KR101009079B1 - 탄화수소를 옥시게네이트 또는 니트릴로 전환시키는 방법 - Google Patents
탄화수소를 옥시게네이트 또는 니트릴로 전환시키는 방법 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
도 1은, 유체 탄화수소 반응물이 마이크로채널 반응기 속에서 옥시게네이트 또는 니트릴로 전환되는 특별한 형태의 본 발명의 방법을 설명하는 개략적인 공정도(schematic flow sheet)이다.
일 구체예에서 약 10 내지 약 500㎛, 및 일 구체예에서 약 25 내지 약 250㎛인 입자화된 고체(예: 펠렛, 분말, 섬유 등)의 형태일 수 있다. 촉매는 발포체, 펠트, 와드(wad) 또는 이의 조합과 같은 다공성 구조로 이루어질 수 있다. 용어 "발포체"는 본원에서 구조를 통해 공극을 규정하는 연속된 벽을 지닌 구조물을 언급하는데 사용된다. 용어 "펠트"는 본원에서 사이에 격자간 공간이 있는 섬유 구조를 언급하는데 사용된다. 용어 "와드"는 본원에서 강철 울(steel wool)과 같이 엉클어진 스트랜드의 구조를 언급하는데 사용된다 촉매는 벌집 구조, 또는 삽입가능한 핀의 구조를 지닐 수 있다. 인치당 핀의 수는 약 4 내지 약 90의 범위일 수 있다. 핀은 두게가 약 0.02 내지 약 2.5mm일 수 있다.
Claims (85)
- (A) 탄화수소 반응물, 및 산소 또는 산소 공급원, 및 임의적으로 암모니아를 포함하는 반응물 조성물을 마이크로채널 반응기에서 촉매와 접촉시키면서 유동시켜서 탄화수소 반응물을 생성물로 전환시키는 단계로서, 마이크로채널 반응기는 다수의 공정 마이크로채널을 포함하며, 촉매는 공정 마이크로채널에 존재하며, 탄화수소 반응물은 공정 마이크로채널에서 발열 반응을 일으키는 단계;(B) 단계 (A)동안에 열을 공정 마이크로채널에서 열교환기로 이동시키는 단계; 및(C) (i) 단계 (A)에서 형성된 생성물을 켄칭시키거나; (ii) 산소 또는 산소 공급원을 탄화수소 반응물 및 임의적으로 암모니아에 공정 마이크로채널의 길이에 따라 상이한 지점에서 첨가하거나; (iii) 열교환기가 공정 마이크로채널과 열접촉하는 하나 이상의 열교환채널을 포함하며, 열교환유체가 열교환채널에 존재하며, 열교환유체가 열교환채널에서 상 변화를 일으키는 단계를 포함하는, 탄화수소 반응물을 옥시게네이트(oxygenate) 또는 니트릴(nitrile)을 포함한 생성물로 전환시키는 방법.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 마이크로채널 반응기가 유체를 공정 마이크로채널로 도입시키기 위한 유동 통로를 제공하는 헤더(header), 및 유체를 공정 마이크로채널로부터 배출시키기 위한 유동 통로를 제공하는 풋터(footer)를 추가로 포함하는 방법.
- 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 각각의 공정 마이크로채널이 도입구(entrance), 배출구 및 도입구와 배출구 사이를 연장시키는 신장된 섹션(elongated section)을 지니며, 공정 마이크로채널이 신장된 섹션에 추가 도입구를 추가로 포함하며, 산소 또는 산소 공급원이 추가 도입구를 통해 공정 마이크로채널로 도입되는 방법.
- 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 공정 마이크로채널이 강철(steel); 모넬(monel); 인코넬(inconel); 알루미늄; 티탄; 니켈; 구리; 황동; 강철, 모넬, 인코넬, 알루미늄, 티탄, 니켈, 구리, 황동 중 임의의 합금; 중합체; 세라믹; 유리; 중합체 및 섬유유리를 포함하는 복합체; 석영; 규소; 또는 2개 이상의 이들의 조합물을 포함하는 물질로 제조된 방법.
- 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 열교환기가 공정 마이크로채널과 열접촉하는 다수의 열교환채널을 포함하는 방법.
