KR102002161B1 - 표면 산란 안테나 - Google Patents
표면 산란 안테나 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102002161B1 KR102002161B1 KR1020187017839A KR20187017839A KR102002161B1 KR 102002161 B1 KR102002161 B1 KR 102002161B1 KR 1020187017839 A KR1020187017839 A KR 1020187017839A KR 20187017839 A KR20187017839 A KR 20187017839A KR 102002161 B1 KR102002161 B1 KR 102002161B1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
- H01Q15/10—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism comprising three-dimensional array of impedance discontinuities, e.g. holes in conductive surfaces or conductive discs forming artificial dielectric
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/28—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave comprising elements constituting electric discontinuities and spaced in direction of wave propagation, e.g. dielectric elements or conductive elements forming artificial dielectric
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/006—Selective devices having photonic band gap materials or materials of which the material properties are frequency dependent, e.g. perforated substrates, high-impedance surfaces
- H01Q15/0066—Selective devices having photonic band gap materials or materials of which the material properties are frequency dependent, e.g. perforated substrates, high-impedance surfaces said selective devices being reconfigurable, tunable or controllable, e.g. using switches
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
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Abstract
Description
도 2a 및 2b는 표면 산란 안테나에 대한 예시적인 조정 패턴(adjustment pattern) 및 대응하는 빔 패턴(beam pattern)을 각각 도시한다.
도 3a 및 3b는 표면 산란 안테나에 대한 다른 예시적인 조정 패턴 및 대응하는 빔 패턴을 각각 도시한다.
도 4a 및 4b는 표면 산란 안테나를 위한 다른 예시적인 조정 패턴 및 대응하는 장 패턴(field pattern)을 각각 도시한다.
도 5 및 6은 표면 산란 안테나의 단위 셀(unit cell)을 도시한다.
도 7은 메타물질 소자(metamaterial element)의 예시를 도시한다.
도 8은 표면 산란 안테나의 마이크로스트립(microstrip) 실시예를 도시한다.
도 9는 표면 산란 안테나의 공면 도파관(coplanar waveguide) 실시예를 도시한다.
도 10 및 11은 표면 산란 안테나의 폐쇄 도파관(closed waveguide) 실시예를 도시한다.
도 12는 산란 소자가 직접 주소 지정(direct addressing)되는 표면 산란 안테나를 도시한다.
