LT5918B - Polychromatic solid-staye light sources for the control of colour saturation of illuminated surfaces - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is related to polychromatic light sources of white light, which are composed of at least two different coloured emitters, such as groups of light- emitting diodes (LEDs). Disclosed are the spectral power distributions and relative partial radiant fluxes of the coloured emitters that allow controlling the colours saturating ability of the generated light, namely, the ability to render colours with increased saturation and the ability to render colours with decreased saturation. Also disclosed is a method for dynamical tailoring the colour saturating ability of the generated light.

Description

Technical field

The present invention relates to multicolored white light sources comprising at least two groups of colored emitters such as light emitting diodes (LEDs) or lasers having different spectral power distributions (SPDs) and relative partial beam fluxes (RPRFs). Such sources are designed to produce white light with a predicted correlated color temperature (CCT) and a predetermined 10 minimum luminous efficacy (LER) or minimum luminous efficiency such that the color saturation capacity of illuminated surfaces can be controlled. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention describe two-color, tri-color, and quad-color sources that exhibit at least a predetermined portion of a plurality of color samples with magnified (reduced) color relative to a reference light source such as black body or day-phase luminance. while at most other predetermined portions, a large number of color samples are rendered with reduced (increased) color saturation. A method for forming an SPD from narrowband radiation to control the color saturation is described, spectral compositions of white light with different color saturation capacities are disclosed, and a light source with dynamically tuned color saturation is proposed.

Definitions:

LED (Light Emitting Diode) - An LED that converts electricity into light through injection electroluminescence.

Color space - a model for mathematical representation of a color set. Munson specimens - A set of color specimens proposed by Munsell and subsequently updated, in which each specimen is characterized by its color tone, light (light scale), and saturation (color purity / saturation scale).

- Color rendered with enhanced saturation - the color of a test specimen which, when replaced by a reference light source with a test source, has a color shift out of the area of the color chart that covers all colors not distinguishable by the average human eye.

Color rendered with reduced saturation, the color of a test specimen that, when replaced by a reference light source with a test source, has a color shift out of the area of the color chart that includes all colors not distinguished by the average human eye.

MacAdam Ellipses - Areas in the color plane of the color space that include all colors almost indistinguishable by the average human eye from the color at the center of the area.

Description of the Related Art [00] White light can be composed of colored components using a color mixing principle based on three color mixing equations. It follows from the principle of color mixing that by using blends containing only two colored components, such as blue and yellow or red and green blue, white light with the intended CCT can be obtained when these colored components are complementary, i.e. both their color tones and RPRF are fine tuned in some way. A set of three colored components such as red, green and blue can be used to produce white light with different CCT and different color rendering properties depending on the SPD and RPRF of each selected emitter group. When four or more suitable color components are used, the three color mixing equations do not provide a single solution for the selected white light color, i.e. white light of the same color can be obtained using infinite SPDs containing combinations of colored components with various RPRFs. This means that a specific set of four or more primary sources can change the color rendering properties of white light.

The combination of white light SPD in a single lamp is made possible by the development of solid-state lighting technology based on luminaires. The luminaires use the principle of injectable electroluminescence, which generates narrow-band radiation with a spectral peak controlled by varying the chemical composition and thickness of the light-producing (active) layers. Some luminaires use partial or total electroluminescence conversion to other wavelengths. Existing luminaires come in many colors, are small in size and work in a way that allows you to change the output current with a power supply. Arraying of differently colored LEDs in arrays, the use of electronic circuits to control the partial flow of each emitter group, and the application of optical means for the uniform distribution of color-mixed radiation allow the creation of universal light sources with predetermined or dynamically tunable color-rendering properties.

Such versatility of lighting properties has been the subject of numerous prior art patents and publications. DA Doughty et al. (US patent no. 5,851,063, 1998) proposed a light source, consisting of 4 colored groups of LEDs when the LED wavelengths are selected so that the general color rendering index (R _a) defined by the International Commission on Illumination (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage, CIE) (CIE Publication No. 13.3, 1995), is at least about 80 or 85. HF Bčrner et al. (U.S. Patent No. 6,234,645, 2001) discloses an illumination system consisting of four illuminators with a luminous efficiency and R _a having at least predetermined values. In subsequent journals, a balance was found between the LER and the overall color rendering index, as well as optimal wavelengths for four-color and five-color sources (A. Žukauskas et al., Proc. SPIE 4445, 148, 2001; A. Žukauskas et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 234, 2002; A. Žukauskas et al., Int. J. High Speed Electron. Syst. 12, 429, 2002). M. Shimizu et al. (U.S. Patent Nos. 6,817,735, 2004, and 7,008,078, 2006) disclose four-color solid-state white light sources with at least 90 overall color rendering and enhanced color saturation (enhanced color gamut area for four standard CIE color samples). I. Ashdovvn and M. Salsbury (U.S. Patent Application No. 2008/0013314, 2008) disclose a light source having four or more light emitting elements combined with partial beam fluxes such that a balance can be achieved between qualitative illumination characteristics such as R _a or Color Quality Scales (CQS; W. Davis and Y. Ohno, Proc. SPIE 5941, 59411 G, 2005; W. Davis and Y. Ohno, Opt.

Eng. 49, 033602, 2010), and quantitative characteristics such as luminous efficiency and power output.

However, the above optimization techniques for white light sources consisting of multiple colored components do not fully exploit the benefits of universal color quality for solid state illumination. Most methods are based solely on white light color rendering accuracy characteristics, such as the overall color rendering index, or use composite characteristics that integrate accurate color rendering and 10 color saturation. In addition, the use of a general color rendering indicator as the only indicator of light quality is contrary to the visual ranking of solid-state light sources (N. Narendran and L. Deng, Proc. SPIE 4776, 61, 2002; Y. Nakano et al., Proc. AIC Color). 05, Granada, Spain, 2005, p. 1625) and is currently recognized as obsolete (CIE Publication No. 177, 2007). One of the reasons for the inadequacy of R _a 15 is the equal treatment of different types of color distortion. Meanwhile, distortions that increase color saturation are known to be visually tolerated and even preferred. Another reason is the impossibility of using a large number of color samples in the R _a estimation procedure, since the average color shift used in the general color rendering indicator 20 makes little sense when samples have very different color saturations. Efforts to mitigate the problem of color saturation in estimating the color quality of light while increasing R _a and gamut area with low number of color specimens or tolerating color saturation distortions (CQS method) cannot fully describe the color quality of illumination. The measure of color quality must take into account at least two different characteristics of color rendering: the ability to render colors to look "natural" (color accuracy) and the ability to render colors to make colors appear "bright" and easily distinguishable (color saturation) ( MS Rea and JP Freyssinier-Nova, Color Res, Appl., 33, 192, 2008; A. Žukauskas et al., IEEE J. Sel. Top. Ouantum Electron, 15, 1753,

2009). These two color quality characteristics are opposed to each other and can only be optimized by balancing each other, since colors that look "natural" do not exhibit enhanced saturation and vice versa.

A more advanced approach to color quality of light sources is based on the analysis of color displacement vectors for any number of different color samples and the division of these samples into several groups depending on the nature of the color distortion that occurs when a reference source is replaced by a tester (A. Žukauskas et al. . Top. Ouantum Electron. 15, 1753, 2009; A. Žukauskas et al., J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 43, 354006, 2010). In this statistical method, which clearly distinguishes different properties of color rendering, color shift vectors are numerically sorted according to their behavior with respect to differences perceived in color and light experimentally. The relative numbers (percentages) of color samples with different types of color distortion are then defined as statistical color quality indicators: Color Accuracy Index (CFI; Percentage of samples having color shifts smaller than perceived color difference), Color Enrichment Rate (CSI) ; percentage of samples with color shift vector with perceptible increase in color saturation) and color fading index (CDI; percentage of samples with color shift vector with perceptible decrease in saturation).

The statistical method was used to maximize CFI in the case of multicolored white lamps composed of colored LEDs (A. Žukauskas et al. PCT Patent Application Publication No. WO 2009102745), as well as in the case of white LEDs with full and partial shortwave radiation conversion (respectively, A). Žukauskas et al. PCT Patent Application Publication No. VV02009117286 and A. Žukauskas et al. PCT Patent Application Publication No. VV02009117287). The same approach was used to develop basic design rules for LED-based lamps with maximized CSI (A. Žukauskas et al. Opt. Express 18, 2287, 2010). Specifically, it has been shown that a composite light source with the highest CSI consists of three particular narrow-band color components (A. Žukauskas et al., Opt. Express 18, 2287, 2010), while other mixtures of two or three color components can produce a large CDI (A. Žukauskas et al., J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 43, 354006, 2010).

The closest prototype of the proposed white light sources is the aforementioned multicolor white light bulb for maximizing color rendering accuracy, consisting of colored LEDs, which are described in PCT patent application publication no. VV02009102745. However, this lamp lacks the ability to control the color saturation, which is one of the most important characteristics of color in light sources.

The essence of the invention

The main object of the invention is to provide a multicolour white light source with versatile color saturation control. To the extent known to the applicant and inventors, prior to the disclosure of this invention:

(a) for light sources composed of multiple groups of colored emitters, the SPD has not been optimized such that, for example, a large number of surface colors are rendered with enhanced saturation while a small number of surface colors are rendered with reduced saturation or vice versa , a large number of surface colors would be rendered with a reduced saturation, while a small number of surface colors would be rendered with an increased saturation;

(b) no multicolor light sources with dynamically adjustable color saturation capability were offered;

(c) SPDs for the most suitable multicolor light sources with controllable color saturation have not been selected;

(d) RPRF-generated color LEDs with multiple SPDs that produce light sources with different color saturation capacities have not been identified.

The main aspects of the present invention pertain to multicolored white light sources which are composed of at least two groups of colored emitters having different SPDs such as LEDs. Such sources are optimized by selecting the most appropriate SPDs and RPRFs for each color emitter group, such that the white light with the intended CCT color saturation capability is detected and controlled by assigning a desired color to the surface, which appears to have increased and decreased color saturation, respectively. ratio.

A first aspect of the invention relates to light sources having a predetermined CCT and a predetermined minimum LER or minimum luminous efficacy, comprising at least two groups of color beams, wherein the SPDs and RPRFs generated by each group of emitters are set such that relative to the reference light source When exposed to each of more than fifteen color samples (distinguished by the average human eye), the color rendering capacity is adjusted so that: (a) at least a predetermined portion of the color samples are rendered with enhanced color saturation; and (b) no more than another predetermined fraction of the color samples are rendered with reduced saturation. Alternatively, the saturation capability shall be determined such that: (a) at least a predetermined portion of the color samples are reproduced with reduced saturation; and (b) not more than the other predetermined fraction of the color samples are rendered with enhanced color saturation.

A second aspect of the invention relates to a light source having a predetermined CCT comprising at least four groups of colored emitters with predetermined SPDs, wherein the RPRF generated by the emitters of each group is dynamically varied such that when compared to a reference light source each as the fifteen color samples (distinguished by the average human eye as different), the source's color saturation capability is tuned, the number of color samples rendered with reduced color saturation decreases, while the number of color samples rendered with increased color saturation increases. Alternatively, the number of color samples rendered with reduced color saturation increases, while the number of color samples rendered with increased color saturation decreases.

Other aspects of the invention may include means for controlling the RPRF generated by each group of colored emitters, means for uniformly distributing the light generated by each group of colored emitters, and / or implementing means for some or all of the features described herein. These illustrative aspects of the invention are intended to solve one or more of the problems described herein.

More particularly, the present invention includes a solid state light source having a predetermined correlated color temperature and a predetermined minimum luminous efficacy or minimum luminous efficacy comprising at least one set of at least two sets of visible light emitters having different spectral power distributions and individual relative partial radiators 10 streams, an electronic circuit for controlling the average power current of each emitter group and / or the number of emitters lighted in each emitter group, and a component for evenly distributing the radiation emitted by different emitter groups across the illuminated object, generating spectral power distributions for each emitter group; The 15 fluxes are such that, when compared to a reference light source, each of more than fifteen color samples is illuminated , for the average human eye as different, the saturation capacity for color is controlled such that both a portion of the color samples rendered with enhanced color saturation and a portion of the color samples transmitted with reduced color saturation are predetermined and / or dynamically tuned.

