of pulp, and by a lower end - to a means for removal of reject to a dump, a cellular trapping mat at the bottom of the trough and two screens located above the mat of fine filling, which are independently connected to the drive of reciprocation. A screen adjacent to the mat has a frame and straight transverse corrugations, and the upper screen has at least two rows of undulating riffles consisting of half-wave portions alternating in the direction of the convexity. Under the bottom of trough an intermediate elastic support is located having grooves and central through holes under each groove and non-ferromagnetic pushers arranged in the grooves. The sluice is equipped with means for excitation of vertical oscillations in the stream of pulp based on a controlled pulse AC generator and solenoids with ferromagnetic cores, which are located under the central holes in the support and equipped with lower supports.

Description

The invention relates to the construction of sluice gates for gravity sedimentation from the pulp of such heavy minerals, the initial granulometric composition of which is dominated by finely dispersed and/or lamellar particles. These sluices are intended: firstly, for the extraction of heavy minerals from dispersed host rocks and/or soils during the development of natural placers, tailings from the processing of such placers by less advanced means, crushed tailings of mining and/or metallurgical enterprises and/or ash of thermal power plants, which work on solid fuel; and, secondly, for exploration of natural and man-made deposits of valuable heavy minerals and estimation of the amount of reserves suitable for extraction.

Technical level

Sluice gates for gravity sedimentation of heavy minerals from the pulp flow have long been widely known (see, for example: Shokhin V.N., Lopatin A.G. "Gravity Enrichment Methods", -

M.: NEDRA, 1993). They are superior to chemical means of extracting heavy minerals in that the water-based pulp, the concentrates and tailings separated from it, which are dumped into landfills in the form of mechanical mixtures of unchanged particles of rocks and/or soils and unseparated remains of heavy minerals, are biologically inert. Therefore, gravity sedimentation is practically safe for mine personnel and for the natural environment.

Unfortunately, until now, dredges and washing devices are usually equipped with shallow filling locks with monolithic cellular mats and rigid stationary stencils (see, for example: Karmazyn V. I. Processes and machines for the enrichment of useful minerals. -

M.: NEDRA, 1974 - pp. 115-188). These locks are simple in design, convenient in manufacturing and installation, and reliable in operation.

However, gravitational sedimentation in them is less effective, the smaller the density difference between the target product and the host rocks and/or soils, and the smaller in size and closer in shape to the plates the particles of the valuable heavy mineral being deposited. Moreover, even with a significant difference in density (for example, gold and quartz sand), the loss of finely dispersed and/or lamellar gold particles in the tailings after working out the placers with dredges is quite large.

Indeed, the cells of monolithic mats in 1.5-2 hours of work are clogged with sediment so tightly,

Ko) that even small grains and, even more so, finely dispersed and/or lamellar gold particles in the pulp flow freely jump over the formed bed and are carried away in the dump, and the proportion of the target product in the concentrate is usually significantly lower than possible. That is why in the Amur region of the Russian Federation, after the extraction of about 300 tons of gold from the original placers, more than 109 m3 of tailings remained, which, according to geologists, contain more than 600 tons of unextracted gold. In other words, at the place of natural placers, a man-made deposit with large reserves and practically inaccessible to conventional means of extraction arose.

It is natural that inventors and designers seek to improve the sluice gates for gravity sedimentation of heavy minerals from the pulp in order to increase the proportion of the target product in the concentrate that settles in the cells of the catch mat.

For example, in 5.831180, it was proposed to loosen the bed by forced oscillations of only the riffles of the stencils. However, in this way, only the upper layer of debris material that settles in the cells of the catching mats can be suspended, while the concentrate settled at the bottom remains practically untouched.