도 13은 산란 소자가 매트릭스 주소 지정(matrix addressing)되는 표면 산란 안테나를 도시한다.
도 14는 시스템 블록도를 도시한다.
도 15 및 16은 흐름도를 도시한다.
104: 파동 전파 구조 106: 피드 연결기
108: 피드 구조
500: 단위 셀 502: 하부 도전체/기준 평면
504: 유전체 기판 506: 상부 도전체
510: 메타 물질 소자 512: 애퍼처
514: 도전체 섬 520: 액정 물질
530: 바이어스 전압 선 532: 커버부
534: 스페이서
600: 희생 층 602: 공동
802: 기준 평면 804: 유전체 기판
806: 상부 도전체 808: 도전성 스트립
810: 메타 물질 소자 812: 애퍼처
814: 도전체 섬 830: 바이어스 전압 선
840: 비아
902: 하부 기준 평면 904: 유전체 층
906: 중앙 기준 평면 907: CPW 신호 트레이스
908: 유전체 층 910: 상부 기준 평면
912: 유전체 층 920: 메타 물질 소자
922: 도전체 섬 924: 채널
930: 비아 940: 관통 비아
950: 바이어스 전압 선 952: 바이어싱 패드
1002: 홈통 1004: 도전체 표면
1010: 메타물질 소자 1012: 도전체 섬
1020: 비아 1030: 바이어스 전압 선
1040: 유전체 1050: 홈통
1102: 홈통 1104: 도전체 표면
1106: 아이리스 1110: 공진기 소자
1112: 도전체 섬 1120: 비아
1125: 라우팅 선 1130: 바이어스 전압 선
1150: 비아
1200: 산란소자 1202: 마이크로스트립
1204: 바이어스 전압선
1300: 산란 소자 1302: 바이어스 전압 선
1304: 바이어싱 회로 1306: 행 입력
1308: 열 입력
1400: 시스템 1410: 통신 유닛
1412: 피드 1420: 안테나 유닛
1422: 센서 유닛 1430: 안테나 제어기
Claims (103)
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- 안테나 방사 패턴을 생성하는 방법에 있어서,
제1 안테나 방사 패턴을 선택하는 단계; 및
하나 이상의 제어 입력에 응답하여 조정 가능한 표면 산란 안테나에 대해, 상기 선택된 제1 안테나 방사 패턴에 대응하는 상기 하나 이상의 제어 입력의 제1 값을 결정하는 단계;
상기 선택된 제1 안테나 방사 패턴과 상이한 제2 안테나 방사 패턴을 선택하는 단계; 및
상기 선택된 제2 안테나 방사 패턴에 대응하는 상기 하나 이상의 제어 입력의 제2 값을 결정하는 단계를 포함하되,
상기 표면 산란 안테나는
피드 구조를 통해 전자기 신호를 수신할때 가이드되는 파동을 발사하기 위한 적어도 하나의 피드 연결기;
상기 가이드되는 파동을 전파하기 위해 배치된 도파관 및
상기 안테나의 동작 주파수에 대응하는 자유 공간 파장보다 적은 소자간 간격을 가지고 상기 도파관을 따라서 분포되는 복수의 산란 소자를 포함하고,
상기 복수의 산란 소자는
하나 이상의 외부 입력에 대응하여 조정가능한 전자기적 속성들,
상기 도파관 내에서의 가이드되는 파동모드에 응답하는 복수의 조정 가능한 개별적인 전자기 응답을 가지고,
상기 조정가능한 전자기적 속성들 및 상기 복수의 개별적인 전자기 응답들은 상기 가이드되는 파동이 상기 복수의 산란 소자들에서 산란될때 상기 안테나의 조정가능한 방사 필드를 제공하는 것인 안테나 방사 패턴 생성 방법. - 제42항에 있어서,
상기 표면 산란 안테나는 상기 하나 이상의 제어 입력의 함수인 각각의 조정 가능한 물리적 매개변수를 가지는 복수의 산란 소자를 가지는, 안테나 방사 패턴 생성 방법. - 제43항에 있어서,
상기 하나 이상의 제어 입력의 상기 제1 값을 결정하는 단계는,
상기 선택된 제1 안테나 방사 패턴을 제공하도록 상기 각각의 조정 가능한 물리적 매개변수의 각각의 제1 값을 결정하는 단계; 및
상기 각각의 조정 가능한 물리적 매개변수의 상기 결정된 각각의 제1 값에 대응하는 상기 하나 이상의 제어 입력의 상기 제1 값을 결정하는 단계를 포함하는, 안테나 방사 패턴 생성 방법. - 제43항에 있어서,
상기 각각의 조정 가능한 물리적 매개변수는 상기 복수의 산란 소자의 각각의 조정 가능한 공진 주파수인, 안테나 방사 패턴 생성 방법. - 제43항에 있어서,