The light sources described in the present invention are characterized by a correlated color temperature in the range of about 2500 to 10,000 K. In optimum embodiments of the present invention, the color saturation capability of said light sources is evaluated with respect to the color adaptation of the human vision; and / or emitters of light sources are composed of light emitting diodes which emit light by injection electroluminescence in semiconductor junctions or by injection electroluminescence in partial or total conversion in wavelength converters containing phosphorus.

One embodiment of the present invention describes a color-rich light source comprising at least three visible light emitters, wherein the spectral power distributions of each emitter group and the relative partial beam fluxes generated are such that, relative to a reference light source, each of more than fifteen color samples is illuminated. distinguished by the average human eye as:

(a) at least a predetermined portion of the color samples is reproduced with enhanced color saturation; and (b) not more than the other predetermined fraction of the color samples are rendered with reduced color saturation.

Alternatively, the relative partial beam fluxes generated by each of said emitter groups are such that the difference between a portion of the color samples rendered with increased saturation and a portion of the color samples transmitted with reduced saturation is maximized.

In an embodiment of a color saturating light source, the source has a correlated color temperature in the range of 2700-6500 K and a luminous efficiency of at least 250 lm / W and includes three groups of colored LEDs with an average bandwidth of about 30 nm and peak wavelengths of about 408-486 nm, In the intervals of 509-553 nm and 605-642 nm, where at least 60% of the colors of more than 1000 different color samples are rendered at enhanced saturation and no more than 4% of the colors of the samples are rendered at reduced saturation.

In an optimal embodiment of the enrichment light source, the three groups of colored LEDs include, respectively, blue electroluminescent InGaN LEDs with a peak wavelength at about 452 nm and a bandwidth of approximately 20 nm, green electroluminescent InGaN LEDs with a wavelength of about 52 nm 32 nm bandwidth and AIGalnP red LEDs with peak wavelengths at about 625 nm and about 15 nm bandwidth, where, at more than 1,200 different color samples, a fraction of the samples transmitted at enhanced saturation are maximized, and part of the samples that are transmitted with reduced saturation is minimized:

(a) up to about 77% and about 1%, respectively, at 3000 K correlated color temperature, selecting between 0.103, 0.370 and 0.527 relative partial fluxes of LEDs generated at 452 nm, 523 nm and 625 nm, respectively;

(b) up to about 70% and about 0%, respectively, at 4500 K correlated color temperature, selecting 0.195, 0.401, and 0.405 relative partial fluxes of LEDs generated at 452 nm, 523 nm, and 625 nm, respectively;

(c) up to about 67% and about 2%, respectively, at 6500 K correlated color temperature, selecting 0.283, 0.392, and 0.325 relative partial rays generated at 452 nm, 523 nm, and 625 nm, respectively.

Another embodiment of the present invention describes a color-fading light source comprising at least two groups of visible light emitters, wherein the spectral power distributions of each emitter group and the relative partial beam fluxes generated are such that each of more than fifteen colors is illuminated specimens, which are distinguished by the average human eye as:

(a) at least a predetermined part of the color samples is reproduced with reduced saturation; and (b) not more than the other predetermined fraction of the color samples are rendered with enhanced color saturation.

Alternatively, the relative partial beam fluxes generated by each of said emitter groups are such that the difference between a portion of the color samples transmitted with a reduced saturation and a portion of the color samples transmitted with the increased saturation is maximized.

In embodiments of a color-fading light source, the source has a correlated color temperature in the range of 2700-6500 K and a light efficiency of at least 250 lm / W and includes:

(a) two groups of colored LEDs with a mean bandwidth of about 30 nm and having peak wavelengths in the range of about 405-486 nm and 570585 nm, or (b) three groups of colored LEDs with a mean bandwidth of about 30 nm and having a peak wavelength at approximately 408-486 nm, 490560 nm and 585-600 nm, where at least 60% of more than 1000 different color samples are rendered with reduced saturation and no more than 4% of the color samples are rendered with increased saturation .

In an optimal embodiment of the fading color light source, the three groups of colored LEDs include, respectively, blue electroluminescent InGaN LEDs with a peak wavelength of about 452 nm and a bandwidth of about 20 nm, green electroluminescent InGaN LEDs with a wavelength of about 52 nm 32 nm bandwidth and amber electroluminescent AIGalnP LEDs with a peak wavelength at about 591 nm and about 15 nm bandwidth, where, at more than 1,200 different color samples, a fraction of the samples transmitted with reduced saturation are maximized, and part of the samples that are transferred with increased enrichment is minimized:

(a) up to about 67% and 1% at 3000 K correlated color temperature, respectively, selecting 0.154, 0.228 and 0.618 relative partial beam fluxes generated by 452 nm, 523 nm and 591 nm LEDs, respectively;

(b) up to about 58% and 1%, respectively, at 4500 K correlated color temperature, selecting 0.254, 0.308, and 0.438 relative partial fluxes generated at 452 nm, 523 nm, and 591 nm, respectively;

(c) up to about 51% and 0% at 6500 K correlated color temperature, respectively, selecting 0.346, 0.320, and 0.334 relative partial fluxes generated by 452 nm, 523 nm, and 591 nm LEDs, respectively.

Another embodiment of the present invention describes a light source with low color saturation distortions, comprising at least three groups of visible light emitters, wherein the spectral power distributions of each emitter group and the relative partial beam fluxes generated are such that compared to a reference light source more than fifteen color samples, distinguished by the average human eye:

(a) no more than a predetermined fraction of the color samples are reproduced with reduced saturation; and (b) not more than the other predetermined fraction of the color samples are rendered with enhanced color saturation.

Alternatively, the relative partial radiation fluxes generated by each of said emitter groups are selected such that portions of the color samples transmitted with both increased and reduced saturation are minimized below a predetermined portion.

In embodiments of a light source having low color saturation distortions, the source has a correlated color temperature in the range of 2700-6500 K and a light efficiency of at least 250 lm / W and includes:

(a) three groups of colored LEDs with an average bandwidth of approximately 30 nm and having peak wavelengths in the range of approximately 433-487 nm, 519562 nm and 595-637 nm, with portions of more than 1000 different color samples reproduced with both reduced , both with increased saturation, are minimized to 14%, or (b) four groups of colored LEDs with an average bandwidth of about 30 nm and having peak wavelengths of about 434-475 nm, 495-537 nm, 555-590 nm, and 616 At -653 nm, where parts of more than 1000 different color samples rendered with both reduced and increased saturation are minimized to 2%.

In an optimal embodiment of a light source with low color saturation distortions, the light source comprises three groups of colored LEDs, respectively, blue electroluminescent InGaN LEDs with a peak wavelength at about 452 nm and a bandwidth of approximately 20 nm, green blue electroluminescent InGaN LEDs with at about 512 nm and about 30 nm and amber conversion phosphor InGaN LEDs with peak wavelengths at about 589 nm and about 70 nm, with portions of more than 1200 different color samples reproduced with both reduced and with increased enrichment, are minimized to:

(a) approximately 32% at 4500 K correlated color temperature, at selection

0.207, 0.254 and 0.539 relative partial rays generated by 452 nm, 512 nm and 589 nm LEDs, respectively;

(b) about 15% at 6500 K correlated color temperature, by selection

0.291, 0.280, and 0.429 relative partial fluxes generated by 452 nm, 512 nm and 589 nm LEDs, respectively; or said light source comprises four groups of colored LEDs, respectively, blue electroluminescent InGaN LEDs with a peak wavelength of about 452 nm and a bandwidth of about 20 nm, green electroluminescent InGaN LEDs with a wavelength of about 523 nm and about 32 nm. nm bandwidth, amber conversion phosphor InGaN LEDs with a peak wavelength of about 589 nm and about 70 nm, and red electroluminescent AIGalnP LEDs with a peak wavelength of about 637 nm and about 16 nm, where parts of the color are more as many as 1,200 different color samples transmitted with both reduced and increased saturation are minimized to:

(c) about 2% at 3000 K correlated color temperature, selecting relative partial beam fluxes of 0.112, 0.225, 0.421, and 0.242 generated by 452 nm, 523 nm, 589 nm, and 637 nm LEDs, respectively;

(d) about 3% at a correlated color temperature of 4500 K, selecting 0.208, 0.283, 0.353, and 0.156 relative partial beam fluxes generated by 452 nm, 523 nm, 589 nm, and 637 nm LEDs, respectively;

(c) about 4% at 6500 K correlated color temperature, selecting 0.300, 0.293, 0.305, and 0.102 relative partial beam fluxes generated by 452 nm, 523 nm, 589 nm, and 637 nm LEDs, respectively.

The present invention also encompasses a multicolor light source with a dynamically tuned color saturation capability, wherein the relative partial rays generated by each emitter group are synchronously varied such that, relative to a reference light source, each of more than fifteen color samples is illuminated for the average human eye. how different:

(a) the proportion of color samples rendered with enhanced color saturation increases, while the proportion of color samples rendered with reduced color saturation decreases; or (b) the proportion of color samples rendered with increased color saturation decreases, whereas the proportion of color samples rendered with reduced color saturation increases.

In embodiments, the relative partial rays generated by each of said emitter groups are dynamically changed as the weighted sum of the relative partial rays of the respective emitter groups comprising two light sources, wherein the first source is a saturated color light source as defined above, and the second source is a fading color light source as defined above. More specifically, the light source with adjustable color saturation power has a predetermined correlated color temperature in the range of 2700-6500 K and a luminous efficacy of at least 250 lm / W, wherein the relative partial rays of each of said emitter groups are synchronously changed as relative is the weighted sum of the partial fluxes, whereby the saturating color light source is comprised of three LED groups and the fading color light source is comprised of two or three LED groups, each having the same predetermined correlated color temperature value.

One optimal embodiment of a dynamically tuned light source describes a source having a correlated color temperature in the range of 2700-6500 K and a luminous efficiency of at least 250 lm / W and comprising four groups of colored LEDs, such as blue InGaN LEDs with a peak wavelength at about 452 nm and about 20 nm bandwidth, green InGaN LEDs with peak wavelengths at about 523 nm and about 32 nm bandwidth, amber AIGalnP LEDs with peak wavelengths at about 591 nm and about 15 nm band and red AIGalnP LEDs with a peak wavelength of approximately 625 nm and a bandwidth of approximately 15 nm, wherein the relative partial rays generated by each of said LED groups are synchronously changed to a trichromatic array consisting of blue, green, and red LEDs as defined above, and the weighted sum of the respective relative partial rays of the fading color tricolor field consisting of blue, green, and amber LEDs, each having the same correlated color temperature.

Another optimal embodiment of a dynamically tuned light source describes a source having a correlated color temperature of about 6042 K and a light efficiency of at least 250 Im / VV and comprising four groups of LEDs, such as white dual color phosphor LEDs, blue InGaN LEDs with peak wavelengths at about 452 nm and about 20 nm bandwidth, green InGaN LEDs with peak wavelengths at about 523 nm and about 32 nm bandwidth, and red AIGalnP LEDs with peak wavelengths at about 637 nm and approx. 16 nm bandwidth, where the relative partial beam fluxes generated by each of said LED groups are synchronized as the weighted sum of the respective relative partial fluxes of the white LED and the tri-color array consisting of blue, green and red LEDs.

In any of the embodiments of the present invention, the visible light emitters in at least one of said groups are integrated semiconductor chips, wherein the spectral power distribution of the chips is matched by at least one of the following parameters: chemical composition or thickness of the active layer in each emitter or chemical composition of phosphor. or the thickness or shape of the wavelength transducer.

