JP6003151B2 - Unauthorized power sale detection device and method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an unauthorized power sale detection apparatus and method for detecting unauthorized power sale by a consumer.

  In recent years, for the purpose of reducing global warming and the like, for the purpose of reducing CO2, establishment of a system for promoting the use of non-fossil energy sources and effective use of fossil energy raw materials has been issued. As such a non-fossil energy source, for example, solar cells using PV (Photovoltaic Power Generation) are promoted to promote the use of PV power generation to general consumers. In response to this, electric power companies receive, for a fee, electric power generated by private power generation equipment such as PV power generation equipment owned by general consumers. Currently, the price of power received from a power company by a power company (for example, 42 yen / kWh) is set to be higher than the power price purchased by the consumer from a power company (for example, 20 yen / kWh).

  The electric power company owns the system side wiring (commercial power supply) from the transmission line to the portion of the power meter that is the entrance to the customer. The customer owns a distribution board on the in-house wiring excluding the power meter portion, and electric equipment connected through the distribution board. The customer connects the PV power generation device to the distribution board when installing the PV power generation device, and sells the electric power generated by the PV power generation device to the power company. In this way, the power meter is divided into the customer-owned equipment and the power company-owned equipment.

  Moreover, the electric power sale to the electric power company from the consumer by PV power generation is performed in the following procedures. 1. Power is generated by PV power generation equipment. 2. Since the PV generated power is direct current (DC), it is converted into alternating current (AC) by a power conditioner (PCS). 3. When the generated power of PV is greater than the power consumed within the customer, surplus power is sold to an electric power company.

  Such technologies related to power sales include detecting the amount of power generated by solar cells and fuel cells, determining whether they are in power sales status, and selling fuel cells that generate power as much as possible without selling them. There is a system linkage system that reduces the loss of power (see, for example, Patent Document 1 below). In addition, for the sale of surplus power from private power generation equipment such as PV power generation and co-generators, the private power generation equipment is controlled to an economically advantageous operation mode based on power generation costs and power sales costs that fluctuate depending on time and seasons. There is an in-house power generation system (see, for example, Patent Document 2 below). In addition, there is a power supply system that includes a PV power generation device and a storage battery, and controls so as not to sell the power from the storage battery when selling surplus power (see, for example, Patent Document 3 below).

JP 2005-102432 A JP 10-42472 A JP 2002-10495 A

  However, conventionally, it has not been possible to detect that electric power companies and the like are electric power that is easily illegally sold from outside the consumer. As described above, there is a price difference in power sales between the case where the power supply source is the power company and the customer. For this reason, there is a possibility that the power is illegally sold by the consumer. As a fraudulent method, for example, it is conceivable to connect home wiring in a consumer and sell the electric power received from the electric power company to the electric power company as electric power by PV power generation as it is.

  On the other hand, even if an electric power company tries to detect fraudulent buying and selling, it cannot add a detection configuration by a sensor or the like to the electric power equipment installed in the customer's home. It cannot be determined whether or not the power is generated by PV. Each of the above-mentioned patent documents 1 to 3 is a system that controls the inside of a house from a power meter, and detects unauthorized power sale outside, that is, on the system side wiring of a commercial power source owned by the power company. I can't.

  In addition, it is conceivable to statistically process the solar radiation situation and the amount of power sold for the power received outside the consumer. For example, it is conceivable to detect fraud such as the sale of electric power that does not match the period of the night or weather in which PV power generation is not possible, or the sale of electric power that exceeds the power generation amount of PV power generation equipment. However, if it is attempted to detect fraudulent power sales only by such statistical processing, a large amount of data processing must be collected and analyzed for each of a large number of consumers, resulting in a large-scale system.

  In one aspect, an object of the present invention is to easily detect whether or not the electric power is generated by a consumer with an external system of the consumer.

  In one proposal, for a power conditioner that stops the sale of power generated by a private power generation device to the grid power when the grid power is abnormal, a stand-alone operation state due to a pseudo occurrence of the grid power abnormal condition is temporarily set. A pseudo single state generation unit to be generated, and a state of selling the power generated by the private power generator to the grid power when the single operation state of the power conditioner is simulated by the pseudo single state generation unit is detected. Controls the pseudo occurrence of the abnormal state of the grid power to the power sensor and the pseudo single state generation unit, and based on the detection state of the power sensor at the time of the pseudo occurrence, by unauthorized power other than the power generation of the private power generation device A fraudulent power sale detection device comprising a control unit that determines whether or not power sale to the grid power has been performed.

  According to one embodiment, whether or not the electric power is generated by the consumer can be easily detected by the external system of the consumer.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of power distribution including an unauthorized power sale detection device according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the entire process of detecting unauthorized power sale. FIG. 3 is a chart showing a list of individual operation detection methods for each PCS model. FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example in which the pseudo single state is performed based on frequency fluctuation. FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example in which the pseudo single state is performed based on the voltage phase jump. FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a hardware configuration example of a control unit provided in the unauthorized power sale detection device. FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the contents of processing for detecting unauthorized power sale. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of power connection for unauthorized power sale.

