RS59272B1 - Drainage body - Google Patents

Description

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a drainage body according to the introductory part of patent claim 1.

[0002] At this point it should be mentioned that the invention also relates to a drainage unit consisting of a multitude of such drainage bodies, and in addition to other associated means.

[0003] Surface closure significantly worsens the groundwater balance. In addition, surface water, or rainwater must be drained and brought to processing plants. To solve this problem, drainage structures consisting of such drainage elements are built. Such drainage elements are known, for example, from the following patent documents: DE 202005 010 090 U1; DE 202 21 567 U1; DE 102005 056 131 A1; EP 1260 640 B1; DE 43 04 609 A1, EP 0787 865 B1; EP 0943 737 B1; EP 1416 099 B1; DE 697 00 174 T2; DE 299 24 050 U1; EP 1469 133 A2; EP 1887 145 A1; EP 1452 653 B1. These well-known drainage elements or drainage systems are only limitedly stable. In addition, there is a significant problem regarding transport and storage, since drainage units, on the one hand, should have as large an accumulation volume as possible, while on the other hand, this increases the volume for storage and stacking.

[0004] From DE 201 05 694 U1 a system for the accumulation and retention of water is known, which is constructed from perforated boxes with side walls in the form of a hemmed compartment. Thanks to this, a good stacking property is ensured. However, the known system is suitable for accepting larger loads if and only if the individual elements are relatively small. In addition, it is not possible to build units that conduct water from several such water storage boxes.

[0005] Molds are known from EP 0 612 888 A1, or. casting devices for making water drainage systems. However, the procedure described there is expensive and complicated.

[0006] The aim of the invention is to further improve the drainage body according to EP 1 416 099 A2, which represents the closest state of the art, so as to ensure greater stability, while improving the possibility of transport.

[0007] This goal is achieved by the drainage body according to claim 1.

[0008] Thanks to the special shaping of the distance elements, it is ensured that the surface units stand on top of each other much more stably. Thanks to this, not only can higher loads be accepted from the surface, but also higher drainage systems can be built that (among others) can accumulate larger volumes of water, and which are still stable.

[0009] According to the invention, the distance elements have essentially the shape of a bevelled cup or bevelled pyramid with a described cross-sectional area, which decreases with increasing distance from the surface units.

[0010] It is particularly desirable when a plurality of surface units can be stacked so that they overlap one another. In addition, thanks to the formation of surface units in such a way, the base and cover consist of identical structural parts, which further improves storage and transport, and reduces the complexity of production.

[0011] The distance elements are primarily made as hollow bodies with an internal cross-section, which is congruent with the external cross-section, so that the distance elements can be inserted one inside the other during stacking. Therefore, when stacking, distant elements do not lie next to each other, but inside each other, so that larger groups of surface units form stable assemblies. Distant elements are primarily designed as hollow bodies and are shaped integrally with the surface units.

[0012] Distant elements primarily have plug/socket fastening segments distributed so that in the assembled state they engage one inside the other. This leads to a further increase in the stability of the surface units that are stacked on top of each other. The surface units can be stacked in such a way that they overlap one another, so that the assembly distance of the surface units is essentially greater than their distance in the stacked state. Alternatively, one can also be provided, e.g. socket fastening segments in surface units, while other fastening segments are located on distant elements.

[0013] Distant elements primarily have locking means for mutual locking against distant elements or for locking distant elements with surface units in the mounted state. Thanks to this, the corresponding base and its associated cover already form stable units, which can therefore be assembled into larger "double bases".

[0014] The surface units further have breaking segments intended for the formation of the inspection opening, whereby the load distribution elements are primarily provided for placing on the inspection opening and for carrying the covering units. In this way, even larger drainage systems can be cleaned from time to time so that sludge and fines that prevent drainage can be washed away and vacuumed.

[0015] Thanks to their conical shape, the distance elements already have a very high stability against the formation of protrusions and buckling. Primarily, the spacers have stiffening elements on their shell surfaces, which further increase stability. Especially the outer surfaces are made with waves, which extend parallel to the longitudinal axes of the distant elements. Viewed as a whole, then wavy units of the surface are created, which resemble "pudding moulds". Thanks to this, a significant increase in the stability of distant elements was achieved in a simple way, especially against shear forces.