In any embodiment of the present invention, the light source further comprises:

an electronic circuit for dimming the light source such that the relative partial rays generated by each group of emitters are maintained at constant values; and / or an electronic and / or optoelectronic circuit for estimating the fractional radiation flux generated by the ratio of each emitter group; and / or computer hardware and software for controlling electronic circuits in a manner that allows changing of the correlated color temperature and a portion of the color samples transmitted with increased or decreased saturation, to maintain a constant output luminous flux by varying the correlated color temperature and color samples, which are transmitted with increased or decreased saturation, as well as by dimming and compensating for thermal and aging drifts within each emitter group.

The present invention also encompasses a method of dynamically adjusting a color saturation power in which white light is generated by mixing radiation from at least two white light sources having different color saturation capacities as described above, wherein the spectral power distribution of the mixed radiation is synchronously changed a weighted sum with variable weight parameters that control the color saturation ability.

Preferred in this embodiment a white light generated by mixing the radiation emanating from the two white light sources having the same correlated color temperature of each of which comprises at least one byte emitting group and (or) at least two color emitting groups, mixed radiation of the spectral power distribution of _δ σ synchronously to the conversion the weighted sum of the spectral power distributions of the aforementioned constituent sources, expressed as Si and S ₂ respectively:

= crSą + {l - σ, {And where σ is a variable weighting factor.

Brief description of the drawings

FIG. Figure 1 shows a color chart with elliptic regions of 20 color samples. Each elliptical region includes all colors that are visually indistinguishable from the center color. The vectors represent the color shifts of the specimens that occur when the reference source is replaced by the test source. Figure 2 shows some SPDs corresponding to optimized light sources consisting of 30 nm bandwidth LEDs with a minimum LER of 250 lm / W at three CCT values (solid line 3000 K; dashed line 4500 K and dotted line 6500) K). The CSD shall have CSI values above 75% and CDI values below 2% for a three-component enrichment pool (Part A); CDI values above 75% and CSI values below 4% for a two-component fading pool (Part B); CDI values above 65% and CSI values below 2% for a three-component fading color pool (Part C); both CDI and CSI values below 14% for a three-component pool (Part D); and both CDI and CSI values below 2% for a four-component pool (Part E).

FIG. 3 depicts SPDs corresponding to nine types of existing LEDs used to optimize practical multicolor light sources with controllable color saturation. Solid lines correspond to colored LEDs and dashed lines correspond to a white two-color conversion phosphor.

FIG. 4 depicts some SPDs corresponding to optimized light sources consisting of existing colored LEDs for three CCT values (continuous line 3000 K; dashed line 4500 K and dotted line 6500 K). SPDs have CSI values above 65% and CDI values below 3% for a three-component enrichment pool (Part A); CDI values above 50% and CSI values below 2% for a three-component fading color pool (Part B); both CDI and CSI values below 33% for a ternary component (Part C); and both CDI and CSI values below 5% for a four-component pool (Part D).

Fig. 5 shows the dependence of the SPD characteristics on the light source LEDs with the adjustable color saturation power on the weight parameter σ at 3000 K CCT. The weight parameter controls the deposits of red-green-blue and amber-green-blue LEDs. Parts A, B, and C represent SPDs with the highest CDI, with the lowest CSI and CDI, and with the highest CSI, respectively. Part D shows the variation in color rendering and LER. Part E depicts the RPRF variation of four LEDs.

FIG. 6 illustrates data analogous to that shown in FIG. 5, only at

CCT = 4500K.

FIG. 7 depicts data analogous to that shown in FIG. 5, only at CCT = 6500 K.

Fig. 8 shows data similar to that shown in Figs. 5, for a source only consisting of a two-color white conversion phosphor LED and a red-green-blue LED array at 6042 K CCT. Here, the weight parameter σ controls the deposits of the white light and the pool.

Detailed Description of the Invention

The description of embodiments of the present invention provides a white light source having a predetermined (tasked) CCT. The light source shall comprise at least two groups of colored visible light emitters each having nearly identical SPDs; an electronic circuit for controlling the average power current and / or number of emitters in each emitter group; and a component for uniformly distributing radiation of different groups across the illuminated object.

In one embodiment of the present invention, new combinations of emitter groups with SPD and RPRF set are described such that at least a portion of a large set of color samples are reproduced with increased (reduced) saturation and, at most, compared to a reference black body or daylight phase luminance. other predetermined (tasked) portions of a large set of color samples are rendered with reduced (increased) color saturation. Another embodiment of the present invention describes combinations of at least four preselected colored visible light emitter groups with RPRF interchangeable such that the color saturation capability of the composite light source is adjustable, i.e. the ratio between the proportion of color samples reproduced with enhanced color saturation and the proportion of color samples reproduced with reduced color saturation are varied. The SPD of the resulting white light sources differs from the distribution optimized using methods based on the overall color rendering index, color gamut area or color quality scale. Here, unless otherwise stated, the term "group" means one or more (i.e., at least one).

Embodiments of the present invention provide light sources having an SPD S (4) consisting of n colored components SPD S, (λ). Both composite and component CPDs are normalized to power,

(2) i = l where c, is the RPRF of the components.

The component RPRF can be found from three equations that follow the additive color mixing principle [G. Wyszecki and W. S. Stiles, Color Science: Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae. Wiley, New York, 2000]:

Γ n n

n n

(3) n

where x _T and yr are the 1931 composite source. The CIE color coordinates, and X, Y,, and Z are the color components of the triple component of the normalized SPD.

Embodiments of the present invention include white light sources whose colors are nearly identical to those of a black body or daylight phase luminaire. In order to characterize and compare different white light sources with respect to the color saturation capacity, the present invention introduces two different light source color saturation characteristics related to surface color saturation distortions of illuminated color samples.

In order to characterize the color saturation capacity of white light, the present invention employs an improved procedure for evaluating color rendering properties. The conventional method for estimating the color rendering properties of a light source is based on estimating the color differences of the specimens (for example, color coordinate shifts in the appropriate color space), where the light source under consideration is replaced by a reference source (eg black body or restored daylight). Standard 1995 The CIE procedure, originally developed for the evaluation of halophosphonate fluorescent lamps, uses only eight to fourteen specimens from a huge color palette designed by artist A. H. Munsell in 1905. The year 1995 The CIE procedure applies to narrow-band sources and is criticized primarily for the low number of samples used (eight to fourteen). Other disadvantages include the application of color shifts in the color space, which lacks uniformity in perceived color differences and disregard of the direction of shifts, i.e. color accuracy alone is appreciated. The advanced method, the Color Quality Scale (CQS), alleviates some of the above disadvantages by applying a more even color space and ignoring the color shift components that correspond to the increased color saturation of the specimens, or using the color preference scale or gamut area scale. However, the number of color samples (15) used by the CQS is too small to clearly distinguish sources that convey colors with high accuracy and with increased / decreased color saturation, since the result of such ranking depends on the selected set of samples used.

The present invention is based on the use of a larger (and usually significantly larger) number of specimens and differences in the color saturation of several species which distinguish human vision in each of these specimens. To this end, the entire Munell palette, which defines perceived colors in three dimensions: color tone, rich and light, is applied. The Jones Spectrum Database, obtained from the Color Group at the University of Joensuu (http://spectral.joensuu.fi/), is an example of a spectrophotometrically calibrated set of 1269 Munell specimens that can be practically applied to the practice of the present invention.

In the embodiments of the present invention, the use of color spaces to evaluate perceived color differences is avoided because they lack uniformity (the CIELEB color space used below to illustrate examples does not affect the results). Instead, differences are estimated using MacAdam ellipses, which are experimentally determined areas on a color chart (color tone and saturation plane) that incorporate colors that are hardly distinguished by human vision. Ellipses for the entire 1269 element Munell palette are obtained using nonlinear interpolation of the ellipses MacAdam identified for 25 colors. For example, in the inverse-weighted (geodesic) method, an ellipse with center at color coordinates (x, y) has an interpolated parameter (small or large half-axis or inclination angle) that is given by [A. Žukauskas et al., IEEE J. Sel. Top. Ouantum Electron. 15, 1753]:

^Ρ (* >>') = ΣV ^ ofooJFoi) / z V ² > (4) / = 1 / i = l where Po (xoi, yol) is the corresponding experimental parameter, oh, is the distance from the center of the interpolated ellipse to the original MacAdam of the center of the ellipse

Λ, · = ^ {x ~ x _Oi Y + (yy _Oi ^. (5)

Because MacAdam ellipses were originally detected at constant luminance (~ 48 cd / m ² ), in the embodiments of the present invention, all Munson specimens are treated as having the same luminance irrespective of their color brightness.

In embodiments of the present invention, when a reference source is replaced by a test sample, the color rendered color saturated is defined as having a color outside the three-step MacAdam ellipse and a positive displacement vector of the color shift vector greater than the corresponding dimension of the ellipse. a color sample rendered with reduced saturation is defined as one whose color extends beyond the three-step MacAdam ellipse and the negative projection of the color displacement vector in the saturation direction is greater than the corresponding dimension of the ellipse. In addition, high-precision color rendering of a test specimen is defined as having a color shifted only within the MacAdam elliptic three-step boundary (i.e. less than three elliptical beams). In all cases, if the color of the light source does not exactly match the color of the black body or daylight phase luminance, then color adaptation should be considered (for example, using the method of CIE Publication 13.3, 1995 or W. Davis and Y. Ohno, Opt. Eng. .49, 033602, 2010). For the overall estimation of the color saturation capacity of a light source, the present invention employs two quality estimates !, which measure the relative number (percentage) of color samples rendered with enhanced saturation (CSI) and the relative number of color samples transmitted with reduced saturation ( percentage) (color fade ratio, CDI). These two quality estimates, measured as a percentage of the total number of Munson specimens (1269), are proposed alternatives to the CQS color preference scale and gamut area scale based on 15 samples as well as other gamut area indicators based on 4 to 15 samples. . Because CSI and CDI are presented in the same format (a statistical percentage of the same set of color samples), they are easy to analyze and compare. In addition, embodiments of the present invention employ an additional quality value that measures the relative number (percentage) of color samples that are rendered with high precision (color accuracy index, CFI).

Fig. 1 illustrates a method for evaluating color rendering characteristics used in embodiments of the present invention. 20 three-step MacAdam ellipses are shown for simplicity. The ellipses are represented in the a-b * color plane of the CIELAB color space, with a white dot in the center of the chart. The saturation of the sample color is represented by the distance of the color dot from the center of the graph, while the color tone is represented by the azimuthal position of the dot. The arrows in Fig.1 depict the color shift vectors starting at the centers of the ellipses, i.e. the color of the reference source illuminated, and the vectors vertices of the color of the reference source illuminated. the sticker shows five color tone directions that are close to the main Munson directions (red, yellow, green, blue, and purple). In this illustration, seven different samples of 20 (8, 10, 13, 14,15,16, and 19) are rendered with enhanced saturation (CSI = 35), and three different samples of 20 (12,18, and 20) are rendered with reduced saturation (CDI = 15). The remaining 10 specimens are either rendered with high precision (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11, and 17; CFI = 40) or have only a distorted color tone (1 and 7).

Embodiments of the present invention pertain to multicolored white light sources having a CCT of at least the entire standard band from 2700 K to 6500 K and comprising n groups of colored components (n> 2) such as LEDs having different SPDs. Such sources are optimized by selecting the most appropriate SPDs and RPRFs for each color emitter group, so that white light with a predetermined CCT color saturation capability is detected and controlled by assigning the desired CSI to CDI ratio.

A first aspect of the present invention includes a light source having a predetermined CCT consisting of at least two groups of visible light emitters, wherein the SPDs of the emitters of each group and the generated RPRF are set such that, relative to the reference light source, each of more than fifteen the degree of saturation of the illumination colors of the color samples used as different illuminators for the average human eye shall be so determined that: (a) at least a predetermined portion of the color samples are reproduced with enhanced color saturation and no more than another predetermined portion the colors of the samples are rendered with reduced color saturation; or (b) at least a predetermined portion of the color samples are rendered with reduced saturation and no more than another predetermined portion of the color samples are rendered with an increased saturation; or (c) no more than a predetermined fraction of the color samples are rendered with reduced saturation and no more than another predetermined portion of the color samples are rendered with increased saturation. Since high CSI values cause the red and blue components to shift towards the edges of the visual spectrum and decrease the overall LER to negligible values (A. Žukauskas et al. Opt. Expr. 18, 2287, 2010), sources optimized according to the first aspect of the invention preferably have a predetermined the lowest permissible total LER or the lowest permissible luminous efficacy.