Attempts to suspend the entire mass of the concentrate by subjecting the locks to vibration as a whole (see the mentioned book by V.N. Shokhin and A.G. Lopatin, p. 221 and p. 228) are energetically disadvantageous and contribute to intensive destruction of hull parts. Not only that, the vibration of the entire sluice usually does not ensure effective loosening of the concentrate that settles in the depth of the cells of the catching mat (especially when black slag passes along with the gold into the concentrate).

Therefore, loosening of the concentrate to separate finely dispersed and/or lamellar particles of the target product from particles of host rocks and/or soils, which are removed in the enrichment tails, should be as targeted as possible.

One of the locks of this type is disclosed in VSH 2 095 147 (see Fig. 1 and its description). It has: (1) a flow chute, in which at least the bottom is made of non-ferromagnetic material and which in the working position is inclined to the horizontal and is connected at the upper end to the source of pulp and at the lower end to the means of diverting the tailings to the dump; (2) a cellular trapping mat placed on the bottom of the trough and equipped with inserts in the form of plates of permanent magnets at least under some cells; (3) a set of kinematically connected rigid stencils of shallow filling, each of which has located above the catching mat at the same level in at least two longitudinal rows wavy in plan with smoothly connected half-wave parts and connected to the drive of reciprocating movement along the chute; (4) a means of exciting vertical oscillations in the pulp flow based on an alternating current pulse generator and solenoids, the windings of which are connected to this generator by power supply, and the ends in the working position should be located under those cells of the catching mat that are equipped with the specified inserts.

Optionally, the known sluice can be equipped with: (5) a set of kinematically linked rigid deep-fill stencils in the form of sets also undulating in the plan of the riffles, which are located either at the beginning of the sluice above the catch mat, or above the corresponding shallow-fill stencils and connected to their own reciprocating longitudinal movement mechanism; and/or (6) transverse flutes, which are rigidly fixed in the frames of the stencils and are located in the spaces between the rows of wave-shaped flutes and between the extreme rows of such flutes and the sides of the chute and are practically equal in height to the wave-shaped flutes.

The well-known catching mat (see fig. 2 and its description) has: an upper cellular layer made of elastic material, in which each cell is limited along the perimeter by the sides and the bottom; the lower layer (in particular, the one resting in the working position on the bottom of the flow chute), which is also made of an elastic material and, at least in the working position, is connected to the upper layer; and said inserts in the form of plates of permanent magnets, which are firmly connected to the lower layer (in particular, pressed into it) and are located at least under some cells of the upper layer.

In this sluice, wave-shaped grooves and transverse grooves of the moving stencils and the sides of the cells of the trapping mat inhibit the pulp flow and purposefully distort the field of solid particle velocities. At the same time, particles of "light" rocks and/or soils move away from each bulge of the wave-like groove that part of the pulp flow bends in any channel, and particles of heavy minerals remain near or approach these bulges. Vertical oscillations of the mat under the impulse action of the solenoids loosen the concentrate settling in the cells, contributing to the multiple redistribution of solid particles in

From the field of speeds and enrichment of the concentrate with the target product.

Long-term operation of the described sluice showed that it is effective only under a set of such conditions, such as significant similarity of the granulometric composition of the original dispersed mass of rocks and/or soils and valuable heavy minerals and the stability of the "solid phase/liquid" ratio in the pulp in the preferred interval from 1/10 up to 1/7, because the excess of liquid contributes to the wear of the bed in the dump and even washing out the sediment from the cells, and the excess of the solid phase makes it difficult to loosen this sediment.

However, even under such conditions, only the largest finely dispersed and/or lamellar particles of valuable heavy minerals pass into the concentrate. Therefore, losses of the target product are reduced only at the beginning of filling the cells of the catching mat with concentrate.