[0016] Primarily, side walls are provided, which are designed so that they can be attached to the base units and the covering units so as to connect them to each other. Accordingly, it is possible to realize structures that are completely closed all the way down to the openings for water leakage, and which can be embedded in the ground as hollow bodies.

[0017] It is particularly desirable when the side walls have side wall supports, which after the connection of the side walls with the base units and the covering units are engaged with the distance elements, in order to support the side walls. In this way, the forces acting on the side walls are transferred to the distant elements, so that a stronger stiffening of the side walls can be achieved, and that through the already existing distant elements.

[0018] The surface units primarily have connecting means especially along the edge of the sides for horizontal and/or vertical connection with other surface units and/or for mounting the side walls. These connecting means are primarily designed so that, for example, two surface units can be placed on top of each other and connected to each other, so that systems of arbitrary height can be built. Furthermore, surface units can be connected horizontally to each other, so that essentially surfaces of arbitrary size and shape can be built. Finally, walls can be inserted along the edges, so that hollow bodies that have a large volume as a whole are realized. Wall elements can also be used for stabilization in the vertical direction.

[0019] The connecting means are primarily designed so that the surface units do not have protruding edges. This ensures that said systems are constructed without backlash, which improves the stability of the system.

[0020] Distant elements can be performed as separate elements. However, the distance elements are primarily performed as hollow bodies and are shaped integrally with the surface units. This measure provides a particularly cheap possibility of producing plastic drainage bodies using manufacturing processes known as such.

[0021] Primarily, a number of additional elements are provided with which drainage bodies can be incorporated into drainage systems. This includes special covering elements, which are designed to cover openings in surface units. An example of this is the openings in the area of the supporting elements, which are made as hollow bodies. Therefore, when the distance elements that are made as hollow bodies have openings for the passage of water that needs to be drained, then cover elements with openings are also provided for them, so that the water that needs to be drained can also penetrate through these covers into the surrounding soil.

[0022] It is now possible to construct individual, box-shaped drainage bodies and to assemble them into large units through their connecting means located along their edges. However, greater stability is achieved when the base units and the cover units, to form a joint, are mounted so that they overlap each other like bricks in a wall. For these purposes, the distance elements and/or the plug-in fastening segments and the plug-in fastening segments are arranged on the surface units so that the base units and the covering units can be laid one on top of the other so as to overlap. It is possible for individual units to be laid at an angle of 90°. The advantages of this method of laying correspond to those known in the construction works. Such a schedule is realized especially when the following rules apply:

a) the assembly of identically designed fastening segments on one half of the area unit is made as in a mirror in relation to the diagonals of this half of the area unit;

b) the assembly of fastening segments is performed as in a mirror in relation to the first bisector of the surface unit;

c) in relation to the second bisector of the unit area, the assembly of fastening segments is reversed so that it is in a position like a mirror in relation to the corresponding second fastening segment.

[0023] From the above it follows that protection is also required for a drainage system containing a plurality of drainage bodies of the type described above. This drainage system consists of base units, to which cover units are joined so that they overlap each other like bricks in a wall.

[0024] Preferred embodiments of the invention will be described in more detail below based on the drawings. At the same time, it shows.

Figure 1 is a horizontal projection of a surface unit whose appearance corresponds to the line I-I from Figure 2,

figure 2 section of the area unit from figure 1 along line II-II from figure 1,

Fig. 3 bottom view of the surface unit from Fig. 1 whose appearance corresponds to line III-III from Fig. 2,

figure 4 a horizontal projection of the cover to cover the opening, as shown in figures 1 to 3,

picture 5 view of part of the wall element,

Fig. 6 layout of the surface unit from Figs. 1 to 3 whose layout corresponds to line VI-VI from Fig. 1,

Figures 7 to 9 are cross-sectional views corresponding to Figure 2 of two surface units in different states, i.e. single stacked (Figure 7) in the state immediately before mutual assembly (Figure 8) and in the mutually assembled state (Figure 9),

Figure 10 is an enlarged view of area X from Figure 9,

Figure 11 is a schematic representation of the mounting of the cover units on the base units to form a joint,