In a first aspect, the light sources encompassed by the invention may be comprised of groups of colored emitters of various SPD profiles. For clarity, the color SPDs sought for color emitters can be approximated, for example, by Gaussian bands with a full width of 30 nm at half height (an average value corresponding to conventional high luminance AIGalnP and InGaN LEDs at typical operating junction temperatures). In this approach, the optimum SPD peak positions and RPRF are selected here. Alternatively, the light sources of the first aspect of the invention may be comprised of colored emitters with predetermined SPDs, each of which is characterized by individual peak position and bandwidth. In this approach, only optimal RPRFs are selected here.

A second aspect of the invention comprises a light source having a predetermined array of CCTs consisting of at least four colored visible light emitters having a predetermined SPD of any form, wherein the RPRF generated by each group is synchronously varied such that relative to a reference light the source of illumination of each of the more than fifteen color samples administered to the average human eye as different, (a) the proportion of color samples rendered with enhanced color saturation increases, while the proportion of color samples rendered with reduced color saturation , decreasing; or (b) the proportion of color samples rendered with increased color saturation decreases, whereas the proportion of color samples rendered with reduced color saturation increases.

In another aspect, the light sources encompassed are comprised of colored emitters with predefined SPD profiles, each of which is characterized by individual peak position and bandwidth. In this approach, only optimal RPRFs are selected here.

In the embodiments of the present invention, the selection of the most suitable SPDs and RPRFs is based on three color mixing equations. An SPD consisting of n colored components is characterized by a vector in the 2n-dimensional peak-wavelength and RPRF parametric space, operating under three constraints that follow from the three color mixing equations. Within the scope of the first aspect of the invention, when both optimum SPD peak wavelengths and optimal RPRF are selected, the optimization parameter allowable range for maximizing the objective function is a parametric space with 2n-3 dimensions (degrees of freedom). For example, for n = 3, the optimization problem can be solved by performing a search in a 3-dimensional space such as 3 wavelengths (in this case, three RPRFs are derived from three color mixing equations). Alternatively, when the SPD optimum peak wavelengths are known and only RPRF is selected, the optimization area that maximizes the objective function is the parametric n-3 dimensional space. For example, for n = 3, the allowable 15 (parametric) region is 0-mate, i.e. The 3 peak wavelengths can be found directly from the color mixing equations. Within the scope of the second aspect of the invention, the optimization domain is a parametric space of n-3 dimensions. For example, for n = 4, the optimization problem can be solved by viewing a 1-dimensional, for example, parametric space of a single RPRF (the remaining three RPRFs are derived from three color mixing equations). Here, the objective function that is maximized during the optimization process is a combination of CSI and CDI. The optimization process can also be influenced by constraints that preset minimum values for LER or luminous efficiency. A computer procedure that performs a multidimensional surface view can be used to find the maximum value of the objective function. For a large number of dimensions, heuristic methods can be used which increase the speed of the search procedure.

The optimized SPDs of the present invention are described by the peak wavelengths and RPRFs of the color components and are characterized by two color saturation estimates (CSI and CDI) and LER. To avoid color adaptation problems, all modeled SPDs have a color dot exactly on the CIE daylight arc or black body arc. Maximizing CSI or CDI, maximizing the difference between these ratios, or minimizing both, yields SPDs for white light sources with a predetermined color saturation capability that cannot be obtained by other methods based on the overall color rendering index, color quality scale, or color gamut. Another advantage of the light sources provided in the embodiments of the present invention is the ability to adjust the color saturation capability, i.e. source customization to meet individual user needs for color quality of lighting.

In embodiments of the present invention, optimized SPDs for multicolor solid-state lamps according to the first aspect of the invention can be obtained for various CSI and CDI limitations. For 30 nm Gaussian colored components with a CCT in the range of 2700 K to 6500 K and a predetermined minimum LER of 250 lm / W, the CSI and CDI limits for luminaires can be obtained as follows:

A CDI limitation of up to 5% and a CFI limitation of at least 50% can be achieved using a three-component array consisting of LEDs with peak positions selected from 405-490 nm, 505-560 nm and 600642 nm, respectively. High CSI values and low CDI values require that the radiation in the yellow region between 560 nm and 600 nm is weak.

A CSI limitation of up to 5% and a CDI limitation of at least 50% can be achieved using a two-component array consisting of a peak light with a range of 568-585 nm and another peak with a wavelength that complements the first light. peak wavelength such that the desired color point (405-486 nm) is maintained. The same limitation can be achieved by using a three-component array comprising peak lights selected from 405-486 nm and 560-600 nm and a third peak with a wavelength that complements the first and second lights so as to maintain the desired white light. color point (400-700 nm). High CDI values and low CFI values require weak radiation at wavelengths above 600 nm.

A limitation of up to 16% for both CSI and CDI can be achieved using a three-component array consisting of LEDs with peak positions selected from 410-489 nm, 515-566 nm and 595-644 nm, respectively. CSI and

The CDI can be limited to a maximum of 3% using a four-component array consisting of luminaires with peak positions selected from, respectively, 419478 nm, 490-540 nm, 550-592 nm and 612-660 nm. Low values for both CSI and CDI require radiation in both the red and yellow areas.

FIG. 2 depicts examples of optimized SPDs for multicolored solid-state lamps according to a first aspect of the invention, wherein both the peak positions and the RPRF of 30 nm wide colored components were found using an optimization process. The optimization results are presented at three standard CCT values (continuous lines 3000 K, dashed lines 4500 K, dotted lines 6500 K).

A first mode of carrying out the first aspect of the present invention is a light source having maximized color saturation capability with a predetermined CCT range between 2700 K and 6500 K and with a predetermined minimum LER range between 250 Im / VV and 260 ImA / V may comprise three groups of color LEDs with peak wavelengths of about 408-486 nm, 509-553 nm and 605-642 nm; the number of different color samples per set may be greater than 1000; at least 60% of the color samples which are rendered with enhanced color saturation may be predetermined; most of the color samples that are rendered with reduced color saturation can be pre-set below 4%.

More specifically, a white light source having a content of at least 250 lm / W LER may consist, for example, of three groups of LEDs having an average bandwidth of about 30 nm. Using 1,200 different color samples, the following source can provide:

- not less than 75% of color-rich samples and not more than 2% of color-reduced samples:

(A1) when the peak wavelengths and RPRF of the LEDs are set at about 449 nm, 521 nm and 635 nm, respectively, and about 0.069, 0.316 and 0.615 at 3000 K CCT (solid line in Fig. 2A);

(A2) when the peak wavelengths and RPRF of the LEDs are set at about 432 nm, 517 nm and 630 nm, respectively, and about 0.170, 0.382 and 0.448 at 4500 K CCT (dashed line in Figure 2A);

(A3) when the peak wavelengths and the RPRF of the LEDs are set at about 447 nm, 512 nm and 625 nm, respectively, and about 0.201, 0.436 and 0.363 at 6500 K CCT (dotted line in Fug. 2. A).

The CSI value is reduced by up to 5% when the peak wavelengths differ from the above at about 50 nm, 10 nm and 20 nm for the first, second and third components, respectively.

[00] Another embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention includes a light source having maximized color fading capability with a predetermined CCT range between 2700 K and 6500 K and a minimum LER range between 250 lm / W and 400 lm / W where the source may be consisting of two groups of colored light beams of approximately 405-486 nm and 570-585 nm or of three groups of colored light bands of approximately 405-486 nm, 490-560 nm and 585-600 nm, the number of different color samples can be greater than 1000 in a set; a minimum proportion of color samples transmitted with reduced color saturation may be pre-set to above 60%; most of the color samples that are rendered with enhanced color saturation can be preset below 4%.

More specifically, a white light source having a content of at least 390 lm / W of LER may consist, for example, of two groups of LEDs having an average bandwidth of about 30 nm. Using 1,200 different color samples, the following source can provide:

- not less than 75% of color samples with reduced color saturation and not more than 4% of color samples with increased color saturation:

(B1) when the peak wavelengths and RPRF of the LEDs are set at about 462 nm and 579 nm and about 0.189 and 0.811, respectively, at 3000 K CCT (solid line in Fig. 2B);

(B2) when the peak wavelengths and RPRF of the LEDs are set at about 458 nm and 573 nm and about 0.302 and 0.698, respectively, at 4500 K CCT (dashed line in Figure 2B);

(B3) when the peak wavelengths and RPRF of the LEDs are set at about 459 nm and 570 nm and about 0.409 and 0.591, respectively, at 6500 K CCT (dotted line in Fig. 2B).

The CDI value decreases by no more than 5% when the peak wavelengths differ from the above at about 15 nm and 3 nm for the first and second components, respectively.

Alternatively, a white light source having a LER of at least 350 lm / W may include, for example, three groups of LEDs having an average bandwidth of about 30 nm. Using 1,200 different color samples, the following source can provide:

- not less than 65% of color samples with reduced color saturation and not more than 2% of color samples with increased color saturation:

(C1) when the peak wavelengths and RPRF of the LEDs are set at about 462 nm, 541 nm and 594 nm, respectively, and about 0.170, 0.242, and 0.588 at 3000 K CCT (solid line in Fig. 2C);

(C2) when the peak wavelengths and RPRF of the LEDs are set at about 472 nm, 550 nm, and 595 nm, respectively, and about 0.348, 0.284, and 0.368 at 4500 K CCT (dashed line in Figure 2C);

(C3) when the peak wavelengths and RPRF of the LEDs are set at about 465 nm, 550 nm, and 599 nm, respectively, and about 0.408, 0.338, and 0.254 at 6500 K CCT (dotted line in Fig. 2C).

The CDI value decreases by no more than 5% when the peak wavelengths differ from the above at about 3 nm, 4 nm, and 3 nm for the first, second, and third components, respectively.

A third mode of carrying out the first aspect of the present invention is a light source having low color saturation distortions with a predetermined CCT range between 2700 K and 6500 K and a predetermined minimum LER range between 250 lm / W and 400 lm / W may be comprised of three groups colored LEDs with peak wavelengths of about 433-487 nm, 519-562 nm and 595-637 nm or of four groups of colored LEDs with peak wavelengths of about 434-475 nm, 495-537 nm, 555-590 nm and 616-653 nm; the number of different color samples per set may be greater than 1000; portions of color samples rendered with reduced color saturation and color samples rendered with increased color saturation may be minimized below 14% and below 2% for the three and four LEDs respectively.

Specifically, a white light source having a content of at least 330 lm / W LER may consist, for example, of three groups of LEDs having an average bandwidth of about 30 nm. Using 1,200 different color samples, the following source can provide:

- Minimized color saturation and increased color saturation below 14%:

(D1) when the peak wavelengths and RPRF of the LEDs are set at about 478 nm, 552 nm, and 617 nm, respectively, and about 0.217, 0.317, and 0.466 at 3000 K CCT (solid line in Fig. 2D);

(D2) when the peak wavelengths and RPRF of the LEDs are set at about 478 nm, 552 nm, and 617 nm, respectively, and about 0.366, 0.304, and 0.330 at 4500 K CCT (dashed line in Fig. 2D);

(D3) when the peak wavelengths and RPRF of the LEDs are set at about 455 nm, 526 nm and 597 nm, respectively, and about 0.327, 0.339 and 0.334 at 6500 K CCT (dotted line in Fig. 2D).

The CSI and CDI values increase by up to 5% when the peak wavelengths differ from the above at about 2 nm, 1 nm, and 3 nm for the first, second, and third components, respectively.