(Embodiment)
(Configuration of power distribution including unauthorized power sale detection device)
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the disclosed technology will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of power distribution including an unauthorized power sale detection device according to an embodiment. FIG. 1 shows an example of power distribution provided with a PV power generation device as a private power generation device.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the power system is divided into a system power 101 owned by the power company and a customer-owned home system 120. The electric power company owns the distribution line 102 of the system power and the power meter 103 as the system power 101, and supplies the power to consumers.

  The consumer distributes the supplied power to the indoor electrical device 122 via the distribution board 121 on the in-home system 120. An alternating current (AC) power source having a predetermined frequency and a predetermined voltage (for example, 50 Hz, 100 V) is distributed between the system power and the indoor electrical device 122.

  For example, when a consumer installs the illustrated PV power generation device 131 as a private power generation device, the PV power generation device 131 is connected to the distribution board 121 via a PCS (Power Conditioning Subsystem) 132. The PCS 132 has a function of converting direct current (DC) power generated by a PV (other fuel cell, gas engine, etc.) into AC AC system power 101.

  The power received from the system power 101 and the power generated by the PV power generation device 131 are distributed to the indoor electrical device 122 via the distribution board 121. In addition, the amount of power supplied from the grid power 101 changes according to the amount of power generated by the PV power generation device 131 and the amount of power consumed by the indoor electrical device 122.

  At the time of power sale, the power consumed by the indoor electrical device 122 is all covered by the power generated by the PV power generation device 131. The remainder (surplus power) obtained by subtracting the power consumed by the consumer from the amount of power generated by the PV power generation device 131 is output to the system power 101 via the distribution board 121. The consumer sells this surplus power to the power company. At the time of this power sale, the direction of power transmission is directed from the customer to the grid power 101, and the consumer is not supplied with power from the grid power 101 at the time of power sale.

(Configuration of unauthorized power sale detection device)
As shown in FIG. 1, the unauthorized power sale detection device 110 is provided inside an electric power meter 103 owned by an electric power company. The unauthorized power sale detection device 110 includes a power sensor 111 arranged on the distribution line 102 of the system power 101, a pseudo single state generation unit 112, and a control unit 113. The quasi-single state generation unit 112 may be installed outside the electric power meter 103 (electric power company owned range).

  The power sensor 111 detects a change in the power sale power from the PCS 132 when a pseudo single state described later is set. As will be described later, there are three changes in the power sale power when the pseudo single state is entered: a change in the voltage of the power sale power, a change in the frequency of the power sale power, and an output stop of the power sale power. .

  The pseudo single state generation unit 112 generates a pseudo single state in a pseudo manner with a predetermined timing. The pseudo-single state indicates that the frequency or voltage phase of the system power 101 is temporarily changed. The quasi-single state generator 112 has a circuit configuration for temporarily changing the frequency or voltage phase of the system power 101.

  The control unit 113 causes the pseudo single state generation unit 112 to generate a pseudo single state when the customer is in the power sale state. At this time, based on the power fluctuation state detected by the power sensor 111, the unauthorized power sale is performed. A predetermined process for detecting whether or not is is performed. The control unit 113 has a communication interface for performing signal transmission by PLC (Power Line Communication) using the distribution line 102 of the system power 101 or wireless communication such as a wireless LAN. The control unit 113 inputs and outputs information to and from a server that manages power sales such as an electric power company through this communication interface.

  For example, the control unit 113 receives a start command for generating a pseudo-single state from an electric power company via a communication interface, or a power sale state of a consumer (that is, when the generated power is output to the system power 101 side). Sometimes, the pseudo single state generation unit 112 generates a pseudo single state. In addition, the control unit 113 can notify the power company of the determination result of the unauthorized power sale detection when the pseudo single state occurs through the communication interface.

(PCS isolated operation detection function)
The PCS 132 has output power control according to the amount of power generated by the solar cell, an isolated operation detection function linked to the system power 101, and the like. More specifically, the PCS 132 is: In-phase function, 2. 2. Harmonic characteristics by model Has an independent operation detection function.

1. In-phase function The in-phase function is a function that combines the voltage and power factor of the grid power 101 and the PV power generation device 131 that is output via the PCS 132 so as to be in phase.
2. Harmonic characteristics by model The harmonic characteristics by model are the harmonic components (for example, third, fifth, and seventh harmonics with respect to the fundamental frequency of 50 Hz) in the power of the PV power generation device 131 that is output via the PCS 132. Current characteristics). This high-frequency component varies depending on the PCS 132 model depending on the circuit and element configuration constituting the PCS 132. Thereby, the model of PCS132 installed in the consumer can be specified by detecting the harmonic characteristic of the electric power sold.

3. Function of islanding detection The islanding operation detection function stops the output of the PCS 132 and prevents the islanding operation of the PCS 132 when an abnormality is detected such as when power transmission of the system power 101 is stopped. This isolated operation means that the output of the distributed power source (PV generator 131) and the load in the distribution line 102 when the distribution line breaker is opened due to some accident (distribution line ground fault, emergency, etc.) If the sizes of the distributed power sources are substantially balanced, the distributed power source continues to operate and power is still supplied to the distribution line 102, which causes the following problems.