Figure 12 shows a horizontal projection corresponding to Figure 1, but for another example of the execution of the surface unit,

Figure 13 side view of load distribution element,

Fig. 14 is a bottom view of the load distribution element of Fig. 13 along line XIV-XIV of Fig. 13,

Fig. 15 a horizontal projection of one group of surface units from Fig. 12, which are assembled into a base unit, as well as a group of such surface units, which are assembled into a cover unit and can be placed on a base unit,

Figures 16 to 19 are schematic views of folding plug and socket fastening segments, Figures 20 and 21 are two axonometric views of the following example of the execution of surface units,

picture 22 completed drainage body for which no protection is required with two open side walls i

Fig. 23 partially cut drainage body similar to Fig. 22.

[0025] In the following description, the same parts and parts that function the same are designated by the same reference numerals.

[0026] The surface unit shown in Figures 1 to 6 is the so-called "minimum element", which as the surface unit 10 has a lattice structure, which extends from the distant elements 20, 20' in the form of a hemmed compartment. These distance elements 20, 20' have differently shaped end segments. The distance element 20 has a socket end segment 21, while the distance element 20' has a socket end segment 22. These end segments are dimensioned so that the socket end segment 21 can be inserted into the socket end segment 22 so that it fits.

[0027] Furthermore, the distance elements 20, 20' have congruent inner and outer cross-sections which can be inserted one inside the other.

[0028] Furthermore, the units 10 of the surface have edges 17, which are shaped continuously so that when the units 10 of the surface are laid, they overlap one another essentially without a gap.

[0029] In order for surface units 10 lying next to each other to be connected to each other, holding grooves 41 are provided in the edge areas of the surface units, into which connecting outlets 42 can be inserted (see Figure 3). Accordingly, the connecting outlet 42 in the assembled state fits into two holding grooves 41 that are adjacent to each other in two units 10 of the surface that abut one another. In order that the two units 10 of the surface could also be placed on top of each other (in which case the distant elements 20 extend in mutually opposite directions) the following connection outlets 42 are shown (not shown in the drawings), which have only half the cross-section of the connection outlet 42 shown here, so that then the connection outlet does not protrude over the edge 17 of the units 10 of the surface that abut one another. If two such groups of surface units 10 that are adjacent to each other need to be connected to each other from all sides, then connecting drains are provided for these purposes, which have double the height of the connecting drains, which serve only for "horizontal connection" of surface units 10.

[0030] In order for the side walls 15 (see figure 5) to be mounted, the surface units 10, on the one hand, have edge grooves 16, and on the other side, plug-in pins 44, which can be inserted into the plug-in openings 43 of the side walls 15. In this case, the edges of the side walls 15 are shaped so that when the side wall 15 is connected to the surface unit 10, the side wall 15 does not protrude beyond the edge 17 of the unit 10 surface.

[0031] In order for the openings 23, 23' (see figures 2 and 3) to be closed, covers 35 are provided (see figure 4).

[0032] The surface units shown in figures 1 to 3, 5 and 6 are once again shown schematically in section in figures 7 to 10 (similar to figure 2). At the same time, in Figure 7, two surface units 10 are inserted one inside the other. The resulting height DS, i.e. the stacking height, is relatively only slightly higher than the height of the individual surface unit to which the height of the distance elements 20, 20' has been added.

[0033] In order for the two units 10 of the surface to be attached to each other for the purpose of forming a drainage body, one unit 10 of the surface is reversed in relation to the other unit 10 of the surface, so that the arrangement/assembly shown in Figure 8 is created. Thus, the remote element 20, which has a plug-in end segment 21 on its upper edge, stands opposite the remote element 20', which has a plug-in segment 22. These end segments can be - as those shown in figure 9 - inserted one inside the other, so that then the units 10 of the surface, on the one hand, form the unit 11 of the base, and on the other hand, the unit 12 for the cover. At the same time, in the plug-in end segments 21 and in the plug-in end segments 22, teeth 24 are provided on one side, and on the other, notches 25, which - as shown in Figure 10 - engage one inside the other, so that the unit 11 of the base is connected to the unit 12 for covering via the distance elements 20, 20'. Therefore, when the two surface units 10 are connected to each other via distance elements 20 and locking means 24, 25, they form already solid bodies, which provide stability in all directions. At the same time, the installation distance DE is significantly greater than the distance DS when stacking.