Alternatively, a white light source containing at least 300 lm / W of LER may consist of, for example, four groups of LEDs having an average bandwidth of about 30 nm. With 1,200 different color samples, such a source can convey;

- minimized below 2% dyeing and dyeing:

(E1) when the peak wavelengths and RPRF of the LEDs are set at about 465 nm, 529 nm, 586 nm, and 642 nm, respectively, and about 0.121, 0.202, 0.271 and 0.406 at 3000 K CCT (solid line in Fig. 2E);

(E2) when the peak wavelengths and RPRF of the LEDs are set at about 461 nm, 525 nm, 584 nm and 639 nm, respectively, and about 0.212, 0.259, 0.242, and 0.287 at 4500 K CCT (dashed line in Fig. 2E);

(E3) when the peak wavelengths and RPRF of the LEDs are set at about 457 nm, 522 nm, 582 nm, and 637 nm, respectively, and about 0.291, 0.278, 0.217, and 0.214 at 6500 K CCT (dotted line in Fig. 2E).

The CSI and CDI values increase by no more than 5% when the peak wavelengths differ from the above at about 6 nm, 3 nm, 3 nm and 12 nm for the first, second, third and fourth components, respectively.

Table 2 provides numerical data for the SPDs shown in Fig. 2 (CSi, CDI, LER, peak wavelengths, and RPRF). Also, Table 1 gives the general color rendering index R _a and color accuracy indicator (CFI) value.

Table

CCT (K) CSI CDI LER (lm / W) Ra CFI Peak wavelengths (nm) Sant. partial beam fluxes LED 1 LED 2 LED 3 LED 4 LED 1 LED 2 LED 3 LED 4 3000 82 1 250 -3 5 449 521 - 635 0.069 0.316 - 0.615 4500 79 1 253 11th 5 432 517 - 630 0.170 0.382 - 0.448 6500 78 2 252 16th 3 447 512 - 625 0.201 0.436 - 0.363 3000 1 81 480 -9 4 462 - 579 - 0.189 - 0.811 - 4500 4 78 443 1 3 458 - 573 - 0.302 - 0.698 - 6500 4 77 392 12th 3 459 - 570 - 0.409 - 0.591 - 3000 1 67 442 45 16th 462 541 594 - 0.170 0.242 0.588 - 4500 1 65 386 51 16th 472 550 595 - 0.348 0.284 0.368 - 6500 1 65 356 60 13th 465 550 599 - 0.408 0.338 0.254 - 3000 10th 10th 365 88 60 478 - 552 617 0.217 - 0.317 0.466 4500 10th 13th 332 85 51 478 - 552 617 0.366 - 0.304 0.330 6500 12th 12th 341 85 52 455 - 526 597 0.327 - 0.339 334 3000 0 1 313 97 94 465 529 586 642 0.121 0.202 0.271 0.406 4500 1 1 317 97 90 461 525 584 639 0.212 0.259 0.242 0.287 6500 1 1 301 96 86 457 522 582 637 0.291 0.278 0.217 0.214

Similar optimization data can be obtained for other values of CCT and minimum LER. Lower and higher CCTs result in a relative increase in RPRF for the longer and shorter wave color components, respectively. Lower values of the lowest LER result in a broader spectrum of components, especially in high CSI sources. However, all SPDs with high CSI have low spectral power in the yellow-green spectral region (approximately between 560 nm and 600 nm); all SPDs with high CDI have low spectral power in the red spectrum (above 600 nm); and all SPDs with both low CSI and low CDI have significant spectral power in both the red and yellow spectral regions.

FIG. Tables 2 and 1 show that optimized multicolour sources with predefined color saturation characteristics share many common features, such as:

(A) The two estimates of color saturation capacity counterbalance each other, i.e. sources with elevated CDI have reduced CSI and vice versa;

(B) In sources with high CSI values, the spectral power is low in the range between 560 nm and 600 nm;

(C) In sources with high CDI values, spectral power is low in the region above 600 nm;

(D) In sources with both a low CDI value and a low CSI value, the spectral power is marked both in the region above 600 nm and in the region between 560 nm and 600 nm;

(E) Sources with higher CSIs have lower LERs compared to sources with higher CDIs, since the former have low spectral power in the range between 560 nm and 600 nm, where the spectral LER is high.

Based on data such as those in Figures 2 and 1 and other data obtained analogously to the methods of the first aspect of the present invention, a multicolor light source having a predetermined CCT and a predetermined minimum LER or minimum luminous efficacy may be constructed. from at least three different groups of colored emitters, whereby the SPD and RPRF of each of the emitters in the group are optimally set such that, when illuminated by a set of color samples for the average human eye as different, the number of color samples with enhanced color saturation the predefined value, while the number of color samples transmitted with reduced color saturation may not exceed the predefined value. Alternatively, a multicolor light source having a predetermined CCT and a predetermined minimum LER or minimum luminous efficacy may be comprised of at least two different groups of colored emitters, wherein the emitters SPD and RPRF for each group are optimally set such that when illuminated the number of color samples with a reduced saturation may be at least a predetermined value, while the number of color samples with a higher saturation may be at most a predetermined value. The third embodiment is a multicolor light source having a predetermined CCT and a predetermined minimum LER or minimum luminous efficacy consisting of at least three different groups of colored emitters, wherein each emitter has an SPD and

The RPRF is optimally set such that, when illuminating a set of color samples for the average human eye as different, both the number of color samples with reduced saturation and the number of color samples with enhanced color saturation may not exceed a predetermined value .

Optimization may include features such as (A) maximizing the number of samples rendered with enhanced color saturation, wherein the number of samples rendered with reduced color saturation is limited to a value less than the maximum allowable;

(B) maximizing the number of samples rendered with reduced color saturation, wherein the number of samples transmitted with increased color saturation is limited to a value less than the maximum allowable;

(C) maximizing the difference between the number of samples that are rendered with enhanced color saturation and the number of samples that are rendered with reduced color saturation;

(D) maximizing the difference between the number of samples that are rendered with reduced color saturation and the number of samples that are rendered with increased color saturation;

(E) minimizing both the number of samples that are rendered with enhanced color saturation and the number of samples that are rendered with reduced color saturation.

The number of color samples in the kit is preferably greater than 15, and samples with very different color tones, saturation and light may be used.

According to a first aspect of the invention, the optimized SPDs of multicolor solid-state lamps with various CSI and CDI limitations can also be obtained with color components with predefined SPD profiles, each of which is characterized by individual peak wavelengths and bandwidths. Such color components can be generated by commercially available direct beam luminaires. If LEDs with appropriate peak wavelengths are available, then you only need to select the optimum RPRF for such LEDs.

Fig. 3 shows an SPD of nine types of existing illuminators whose suitability for optimization of practical multicolor light sources is covered in the first aspect of the invention (SPD is power normalized). The eight SPDs, represented by solid lines, are typical of mass-market commercially available color luminaires for only certain wavelengths that meet the needs of the displays and light industry. These SPDs appear to be slightly different in shape from Gaussian and exhibit asymmetry; in addition, different colored LEDs have strips of different widths. Here we will distinguish these lamps according to their peak positions and color. The 452nm and 469nm InGaN blue LEDs (about 20nm bandwidth) are used for full color video displays. The green blue 512 nm and green 523 nm InGaN LEDs (about 30 nm and 32 nm bandwidth, respectively) are used for traffic control lights and video displays, respectively. Amber 591nm AIGalnP LEDs (bandwidth about 15nm) and 589nm InGaN conversion phosphor LEDs (about 70nm wide) are used in traffic lights and in car lights. The red 625nm and 637nm AIGalnP LEDs (about 15nm and 16nm bandwidth, respectively) are used in video displays and traffic control lights, as well as many other types of light signals. The ninth SPD, represented by a dashed line, is characterized by a two-color white conversion phosphor LED having two spectral peaks at about 447 nm and 547 nm with bands of approximately 18 nm and 120 nm, respectively. Such luminaires are used in general lighting applications and light signals.

According to a first aspect of the invention, for a multicolour white light source with high CSI and low CDI, the three colored emitters can be selected from either 452 nm or 469 nm LEDs; either 512 nm or 523 nm LEDs; and either 625 nm or 637 nm LEDs. In the case of a multicolour white light source with high CDI and low CSI, there are no suitable LEDs for a two-component body that has the required white color. However, such a source may consist of three colored emitters selected from either 452 nm or 469 nm light emitters; either 512 nm or 523 nm LEDs; and either 589nm or 591nm LEDs. A multicolor light source with both low CSI and low CDI can consist of three LEDs for only higher than 4500 K CCT. One luminaire shall be selected from either 452 nm or 469 nm luminaires and the other two shall be 512 nm and 589 nm luminaires. Alternatively, such a source may consist of four colored emitters to be selected from either 452 nm or 469 nm light emitters; either 512 nm or 523 nm LEDs; either 589nm or 591nm LEDs; and either 625 nm or 637 nm LEDs.

Fig. 4 shows examples of optimized multicolored solid-state lamp SPDs obtained according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein an RPRF for each luminaire with a predetermined SPD profile was determined in the optimization process. The optimization results are shown at three standard CCT values (continuous lines 3000 K, dashed lines 4500 K, dotted lines 6500 K).

The first example is a light source with maximized color saturation and minimized color fading, consisting of three groups of LEDs with selected wavelengths of 452 nm, 523 nm and 625 nm. With 1200 different color samples, the following source may provide at least 65% of the color saturation and no more than 3% of the color saturation:

(A1) when the RPRF of the LEDs are set to about 0.103, 0.370, and 0.527, respectively, at 3000 K CCT (solid line in Fig. 4A);

(A2) when the RPRF of the LEDs are set at about 0.195, 0.401, and 0.405, respectively, at 4500 K CCT (dashed line in Fig. 4A);

(A3) when the RPRFs of the LEDs are set at about 0.283, 0.392 and 0.325, respectively, at 6500 K CCT (dotted line in Figure 4A).

Another example is a light source with maximized color fading and minimized color saturation, which consists of three groups of LEDs with selected wavelengths of 452 nm, 523 nm and 591 nm. Of the 1,200 different color samples, the following source may provide at least 50% of the reduced color saturation and no more than 2% of the color saturated:

(B1) when the RPRF of the LEDs are set to about 0.154, 0.228, and 0.618, respectively, at 3000 K CCT (solid line in Fig. 4B);

(B2) when the RPRFs of the LEDs are set at about 0.254, 0.308, and 0.438, respectively, at 4500 K CCT (dashed line in Fig. 4B);

(B3) when the RPRF of the LEDs are set to about 0.346, 0.320 and 0.334, respectively, at 6500 K CCT (dotted line in Fig. 4B).

The third example is a light source with both a minimized color fading power and a minimized color saturation power consisting of three or four groups of lights. In the case of three LEDs with selected wavelengths of 452 nm, 512 nm and 589 nm, of the 1200 color samples, such a source may reproduce portions of the color samples with both increased and decreased color saturation not exceeding:

(C1) 33% when the RPRF of the LEDs are set at about 0.207, 0.254 and 0.539, respectively, at 4500 K CCT (dashed line in Fig.4C);

(C2) 12% when the RPRF of the LEDs are set at about 0.291, 0.280 and 0.429, respectively, at 6500 K CCT (dotted line in Figure 4C).

In the case of four illuminators of the selected wavelengths 452 nm, 523 nm, 589 nm and 637 nm, of the 1200 color samples the following source may not reproduce more than 5% of the color samples with both increased and decreased color saturation:

(D1) when the RPRFs of the LEDs are set to about 0.112, 0.225, 0.421, and 0.242, respectively, at 3000 K CCT (solid line in Fig. 4D);

(D2) when the RPRF of the LEDs are set to about 0.208, 0.283, 0.353, and 0.156, respectively, at 4500 K CCT (dashed line in Fig. 4D);

(D3) when the RPRF of the LEDs are set to about 0.300, 0.293, 0.305 and 0.102, respectively, at 6500 K CCT (dotted line in Figure 4D).