-In terms of safety, there will be a risk of electric shock for the electric shock workers due to increased damage, equipment damage, and public electric shock workers due to continued accidents.
-In terms of supply reliability, there will be a delay in power transmission to the healthy section due to reclosing and the inability to reverse power transmission from other lines.
・ In addition, there is a risk of power quality deterioration and load equipment damage due to voltage and frequency fluctuations in the isolated operation system.

  The function for detecting an isolated operation is roughly classified into an active detection method and a passive detection method. In the active detection method, for example, a predetermined signal is transmitted to the PCS 132 at a periodic cycle, and when the signal does not reach this cycle, it is determined that an abnormality has occurred in the system power 101, and the power generation from the PCS 132 is performed. Stop power output.

  In the embodiment, a passive detection method is used, a signal or the like is not transmitted to the PCS 132, and the power generation of the PV power generation device 131 from the PCS 132 is based on the frequency or voltage fluctuation of the power itself supplied from the system power 101. Stop power output. In this passive detection method, fluctuations in the frequency and voltage of the system power 101 can be detected in about 0.1 seconds.

  As described above, the function of detecting the single operation of the PCS 132 is such that the power generated by the PV power generation device 131 is not output to the system power 101 side when the system power 101 is abnormal in both the active and passive systems. To control.

(Unauthorized power detection using the function for detecting independent operation)
In this embodiment, it is detected whether or not unauthorized power sale is being performed by using the function for detecting an isolated operation of the PCS 132. When the pseudo single state is generated by the pseudo single state generation unit 112 of the unauthorized power sale detection device 110, the PCS 132 functions as a single operation detection.

  When the isolated operation detection function is activated by the PCS 132, the power state output from the PV power generation device 131 side fluctuates (for example, stops) when the illegal power sale is not performed. The power from the PV power generation device 131 side is detected by the power sensor 111 of the unauthorized power sale detection device 110. Therefore, the control unit 113 detects unauthorized power sale when the pseudo single state is generated by the pseudo single state generation unit 112 and the power state detected by the power sensor 111 does not fluctuate (stop). . That is, it can be determined that the power output at this time is not the power generated by the PV power generation device 131 output via the PCS 132. For example, it can be regarded as an unauthorized power source such as an external power source connected to the system power 101 side from the PCS 132.

  Then, the pseudo single state generation unit 112 temporarily changes the frequency or voltage phase of the system power 101 without stopping the power supply of the system power 101. For example, the time for generating the isolated operation state corresponding to the time for detecting the isolated operation state of 0.1 seconds, for example, 1 second or less is changed. As a result, unauthorized power sale can be detected while the supply of the grid power 101 to the consumer is continued.

  FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the entire process of detecting unauthorized power sale. First, the customer makes a power sale contract and reports the purchase of the PV power generation device 131 to the electric power company when purchasing the PV power generation device 131 including the PCS 132 (step S201). This notification content includes information on the PCS 132 model described above.

  Next, the electric power company registers the notified information of the model of the PCS 132 in the unauthorized power sale detection device 110 of the customer (step S202). The unauthorized power sale detection apparatus 110 can generate a pseudo single state suitable for each PCS 132 model based on the registered PCS 132 model information. As described above, the PCS 132 has different power harmonic characteristics for each model, and accordingly, the degree (accuracy) of islanding operation detection with respect to the fluctuation degree of the system power 101 is different. Therefore, the unauthorized power sale detection device 110 performs the pseudo single state generated by the pseudo single state generation unit 112, that is, the frequency or voltage phase of the system power 101 in accordance with the variation degree of the PCS 132. Thereby, a pseudo single state suitable for each model of the PCS 132 can be generated.

  Next, a false isolated state is generated by the unauthorized power sale detection device 110, and a passive isolated operation state of the PCS 132 is generated. The generation timing of the pseudo single state is performed when the customer is in the power selling state. Then, the unauthorized power sale detection device 110 detects the output state of the generated power of the PCS 132 to the grid power 101 at this time by the power sensor 111, and transmits the judgment result of unauthorized power sale to the power company that manages the sale of power. (Step S203).

  Then, the electric power company takes measures based on the result of the unauthorized power sale determination transmitted from the unauthorized power sale detection device 110 (step S204). It can be determined that the consumer has performed unauthorized power sale based on the unauthorized power sale determination result transmitted by the unauthorized power sale detection device 110. In addition, in order to increase the accuracy of unauthorized power sale, a large number of judgment results transmitted from the unauthorized power detection device 110 of the same consumer may be collected and statistically processed. If it can be determined that the consumer is illegally selling electricity, the customer is visited to conduct an on-site survey, or the power sale contract is stopped or cancelled.