상기 하나 이상의 제어 입력은 상기 복수의 산란 소자에 대한 복수의 각각의 바이어스 전압을 포함하는, 안테나 방사 패턴 생성 방법. - 제43항에 있어서,
상기 복수의 산란 소자는 행과 열에 의해 주소 지정 가능하고, 상기 하나 이상의 제어 입력은 행 입력의 세트 및 열 입력의 세트를 포함하는, 안테나 방사 패턴 생성 방법. - 제43항에 있어서,
상기 복수의 산란 소자는 조정 가능한 이득을 가지는 피드 선의 세트에 의해 피드되고, 상기 하나 이상의 제어 입력은 상기 조정 가능한 이득을 포함하는, 안테나 방사 패턴 생성 방법. - 제43항에 있어서,
상기 표면 산란 안테나에 대한 상기 하나 이상의 제어 입력의 상기 제1 값을 제공하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 안테나 방사 패턴 생성 방법. - 제 42항에 있어서,
상기 제1 안테나 방사 패턴을 선택하는 단계는 안테나 빔 방향을 선택하는 단계를 포함하는, 안테나 방사 패턴 생성 방법. - 제50항에 있어서,
상기 안테나 빔 방향은 통신 위성의 방향에 대응하는, 안테나 방사 패턴 생성 방법. - 제50항에 있어서,
상기 안테나 빔 방향은 전기 통신 기지국의 방향에 대응하는, 안테나 방사 패턴 생성 방법. - 제50항에 있어서,
상기 안테나 빔 방향은 전기 통신 모바일 플랫폼의 방향에 대응하는, 안테나 방사 패턴 생성 방법. - 제42항에 있어서,
상기 제1 안테나 방사 패턴을 선택하는 단계는 하나 이상의 널(null) 방향을 선택하는 단계를 포함하는, 안테나 방사 패턴 생성 방법. - 제42항에 있어서,
상기 제1 안테나 방사 패턴을 선택하는 단계는 안테나 빔 너비를 선택하는 단계를 포함하는, 안테나 방사 패턴 생성 방법. - 제42항에 있어서,
상기 제1 안테나 방사 패턴을 선택하는 단계는 다수의 빔의 배열을 선택하는 단계를 포함하는, 안테나 방사 패턴 생성 방법. - 제42항에 있어서,
상기 제1 안테나 방사 패턴을 선택하는 단계는 전체 위상을 선택하는 단계를 포함하는, 안테나 방사 패턴 생성 방법. - 제42항에 있어서,
상기 제1 안테나 방사 패턴을 선택하는 단계는 편파 상태(polarization state)를 선택하는 단계를 포함하는, 안테나 방사 패턴 생성 방법. - 제58항에 있어서,
상기 선택된 편파 상태는 원형 편파 상태인, 안테나 방사 패턴 생성 방법. - 제58항에 있어서,
상기 선택된 편파 상태는 선형 편파 상태인, 안테나 방사 패턴 생성 방법. - 삭제
- 제42항에 있어서,
상기 표면 산란 안테나에 대한 상기 하나 이상의 제어 입력의 상기 제2 값을 제공하는 단계
를 더 포함하는, 안테나 방사 패턴 생성 방법. - 제42항에 있어서,
상기 제1 안테나 방사 패턴을 선택하는 단계는 제1 안테나 빔 방향을 선택하는 단계를 포함하고, 상기 제2 안테나 방사 패턴을 선택하는 단계는 상기 제1 안테나 빔 방향과는 상이한 제2 안테나 빔 방향을 선택하는 단계를 포함하는, 안테나 방사 패턴 생성 방법. - 제63항에 있어서,
상기 선택된 제1 안테나 방사 패턴은 상기 제1 안테나 빔 방향에 대응하는 제1 편파 상태를 제공하고, 상기 선택된 제2 안테나 방사 패턴은 상기 제2 안테나 빔 방향에 대응하는 제2 편파 상태를 제공하고, 상기 제1 편파 상태는 상기 제2 편파 상태와 동일한, 안테나 방사 패턴 생성 방법. - 제64항에 있어서,
상기 제1 및 제2 편파 상태는 원형 편파 상태인, 안테나 방사 패턴 생성 방법. - 제64항에 있어서,
상기 제1 및 제2 편파 상태는 선형 편파 상태인, 안테나 방사 패턴 생성 방법. - 제63항에 있어서,
상기 제1 및 제2 안테나 빔 방향은 제1 및 제2 통신 위성의 방향에 대응하는, 안테나 방사 패턴 생성 방법. - 제63항에 있어서,
상기 제1 및 제2 안테나 빔 방향은 통신 위성, 전기 통신 기지국, 또는 전기 통신 모바일 플랫폼을 포함하는 복수의 객체로부터 선택되는 제1 및 제2 객체의 방향에 대응하는, 안테나 방사 패턴 생성 방법. - 삭제
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- 삭제