To increase the degree of concentration of the target product in the cells of the trapping mat and, accordingly, the efficiency of extraction of valuable heavy minerals from natural and man-made placers, a more complex sluice was created, which can be considered the closest to the sluice proposed below in technical terms (see RI 2 262 385). It has: (1) a flow chute, in which at least the bottom is made of non-ferromagnetic material and which in the working position is inclined to the horizontal and is connected at the upper end to the source of pulp and at the lower end to the means of diverting the tailings to the dump; (2) preferably a two-layer resilient cellular trap mat having an upper cellular layer and a lower support layer provided with magnetic inserts under at least some of the cells of the upper layer and, in an operational position, resting on the bottom of the chute (whereas in one embodiment the upper layer has petal valves located above the bottom of each cell, and pile threads attached to the bottom of each cell between the valve petals and the sides of the cells); (3) a set of kinematically linked rigid shallow-fill stencils, each of which is connected to at least one reciprocating drive along the sides of the chute and said mat and has: (Za) located at the same level above said mat in at least two longitudinal rows of wave-like in plan, flutes having half-wave parts alternating in the direction of convexity and connected by flat inserts, and

(3b) movable transverse flutes, which are located in the spaces between the rows of wave-shaped flutes and between the extreme rows of such flutes and the sides of the gutter and which in each row are made in the form of separate plates installed with the possibility of rotation inside the corresponding channels, (Cv) rods for suspension of the specified plates of transverse ridges, which are passed through the indicated flat inserts between the half-wave parts of the wave-shaped ridges at the level of no more than half their height; and (4) a means of exciting vertical oscillations in the pulp flow based on an alternating current pulse generator and solenoids, in which the supply windings are connected to the generator and the ends in the operating position must be located under those cells of the trap mat that are equipped with magnetic inserts,

At the same time, each magnetic insert installed under the cells of the catching mat must be placed in the working position under the point of intersection of the geometric axis of one of the indicated rods with the plane of symmetry of one of the indicated flat inserts.

Such shapes and mutual arrangement of wavy and transverse ridges and the regular placement of magnetic inserts under the cells of the trapping mat theoretically allow: first, near each flat insert between the half-wave parts of the wavy ridges to briefly interrupt the redistribution of "light" rock and/or soil particles and heavy minerals in the horizontal field of velocities during the movement of the pulp around each successive half-wave part of the wave-shaped flute and, thereby, during each interruption, contribute to the vertical redistribution of the specified particles, i.e., the settling of heavy particles and the floating of light particles, and secondly, by vertical oscillations of the sediment and pulp over the magnetic liners to shake concentrate in the cells, suspending mainly "light" particles of rock and/or soil and throwing a significant part of them over the transverse grooves for removal to the dump.

This facilitates the deposition of even small finely dispersed and/or lamellar particles of the valuable heavy mineral into the concentrate. Therefore, the share of the target product in the concentrate and the efficiency of its extraction increase until the end of each successive cycle of the sluice.

Unfortunately, these advantages were "bought" at the price of a sharp complication of the lock design and a decrease in its operational reliability.

Indeed, folded wave-shaped flutes with flat inserts between the half-wave sections and trap mats with magnetic inserts must be manufactured and installed precisely enough to ensure that the bed and sediment in the mat cells are shaken in exactly the above volumes. These conditions are relatively easy to meet in the manufacture of small-sized sluices for geological exploration work, but difficult to fulfill in sluices for industrial development of placers. Not only that, the upper cellular layer of the elastic two-layer mat can irregularly shift relative to the lower support layer in each washing cycle, which significantly reduces the shaking efficiency even when using a well-known sluice for geological exploration. And, finally, the inevitable sign-changing deformation of wave-shaped flutes often leads to breakage at the junctions of their half-wave parts with flat inserts.

Brief summary of the essence of the invention

The invention is based on the task of changing the shape and mutual location of the means of inhibiting the flow of pulp and loosening the sediment with vertical shocks to create such a gateway for catching finely dispersed and/or lamellar particles of heavy minerals, which would be significantly simpler in design and more reliable in operation.