  In the above-described processing related to unauthorized power sale detection, an electric power company performs information input and registration processing for an information device such as a server. This server sends an activation command in a pseudo single state to the unauthorized power sale detection device 110 via communication. The unauthorized power sale detection device 110 generates a pseudo single state in response to the start command and sends a determination result of unauthorized power sale detection to the server. The server registers the determination result and notifies that illegal power sale has occurred. In this way, it becomes possible to detect unauthorized power sale of a consumer at a remote power company (power sales management unit) using information equipment.

  The activation command in the pseudo-single state is not limited to being externally input to the unauthorized power sale detection device 110 through communication, but the activation command is periodically output to a timer or the like inside the unauthorized power sale detection device 110 in advance. It can also be set. Similarly, the determination result of unauthorized power sale detection is not limited to being output every time a pseudo single state is generated. For example, determination results for a predetermined period, such as several days to one month, may be stored in a memory or the like inside the unauthorized power sale detection apparatus 110, and may be output collectively for each predetermined period.

  The unauthorized power sale detection device 110 has a configuration provided on the system side wiring owned by the electric power company, and can easily detect unauthorized power sale without changing the customer wiring and equipment. Further, since the unauthorized power sale detection device 110 is provided inside the existing power meter 103, the unauthorized power sale can be detected without making the consumer aware of the presence of the unauthorized power sale detection device 110. Alternatively, the pseudo single state generation unit 112 may be installed on the distribution line 102 of the system power 101 so that a single single state generation unit 112 generates a pseudo single state for a plurality of consumers.

  In addition, the pseudo single state generation unit 112 temporarily supplies the grid power 101 to the consumer in order to temporarily change the frequency or voltage phase of the grid power 101 without stopping the power feed of the grid power 101. It can be continued and will not interfere with the demand for electricity in the consumer. And the presence or absence of unauthorized power sale can be detected with the grid power 101 supplied to this consumer. As a result, it is possible to easily detect if there is a consumer of illegal power sale without making the consumer aware of detection of unauthorized power sale.

(Details related to unauthorized power detection)
Next, details of unauthorized power sale detection by the unauthorized power sale detection device 110 will be described. In the present embodiment, as described above, the PCS 132 detects islanding by a passive method.

  FIG. 3 is a chart showing a list of individual operation detection methods for each PCS model. As shown in FIG. 3, when the isolated operation detection in the PCS 132 is performed by a passive method, the voltage phase of the system power 101 is largely changed or the frequency is changed.

  In the detection based on the voltage phase fluctuation, for example, the moving average value of the cycle 1 to several cycles of the system power 101 is updated, and the past moving average value is compared with the current cycle of one to a plurality of cycles. To do. When the comparison result exceeds a predetermined threshold, the PCS 132 detects that it is in an isolated operation state (abnormality of the system power 101). The threshold value corresponds to each voltage phase difference shown in the figure, and the voltage phase difference differs from 3 degrees to 8 degrees depending on the type of PCS 132.

  In detection by frequency fluctuation, for example, the frequency moving average value for the past several cycles of the system power 101 is updated, and the past moving average value is compared with the current frequency moving average value for one to a plurality of cycles. To do. Then, when the difference between the past and the current moving average value continues for a predetermined cycle or more and the difference exceeds a threshold with respect to the reference frequency (for example, 50 Hz), the PCS 132 detects that it is in the single operation state. The threshold corresponds to each frequency change rate shown in the figure. For example, a variation of 0.3% is detected as the frequency change rate.

  As described above, the PCS 132 can detect an isolated operation in about 0.1 seconds when the voltage phase or frequency variation of the system power 101 occurs.

(Configuration example 1 of the pseudo single state generator)
Next, a configuration example of the pseudo single state generation unit 112 will be described. FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example in which the pseudo single state is performed based on frequency fluctuation. In this configuration example, the frequency variation unit 401 is provided in the pseudo single state generation unit 112. The frequency fluctuation unit 401 changes the frequency in a pseudo manner corresponding to the threshold value that can detect the isolated operation state in the PCS 132. In the illustrated example, the reference frequency of the power output from the PCS 132 is 50 Hz, and the frequency fluctuation unit 401 is configured to vary the frequency of 1 Hz, that is, 2%.

  The frequency variation unit 401 includes two frequency modulators 411 and 412, an oscillator 413, and a switch 414. The two frequency modulators 411 and 412 are arranged in a column on the distribution line 102 inside the power meter 103. These frequency modulators 411 and 412 can be configured using, for example, mixers 411a and 411b.

  The oscillator 413 oscillates and outputs the 1 Hz frequency to be varied. The oscillation signal of the oscillator 413 is output to the two mixers 411a and 411b. A switch 414 is provided between the oscillator 413 and the two mixers 411a and 411b. The switch 414 is temporarily turned ON (conductive) at the timing of occurrence of the pseudo single state under the control of the control unit 113.

  The frequency modulators 411 and 412 do not perform frequency mixing in the OFF state of the switch 414 and do not perform a frequency variation operation on the power flowing between the system power 101 and the PCS 132.