- 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 단계 (C) (i) 동안에 생성물을 500 밀리초 이하의 기간 내에 950℃ 이하로 냉각시키는 방법.
- 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 탄화수소 반응물이 알칸, 알켄, 폴리엔, 포화된 지방족 화합물, 불포화된 지방족 화합물, 알데히드, 알킬 치환된 방향족 화합물, 알킬렌 치환된 방향족 화합물, 또는 이들의 2개 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 방법.
- 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 탄화수소 반응물이 메탄; 에탄; 프로판; 부탄; 이소부탄; 펜탄; 헥산; 헵탄; 옥탄; 노난; 데칸; 에틸렌; 프로필렌; 1-부텐; 2-부텐; 이소부틸렌; 1-펜텐; 2-펜텐; 3-메틸-1-부텐; 2-메틸-2-부텐; 1-헥센; 2,3-디메틸-2-부텐; 1-헵텐; 1-옥탄; 1-노넨; 1-데센; 1,2-프로파디엔; 1,3-부타디엔; 2-메틸-1,3-부타디엔; 1,3-펜타디엔; 1,4-펜타디엔; 1,5-헥사디엔; 2,4-헥사디엔; 2,3-디메틸-1,3-부타디엔; 포름알데히드; 아세트알데히드; 프로피온알데히드; n-부티르알데히드; n-발레르알데히드; 카프로알데히드; 아크롤레인; 트랜스-2-시스-6-노나디에날; n-헵틸알데히드; 트랜스-2-헥세날; 헥사데코날; 벤즈알데히드; 페닐아세트알데히드; o-톨루알데히드; m-톨루알데히드; p-톨루알데히드; 살리실알데히드; p-히드록시벤즈알데히드; 톨루엔; o-크실렌; m-크실렌; p-크실렌; 헤미멜리텐(hemimellitene); 슈도쿠멘(pseudocumene); 메시틸렌(mesitylene); 프레니텐(prehnitene); 이소두렌(isodurene); 두렌(durene); 펜타메틸벤젠; 헥사메틸벤젠; 에틸벤젠; n-프로필벤젠; 쿠멘(cumene); n-부틸벤젠; 이소부틸벤젠; 2차-부틸벤젠; 3차-부틸벤젠; p-시멘(p-cymene); 스티렌; 또는 두개 이상의 이의 혼합물을 포함하는 방법.
- 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 반응물 조성물이 암모니아를 포함하는 방법.
- 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 산소 공급원이 공기; 질소 산화물; 일산화탄소; 이산화탄소; 과산화물; 또는 산소와 희석 가스 또는 불활성 가스의 혼합물을 포함하는 방법.
- 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 열교환기가 공정 마이크로채널과 열접촉하는 하나 이상의 열교환채널을 포함하며, 흡열 화학반응이 열교환채널에서 수행되는 방법.
- 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 열교환기가 공정 마이크로채널과 열접촉하는 하나 이상의 열교환채널을 포함하며, 열교환 유체가 열교환 채널에 존재하며, 열교환 유체가 공기, 스팀, 액체 물, 일산화탄소, 기체상 질소, 액체 질소, 용융 염, 오일, 기체상 탄화수소 또는 액체 탄화수소를 포함하는 방법.
- 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 공정 마이크로채널이 내부 표면을 가지며, 촉매가 공정 마이크로채널의 내부 표면 상에 코팅되는 방법.
- 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 촉매가 플로우-바이 구조(flow-by structure), 플로우-쓰로우 구조(flow-through structure), 입상 고체, 발포체, 펠트(felt), 와드(wad), 벌집모양(honeycomb), 삽입가능한 핀(fin), 인접한 갭을 갖는 플로우-바이 구조, 인접한 갭을 갖는 폼, 갭을 갖는 핀 구조, 삽입된 기판 상의 워시코트(washcoat), 또는 유동용의 상응하는 갭을 지닌 유동 방향과 평행한 거즈(gauze)의 형태인 방법.
- 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 촉매가 다공성 지지체, 계면 층, 및 촉매 물질; 또는 다공성 지지체, 완충제 층, 계면 층 및 촉매 물질을 포함하는 방법.