[0034] Figure 11 shows how different surface units can be assembled together to form a joint. From this view, it can be seen that the units 12 for covering are mounted on the units 11 of the base, shifted in relation to them, so that in Figure 11 the assembly of three units 10, 10', 10" of the surface, which is shown on the right side, joined into a single body, (in Figure 11 it extends to the left) can be arbitrarily continued. This contributes to a significant increase in the stability of such an entire assembly.

[0035] The surface unit shown in Figure 12 in a horizontal projection similar to Figure 1 differs from the previously described surface unit primarily in that it is not a "minimum surface unit", but is derived from a total of four such surface units (integral).

[0036] Furthermore, with the surface unit 10 from Figures 12 to 14, one row of segments 13 for breaking is provided, which are covered by the remaining surface unit 10 as a grid, and which can still be broken off from the material surrounding them. Such openings serve as inspection openings intended for access to the interior of the drainage body. After embedding such drainage bodies in the soil, that is, when they are covered with a layer of soil, load distribution elements 30 are then placed, which can be placed on such broken segments 13 for breaking. These load distribution members 30 have a shortenable tubular segment 31 which can be closed at its upper end by means of a conventional (cast iron) cap (not shown) so that an inspection opening 34 is formed after the cap is removed. At the lower end of the load distribution elements 30, supporting arms 32 are provided, which are used to transfer the forces acting on the upper end (ie on the installed cover) to the largest possible surface area of the surface unit 10.

[0037] At this point, it should be emphasized that the previously described details, such as e.g. connecting means 41 and 43, should also exist in the examples of execution from figures 12 to 14, although they are not shown for reasons of simplification of the display.

[0038] From the above it follows that by means of the surface units 10 presented here and their distant elements 20, arbitrary spaces and channels can be realized, the outer contours of which end only with the side walls 15 (see Figure 5). When it is desirable to increase the stability of such realized bodies, then internal side walls can also be placed in them.

[0039] The assembly of multiple surface units from Figure 12 is shown in Figure 15. On the left side of Figure 15, the base unit 11 is shown, while the cover unit 12 is shown on the right. When the cover unit 12 is placed on the base unit 11, so that the plug-in fastening segments 21 are inserted into the plug-in fastening segments 22, this creates a drainage body, which, thanks to the assembly to form a joint, without additional binding of the base unit 11 and the cover unit 12 formed by the surface units 10, is extremely stable as such.

[0040] Figures 16 to 19 now show different examples of how the "opposite" fastening means are arranged, that is, the plug-in fastening means 21 and the socket-out fastening means 22, so that, on the one hand, the surface units can be formed as base units and cover units, and on the other hand, assembly can be carried out to form a joint.

[0041] In the following, another example of the execution of the drainage body will be explained on the basis of pictures 20 to 23. At the same time, these pictures of the plan show the corresponding individual units of the surface or. drainage bodies, which are derived from individual surface units.

However, based on the previous examples of execution, it follows that such individual elements can be incorporated so that they are connected with other individual elements into larger drainage bodies.

[0042] Area units or drainage bodies from pictures 20 to 23 differ from the previous examples of execution, first of all, in that the distant elements do not have smooth surfaces, but the waves 26 or by the surfaces of the envelopes which are wavy. This enables a significant increase in stability, especially against transverse loads, as well as against the formation of protrusions, or twisting.

[0043] The side walls have supports 18 of the side walls, which in the assembled state (see figures 22 and 23) act as a support for the side walls 15 on the distant elements. Reference is also made here to figures 8 and 9, which show in principle how such a reliance works. This construction ensures a significant increase in the stability of the drainage body and an increase in resistance against lateral loads.

[0044] Further, from figures 20 to 23 it can be seen that the surface units 10 and the side walls 15 are made as honeycomb bodies and that good permeability for water, on the one hand, and high stability, on the other hand, are thereby achieved. Surface units 10 and side walls 15 have only the above-described breaking segments 13, through which pipeline connections can be made or inspection openings can be made.