  On the other hand, when the switch 414 is turned on at the timing of occurrence of the pseudo single state, the frequency modulators 411 and 412 perform frequency mixing as follows. A mixer 411a provided in the frequency modulator 411 on the PCS 132 side adds (mixes) the oscillation signal 1 Hz of the oscillator 413 to the reference frequency 50 Hz output from the PCS 132, and outputs a frequency of 51 Hz. The mixer 411 b subtracts (mixes) the oscillation signal 1 Hz of the oscillator 413 from the changed frequency 51 Hz output from the mixer 411 a, and outputs the 50 Hz frequency returned to the reference frequency to the distribution line 102 of the system power 101.

  In the above configuration example, the frequency modulator 411 on the PV power generator 131 side fluctuates the power frequency higher than the reference frequency, and the frequency modulator 412 on the system power 101 side performs control to return the power frequency to the reference frequency. It was. Not limited to this, the frequency modulator 411 on the PV power generator 131 side fluctuates the power frequency below the reference frequency, and the frequency modulator 412 on the system power 101 side performs control to return the power frequency to the reference frequency. Also good.

  According to the above configuration, when the customer sells power from the PCS 132, the frequency fluctuation unit 401 temporarily changes the frequency, thereby generating a pseudo single state for the PCS 132. At this time, as viewed from the PCS 132, the mixer 411a provided on the PCS 132 side operates at the changed 51 Hz, and the PCS 132 detects the single operation state. On the other hand, the mixer 411b provided on the system power 101 side returns the power frequency to the reference frequency of 50 Hz. Thereby, it can output to the distribution line 102 of the system | strain power 101 as electric power which sells the electric power of normal reference frequency 50Hz.

(Configuration example 2 of the pseudo single state generator)
Next, another configuration example of the pseudo single state generation unit 112 will be described. FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example in which the pseudo single state is performed based on the voltage phase jump. In this configuration example, a voltage phase fluctuation unit 501 is provided in the pseudo single state generation unit 112. The voltage phase fluctuation unit 501 changes the voltage phase in a pseudo manner corresponding to the threshold value that can detect the single operation state in the PCS 132. In the example shown in the figure, the voltage phase of the power output from the PCS 132 is varied in the phase angle α (for example, 5 degrees) inside the voltage phase variation unit 501.

  The voltage phase fluctuation unit 501 includes two voltage phase variators 511 and 512. The two voltage phase variators 511 and 512 are arranged in a column on the distribution line 102 inside the power meter 103. The voltage phase variator 511 includes a resistor 511c having one end connected in parallel to the inductor 511a and the capacitor 511b, respectively, and a switch 511d having one end connected to the resistor 511c and the other end connected to the distribution line 102. . The inductor 511a, the capacitor 511b, and the resistor 511c generate the voltage phase of α (for example, 5 degrees).

  The switch 511d is temporarily turned on (conductive) at the timing of occurrence of the pseudo single state under the control of the control unit 113. The voltage phase variator 512 also has the same circuit configuration as that of the voltage phase variator 511, and is given the corresponding reference numerals (512a to 512d).

  The voltage phase changers 511 and 512 do not change the voltage phase when the switches 511d and 512d are in the OFF state, respectively, and do not perform the voltage phase change operation on the power flowing between the system power 101 and the PCS 132.

  On the other hand, when the switches 511d and 512d are both turned on at the timing of occurrence of the pseudo single state, the voltage phase variators 511 and 512 vary the voltage phase as follows. The voltage phase variator 511 on the PCS 132 side changes the voltage phase output from the PCS 132 by α = 5 degrees and outputs it. The voltage phase variator 512 on the system power 101 side changes the voltage phase changed by α output from the voltage phase variator 511 by −α, returns it to the original voltage phase, and supplies it to the distribution line 102 of the system power 101. Output.

  In the above configuration example, the voltage phase variator 511 on the PV power generator 131 side changes the voltage phase of the power to a plus from the reference, and the voltage phase variator 512 on the system power 101 side changes the voltage phase of the power to the reference voltage phase. It was set as the structure which performs control to return to. Not limited to this, the voltage phase variator 511 on the PV power generation device 131 side changes the voltage phase of power to minus from the reference, and the voltage phase variator 512 on the system power 101 side changes the voltage phase of power to the reference voltage phase. It is good also as a structure which performs control to return.

  According to the above configuration, the pseudo-single state can be generated for the PCS 132 by temporarily changing the voltage phase by the frequency changing unit 401 when the customer sells power from the PCS 132. At this time, as viewed from the PCS 132, the voltage phase variator 511 provided on the PCS 132 side operates at the phase angle of + α after the fluctuation, and the PCS 132 detects the single operation state. On the other hand, the voltage phase variator 512 provided on the system power 101 side returns the voltage phase of the power to the reference phase. Accordingly, normal phase power can be output to the distribution line 102 of the system power 101 as power to be sold.

(Hardware configuration example of the control unit)
FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a hardware configuration example of a control unit provided in the unauthorized power sale detection device. In FIG. 6, the control unit 113 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 601, a ROM (Read-Only Memory) 602, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 603, and an I / F (Interface) 604. Each component is connected by a bus 605.