- 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 촉매가 Mo, W, V, Nb, Sb, Sn, Pt, Pd, Cs, Zr, Cr, Mg, Mn, Ni, Co, Ce, Au, Te 및 이들의 2개 이상의 혼합물로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 금속 중 하나 이상의 금속, 금속 산화물 또는 혼합 금속 산화물을 포함하는 방법.
- 제 16항에 있어서, 촉매가 알칼리 금속, 알칼리토 금속, 전이 금속, 희토류 금속, 란타나이드 또는 이들의 2개 이상의 혼합물의 금속, 산화물 또는 혼합 금속 산화물을 추가로 포함하는 방법.
- 제 16항에 있어서, 촉매가 P 또는 Bi를 추가로 포함하는 방법.
- 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 촉매가 금속 산화물, 실리카, 중간공극(mesoporus) 물질, 내화성 물질, 또는 2개 이상의 이들의 조합물을 포함하는 방법.
- 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 반응물 조성물 및/또는 생성물과 촉매의 접촉 시간이 0.1밀리초 내지 100초이거나; 공정 마이크로채널로 도입되는 반응물 조성물의 온도가 150℃ 내지 10000℃의 범위이거나; 공정 마이크로채널로 도입되는 반응물 조성물의 압력이 0.5 내지 100 기압(atmosphere)의 범위이거나; 공정 마이크로채널을 통과하는 반응물 조성물 및 생성물의 유동을 위한 공간 속도(space velocity)가 100hr-1 이상인 방법.
- 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 생성물이 모노올, 폴리올, 에폭시드, 알데히드, 에스테르, 니트릴, 카르복실산, 카르복실산 무수물, 또는 이들의 2개 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 방법.
- 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 생성물이 메탄올, 에틸 알코올, 프로필 알코올, 부틸 알코올, 이소부틸 알코올, 펜틸 알코올, 시클로펜틸 알코올, 크로틸 알코올, 헥실 알코올, 시클로헥실 알코올, 알릴 알코올, 벤질 알코올, 에틸렌 옥사이드, 프로필렌 옥사이드, 부틸렌 옥사이드, 이소부틸렌 옥사이드, 시클로펜텐 옥사이드, 시클로헥센 옥사이드, 스티렌 옥사이드, 포름알데히드, 아세트알데히드, 프로피온알데히드, n-부틸알데히드, n-발레르알데히드, 카프로알데히드, 아크롤레인, 트랜스-2-시스-6-노나디에날, n-헵틸알데히드, 트랜스-2-헥세날, 헥사데코날, 벤즈알데히드, 페닐아세트알데히드, o-톨루알데히드, m-톨루알데히드, p-톨루알데히드, 살리실알데히드, p-하이드록시벤즈알데히드, 포름산, 아세트산, 프로피온산, 부티르산, 이소부티르산, 발레르산, 카프로산, 카프릴산, 카프르산, 아크릴산, 메타크릴산, 벤조산, 톨루산, 프탈산, 살리실산, 아세트산 무수물, 말레산 무수물, 프탈산 무수물, 벤조산 무수물, 메틸아세테이트, 비닐 아세테이트, 에틸 아세테이트, n-프로필 아세테이트, n-부틸 아세테이트, n-펜틸 아세테이트, 이소펜틸 아세테이트, 벤질 아세테이트, 페닐 아세테이트, 포르모니트릴, 아크릴로니트릴, 메타크릴로니트릴, 또는 이들의 2개 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 방법.
