LT4215B - Method for the collection, analysis, measurement and storage of geographical data - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a method for the collection, analysis, measurement and storage of geographical data, the aim being to guarantee user-relevant data handling and simplified availability in large, medium and small user centres and to ensures the optimization of existing components in digital stereo work stations with facilities for interactive overlay, truing and execution of digitally recorded landscape, planning and property data or land-register maps as well as the addition of alphanumeric data. This aim is achieved as shown in the figure by virtue of the fact that a topographic surface (zone 1) is recorded using aerial photography by an aircraft (2) whose position is determined by means of DGPS signals from satellites (3). A digital height model (4) is subsequently derived by data processing or calculated after the fourth operational step. From the topographic surface (zone 1) and the digital height model, including the known positions of the projection centres at the time the photograph was taken by the aircraft (2), and by mathematical transformation of the analogue aerial photo or of a digital aerial-photo scene, the digital orthophoto (5) is generated and made available to a potential user on a data-storage medium, thus enabling the potential user to add, to the digital orthophoto (5), vector/line graphics (6) and to make use of it depending on the task specification and necessary decision-making capacity which he, as mandator, has formulated.

Description

The invention relates to the method of accounting, estimating, measuring and compiling geo-information and is intended for public planning and decision-making bodies in the field of spatial planning, public-law planning societies, private planners, architects and engineers. Thus, the invention also relates to urban planning, site redevelopment, cadastre (mainly in rural areas), transport infrastructure measures (streets, rails, waterways, cadastre, indoor planning, agrarian planning, forestry and nature conservation).

Current technology for measuring-technological tasks relies on a high level of development of so-called geo-information systems in the following areas: raster image processing, CAD and raster graphics integration with relevant alphanumeric information (attributes). Analog images can be converted to higher resolution digital codes. Appropriate computing techniques shall be used to process the large amounts of data thus obtained.

A solution is known from DE A 32 19 032 which uses a location-sweeping camera to obtain orientation data as well as a digital model of terrain elevation. Transverse or longitudinal sensing strings and appropriate optics shall be used. Performing continuous line-by-line scanning yields three tapes of a location image from a different perspective. In addition, it is advisable, in particular, to apply eye-divided pixels in the middle bar of the video note and to determine the corresponding pixels from the surface correlation in the other two tape bars, as well as assigned line numbers; determine approximate camera orientation parameters and point coordinates in the area based on the approximate known flight motion parameters at each point; assign the beam cut conditions to a single point belonging to all three beams and, using the error equations and the smoothing process, determine the most probable and final values of the orientation parameters and the coordinates of the point location.

Further, a solution is known from EP A 0 237 601, wherein the photogrammetric object capture is performed by an optoelectronic solid state planar sensor in a large image format divided into partial images, wherein the position of the sensor in the image plane is determined using a grid. This can happen when at least one mesh is projected in the sensor image. By measuring the grid point in the partial image coordinate system and transforming it into the grid system parameters, the position of the plane sensor and the transformation parameters for all pixels in the mesh are determined. For this, the approximate position of the sensor must be known with sufficient precision to allow the mesh number of the mesh to be identified as unambiguous identification of the grid point.

It is known from DE A 38 02 547 that during the first photographic flight at 150 - 500 m above ground level with reconnaissance cameras (2) combined with television cameras (3), route photogrammetry was obtained with the help of reconnaissance cameras (2). images. Route photogrammetric images by means of orientation using photogrammetric methods were described and evaluated according to their position in space. The determined structure position data in space were arranged so that they could be selectively called from the coordinates of the spatial structure.

According to DE A 38 30 577, object waveforms are formed by digitally controlling the scan period Aty, a priori analogue, parallel detector signals and their accumulation in accumulators (M) which, in series, form an analog line signal s (t) which in constant periods, Δίomas is scanned and then the final signals corresponding to the object bulges (B) are formed; scan periods Aty and Atx are functions of scan distance (E) and flight height (h) and scan angle (w), respectively.

Patent DD 237 211 relates to an actuator for operation in automatic mode in a photogrammetric image recorder. It can be used to obtain routine photogrammetric images and should avoid the disadvantages of manual operation of the recorder and minimize the burden on service personnel. Photogrammetric image o

the speed-to-height ratio required for control of the recorder, the deviation from the course and the illumination time shall be determined by appropriate correlation measurements. Two separate rows of photosensitive sensors arranged vertically in the direction of flight and surveyed at defined time points provide important information about the generation of controls, corresponding to the area crossed.

According to DE A 36 12 674, the method of measuring gravity from the air is based on the use of an aircraft stabilized in terms of speed, heading and altitude with a gravity meter of appropriate sensitivity. This meter and other signals are recorded at high speed in magnetic tape, and the position (position) of the aircraft can be estimated either by satellite navigation system or by using a ground-based navigation system linked to well-known geodetic points, providing many navigational parameters, as the direction and distance of bearing.