Table 4 provides numerical data for the SPD parameters shown in Figure 4 (CSI, CDI, LER, and RPRF). Also, Table 2 shows the general color rendering index R _a and color accuracy indicator (CFI) value.

table

CCT (K) you are CDI K (lm / W) Ra CFI Relative partial beam fluxes of LEDs 452 nm 512 nm 523 nm 589 nm 591 nm 625 nm 637 nm 3000 77 1 327 41 11th 0.103 - 0.370 - - 0.527 - 4500 70 0 317 49 13th 0.195 - 0.401 - - 0.405 - 6500 67 2 297 54 12th 0.283 - 0.392 - - 0.325 - 3000 1 67 447 28th 12th 0.154 - 0.228 - 0.618 - - 4500 1 58 399 51 20th 0.254 - 0.308 - 0.438 - - 6500 0 51 355 64 24th 0.346 - 0.320 - 0.334 - - 4500 0 32 345 80 49 0.207 0.254 - 0.539 - - - 6500 0 11th 314 88 71 0.291 0.280 - 0.429 - - - 3000 2 2 340 94 87 0.112 - 0.225 0.421 - - 0.242 4500 3 3 332 93 77 0.208 - 0.283 0.353 - - 0.156 6500 4 4 311 93 72 0.300 - 0.293 0.305 - - 0.102

Analog optimization data can be obtained for other CCT values. Lower and higher CCTs result in a relative increase in RPRF for the longer and shorter wave color components, respectively.

According to data such as that of Figs. In Tables 4 and 2, and other data analogously derived from the methods of the first aspect of the present invention, a multicolor light source having a predetermined CCT may be comprised of at least three different groups of colored LEDs, each of which has optimum peak wavelengths and RPRF. set so that, when illuminated a set of color samples for the average human eye as different, the number of color samples with enhanced saturation may not be less than the predetermined value, while the number of color samples with reduced color saturation may not greater than the predefined value. Alternatively, a multicolor light source having a predetermined CCT may consist of at least two different groups of colored LEDs, each of which has a peak wavelength and an RPRF generated optimally such that when illuminated with color samples for the average human eye as different , set, the number of color samples with reduced saturation may not be less than the predefined value, while the number of color samples with increased color saturation may not exceed the predetermined value. A third embodiment is a multicolor light source having a predetermined CCT consisting of at least three different groups of colored LEDs, wherein each group of luminaires has peak wavelengths and the generated RPRF is optimally set such that when illuminated with color samples for the average human eye as different , the set, both the number of color samples with reduced saturation and the number of color samples with increased color saturation, may not exceed the predefined value.

The number of color samples in the kit is desirably greater or even much greater than 15, and samples with very different color tones, saturation and light may be used.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the SPD of a multicolor solid state light source with a dynamically tunable color saturation capability is composed by varying the RPRF of the color emitters that already have predefined SPDs. One set of colored emitters, such as groups of lights, can be optimally selected and used for this purpose. Embodiments of the present invention may rely on dynamic color saturation tuning by selecting a limiting SPD with high CDI and low CSi and incrementally lowering the selected CDI value and maximizing the CSI by varying the RPRF of the color emitters (e.g. another marginal SPD with low CDI and high CSI. More specifically, color saturation capability tuning can be accomplished using the SPD, which is the weighted sum of two bound SPDs with high CSI (low CDI) and high CDI (low CSI), respectively. For example, the weighted sum of two SPDs that have the highest CSI and highest CDI for a selected set of LEDs can be used:

* $ σ (Ό O- man CDI (6) where σ is the tuning weight parameter. This assumes that the tunable source / -colour emitter RPRF is the weighted sum of the corresponding RPRFs of the marginal SPDs with the same weight parameter:

~ Ο'Φ / max CSI + (l ^- <τ) φ _tmax ££> / · (7)

Embodiments of the present invention combine a color-saturated light source with a CCT interchangeable between 2700 K and 6500 K and an LER interchangeable from at least 250 lm / W, having an SPD consisting of at least four 30 nm wide components with peak wavelengths of about 405-490. nm, 505-560 nm, 560-600 nm, and 600-642 nm; the number of different color samples per set may be greater than 1000; some of the color samples which are rendered with reduced color saturation may be varied between 1% and 81%; some of the color samples that are rendered with enhanced color saturation can be changed from 0% to 82%. Such a source may also have an SPD composed of components with different bandwidths.

For example, a multicolored solid-state lamp with a dynamically tunable color saturation capability may consist of at least four groups of existing colored emitters, such as colored LEDs with SPDs shown in Figs. 3. More specifically, the peak wavelengths of the LEDs may be preselected from the spectral ranges or as close as possible to the spectral ranges determined by the first aspect of the present invention in order to have high CSI and CDI values at the tuning range. An alternative method is to use a phosphor conversion lamp that has a high color fading capability at one boundary and a tri-color LED illuminator with high color saturation at the other boundary.

FIG. 5, 6 and 7 show SPDs of multicolor adjustable color saturation lamps at different CCTs obtained according to a second aspect of the present invention, wherein the boundary SPDs are composed of components corresponding to the colored LEDs. The array consisting of 452 nm, 523 nm and 625 nm peak wavelengths and 20 nm, 32 nm and 15 nm wavelengths, respectively, is used as an enriched color boundary, while the 452 nm, 523 nm nm and 591 nm at wavelengths and 20 nm, 32 nm and 15 nm, respectively, are used as a fading boundary. Since these two boundary areas have common 452 nm and 523 nm LEDs, color saturation adjustment (CDI reduction and CSI enhancement) can be accomplished using a four-LED array consisting of 452 nm, 523 nm, 591 nm and 625 nm LEDs. LED RPRF. FIG. 5, 6 and 7 depict the resulting SPDs at 3000 K, 4500 K, and 6500 K CCT, respectively. FIG. Parts 5-7A represent marginal SPDs corresponding to the highest CDIs and the lowest CSIs. FIG. Parts 5-7 B represent weighted SPDs corresponding to both low CDI and low CDI. FIG. Parts 5-7 C represent marginal SPDs corresponding to the highest CSIs and the lowest CDIs. FIG. Parts 5-7 D depict the dependencies of CSI, CDI, and LER on the weight parameter σ. FIG. The 57 parts E represent the RPRF variation of the four LEDs as σ.

Tables 3, 4 and 5 show the parameters shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 7, numerical data, as well as the general color rendering index R _a and color accuracy indicator (CFI) value.

From the data shown in Figs. Tables 5, 6 and 7 and Tables 3, 4 and 5 show that the highest CDI values and maximum CSI values are available at the three-LED cut-off points

SPDs with σ = 0 and σ = 1, respectively. These values correspond to the array of LEDs optimized according to the first aspect of the present invention (see Fig. 4 and Table 2). As the weight parameter increases, CDI decreases and CSI increases. At a given intermediate value of σ, both CDI and CSI have values that are almost the same, which are below a certain threshold. For example, both CDI and CSI do not exceed 14% at σ = 0.55, respectively, at 3000 K CCT; 9% at σ = 0.50 at 4500 K CCT; and 9% at σ = 0.45 at 6500 K CCT. About these intermediate values of the weight parameter, the SPD exhibits high color accuracy (high CFI values).

table

Weight σ CSI CDI K (Im / YY) Ra CFI Lights for lights partial beam fluxes 452 nm 523 nm 591 nm 625 nm 0.00 1 67 447 28th 12th 0.154 0.228 0.618 0.000 0.05 1 66 441 33 14th 0.151 0.236 0.587 0.026 0.10 1 64 435 38 16th 0.149 0.243 0.556 0.053 0.15 1 62 429 44 19th 0.146 0.250 0.525 0.079 0.20 1 60 423 49 22nd 0.144 0.257 0.495 0.105 0.25 1 57 417 55 26th 0.141 0.264 0.464 0.131 0.30 1 53 411 60 30th 0.139 0.271 0.433 0.158 0.35 1 46th 405 66 37 0.136 0.278 0.402 0.184 0.40 1 39 399 71 47 0.134 0.285 0.371 0.210 0.45 2 29th 393 76 55 0.131 0.292 0.340 0.236 0.50 4 22nd 387 81 59 0.128 0.299 0.310 0.263 0.55 13th 14th 381 85 55 0.126 0.306 0.279 0.289 0.60 24th 10th 375 86 50 0.123 0.313 0.248 0.315 0.65 34 7th 369 85 41 0.121 0.321 0.217 0.341 0.70 44 4 363 83 35 0.118 0.328 0.186 0.368 0.75 55 2 357 80 28th 0.116 0.335 0.155 0.394 0.80 63 2 351 73 22nd 0.113 0.342 0.125 0.420 0.85 67 1 345 65 18th 0.111 0.349 0.094 0.446 0.90 71 1 339 57 15th 0.108 0.356 0.063 0.473 0.95 74 1 333 49 13th 0.106 0.363 0.032 0.499 1.00 77 1 327 41 11th 0.103 0.370 0.000 0.527 Table 4 Weight CSI CDI K (lm / W) Ra CFI Lights for lights partial beam fluxes σ 452 nm 523 nm 591 nm 625 nm 0.00 1 58 399 51 20th 0.254 0.308 0.438 0.000 0.05 1 56 395 55 22nd 0.251 0.312 0.416 0.020 0.10 1 53 391 59 24th 0.248 0.317 0.395 0.040 0.15 0 50 387 63 27th 0.245 0.322 0.373 0.061 0.20 0 45 383 68 32 0.242 0.326 0.351 0.081 0.25 1 40 379 72 38 0.239 0.331 0.329 0.101 0.30 1 34 374 76 47 0.236 0.336 0.307 0.121 0.35 1 25th 370 81 57 0.233 0.340 0.285 0.142 0.40 1 17th 366 85 65 0.230 0.345 0.263 0.162 0.45 2 13th 362 88 68 0.227 0.350 0.241 0.182 0.50 7th 9th 358 90 60 0.224 0.354 0.219 0.202 0.55 17th 7th 354 90 53 0.221 0.359 0.197 0.222 0.60 30th 4 350 89 45 0.218 0.363 0.175 0.243 0.65 40 2 346 87 40 0.215 0.368 0.154 0.263 0.70 48 1 342 83 34 0.212 0.373 0.132 0.283 0.75 55 1 338 77 28th 0.209 0.377 0.110 0.303 0.80 60 1 333 72 24th 0.206 0.382 0.088 0.324 0.85 63 1 329 66 21st 0.204 0.387 0.066 0.344 0.90 65 0 325 60 17th 0.201 0.391 0.044 0.364 0.95 68 0 321 55 15th 0.198 0.396 0.022 0.384 1.00 70 0 317 49 13th 0.195 0.401 0.000 0.405

table

Weight σ CSI CDI K (lm / W) R. CFI Lights for lights partial beam fluxes 452 nm 523 nm 591 nm 625 nm 0.00 0 51 355 64 24th 0.346 0.320 0.334 0.000 0.05 0 47 352 67 26th 0.343 0.323 0.317 0.016 0.10 0 43 349 71 30th 0.339 0.327 0.301 0.033 0.15 0 39 346 74 36 0.336 0.331 0.284 0.049 0.20 0 34 344 78 42 0.333 0.334 0.267 0.065 0.25 0 29th 341 81 51 0.330 0.338 0.251 0.081 0.30 0 19th 338 85 62 0.327 0.342 0.234 0.097 0.35 1 14th 335 88 67 0.324 0.345 0.217 0.114 0.40 3 10th 332 90 67 0.321 0.349 0.201 0.130 0.45 9th 8th 329 91 62 0.318 0.352 0.184 0.146 0.50 15th 6th 326 91 54 0.314 0.356 0.167 0.162 0.55 26th 4 323 91 47 0.311 0.360 0.151 0.178 0.60 36 2 320 89 41 0.308 0.363 0.134 0.195 0.65 44 2 317 85 34 0.305 0.367 0.117 0.211 0.70 50 1 314 81 30th 0.302 0.371 0.101 0.227 0.75 54 1 311 77 26th 0.299 0.374 0.084 0.243 0.80 58 1 308 72 22nd 0.296 0.378 0.067 0.259 0.85 61 1 306 68 19th 0.293 0.381 0.050 0.276 0.90 63 1 303 63 17th 0.289 0.385 0.034 0.292 0.95 65 1 300 59 14th 0.286 0.389 0.017 0.308 1.00 67 2 297 54 12th 0.283 0.392 0.000 0.324

FIG. 8 depicts an SPD of multicolor adjustable color saturation lamps at different CCTs obtained in a second aspect of the present invention, wherein the marginal SPD with the highest CDI is obtained using a two-component (blue-yellow) white conversion phosphor and the marginal SPD with the highest CSI is obtained using a stack of LEDs consisting of 452 nm, 523 nm and 637 nm. This lamp has a 6042 K CCT, which is typical of this white light. FIG. 8 Part A represents the marginal SPD corresponding to the highest CDI and the lowest CSI.