- 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 탄화수소 반응물이 메탄을 포함하며, 생성물이 메탄올, 포름알데히드, 포르모니트릴 또는 이들의 2개 이상의 혼합물을 포함하거나; 탄화수소 반응물이 에탄을 포함하고, 생성물이 에틸 알코올, 에틸렌 옥사이드, 아세트산, 비닐 아세테이트, 또는 이들의 2개 이상의 혼합물을 포함거나; 탄화수소 반응물이 에틸렌을 포함하고, 생성물이 에틸 알코올, 에틸렌 옥사이드, 아세트산, 비닐 아세테이트, 또는 이들의 2개 이상의 혼합물을 포함하거나; 탄화수소 반응물이 프로판을 포함하고, 생성물이 프로필렌 산화물, 아크릴산, 아크롤레인, 아크릴로니트릴, 또는 이들의 2개 이상의 혼합물을 포함하거나; 탄화수소 반응물이 프로필렌을 포함하고, 생성물이 프로필렌 산화물, 아크릴산, 아크롤레인, 아크릴로니트릴, 또는 이들의 2개 이상의 혼합물을 포함하거나; 탄화수소 반응물이 n-부탄을 포함하고, 생성물이 n-부탄올, 말레산 무수물, 또는 이의 혼합물을 포함하거나; 탄화수소 반응물이 n-부텐을 포함하고, 생성물이 n-부탄올, 말레산 무수물, 또는 이들의 2개 이상의 혼합물을 포함하거나; 탄화수소 반응물이 이소부탄을 포함하고, 생성물이 이소부탄올, 메타크릴산, 메타크릴로니트릴, 또는 이의 혼합물을 포함하거나; 탄화수소 반응물이 이소부틸렌을 포함하고, 생성물이 이소부탄올, 메타크릴산, 메타크릴로니트릴, 또는 이들의 2개 이상의 혼합물을 포함하거나; 탄화수소 반응물이 톨루엔을 포함하고, 생성물이 벤질 알코올, 벤조산, 벤즈알데히드, 또는 이들의 2개 이상의 혼합물을 포함하거나; 탄화수소 반응물이 크실렌을 포함하고, 생성물이 톨루산, 프탈산, 프탈산 무수물, 또는 이의 혼합물을 포함하거나; 탄화수소 반응물이 시클로펜텐을 포함하고, 생성물이 시클로펜텐 산화물을 포함하거나; 탄화수소 반응물이 시클로헥센을 포함하고, 생성물이 시클로헥센 산화물을 포함하거나; 탄화수소 반응물이 스티렌을 포함하고, 생성물이 스티렌 산화물을 포함하거나; 탄화수소 반응물이 아크롤레인을 포함하고, 생성물이 아크릴산을 포함하는 방법.
- 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 열 교환 유체가 열교환채널 및 열 교환 채널을 통해 유동하는 열교환 유체 및 열교환채널을 포함하고, 열교환채널을 통해 유동하는 열교환 유체에 대한 압력 강하가 10 기압 이하인 방법.
- 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 공정 마이크로채널 중의 탄화수소 반응물이 기체를 포함하며, 공정 마이크로채널 중의 산소 또는 산소 공급원이 기체를 포함하는 방법.
- 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 공정 마이크로채널 중의 탄화수소 반응물이 액체이며, 공정 마이크로채널 중의 산소 또는 산소 공급원이 기체를 포함하는 방법.
- 제 1항 또는 제 2항에 있어서, 반응물 조성물이 질소, 헬륨, 이산화탄소, 액체 물, 스팀, 또는 이들의 2개 이상의 혼합물을 추가로 포함하는 방법.
- 제 15항에 있어서, 계면 층이 니트라이드, 카바이드, 설파이드, 할라이드, 금속 산화물, 탄소, 또는 이들의 조합을 포함하는 방법.
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| KR101528334B1 (ko) * | 2013-06-11 | 2015-06-12 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 마이크로 채널 반응기 및 그 제조방법 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20040220434A1 (en) | 2004-11-04 |
| CA2523704C (en) | 2012-08-21 |
| IN2005DE04956A (ko) | 2007-08-17 |
| CN101014561A (zh) | 2007-08-08 |
| KR20060026016A (ko) | 2006-03-22 |
| US9108904B2 (en) | 2015-08-18 |
| CN101014561B (zh) | 2012-04-04 |
| EP1626948A1 (en) | 2006-02-22 |
| WO2004099113A1 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
| MX256991B (es) | 2008-05-07 |
| US7294734B2 (en) | 2007-11-13 |
| JP2006525334A (ja) | 2006-11-09 |
| IN245429B (ko) | 2011-01-21 |
| BRPI0410039A (pt) | 2006-04-25 |
| MXPA05011732A (es) | 2006-07-06 |
| EP1626948B1 (en) | 2013-05-15 |
| BRPI0410039B1 (pt) | 2014-03-11 |
| US20080031788A1 (en) | 2008-02-07 |
| CA2523704A1 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
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