  Here, the CPU 601 governs overall control of the unauthorized power sale detection device 110. The ROM 602 stores programs such as a boot program. The RAM 603 is used as a work area for the CPU 601.

  The I / F 604 is connected to the network 610 through a communication line, and is connected to other devices via the network 610. The I / F 604 controls an interface with the network 610 and controls input / output of data from other devices. As described above, the network 610 is, for example, a network such as the above-described PLC or wireless LAN. As another device, there is a server provided in a management unit that manages power sales in an electric power company.

  The control unit 113 operates based on the power of the distribution line 102 on the system power 101 side inside the power meter 103. In addition, the control unit 113 is configured to generate a pseudo single state every time an activation command for generating a pseudo single state is received from the electric power company via the I / F 604, but is not limited thereto. For example, the ROM 602 can store setting information for generating a pseudo single state occurrence a plurality of times based on a single start command for generating a pseudo single state. Further, the control unit 113 may autonomously generate the activation of the occurrence of the pseudo single state internally without the start command of the generation of the pseudo single state from the electric power company. In this case, it is preferable to generate a pseudo single state when selling power from the PCS 132 to the system power 101.

(Contents of unauthorized power detection processing)
FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the contents of processing for detecting unauthorized power sale. The contents of processing executed by the CPU 601 of the control unit 113 are mainly described. First, a server of an electric power company or the like outputs a detection work command (the above start command) to the unauthorized power sale detection device 110 (step S701). Accordingly, the control unit 113 of the unauthorized power sale detection device 110 starts executing the following unauthorized power sale detection process (step S702).

  First, the control unit 113 sets the processing parameters n and S to the initial value 0 (step S703). n is the number of times of detection processing, and S is the number of times that the PCS 132 has temporarily stopped the power for selling power when the pseudo single state occurs (referred to as the number of normal stops).

  Next, the control unit 113 selects one of the plurality of passive islanding state detection methods of the PCS 132 (step S704). As described above, the passive method includes frequency variation or voltage phase variation, and a method corresponding to the frequency variation unit 401 or the voltage phase variation unit 501 provided in the pseudo single state generation unit 112 is selected. .

  When the frequency variation method is selected (step S704: Case 1), the control unit 113 outputs a frequency variation activation instruction to the pseudo single state generation unit 112. Thereby, the frequency variation unit 401 provided in the pseudo single state generation unit 112 varies the frequency of the power as described above (step S705). When the frequency of the electric power by the pseudo single state generation unit 112 is changed, the PCS 132 functions as an isolated operation based on the frequency fluctuation, and the PCS 132 changes the voltage of the generated electric power (for example, stops the electric power sold) ( Step S706).

  Then, the power sensor 111 provided in the unauthorized power sale detection device 110 detects a fluctuation in power (step S707). Here, if the power is a normal power sale, the power is output by the PV power generation device 131 via the PCS 132, so that a temporary voltage fluctuation (output stop) by the PCS 132 is detected by the power sensor 111. become. At this time, if the voltage fluctuation by the power sensor 111 can be detected (step S707: Yes), the control unit 113 adds 1 to the number of normal stop times S. On the other hand, if the control unit 113 cannot detect the voltage fluctuation by the power sensor 111 (step S707: No), the normal stop count S is not added. In this case, the PCS 132 does not function as a stand-alone operation even if the frequency fluctuates, and the PCS 132 does not fluctuate the generated power voltage (does not stop the power sale power). To do.

  Thereafter, the control unit 113 determines whether or not the detection processing number n has reached a predetermined setting processing number Nmax (step S708). If the number of detection processes n has not reached the predetermined set number of processes Nmax (step S708: No), the detection process number n is incremented by 1 for the current one process, the process returns to step S705, and the processes after step S705 are performed. Try again.

  On the other hand, if the detection processing number n reaches the predetermined setting processing number Nmax (step S708: Yes), the process proceeds to step S709. By executing the detection processing number n a plurality of times as in the process shown in step S708, it is possible to improve the determination accuracy of unauthorized power sale.

  In step S704, when the control unit 113 selects a voltage phase variation method (step S704: Case 2), a voltage phase variation activation instruction is output to the pseudo single state generation unit 112. Thereby, the voltage phase fluctuation | variation unit 501 provided in the pseudo single state generation part 112 fluctuates the voltage phase of electric power as mentioned above (step S711). When the voltage phase of the electric power by the pseudo single state generator 112 is changed, the PCS 132 functions as an independent operation based on the voltage phase fluctuation, and the PCS 132 changes the voltage of the generated electric power (for example, stops the electric power sold). (Step S712).

  Then, the power sensor 111 provided in the unauthorized power sale detection device 110 detects a fluctuation in power (step S713). Here, if the power is a normal power sale, the power is output by the PV power generation device 131 via the PCS 132, so that a temporary voltage fluctuation (output stop) by the PCS 132 is detected by the power sensor 111. become. At this time, if the voltage fluctuation by the power sensor 111 can be detected (step S713: Yes), the control unit 113 adds 1 to the number of normal stop times S. On the other hand, if the control unit 113 cannot detect the voltage fluctuation by the power sensor 111 (step S713: No), the normal stop count S is not added. In this case, the PCS 132 does not function as a stand-alone operation even if the frequency fluctuates, and the PCS 132 does not fluctuate the generated power voltage (does not stop the power sale power). To do.