FIG. 8 Part B represents the weighted SPD corresponding to both low CDI and low CDI.

FIG. 8 Part C represents the marginal SPD corresponding to the highest CSI and the lowest CDI. FIG. 8 Part D depicts the dependencies of CSI, CDI, and LER on the weight parameter σ. FIG. 8 Part E depicts the RPRF variation of four LEDs by σ.

6 Table parameters shown in Figure 8, numerical data, as well as the general color rendering index R _a and color accuracy indicator (CFI) value.

From the data shown in Fig.8 and Table 6, it can be seen that the maximum CDI values and the maximum CSI values are reached at the marginal SPDs with σ = 0 and σ = 1, respectively. At a given intermediate value σ = 0.30, both CDI and CSI have values that are nearly the same, less than 14%. About this intermediate value of the weight parameter, the SPD exhibits high color accuracy (high CFI values).

table

Weight σ CSI CDI K (lm / W) R. CFI Lights for lights partial beam fluxes White 452 nm 523 nm 637 nm 0 4 53 325 71 18th 1,000 0 0 0 0.05 4 51 322 74 20th 0.947 0.021 0.012 0.021 0.1 4 46th 319 77 24th 0.897 0.039 0.024 0.040 0.15 5 39 316 79 30th 0.847 0.057 0.036 0.060 0.2 6th 29th 313 82 35 0.797 0.075 0.047 0.080 0.25 8th 19th 311 83 42 0.747 0.094 0.059 0.100 0.3 13th 14th 308 84 45 0.697 0.112 0.071 0.120 0.35 18th 11th 305 84 43 0.648 0.130 0.083 0.140 0.4 25th 8th 302 82 40 0.598 0.148 0.095 0.159 0.45 31st 6th 299 80 37 0.548 0.166 0.107 0.179 0.5 37 5 296 77 31st 0.498 0.184 0.119 0.199 0.55 44 4 293 75 26th 0.448 0.202 0.130 0.219 0.6 49 3 291 72 24th 0.399 0.221 0.142 0.239 0.65 53 3 288 68 20th 0.349 0.239 0.154 0.258 0.7 57 3 285 64 19th 0.299 0.257 0.166 0.278 0.75 60 2 282 60 17th 0.249 0.275 0.178 0.298 0.8 62 2 279 56 15th 0.199 0.293 0.190 0.318 0.85 63 2 276 51 13th 0.149 0.311 0.202 0.338 0.9 65 2 273 46th 11th 0.100 0.330 0.213 0.357 0.95 66 2 271 41 10th 0.050 0.348 0.225 0.377 1 68 2 268 37 9th 0 0.366 0.237 0.397

FIG. Tables 5-8 and 3-6 show that sources of multicolour tunable color saturation have many common features, such as:

(A) Continuous variation of the weight parameter in the range from 0 to 1 results in a monotonic decrease in CDI and a monotonic increase in CSI;

(B) As the weight ratio increases (i.e. CSI increases with the expense of CDI), the RPRF of the red and 15 green components increases, whereas that of the blue and amber components

RPRF as well as LER are declining;

(C) High CDI values are achievable when the red component disappears;

(D) High CSI values are achieved when the amber (yellow) component disappears;

(E) the change in CDI and CSI is nonlinear with respect to the weight parameter; The CDI and CSI balance is achieved at σ of approximately 0.3 to 0.55.

According to data such as that of Figs. In Tables 5-8 and 3-6, and other data obtained analogously to the methods of the present invention, at least four different LEDs having a predetermined SPD can form a multicolor light source of a predetermined CCT, adjusting the color saturation of each emitter. group-generated RPRF such that when illuminated a set of color samples for the average human eye as different, the number of color samples rendered with reduced color saturation decreases and the number of color samples transmitted with increased color saturation increases; or, alternatively, the number of color samples rendered with reduced color saturation increases and the number of color samples rendered with increased color saturation decreases. Such alignment may include features such as (A) maximizing the number of samples that are rendered with enhanced color saturation, (B) maximizing the number of samples that are rendered with reduced color saturation;

(C) maximizing the difference between the number of samples that are rendered with enhanced color saturation and the number of samples that are rendered with reduced color saturation;

(D) maximizing the difference between the number of samples that are rendered with reduced color saturation and the number of samples that are rendered with increased color saturation;

(E) minimizing both the number of samples that are rendered with reduced color saturation and the number of samples that are rendered with increased color saturation;

(F) adjusting the color saturation capability, i.e. adjusting the ratio of the number of samples rendered with reduced color saturation to the number of samples rendered with increased color saturation by changing the CPD as the weighted sum of the two marginal CPDs optimized for each of these two numbers, respectively.

The number of color samples in the kit is desirably greater or even much greater than 15, and samples with very different color tones, saturation and light can be used.

More specifically, such a white source may be composed, for example, of four groups of LEDs with peak wavelengths of about 452 nm, 523 nm, 591 nm and 625 nm and corresponding bandwidths of about 20 nm, 32 nm, 15 nm and 15 nm. With 1200 samples of different colors, such a source may be combined so that:

- the proportion of color samples reproduced with reduced color saturation would be the largest, and the proportion of color samples reproduced with enhanced color saturation would be the smallest when these parts are:

(A1) about 67% and 1% at 3000 K CCT, respectively, with 0.154, 0.228, 0.618 and 0.000 RPRFs generated at 452 nm, 523 nm, 591 nm and 625 nm, respectively;

(A2) about 58% and 1% at 4500 K CCT, respectively, with choices of 0.254, 0.308, 0.438 and 0.000 RPRFs generated at 452 nm, 523 nm, 591 nm and, 625 nm, respectively;

(A3) about 51% and 0% at 6500 K CCT, respectively, with 0.346, 0.320, 0.334 and 0.000 RPRFs generated at 452 nm, 523 nm, 591 nm and 625 nm, respectively.

- the proportion of color samples reproduced with enhanced color saturation would be the largest and the proportion of color samples reproduced with reduced color saturation would be the smallest when the following components are present:

(B1) about 77% and 1% at 3000 K CCT, respectively, with a choice of 0.103, 0.370, 0.000 and 0.527 RPRFs generated at 452 nm, 523 nm, 591 nm and 625 nm, respectively;

(B2) about 70% and 0%, respectively, at 4500 K CCT, choosing 0.195, 0.401, 0.000 and 0.404 RPRFs generated by 452 nm, 523 nm, 591 nm and 625 nm LEDs, respectively;

(B3) about 67% and 2%, respectively, at 6500 K CCT with 0.283, 0.392, 0.000 and 0.324 RPRFs generated by 452 nm, 523 nm, 591 nm and 625 nm LEDs respectively.

- part of the color samples rendered with reduced saturation and part of the color samples rendered with increased color saturation are approximately the same and small in the following parts:

(C1) about 14% and 13% at 3000 K CCT, respectively, with the choice of 0.126, 0.306, 0.279 and 0.289 RPRFs generated by 452 nm, 523 nm, 591 nm and 625 nm LEDs, respectively;

(C2) about 9% and 7%, respectively, at 4500 K CCT, selecting 0.224, 0.354, 0.219, and 0.203 RPRFs generated by 452 nm, 523 nm, 591 nm and 625 nm LEDs, respectively;

(C3) about 8% and 9% at 6500 K CCT, respectively, with 0.318, 0.352, 0.184 and 0.146 RPRFs generated at 452 nm, 523 nm, 591 nm and 625 nm, respectively.

Another example of a tunable white light source may consist of a two-color white LED with an SPD containing blue and yellow components with wavelengths of about 447 nm and 547 nm and about 18 nm and 120 nm, respectively, and three groups of colored LEDs with approx. 452 nm, 523 nm and 637 nm at peak wavelengths and about 20 nm, 32 nm and 16 nm bandwidths, respectively. With 1200 samples of different colors, such a source may be combined so that:

- the proportion of color samples rendered with reduced color saturation would be the highest and the proportion of color samples rendered with increased color saturation would be the smallest when these parts are about 53% and 4% respectively, choosing 1,000, 0,000 , 0.000 and 0.000 RPRFs generated by white light and 452 nm, 523 nm and 637 nm light respectively;

- the proportion of color samples rendered with enhanced color saturation would be the highest and the proportion of color samples rendered with reduced color saturation would be the smallest when these parts are approximately 68% and 2% respectively, choosing 0,000, 0,237 , 0.366 and 0.397 RPRFs generated by white LED and 452 nm, 523 nm and 637 nm LEDs, respectively;

- the proportion of color samples rendered with reduced color saturation and some color samples transmitted with increased color saturation are approximately the same and small when those portions are approximately 14% and 13% respectively, choosing 0,697, 0,071, 0.112 and 0.120 RPRFs generated by white LED and 452 nm, 523 nm and 637 nm LEDs, respectively.

Additional objects and advantages are provided for the design of solid-state white light sources with two controllable opposite color rendering characteristics Embodiments of the present invention may include additional components, such as (A) an electronic circuit for light source obliteration such that each emitter group is generated RPRFs are maintained at constant values;

(B) an electronic and / or optoelectronic circuit for evaluating the RPRF generated by each emitter group;

(C) computer hardware and software for controlling electronic circuits in a manner that allows the CCT to be modified, to adjust the proportions of color samples transmitted with increased or decreased saturation, to maintain a constant output luminous flux by tuning, alternating CCT, and compensating for each emitter; group thermal and aging drifts.

Multicolour white light sources with controllable color saturation capabilities, constructed according to the methods of the present invention, can be used in general lighting, where they can be adapted to individual color vision needs and preferences, as well as commercial, architectural, recreational, medical, recreational, in street and landscape lighting to enhance or fade colors on various surfaces, and in other color-sensitive applications such as filming, photography and design, medical and psychology for the treatment and prevention of seasonal and other light-related disorders.

The foregoing description of various aspects of the invention has been provided for purposes of illustration and description. This description is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise disclosure, and it is obvious that many modifications and variations are possible. Such modifications and variations, which may be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, are encompassed within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims. For example, analogous light sources with different numbers of colors transmitted with increased and decreased color saturation can be obtained using lasers.