- 하나 이상의 제어 입력에 응답하여 조정 가능한 표면 산란 안테나;
상기 하나 이상의 제어 입력을 제공하도록 구성되는 안테나 제어 회로; 및
상기 표면 산란 안테나의 피드 구조에 결합되는 통신 회로를 포함하되,
상기 표면 산란 안테나는
피드 구조를 통해 전자기 신호를 수신할때 가이드되는 파동을 발사하기 위한 적어도 하나의 피드 연결기;
상기 가이드되는 파동을 전파하기 위해 배치된 도파관 및
상기 안테나의 동작 주파수에 대응하는 자유 공간 파장보다 적은 소자간 간격을 가지고 상기 도파관을 따라서 분포되는 복수의 산란 소자를 포함하고,
상기 복수의 산란 소자는
하나 이상의 외부 입력에 대응하여 조정가능한 전자기적 속성들,
상기 도파관 내에서의 가이드되는 파동모드에 응답하는 복수의 조정 가능한 개별적인 전자기 응답을 가지고,
상기 조정가능한 전자기적 속성들 및 상기 복수의 개별적인 전자기 응답들은 상기 가이드되는 파동이 상기 복수의 산란 소자들에서 산란될때 상기 안테나의 조정가능한 방사 필드를 제공하는 것이고,
상기 안테나 제어 회로는 제1 안테나 방사 패턴 및 상기 제1 안테나 방사 패턴과 상이한 제2 안테나 방사 패턴을 선택하고, 상기 선택된 제1 안테나 방사 패턴에 대응하는 상기 하나 이상의 제어 입력의 제1 값을 결정하고, 상기 선택된 제2 안테나 방사 패턴에 대응하는 상기 하나 이상의 제어 입력의 제2 값을 결정하도록 구성된 것인, 시스템. - 제88항에 있어서,
상기 표면 산란 안테나는 상기 하나 이상의 제어 입력의 함수인 각각의 조정 가능한 물리적 매개변수를 가지는 복수의 산란 소자를 가지는, 시스템. - 제89항에 있어서,
상기 하나 이상의 제어 입력은 상기 복수의 산란 소자에 대한 복수의 각각의 바이어스 전압을 포함하는, 시스템. - 제89항에 있어서,
상기 복수의 산란 소자는 행과 열에 의해 주소 지정 가능하고, 상기 하나 이상의 제어 입력은 행 입력의 세트 및 열 입력의 세트를 포함하는, 시스템. - 제89항에 있어서,
상기 피드 구조는 각각의 복수의 증폭기를 가지는 복수의 피드를 포함하고, 상기 하나 이상의 제어 입력은 상기 각각의 복수의 증폭기의 조정 가능한 이득을 포함하는, 시스템. - 제88항에 있어서,
상기 안테나 제어 회로는 안테나 방사 패턴 매개변수의 세트를 상기 하나 이상의 제어 입력에 대한 대응하는 값의 세트에 매핑하는 검색 표(lookup table)를 포함하는 저장 매체를 포함하는, 시스템. - 제93항에 있어서,
상기 안테나 방사 패턴 매개변수의 세트는 안테나 빔 방향의 세트를 포함하는, 시스템. - 제93항에 있어서,
상기 안테나 방사 패턴 매개변수의 세트는 안테나 널 방향의 세트를 포함하는, 시스템. - 제93항에 있어서,
상기 안테나 방사 패턴 매개변수의 세트는 안테나 빔 너비의 세트를 포함하는, 시스템. - 제93항에 있어서,
상기 안테나 방사 패턴 매개변수의 세트는 편파 상태의 세트를 포함하는, 시스템. - 제88항에 있어서,
상기 안테나 제어 회로는 요구되는 안테나 방사 패턴 매개변수에 대응하는 상기 하나 이상의 제어 입력에 대한 값의 세트를 계산하도록 구성되는 프로세서 회로를 포함하는, 시스템. - 제98항에 있어서,
상기 프로세서 회로는 상기 요구되는 안테나 방사 패턴 매개변수에 대한 홀로그래피 패턴을 계산함으로써 상기 하나 이상의 제어 입력에 대한 상기 값의 세트를 계산하도록 구성되는, 시스템. - 제88항에 있어서,
상기 표면 산란 안테나의 환경 조건을 검출하도록 구성되는 센서 유닛을 더 포함하는 시스템. - 제100항에 있어서,
상기 센서 유닛은 GPS 센서, 온도계, 자이로스코프, 및 스트레인 게이지로부터 선택되는 하나 이상의 센서를 포함하는, 시스템. - 제100항에 있어서,
상기 환경 조건은 상기 표면 산란 안테나의 위치, 배향, 온도, 또는 기계적 변형을 포함하는, 시스템. - 제100항에 있어서,
상기 센서 유닛은 상기 안테나 제어 회로에게 환경 조건 데이터를 제공하도록 구성되고, 상기 안테나 제어 회로는 상기 표면 산란 안테나의 상기 환경 조건의 변화에 대해 보상하도록 상기 하나 이상의 제어 입력을 조정하도록 구성되는 회로를 포함하는, 시스템.
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