  Thereafter, the control unit 113 determines whether or not the detection processing number n has reached a predetermined setting processing number Nmax (step S714). If the detection processing number n does not reach the predetermined setting processing number Nmax (step S714: No), the detection processing number n is incremented by 1 for the current one time processing, and the processing returns to step S711 and the processing after step S711. Try again.

  On the other hand, if the detection processing number n reaches the predetermined setting processing number Nmax (step S714: Yes), the process proceeds to step S709. By executing the detection processing number n a plurality of times as in the process shown in step S714, it is possible to improve the determination accuracy of unauthorized power sale.

  Finally, in step S709, the control unit 113 compares the normal stop frequency S with a predetermined threshold value (set frequency Sref) (step S709). As a result of the comparison, if the number of normal stops S exceeds the threshold value Sref (step S709: Yes), the control unit 113 determines that the function of the pseudo isolated operation has worked normally, and ends the process. On the other hand, if the normal stop count S has not reached the threshold value Sref (step S709: No), the control unit 113 has not stopped the power output of the power sale by the pseudo isolated operation, and therefore there is a possibility of unauthorized power sale. If it is larger, this fact is transmitted by communication to the server of the electric power company (step S710), and the process is terminated.

In the PCS 132, when the frequency or voltage phase fluctuation of the system power 101 occurs continuously for a predetermined number of times (for example, 5 times or more within the predetermined period t ), the isolated operation detection protection mechanism operates and the PCS 132 generates power. (Output to system power 101) is stopped. In order not to malfunction protection mechanism PCS132, pseudo single state generator section 112, the number of temporary pseudo alone state varying (the frequency of the system power 101, or variations in voltage phase), the protection of the PCS132 in a predetermined period t It is set to be less than the number of times the mechanism operates (for example, less than 5 times) .

(Example of unauthorized power sale wiring)
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of power connection for unauthorized power sale. For example, as shown in the figure, the unauthorized power sale by the consumer described above is performed by connecting an AC power source 801 to the output side (system power 101 side) of the PCS 132. As this AC power source 801, it is conceivable to connect the power of the system power 101 and connect it to the output of the PCS 132. Further, it is conceivable to store the electric power generated by the PV power generation device 131 and connect a storage battery including a DC-AC conversion circuit such as an inverter to the output of the PCS 132.

  Thus, when the AC power source 801 for illegal power sale is connected to the output of the PCS 132, even if the function of the single operation detection function of the PCS 132 is activated, the AC connected to the output of the PCS 132 is generated. Since the power output from the power source 801 does not stop, unauthorized power sale by the power output from the AC power source 801 can be detected.

  In the embodiment described above, the pseudo single state generation unit 112 is configured to include either the frequency fluctuation unit 401 or the voltage phase fluctuation unit 501. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the pseudo single state generation unit 112 may be provided with both the frequency fluctuation unit 401 and the voltage phase fluctuation unit 501. In this case, the quasi-single state generation unit 112 can switch the frequency fluctuation unit 401 and the voltage phase fluctuation unit 501 and more accurately determine unauthorized power sale based on the respective detection results. For example, it is possible to detect the operation state of the PCS 132 for different fluctuation states by alternately executing frequency fluctuations and voltage phase fluctuations, or by switching and executing them with a predetermined period.

  In the above-described embodiment, the example in which the single operation of the PCS 132 is detected by the passive method has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the PCS 132 may be applied to a configuration in which the PCS 132 is detected by the active method. it can. In the active method, an activation signal for generating a pseudo-single state is periodically transmitted to the unauthorized power sale detection device 110 by communication from an electric power company or the like. The unauthorized power sale detection apparatus 110 can determine the presence or absence of unauthorized power sale by generating the above-described pseudo single state every time the activation signal is received.

  In the above embodiment, the PV power generation device 131 has been described as an example of the private power generation device installed in the consumer. However, the unauthorized power sale detection device 110 is not limited to the PV power generation device 131 and may be a fuel cell or a cogeneration device. It is also possible to detect illegal trading of power generated by other private power generation devices such as generators.

  The unauthorized power sale detection method described in this embodiment can be realized by executing a program prepared in advance on a computer such as a personal computer or a workstation. The power control support program is recorded on a computer-readable recording medium such as a hard disk, a flexible disk, a CD-ROM, an MO, and a DVD, and is executed by being read from the recording medium by the computer. Further, the unauthorized power sale detection program may be distributed via a network such as the Internet.

  The following additional notes are disclosed with respect to the above-described embodiments.