This problem is solved by the fact that, according to the invention, the sluice gate for the gravity sedimentation of heavy minerals from the pulp has: (1) a flow chute made of non-ferromagnetic material, which in the working position is inclined to the horizontal and is connected at the upper end to the pulp source and at the lower end to the tailing means beneficiation into the dump, (2) a cellular catch mat placed on the bottom of the chute, (3) a set of shallow-fill stencils independently connected to reciprocating drives along the sides of the chute and the catch mat, comprising: (Behind) the bottom adjacent to mat stencil, which has a rigid frame and also rigid straight transverse grooves, and

(36) the upper stencil, which is located above the lower stencil and has at least two rows of undulating grooves, each of which consists of half-wave parts alternating in the direction of the convexity, (4) located under the bottom of the chute, an intermediate elastic support with regular recesses and through central holes under each recess and placed in these recesses are non-ferromagnetic pushers, and (5) a means of exciting vertical oscillations in the pulp flow based on an adjustable alternating current pulse generator and solenoids with ferromagnetic cores, while the windings of the solenoids are connected to the power supply of the mentioned generator, and the cores located under the central holes in the support and fixed against falling out by the lower stops.

Compared to the prototype, this gateway is significantly simpler in design and more reliable in operation. The tests showed that the simultaneous, intensity-regulated shaking of the entire mass of sediment in the cells of the mat by the pushers and the mechanical loosening of the bed that occurs above the catching mat, with the help of the lower stencil, are quite sufficient to separate most of the finely dispersed and lamellar particles of heavy minerals from the pulp flow.

An additional difference is that the straight transverse grooves of the lower stencil are practically perpendicular to the sidewalls of the frame. This provides the same conditions for loosening the bed and throwing "light" particles of clastic material over the grooves.

The next additional difference is that each wave-shaped groove consists of smoothly connected circular half-cylinders. This simplifies the manufacture of the gateway.

Brief description of the drawings

Next, the essence of the invention is explained by a detailed description of the design and operation of the improved gateway with references to the attached drawings, which are shown in: fig. 1 - longitudinal section of the lock (with a break at the ends); fig. 2 - top view of the lock; fig. C - cross section of the lock; fig. 4 - the simplest version of the design of the lower stencil with straight grooves that are practically perpendicular to the sidewalls of the frame (top view);

From fig. 5 is the same as in fig. C (longitudinal section through the plane of symmetry; fig. 6 - a more complex version of the design of the lower stencil with straight flutes that are inclined to the sides of the frame at an angle of less than 90" (top view); fig. 7 - a set of examples of a possible cross-section of the flutes of the lower stencil; fig. 8 - a diagram of the overturning of fragmental material through the grooves of the lower stencil.

The shortest embodiment of an inventive idea

The basis of the sluice (Fig. 1) is a flow chute made of non-ferromagnetic material, which has side walls 1 and a mostly thin sheet bottom 2. In the working position, the chute is inclined to the horizontal (usually at an angle from 6" to 117) and is connected at the upper end to the pulp source , and at the lower end to the means of diverting the enrichment tails to the dump.

At the bottom of the chute 2, a usually elastic cellular catching mat 3 is placed. Above the mat C, stencils 4 and 5 of shallow filling are located one above the other. They are made of non-ferromagnetic material and are independently connected to reciprocating drives along the sides of the chute 1 and mat 3. These drives are conventionally shown in fig. 1 with not particularly marked pushers with hinges and pairs of oppositely directed arrows.

Each lower stencil 4, adjacent to the mat 3, has a rigid frame 6 and also rigid, mostly straight transverse grooves 7 (Figs. 4 and 6), which are usually practically perpendicular to the side walls of the frame 6 (Figs. 4 and 5), but can also be located at another angle (fig.b). Flutes 7 can be made of rods with different cross-sections, in particular in the form of a rectangle, a solid triangle, a solid semi-cylinder, a corner, an arc-shaped rod, etc. (Fig. 7). At the same time, a corner and an arcuate rod are preferred.