Claims (23)

DEFINITION OF INVENTION 1. A solid state light source having a predetermined correlated color temperature and a predetermined minimum luminous efficacy or minimum luminous efficacy, comprising at least one set of at least two groups of visible light emitters having different spectral power distributions and individual relative partial rays, electronic a circuit for controlling the average power current and / or number of emitters in each emitter group, and a component for evenly distributing the radiation emitted by different emitter groups across the illuminated object, characterized in that the spectral power distributions of each emitter group and the relative partial radiation flows are generated. are such that, when compared with a reference light source, each of more than fifteen color samples is illuminated by the average human eye how different the color saturation capability is controlled so that both a portion of the color samples rendered with enhanced color saturation and a portion of the color samples transmitted with reduced color saturation are predetermined and / or dynamically tuned. 2. The light source of claim 1, wherein the correlated color temperature is within a range of about 2500 to 10000 K; the degree of color saturation is assessed by reference to the color adaptation of the human vision; and / or emitters include light emitting diodes which emit light by injection electroluminescence in semiconductor junctions or by injection electroluminescence in partial or total conversion in wavelength converters containing phosphorus. 3. The light source of claim 1, comprising at least three visible light emitters, wherein the spectral power distributions of each emitter group and the relative partial radiation fluxes generated are such that each of the more than fifteen color samples is illuminated. , distinguished by the average human eye as: (a) at least a predetermined portion of the color samples is reproduced with enhanced color saturation; and (b) no more than another predetermined fraction of the color samples are rendered with reduced saturation. 4. The light source of claim 3, wherein the relative partial rays generated by each of said emitter groups are such that the difference between a portion of the color samples rendered with enhanced saturation and a portion of the color samples transmitted with reduced saturation is maximized . 5. The light source of claim 3, wherein said source has a correlated color temperature in the range of 2700-6500 K and a light efficiency of at least 250 Im / VV and includes three groups of colored LEDs with an average bandwidth of approximately 30 nm and having peak wavelengths. at approximately 408-486 nm, 509-553 nm and 605-642 nm, where at least 60% of more than 1000 different color samples are rendered with enhanced saturation, and no more than 4% of the color samples are rendered with reduced soot. 6. The light source of claim 5, wherein said three groups of colored LEDs include, respectively, blue electroluminescent InGaN LEDs with a peak wavelength at about 452 nm and a bandwidth of approximately 20 nm, green electroluminescent InGaN LEDs with a wavelength at about 523 nm and about 32 nm, and red AIGalnP LEDs with a peak wavelength of about 625 nm and about 15 nm, where more than 1,200 different color samples are transmitted with enhanced saturation , is maximized, and the proportion of samples that are transmitted with reduced saturation is minimized: (a) up to about 77% and 1%, respectively, at 3000 K correlated color temperature, with a choice of relative increments of 0.103, 0.370 and 0.527 5 beams generated by 452 nm, 523 nm and 625 nm LEDs, respectively; (b) up to about 70% and 0%, respectively, at 4500 K correlated color temperature, selecting 0.195, 0.401, and 0.405 relative partial fluxes generated at 452 nm, 523 nm, and 625 nm, respectively. 10 LEDs; (c) up to about 67% and 2%, respectively, at 6500 K correlated color temperature, selecting 0.283, 0.392, and 0.325 relative partial fluxes generated at 452 nm, 523 nm, and 625 nm, respectively. 7. The light source of claim 1, wherein the spectral power distributions of each of said emitter groups and the relative partial radiation fluxes generated are such that, relative to the reference light source, each of the more than fifteen color samples is illuminated, 20 different for the average human eye: (a) at least a predetermined part of the color samples is reproduced with reduced saturation; and (b) not more than the other predetermined fraction of the color samples are rendered with enhanced color saturation. 8. The light source of claim 7, wherein the relative partial rays generated by each of said emitter groups are such that the difference between a portion of color samples rendered with reduced saturation and a portion of color samples transmitted with increased saturation is 30 maximized. 9. The light source of claim 7, wherein said light source has a correlated color temperature in the range of 2700 to 6500 K and a light efficiency of at least 250 lm / W and includes: (a) two groups of colored LEDs with an average bandwidth of about 30 nm having peak wavelengths in the range of about 405-486 nm and 570585 nm, or (b) three groups of colored LEDs with an average bandwidth of about 30 nm having peak wavelengths at approximately 408-486 nm, 490-560 nm and 585-600 nm, where at least 60% of more than 1000 different color samples are rendered with reduced saturation and no more than 4% of the color samples are rendered with with increased saturation. 10. The light source of claim 9, wherein said three groups of colored LEDs include, respectively, blue electroluminescent InGaN LEDs with a peak wavelength at about 452 nm and a bandwidth of approximately 20 nm, green electroluminescent InGaN LEDs with a peak wavelength at about 523 nm and about 32 nm in bandwidth and AIGalnP amber LEDs with a peak at about 591 nm and about 15 nm in bandwidth, where, in the case of more than 1,200 different color samples, a portion of the samples are rendered with reduced saturation , is maximized, and a fraction of the samples that are transmitted at elevated saturation are minimized: (a) up to about 67% and 1% at 3000 K correlated color temperature, respectively, selecting 0.154, 0.228 and 0.618 relative partial beam fluxes generated by 452 nm, 523 nm and 591 nm LEDs, respectively; (b) up to about 58% and 1%, respectively, at 4500 K correlated color temperature, selecting 0.254, 0.308 and 0.438 relative partial beam fluxes generated by 452 nm, 523 nm and 591 nm LEDs, respectively; (c) up to about 51% and 0% at 6500 K correlated color temperature, respectively, selecting 0.346, 0.320, and 0.334 relative partial fluxes generated by 452 nm, 523 nm, and 591 nm LEDs, respectively. 11. The light source of claim 1, wherein said light source comprises at least three groups of visible light emitters, wherein the spectral power distributions of each emitter group and the relative partial beam fluxes generated are such that each of the emitted light sources is illuminated. more than fifteen color samples, distinguished by the average human eye: (a) no more than a predetermined fraction of the color samples are rendered with reduced saturation; and (b) not more than the other predetermined fraction of the color samples are rendered with enhanced color saturation. 12. The light source of claim 11, wherein the relative partial radiation fluxes generated by each of said emitter groups are selected such that portions of the color samples transmitted with both increased saturation and reduced saturation are minimized below a predetermined portion. 13. The light source of claim 12, wherein said light source has a correlated color temperature in the range of 2700-6500 K and a light efficiency of at least 250 Im / VV and includes: (a) three groups of colored LEDs with an average bandwidth of approximately 30 nm having peak wavelengths in the range of approximately 433-487 nm, 519-562 nm and 595-637 nm, with portions of color from more than 1000 different color samples transmitted in both with reduced and increased saturation are minimized to 14%, or (b) four groups of colored LEDs with an average bandwidth of about 30 nm having peak wavelengths of about 434-475 nm, 49554 537 nm, 555-590 nm and 616-653 nm, where parts of colors from more than IMI of different color samples transmitted with both reduced and increased saturation are minimized to 2%. 14. The light source of claim 12, wherein said light source comprises three groups of colored LEDs, respectively, such as blue electroluminescent InGaN LEDs with a peak wavelength at approximately 452 nm and a bandwidth of approximately 20 nm. blue electroluminescent InGaN LEDs with peak wavelengths of about 512 nm and about 30 nm and amber phosphorus InGaN LEDs with peak wavelengths of about 589 nm and about 70 nm, with parts of more than 1200 different colors specimens transmitted with both reduced and increased saturation are minimized to: (a) about 32% at a correlated color temperature of 4500 K, selecting the relative partial fluxes of 0.207, 0.254, and 0.539 generated by 452 nm, 512 nm, and 589 nm LEDs, respectively; (b) about 15% at a 6500 K correlated color temperature, selecting 0.291, 0.280, and 0.429 relative partial beam fluxes generated by the 452 nm, 512 nm, and 589 nm LEDs, respectively; or said light source comprises four groups of colored LEDs, respectively, such as blue electroluminescent InGaN LEDs with a peak wavelength of about 452 nm and a bandwidth of about 20 nm, green electroluminescent InGaN LEDs with a wavelength of about 523 nm and about 32 nm bandwidth, amber conversion phosphor InGaN LEDs with peak wavelengths at about 589 nm and about 70 nm, and red AIGalnP red LEDs with peak wavelengths at about 637 nm and about 16 nm, colors from more than 1,200 different color samples rendered with both reduced and increased saturation are minimized to: (c) about 2% at 3000 K correlated color temperature, selecting relative partial beam fluxes of 0.112, 0.225, 0.421, and 0.242 generated by 452 nm, 523 nm, 589 nm, and 637 nm LEDs, respectively; (d) about 3% at a correlated color temperature of 4500 K, selecting 0.208, 0.283, 0.353, and 0.156 relative partial beam fluxes generated by 452 nm, 523 nm, 589 nm, and 637 nm LEDs, respectively; (e) about 4% at 6500 K correlated color temperature, selecting 0.300, 0.293, 0.305, and 0.102 relative partial beam fluxes generated by 452 nm, 523 nm, 589 nm, and 637 nm LEDs, respectively. 15. The light source of claim 1, wherein the relative partial rays generated by each group of emitters are synchronously varied so that, relative to the reference light source, each of the more than fifteen color samples is illuminated differently for the average human eye: (a) the proportion of color samples rendered with enhanced color saturation increases, while the proportion of color samples rendered with reduced color saturation decreases; or (b) the proportion of color samples rendered with increased color saturation decreases, whereas the proportion of color samples rendered with reduced color saturation increases. 16. The light source of claim 15, wherein the relative partial radiation fluxes generated by each of said emitter groups are synchronized as a weighted sum of the relative partial radiation fluxes of the respective emitter groups of light sources, wherein said sources are (a) defined in claims 3 and 7; or (b) defined in points 4 and 8. 17. The light source of claim 16, wherein said light source has a predetermined correlated color temperature of 270056. At 6500 K and at least 250 lm / W of luminous efficacy, wherein the relative partial fluxes of said emitter groups are synchronized as a weighted sum of the relative partial fluxes of the respective light sources, the sources being defined in points 5 and 9, a predefined value for the correlated color temperature 18. The light source of claim 16, wherein said light source has a correlated color temperature in the range of 2700-6500 K and a light efficiency of at least 250 lm / W and includes four groups of colored LEDs, such as blue InGaN blue LEDs. wavelength at about 452 nm and about 20 nm, green InGaN LEDs with peak at about 523 nm and about 32 nm, AIGalnP amber with wavelength at about 591 nm and about 15 nm and red AIGalnP LEDs with a peak wavelength at about 625 nm and a bandwidth of about 15 nm, wherein the relative partial rays generated by said groups of LEDs are synchronously changed as a weighted sum of the relative partial rays of the respective light sources, where the sources are defined. and 10 points , with the same correlated color temperature value for both sources. 19. The light source of claim 16, wherein said light source has a correlated color temperature of about 6042 K and a luminous efficacy of at least 250 lm / W and comprises four groups of LEDs such as white dual-color LEDs with partial radiation conversion. phosphor, blue InGaN LEDs with peak wavelengths at about 452 nm and about 20 nm bandwidth, green InGaN LEDs with peak wavelengths at about 523 nm and about 32 nm bandwidth, and red AIGalnP LEDs with peak wavelengths at ca. At a bandwidth of 637 nm and about 16 nm, wherein the relative partial beam fluxes generated by each of said LED groups are synchronized as the weighted sum of the respective relative partial fluxes of the white LEDs and the tri-color array consisting of blue, green, and red LEDs. 20. The light source of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the visible light emitters in at least one of said groups are integrated semiconductor chips, wherein the spectral power distribution of the chips is matched by selecting 5 at least one of the following: the chemical composition or thickness of the active layer in each emitter or the chemical composition of the phosphor in the wavelength transducer or the thickness or shape of the wavelength transducer. A light source according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein 10 that said light source further comprises: an electronic circuit for dimming the light source such that the relative partial rays generated by each group of emitters are maintained at constant values; and / or an electronic and / or optoelectronic circuit for estimating the relative partial beam fluxes generated by each group of emitters 15; and / or computer hardware and software for controlling electronic circuits in a manner that allows changing the correlated color temperature and a portion of the color samples transmitted with increased or decreased saturation, to maintain a constant output luminous flux by varying the correlated color temperature and 20 color samples , which are transmitted with increased or decreased saturation, as well as by dimming and compensating for thermal and aging drifts within each emitter group. 22. A method of dynamically adjusting a color saturation power, wherein the white light is produced by mixing at least two light sources defined by In claim 1, having different color saturation capacities, the radiation, whereby the spectral power distribution of the mixed radiation is synchronously changed as a weighted sum of the spectral power distributions of the said constituent sources with variable weight parameters controlling the color saturation power. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the white light is generated by mixing radiation emitted from two white light sources having the same correlated color temperature, each of which comprises at least one group of white emitters and / or at least two groups of colored emitters, wherein interchanges the spectral power distribution S _{a of the} mixed radiation as the spectral power distributions of the two constituent sources, Si and S2 respectively, Weighted amount 5: