JP7762563B2 - タウタンパク質のモジュレーションのための方法および組成物 - Google Patents
タウタンパク質のモジュレーションのための方法および組成物Info
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Description
本出願は、2018年10月2日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/740,162号の利益を請求し、その開示はその全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本明細書に開示される方法の実施、ならびに組成物の調製および使用は、別途指摘しない限り、分子生物学、生化学、クロマチンの構造および分析、コンピュータ化学、細胞培養、組換えDNAおよび当業者の知識の範囲内にある関連分野における従来の技術を用いる。これらの技術は、文献中で完全に説明されている。例えば、Sambrook et al. MOLECULAR CLONING: A LABORATORY MANUAL, Second edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989およびThird edition, 2001;Ausubel et al., CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1987およびその定期的アップデート;the series METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY, Academic Press, San Diego;Wolffe, CHROMATIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION, Third edition, Academic Press, San Diego, 1998;METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY, Vol. 304, "Chromatin" (P.M. Wassarman and A. P. Wolffe, eds.), Academic Press, San Diego, 1999;ならびにMETHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, Vol. 119, "Chromatin Protocols" (P.B. Becker, ed.) Humana Press, Totowa, 1999を参照されたい。
用語「核酸」、「ポリヌクレオチド」および「オリゴヌクレオチド」は、互換的に使用され、線状または環状コンフォメーションの、一本鎖または二本鎖形態にあるデオキシリボヌクレオチドまたはリボヌクレオチドポリマーを指す。本開示の目的のために、これらの用語は、ポリマーの長さに関する限定と解釈されるべきではない。この用語は、天然ヌクレオチドの公知のアナログ、ならびに塩基、糖および/またはリン酸部分(例えば、ホスホロチオエート骨格)において修飾されたヌクレオチドを包含してもよい。一般に、特定のヌクレオチドのアナログは、同じ塩基対形成特異性を有する;すなわち、Aのアナログは、Tと塩基対を形成するであろう。
タウタンパク質は、16個のエクソンを含むMAPT遺伝子によってコードされる。興味深いことに、エクソン1、4、5、7、9、11および12は構成的に発現されるのに対して、エクソン2、3および10は、成体脳における6つの異なるタウタンパク質アイソフォームの存在をもたらす、代替的にスプライシングされる変異体に由来するタウタンパク質種中に存在し得る。タウは、タンパク質のC末端半分中に3または4回反復チューブリン結合モチーフを介して微小管に結合し、タウ4R(4個のチューブリン結合モチーフ)がタウ3Rよりも強く微小管と相互作用すると考えられる小管を安定化すると考えられる。3Rの4Rに対する比は、一般的には安定であるが、病的状態の影響を受け得る。微小管と相互作用するタウ形態はリン酸化され、高リン酸化はタウの微小管からの剥離を引き起こすと考えられる。高リン酸化タウは、細胞中で隔離された後、タンパク質中のコンフォメーション変化および凝集をもたらし得る。これらの凝集体は、病原性神経原線維変化(NFT)の形成における初期段階であり得るが、高リン酸化タウは、神経原線維変化中に存在する場合に加え、可溶性形態でも病原性であり得る(Bodea et al. (2016) J of Neurochem 138(Suppl 1):71-94)。NFTは、ADの初期段階においては内嗅皮質および内側側頭葉に限定され、疾患の重篤な臨床症状が現れる時までに、NFTは脳中に広がる。豊富なNFTの存在と一致して、アミロイド斑の幅広い分布も起こる。事実、皮質におけるアミロイド沈着はタウ伝播速度の増大および脳の遠位領域へのNFTの拡散をもたらすと考えられる。タウのもつれが拡散するにつれて、ニューロンの喪失の同時的増加がある(Pooler et al. (2015) Acta Neuropathol Commun 3:14, doi:10.1186/s40478-015-0199-x)。
本明細書に記載の方法は、タウ(MAPT)遺伝子中の標的配列に特異的に結合するDNA結合ドメインを含む組成物、例えば、タウモジュレーティング転写因子を利用する。任意のポリヌクレオチドまたはポリペプチドDNA結合ドメイン、例えば、DNA結合タンパク質(例えば、ZFPもしくはTALE)またはDNA結合ポリヌクレオチド(例えば、単一ガイドRNA)を、本明細書に開示される組成物および方法において使用することができる。かくして、タウ遺伝子の遺伝子モジュレーター(リプレッサー)が記載される。
種 PAM
S.pyogenes NGG
S.pyogenes NAG
S.mutans NGG
S.thermophilius NGGNG
S.thermophilius NNAAAW
S.thermophilius NNAGAA
S.thermophilius NNNGATT
C.jejuni NNNNACA
N.meningitides NNNGATT
P.multocida GNNNCNNA
F.novicida NG
タウDNA結合ドメインを、本明細書に記載の方法における使用のために、任意のさらなる分子(例えば、ポリペプチド)に融合するか、またはそうでなければそれと結合してもよい。ある特定の実施形態では、方法は、少なくとも1つのDNA結合分子(例えば、ZFP、TALEまたは単一ガイドRNA)と、異種調節(機能)ドメイン(またはその機能的断片)とを含む融合分子を用いる。
タンパク質および/またはポリヌクレオチド(例えば、タウモジュレーター)ならびに本明細書に記載のタンパク質および/またはポリヌクレオチドを含む組成物を、例えば、mRNAによるタンパク質の注入および/または発現コンストラクト(例えば、プラスミド、レンチウイルスベクター、AAVベクター、Adベクターなど)の使用などの、任意の好適な手段によって、標的細胞に送達することができる。好ましい実施形態では、リプレッサーは、限定されるものではないが、AAV9(米国特許第7,198,951号を参照されたい)、米国特許第9,585,971号に記載のAAVベクターなどの、AAVベクターを使用して送達される。
CNS障害の試験を、非ヒト霊長類(例えば、パーキンソン病(Johnston and Fox (2015) Curr Top Behav Neurosci 22: 221-35);筋萎縮性側索硬化症(Jackson et al. (2015) J. Med Primatol: 44(2):66-75)、ハンチントン病(Yang et al. (2008) Nature 453(7197):921-4);アルツハイマー病(Park et al. (2015) Int J Mol Sci 16(2):2386-402);発作(Hsiao et al. (2016) E Bio Med 9:257-77))、イヌ科(例えば、MPS VII(Gurda et al. (2016) Mol Ther 24(2):206-216);アルツハイマー病(Schutt et al. (2016) J Alzheimers Dis 52(2):433-49);発作(Varatharajah et al. (2017) Int J Neural Syst 27(1):1650046))およびマウス(例えば、発作(Kadiyala et al. (2015) Epilepsy Res 109:183-96);アルツハイマー病(Li et al. (2015) J Alzheimers Dis Parkin 5(3) doi 10:4172/2161-0460))などの動物モデル系において実行することができる(概説:Webster et al. (2014) Front Genet 5 art 88, doi:10.3389f/gene.2014.00088)。これらのモデルは疾患の特定の症状セットを精査するのに有用であり得るため、CNS疾患を完全に再現する動物モデルが存在しない場合であっても、これらのモデルを使用することができる。このモデルは、本明細書に記載の治療方法および組成物(遺伝子リプレッサー)の効能および安全性プロファイルを決定するのに役立ち得る。
本明細書に記載のMAPT結合分子(例えば、ZFP、TALE、CRISPR/Cas系、Ttagoなど)を含む本明細書に記載のタウモジュレーター(例えば、タウリプレッサー)、およびそれらをコードする核酸を、様々な適用のために使用することができる。これらの適用としては、MAPT結合分子(DNA結合タンパク質をコードする核酸を含む)が、ウイルス(例えば、AAV)または非ウイルスベクターを使用して対象に投与され、対象内の標的遺伝子の発現をモジュレートするために使用される治療方法が挙げられる。モジュレーションは、抑制、例えば、AD疾患状態に寄与しているタウ発現の抑制の形態にあってもよい。あるいは、モジュレーションは、内因性細胞遺伝子の発現の活性化または発現の増加が疾患状態を改善することができる場合、活性化の形態にあってもよい。さらなる実施形態では、モジュレーションは、例えば、MAPT遺伝子の不活化のための、切断による(例えば、1つまたは複数のヌクレアーゼによる)抑制であってもよい。上記の通り、そのような適用のために、MAPT結合分子、またはより典型的には、それらをコードする核酸を、薬学的に許容される担体と共に、医薬組成物として製剤化する。
インビボでのMAPTの抑制
米国特許出願公開第2018/0153921号に記載されたMAPT(タウ)標的部位に特異的な亜鉛フィンガータンパク質を、以下のように使用した。
ヒト化タウマウスモデルにおけるタウ抑制
また、タウオパチーのP301L突然変異ヒトタウ(P301L)トランスジェニックマウスモデル(rTg4510、Jackson Labs)およびhTauマウスモデル(B6.Cg-Mapttml(EGFP)KltTg(MAPT)8cPdav/J、Jackson Labs)におけるタウ減少を、本明細書に記載の遺伝子リプレッサーの投与後に評価した。hTauマウスは、WTヒトMAPT遺伝子を発現し、さらに、内因性(マウス)Mapt遺伝子がノックアウトされ、GFP発現コンストラクトで置き換えられている。処置群は、以下の表に示される通りであった。
神経炎症応答
MAPTリプレッサーZFP-TFでインビボで処置された霊長類を、ミクログリアおよびアストロサイトマーカーの発現レベルについても評価した。特に、実施例1に記載のようなパンチを、IBA1およびGFAP発現に関してRT-qPCR試薬を使用して評価した。さらに、E1F4Aハウスキーピング遺伝子のレベルも、処置された霊長類において評価した。簡単に述べると、脳パンチを、0.6mLのTRI試薬(Thermo Fisher)および2個の3.2mmスチールビーズ(BioSpec Products)を含有する1.5mLのEppendorfチューブに氷上で移した。
タウタンパク質レベル
また、タウタンパク質レベルを、本明細書に記載のリプレッサーを受ける細胞および対象において試験した。
Claims (16)
- MAPT発現を抑制する第1および第2の人工亜鉛フィンガータンパク質転写因子(ZFP-TF)を含む組成物であって、
第1の人工ZFP-TFが、tgGTGCTGGAGCTGGTGGGTggcggaga(配列番号1)の大文字のヌクレオチドに結合し、および
第2の人工ZFP-TFが、cgGCAGAAGGTGGGcGGTGGCggcggcg(配列番号2)の大文字のヌクレオチドに結合し、
配列番号1および配列番号2に結合する第1および第2の人工ZFP-TFの結合が、MAPT遺伝子発現の相乗的な抑制をもたらし、
(A)第2の人工ZFP-TFが、(i)それぞれ配列番号8から13を含み(ii)F1およびF5は位置(-5)にアルギニンからグルタミンへの置換を含む6個の亜鉛フィンガー領域F1からF6を含むDNA結合ドメインを含む、および
(B)第1の人工ZFP-TFが、それぞれ配列番号3、4、5、6、5、および7を含む6個の亜鉛フィンガー領域F1からF6を含むDNA結合ドメインを含む、組成物。 - MAPT発現を抑制する第1および第2の人工亜鉛フィンガータンパク質転写因子(ZFP-TF)を含む組成物であって、
第1の人工ZFP-TFが、tgGTGCTGGAGCTGGTGGGTggcggaga(配列番号1)の大文字のヌクレオチドに結合し、および
第2の人工ZFP-TFが、cgGCAGAAGGTGGGcGGTGGCggcggcg(配列番号2)の大文字のヌクレオチドに結合し、
配列番号1および配列番号2に結合する第1および第2の人工ZFP-TFの結合が、MAPT遺伝子発現の相乗的な抑制をもたらし、
(A)第2の人工ZFP-TFが、それぞれ配列番号8から13を含む6個の亜鉛フィンガー領域F1からF6を含むDNA結合ドメインを含む、および
(B)第1の人工ZFP-TFが、それぞれ配列番号3、4、5、6、5、および7を含む6個の亜鉛フィンガー領域F1からF6を含むDNA結合ドメインを含む、組成物。 - 請求項1または2に記載の第1および第2の人工ZFP-TFをコードするポリヌクレオチドを含む1つまたは複数のウイルスベクターを含む組成物。
- 1つまたは複数のウイルスベクターが、AAVベクターである、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- 1つのAAVベクターが、第1および第2の人工ZFP-TFをコードするポリヌクレオチドを含む、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- AAVベクターが、AAV9ベクターである、請求項5に記載の組成物。
- 1つまたは複数のウイルスまたはAAVベクターが、CMVまたはシナプシン(SYN)プロモーターを含む、請求項3から6のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- それを必要とする対象におけるタウオパチーの防止および/または処置のための、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- アルツハイマー病(AD)、前頭側頭型認知症、進行性核上麻痺、外傷性脳傷害(TBI)、痙攣性疾患および/または大脳皮質基底核神経節変性症を予防および/または処置するための、請求項8に記載の組成物。
- 第1および第2の人工ZFP-TFをコードする配列を含むAAVベクターを含み、
対象に投与されると、人工ZFP-TFが対象のCNSに送達される、
請求項8または9に記載の組成物。 - AAVベクターが、AAV9ベクターである、請求項10に記載の組成物。
- AAVベクターが、静脈内に、またはCNSに投与される、請求項4~7および10~11のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- AAVベクターが、対象の脳の一方または両方の半球における線条体または海馬に投与される、請求項12に記載の組成物。
- 第1および第2の人工ZFP-TFの発現が、霊長類の対象の脳内のMAPT遺伝子発現および/またはタウレベルを、未処置の対象と比較して50%以上低下させる、請求項8から13のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 組成物の人工転写因子が、半球あたり1x1010~6x1011の間のrAAVベクターゲノムで、CMVまたはSYNプロモーターを含む1つまたは複数のAAVベクターによって運ばれる、請求項8から14のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を含む医薬組成物。
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| WO2018039471A2 (en) | 2016-08-25 | 2018-03-01 | Trustees Of Boston University | Synthetic transcriptional and epigenetic regulators based on engineered, orthogonal zinc finger proteins |
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| US20180153921A1 (en) | 2016-12-01 | 2018-06-07 | Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc. | Tau modulators and methods and compositions for delivery thereof |
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| CA3115156A1 (en) | 2020-04-09 |
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| WO2020072677A1 (en) | 2020-04-09 |
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