The disadvantage lies in the fact that the above solutions were not coordinated and used as a technical-technological sum for the accounting, evaluation, measurement and accumulation of geo-information; only from time to time, these solutions have been partially used, and as a result, a comprehensive system for accounting, measuring, measuring and compiling geo-information is still incomplete.

From an article in the ICL Technical Journal, vol. 6, No. 3, 1989. May, Oxford, p. 542-556; J.M. P. Quinn: "... the Towards a Geographic Information System," a known solution that links existing data to a conventional data bank, thereby linking business data to spatial data, and vector data from image data.

The disadvantage of this solution is that it cannot be combined:

• Vertical aerial photographs • Satellite videos and • Satellite navigation systems • Stereoscopic images • Radar recordings • Microwave • Scanning • Aerotriangulation.

In order to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art, the object of the invention is to provide a method of accounting, estimating, measuring and storing geo-information that guarantees practice-oriented data processing and simplified access for large, medium and small user centers. adaptation and subsequent transmission using digitally recorded landscape, layout, layout, or cadastral data, or to provide additional alphanumeric information. Engineers, technicians, or operators must be able to monitor the planning space on the screen in two or, depending on the configuration of the device, in three dimensions, i.e. y. observe the spatial view. Digital image information must also be called up as an orthophoto and transferred with planning and mapping data to adapt to local conditions.

According to the invention, the object is achieved by taking advantage of the features set forth in claims 1 and 2. An advantage of the invention is that the accounting, estimation, measurement and compilation of geo-information results in extraordinary cost and time savings, and the invention is characterized by the fact that field work can be performed in an office.

By using satellite geodesy (GPS, DGPS), high-precision routing aerial photographic cameras for recording data in the measurement area, and advanced aerial photographic triangulation techniques (satellite aeronautical mode), projection center position images are highly accurate. In addition, this method handles digital image data, graphic data, and all'numeric data. Interfaces available for various types of data banks and formats. At the same time, the solution of the invention has interfaces with GSP receivers commercially available today that can be used for tracking and measurement purposes. In addition, coordinates between the GSP and workstations can be transmitted telemetrically as needed. Another benefit is that digitally-adjusted up-to-date image data can be provided on CDs or other media, eliminating the need for CD users to record new data, aerial triangulation and correction, and to update existing data.

Scanning and digitization of available cadastral maps, CAD-construction of cadastral lines and hybrid raster-vector processing based on the available geodetic reference system are presented.

Depending on the amount of work involved, the configuration of the devices can be progressively scaled up to a high power workstation level. The method provides interfaces with plotters and scanners available on the market.

The invention is illustrated in FIG. 1 to indicate the course of the mode,

FIG. 2, showing the instrumental configuration, and FIG. 3, which schematically explains the way.

Designations used in the drawings:

topographic surface (area) airplane satellites digital elevation model digital orthophotography vector and bar graph

An example of a performance is a topographic area which is calculated, evaluated, measured and compiled in this manner.

FIG. 1 and FIG. The method of accounting, validating, measuring and compiling geo-information depicted in Figure 2 comprises the steps of object limitation, data creation, data preparation, data evaluation, data conversion, based on aerial photography and satellite video, geodetic information and other planning data; information that can be associated with object space and processed in the latest computing and data processing device configurations. The following stages of the process are necessary for the planning and utilization of the aforementioned geographical information:

1. Geographic delimitation of the project area using captured maps, analogue, digital information, or site description.

2. Obtaining geographical or mapping coordinates if available on national or international networks. In the absence of this type of information, the relevant networks may be obtained by satellite-based geodesy with the Global Positioning System and, if necessary, compressed by aerial triangulation.

3. The project area shall be taken from the airplane by high-performance aerial photographic metering cameras, and the resulting image material shall fully cover the area and provide stereoscopic vision. If necessary, the geodetic tethering in the project area requires provision of transition points.

4. Where available satellite images of appropriate quality and the extent of future work permit the use of satellite imagery, satellite imagery shall be geocoded at crossing points (x, y, z).

5. The method involves inertial positioning of the DGPS camera during flight photography, thereby reducing the cost of 2. the work described.

6. After highlighting, the analog video material is scanned at high resolution and thus transformed into digital information, and this is done precisely in the submicrometer area at the required resolution.

7. Geocoding of satellite imagery or aerial triangulation by position and altitude (x, y, z) allows measurement of each individual aerial photo model or satellite image. This operation is an important step in linking visuals to geodetic and geographic networks, and at the same time the basis for further quality measurements and interpretation.

8. Based on the data generated by 6. a numerical altitude model is measured or automatically calculated, which is a prerequisite for aerial photographs correction. As a result of the differential correction of the digitally recorded aerial information, each elevation becomes a parallel projection and is thus combined with the resulting digital image values with an orthophotograph.

9. After completing steps 1-7, the project area is presented to the data user as a numerical model to the measurement laboratory. With the appropriate hardware and software, he has the ability to observe, measure, and plan the area in parallel or spatial (plastic) projection.