Callsign list

[0045]

10 area units

11 base units

12 units for coverage

13 segment for breaking

15 side wall

16 edge groove

17 edges

18 side wall bracket

20, 20' spacer

21 plug-in fastening segments

22 socket attachment segment

23, 23' opening

1

24 teeth

25 notch

26 wavy part for stiffening

30 load distribution element 31 tubular segment

32 support arm

34 inspection hatch

35 lid

41 holding grooves

42 connecting outlet

43 socket hole

44 socket pins

Dismantling distance

DStacking distance

Claims (12)

Patent claims 1. Drainage body, which contains several identically shaped units (10) of the surface, i.e. several units (11) of the base and several units (12) for covering shaped identically to the units (11) of the base, which can be connected to each other via distant elements (20) at the assembly distance (DE), indicated by, which the distance elements (20, 20') have the shape of a hemmed cup or a hemmed pyramid with a described cross-sectional area, which decreases with increasing distance from the units (10) of the surface, and are located on the units (10) of the surface so that the units (11) of the base and the units (12) for covering can be laid so as to overlap each other like bricks in a wall and the units (11) of the base are displaced with respect to the units (12) for covering and they are connected to them by means of distant elements (20, 20') in order to form a drainage body, so that the assembly of three units (10, 10', 10") connected in this way can be continued in an arbitrary way. 2. Drainage body according to claim 1, indicated by, which are distant elements (20) performed as hollow bodies and are formed integrally with the units (10) of the surface. 3. Drainage body according to one of the previous requirements, indicated by, which the surface units (10) can be stacked so that they are identically oriented and overlap one another, so that the mounting distance (DE) of the surface units (10) is essentially greater than their mutual distance (DS) in the stacked state. 4. Drainage body according to one of the previous requirements, indicated by, which the distant elements (20) and/or units (10) of the surface have plug-in-plug-fastening segments (21, 22) which are arranged so that the corresponding complementary fastening segments (21, 22) mutually engage one inside the other in the assembled state. 5. Drainage body according to claim 4, indicated by, which are corresponding mutually complementary fastening segments (21, 22) located on the unit (10) of the surface so that the following rules apply: a) the assembly of identically designed fastening segments (21, 22) on one half of the unit (10) of the surface is made as in a mirror in relation to the diagonals of this half of the unit (10) of the surface; b) the assembly of fastening segments (21, 22) is performed as in a mirror in relation to the first bisector of the unit (10) of the surface; c) in relation to the second bisector of the surface unit (10), the assembly of fastening segments (21, 22) is reversed so that it is in a mirror position in relation to the corresponding second fastening segment (21, 22). 6. Drainage body according to one of the requirements 4 or 5, indicated by, which the fastening segments (21, 22) have locking means (24, 25) for locking the opposing distance elements (20) and/or for locking the distance elements (20) with the surface units (10) in the assembled state. 7. Drainage body according to one of the previous requirements, indicated by, which the surface units (10) have breaking segments (13) intended to form the inspection opening (34) and which are provided as load-distributing elements (30) for placing on the inspection opening (34) and for carrying the cover units (12). 8. Drainage body according to one of the previous requirements, indicated by, which the distant elements (20, 20') have stiffening elements on their envelope surfaces, and in particular wavy stiffening parts (26) intended for stiffening against the formation of protrusions and buckling. 9. Drainage body according to one of the previous requirements, indicated by, which 1 side walls (15) are provided and are designed so that they can be attached to the base units (11) and the cover units (12) so as to connect them to each other. 10. Drainage body according to claim 9, indicated by, which the side walls (15) have supports (18) of the side walls, which, after connecting the side walls (15) with the units (11) of the base and the units (12) for covering, in order to support the side walls (15), are in engagement with the distant elements (20, 20'), primarily at their ends. 11. Drainage body according to one of the previous requirements, indicated by, which surface units (10) especially along the edge of the sides have connecting means (41, 43) for horizontal and/or vertical connection with other surface units (10) and/or for mounting the side walls (15). 12. Drainage body according to one of the previous requirements, indicated by covering elements (35) intended for covering the openings in the surface units (10) in the area of the distant elements (20).