Each upper stencil 5 has (see Fig. 2) at least two rows of wavy in plan grooves 8, which consist of smoothly connected half-wave parts of almost the same height, not particularly marked, alternating in the direction of the convexity, and, for ease of manufacture, usually have the shape of circular semi-cylinders.

Under the bottom of the chute 2, the sluice has (see figures 1 and 3): firstly, an intermediate continuous or elastic (in particular, made of hard rubber) support 9 made of transverse strips with unmarked, particularly preferably cylindrical in plan, regular depressions and through central holes under each recess and non-ferromagnetic pushers 10 (usually in the form of flat washers) placed in these recesses, and

secondly, a means of exciting vertical oscillations in the pulp flow on the basis of a not shown particularly suitable adjustable pulse alternating current generator and solenoids 11 with cores 12. The windings of the solenoids 11 are connected to the mentioned generator by power supply, and the cores 12 are located under the mentioned central holes in the support 9 and fixed from falling out by the lower stops, not shown for the sake of simplicity.

The gateway is used for extraction and exploration of deposits of heavy minerals in the following way.

At the bottom of the flow chute 2, a catching mat C is placed and the chute is set in the desired working position. Then turn on the reciprocating drives of the stencils 4 and 5, start feeding the pulp and turn on the solenoids 11.

The tortuosity of the channels between the wave-shaped grooves 8 and between them and the sides of the chute 1 leads to the inhibition of the pulp and the redistribution of "light" particles of rocks and/or soils and "heavy" particles of the valuable mineral that is deposited in the field of velocities inside the curvilinear sections of the channels. This redistribution of solid particles in the channels is additionally facilitated by the reciprocating movement of the stencils 5.

The essential features of the gateway are as follows (see Fig. 8).

Usually synchronous and intensity-regulated vertical thrusts of flat washer pushers 1 into the thin-sheet bottom 2 of the airlock under the action of the cores 12 of the solenoids 11 effectively shake almost the entire mass of concentrate that settles in the cells of the mat 3 and, as it occurs, the bed above the mat 3, which the transverse grooves of 7 stencils 4 are also loosened.

This facilitates the floating of "light" particles of rocks and/or soils above the transverse grooves 7 with their subsequent transfer to the dump and the sliding of "heavy" particles (including even finely dispersed and/or lamellar particles of a valuable heavy mineral) along the side surfaces of the transverse grooves 7 into the cells of the catching mat C with the preparation of the concentrate.

After the cells of mat C are filled, the supply of pulp to the sluice is almost simultaneously stopped and the reciprocating drives of stencils 4 and 5 and solenoids 11 are turned off. Then the catching mat C is pulled out of the flow chute, the concentrate is removed from the cells of mat C in a well-known way and packed in a container not shown here is a container for storage and transportation to an enterprise for extracting the target product.

Then the process is repeated as described above.

It is clear from the experts that the given examples of the implementation of the inventive idea do not limit the scope of rights, given only by the claims of the invention, and that the described gateway can be: first, supplemented with sensors for determining the "solid phase/liquid" ratio in the pulp and means of controlling this ratio, system of automatic control of means of excitation of vertical oscillations in the pulp flow and other means of control, secondly, it is equipped with variable stencils 4 and 5 with different shapes and sizes of transverse 7 and wave-shaped 8 flutes and variable pushers 10 of different mass, and, thirdly, equipped with auxiliary equipment, for example, an arbitrary separator of ferromagnetic impurities at the entrance, at least one additional gate of a different design at the exit, etc.

Industrial suitability

Gateways according to the invention can be mass-produced at existing machine-building plants. Further, they can be preferentially used in dredges for hydraulic processing, first of all, of such natural and man-made placers, the granulometric composition of which is dominated by particles of precious metals smaller than 0.15 mm. In addition, the sluices are suitable: for cleaning the tailings of the tailings, for the selection of non-industrial impurities of gold and platinum during the hydraulic extraction of loose construction materials such as sand, for geological exploration and scientific research of various soils, weathering crusts, processes of hypergenic ore formation and sedimentation in general.