The digital location information (see steps 1 through 8) is stored in the appropriate data carrier, and to the extent necessary for the design area or design plan. Data carriers are used e.g.

CD. For potential users, this data, unless the language speaks to a specific area of design, is given in the usual geographical breakdown, such as country, province, county, community. In this way, each user of this digital data, depending on experience, knowledge or guidance, is given the opportunity to undertake interactive scheduling, or to commit to a third party. This allows consistent surface design using lines, dots, measurement numbers, and mathematical values (eg, tracking). In addition, various applications, building shapes, ecological conditions, anomalies, etc., can be recognized and incorporated into interactive data at the same time. t. In its further development, the method implies a three-dimensional composition of structures, e.g. building streets, bridges and high-rise buildings.

10. CAD-workplace interactive construction or planning of a location model involves the use of other external graphical and non-graphical forms of information. For this, you need to have the aforementioned planning information in the same geodetic or geographic network that is compatible with the terrain model.

11. The information mentioned in 10. can be viewed as a separate component of a process, since it must be created or received as the process progresses. In addition, the terrain model can be processed in an interactive station using the available field measurements and mathematically calculated values. The prerequisite for matching raster and vector information is a geodetic comparative system.

12. The technical part of the data acquisition consists of high-performance filming airplanes equipped with high-resolution line-of-sight photogrammetric cameras, GSP-navigation, INS-DGSP-navigation where applicable; in addition, satellite data and airborne sensors are allowed to create geographic information. Standard scale and high quality photo labs are provided for further processing of data (unless in the future the aerial recording of project area data is done digitally). High-resolution digital recording of panchromatic image information uses appropriate scanners. Aerotriangulation or other geodetic crossing compaction and digital elevation modeling are performed using high-performance imaging equipment. The accumulation of the adjusted digital location model is done in the 9. space mentioned.

13. At the same time, in the context of conversion formats customary in the industry, the technique provides that digital image data, vector data, and alphanumeric information can be stored in a variety of data banks and formats in a consistent manner. In addition, provision is made, for a fee, for the realization, where necessary, of the transmission of data or part thereof by telemetry, electronic mail, ISND, etc. help.

14. The method is intended for a potential market-oriented production strategy and can be constantly upgraded and adapted to evolving techniques. Basic software for information visualization is included.

FIG. Method 3 is schematically depicted in such a way that the topographic surface (area) 1 is photographed from the air by an airplane 2 whose position is determined by satellite signals 3 (DGPS); after having available a digital elevation model derived from the data estimation in step 4, topographic surface (area) 1, and digital elevation model 4, including known position of projection centers in space during airplane imaging 2, and mathematical transformation and, on the basis of analogue aerial or digital aerial photography, digital orthophotography 5 is prepared which is made available to potential users by means of data carriers. In this way, the potential user, depending on his task and the solutions he has formulated as a customer, has the opportunity to enter vector or bar graph into digital orthophotography 5 and to evaluate it accordingly.

Claims (2)

1. A method of recording, evaluating, measuring and storing geo-information comprising combining and processing spatial data in computing and data processing device configurations, the method comprising, in the first step, limiting the object to digital data, location data, topographic descriptions and geodetic or geographic coordinates; Stage 2 data is obtained from routing photogrammetric vertical terrestrial or satellite imagery, which is combined into image structures (blocks), and utilizes altitude, satellite and airborne imagery, terrestrial information (measurements), planning and sketching data, polarization microwave radar data, prepares data in step three based on geocoded, scanned satellite imagery or vertical terrestrial photos, terrestrial cameras calculating the projection centers and positioning the sensors, positioning the sensors in space during image capture, and sensing the position and terrestrial triangulation of the DPGS-system, evaluates the data in the fourth step by converting the available terrestrial photos with submicrometric accuracy into appropriate resolution! and performs operations such as measuring and calculating a digital elevation model, adjusting digital images, preparing digital image structures (mosaic mapping), and in the fifth step prepares this geo-information obtained in steps 1-4 in various industrial raster data exchange formats and at various resolutions in black-and-white or color and collect digital data on various digital media such as CD, DAT, STREAMER, digital removable disks, coordinate and exchange geo-information with other databases and formats, telemetry, email and ISND , in the sixth step, the data user uses the digital information in the measurement lab as a digital model to the extent defined by the project area or planning object, and sequentially constructs surfaces using lines, points, number of measurements and mathematical values; if necessary, recognizes and interprets various fields of application, construction forms, ecological conditions, anomalies in interactive data; field work in the office and use digital data for cadastre. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the topographic surface (area) (1) is photographed from an airplane (2), the position of which in space is determined by satellite (3) signals (DPGS); calculates the digital elevation model (4) from the data obtained after the fourth stage, and, taking into account the topographic surface (area) (1) and the digital elevation model (4) and the known position of the projection centers in aerial photography (2), analogue or digital creates a digital orthophoto (5) through mathematical transformation of terrestrial photographs which is made available to potential users by means of data carriers.