Claims (3)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION 1. A sluice for gravity sedimentation of heavy minerals from the pulp, having: 55 (1) a flow chute of non-ferromagnetic material, which in the working position is inclined to the horizontal and is connected at the upper end to the source of the pulp, and at the lower end to the means of diverting the enrichment tails to the dump, (2) a cellular catch mat placed on the bottom of the chute, (3) a set of shallow-fill stencils independently connected to reciprocating actuators along the sides of the chute and catch mat, including: (For) a lower mat-adjacent stencil having a rigid frame and also rigid straight transverse grooves, and (36) an upper stencil located above the lower stencil and having at least two rows of planar undulating grooves, each consisting of half-wave sections , alternating in the direction of the convexity, (4) an intermediate elastic support located under the bottom of the chute with regular recesses and through central holes under each recess and non-ferromagnetic pushers placed in these recesses, and (5) a means of exciting vertical oscillations in the pulp flow based on an adjustable pulse alternating current generator and solenoids with ferromagnetic cores, while the windings of the solenoids are connected to the mentioned generator, and the cores are located under the central holes in the support and fixed against falling out by the lower stops. 2. The gate according to claim 1, in which the straight transverse grooves of the lower stencil are practically perpendicular to the sidewalls of the frame. 3. The gate according to claim 1 or according to claim 2, in which each wave-shaped groove consists of smoothly connected circular half-cylinders. Yes, where are you? What is it that you are doing in the USA? kny so p ny i MNN a ov sht E ! T-- PO non aa Melon TIC uv oo oo Ko re resu u soya p Vikovi ; MNN MK ny EK i pone ee o Ve VI o NN y. 5 En, zenoya p mon SHU By BM 0 room. OM M "horn. 1 r V NN VI Bey ROSko reak: o a i KOZH ho Ker o kak a V du SCHE 5 i "EE: V kak SCHE r t shy yi Te I Shy uk Ko til v STU she suki tek M leutolnm Ky U y Su Biy ki TIK ti i niya Ki fenn he usu pre p K z sha okra M p pecheno: a NE NK, rya poh Z ny ki pn Yaa NI ny I Ko ka Da N yi i Ken konu a o Anna Fig. I love her. : I - x ah E not ; I Z her dream MAY oh Z jeno shi. nshk he EN KE Ne KI her and ; Mel Ko KХі -kt nano uh he БАК я Я х ke o WACHNDE IN вен ШВІ sni, і нения ника в і о Nv nene quit acne do not miss yuka shchei schi and with Kk; h she SE BsnV i at 5 she I rne VKn td Z PC ket pok ad rya and PE NN. VI OB pe i donya JAK PC S Han ze Y pec ry pooheiMNI ZAINK shi Y U ! sko EN She yad, vn ce EK MMK g IV di: tn Y MO IC V Pe g Me m u NE na N di ti RESNNNKU: Y I Z 5 Sho, 5 shi ee ee yan ok B M zov shk SHE V sh- e and Fig. With Borders and Y and what else is going on with the link and I | also I EE i : G; shchi I : i ke FROM SHHI : i r ! : b schi ii . : Y - E IB | | In! her) Y o 1 IN 1 TYA! ЖХІ Daily and giving "Fig. 4 - sen: beer lines A I KE ren o azanpnchtnnnnnv ether - Me zh Fig. 5 7 a ny To TSI He vn HU Her : Ne ;, x st t y TE 1: eh I - o Be Z 5 5 po. in: and ! y I nn a z x I ku b shi "Fig. 6 th dent sta nik also Ky be, . Fig. ny sany 7 ey pov s t I oo era a ee nvdykyunnnnntityaya yan zak START "Fig. 8