(Supplementary note 1) For a power conditioner that is installed between a private power generation device and system power, and stops selling the power generated by the private power generation device to the system power when the system power is abnormal, temporarily A quasi-single state generator that generates a single operation state due to a pseudo-generation of an abnormal state of the grid power;
A power sensor that detects a power sale state of the power generated by the private power generation device to the grid power when a single operation state of the power conditioner is simulated by the pseudo single state generation unit;
Controls the pseudo occurrence of the abnormal state of the grid power with respect to the pseudo single state generation unit, and based on the detection state of the power sensor at the time of the pseudo occurrence, to the grid power by unauthorized power other than the power generation of the private power generator A control unit for determining whether or not the power sale has been performed;
An apparatus for detecting unauthorized power sale, comprising:

(Supplementary note 2) The unauthorized power sale detection device according to supplementary note 1, wherein the pseudo single state generation unit, the power sensor, and the control unit are arranged in a possession region of the system power.

(Supplementary note 3) The unauthorized power sale according to supplementary note 2, wherein the pseudo single state generation unit, the power sensor, and the control unit are arranged inside a power meter in the possession area of the system power. Detection device.

(Additional remark 4) The said false single state generation | occurrence | production part was provided with the frequency fluctuation | variation unit which changes the frequency of the said system | strain electric power temporarily, The unauthorized power sale detection as described in any one of Additional remarks 1-3 characterized by the above-mentioned. apparatus.

(Supplementary Note 5) The frequency variation unit includes a frequency modulator provided on each of the private power generation device side and the grid power side on a power line, and the frequency modulator on the private power generation device side temporarily stores a frequency of power. The unauthorized power sale detection apparatus according to appendix 4, wherein the frequency modulator on the grid power side performs control to return the frequency of the power to the reference frequency.

(Additional remark 6) The said false single state generation | occurrence | production part was equipped with the voltage phase fluctuation | variation unit which changes the voltage phase of the said system electric power temporarily, The unauthorized sale as described in any one of Additional remark 1-3 characterized by the above-mentioned Electricity detection device.

(Supplementary note 7) The voltage phase fluctuation unit includes voltage phase variators provided on the private power generation equipment side and the grid power side on a power line, respectively, and the voltage phase fluctuation unit on the private power generation equipment side Appendix 6 characterized in that the voltage phase is temporarily changed positively with respect to the reference voltage phase, and the voltage phase variator on the grid power side performs control to return the voltage phase of the power to the reference voltage phase. The unauthorized power sale detection device described.

(Additional remark 8) The said control part performs control which simulates the abnormal state of the said system power temporarily several times with a predetermined period with respect to the said pseudo single state generation part. The unauthorized power sale detection device according to any one of 1 to 7.

(Additional remark 9) The said control part is equipped with communication I / F which receives a starting instruction | indication from the outside, Based on reception of the said starting instruction | command, with respect to the said pseudo | simulation single state generation part, the abnormal state of the said system power temporarily The apparatus for detecting unauthorized power sale according to any one of appendices 1 to 8, wherein control is performed to simulate the occurrence of power consumption.

(Additional remark 10) The said control part made the frequency | count of generation | occurrence | production of the temporary pseudo | simulation single state by the said pseudo | simulation single state generation | occurrence | production part less than the frequency | count of the conditions of the said power generation output stop which the said power conditioner has, It is characterized by the above-mentioned. The unauthorized power sale detection device according to any one of appendices 1 to 9.

(Additional remark 11) The said control part switches execution with respect to the said frequency fluctuation | variation unit and the said voltage phase fluctuation | variation unit, and performs execution control, The unauthorized power sale detection apparatus as described in any one of Additional remark 6-10 characterized by the above-mentioned .

(Additional remark 12) The said control part performs the control which carries out the pseudo-generation of the abnormal state of the said system power temporarily at the time of the electric power sale from the said private power generation apparatus to the said system power. The unauthorized power sale detection device according to any one of the above.

(Additional remark 13) The said private power generation apparatus is a photovoltaic power generation apparatus, The unauthorized power sale detection apparatus as described in any one of Additional remarks 1-12 characterized by the above-mentioned.

(Supplementary note 14) A pseudo-single state for a power conditioner that is installed between a private power generation device and grid power and stops selling the power generated by the private power generation device to the grid power when the grid power is abnormal A step of generating a single operation state by a pseudo generation of an abnormal state of the grid power temporarily by the generation unit;
Detecting by a power sensor a power sale state of the power generated by the private power generation device to the grid power when the single operation state of the power conditioner is simulated by the pseudo single state generation unit;
Controls the pseudo occurrence of the abnormal state of the grid power with respect to the pseudo single state generation unit, and based on the detection state of the power sensor at the time of the pseudo occurrence, to the grid power by unauthorized power other than the power generation of the private power generator A step of determining by the control unit whether or not the power is sold,
A method for detecting unauthorized power sale, comprising:

(Supplementary note 15) The supplementary note 14, including a step of notifying a server that manages power sale of a result of whether or not the control unit has sold power to the grid power due to unauthorized power. Illegal power sales detection method.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 101 System power 102 Distribution line 103 Electric power meter 110 Unauthorized sale detection apparatus 111 Power sensor 112 Pseudo-single state generation part 113 Control part 120 In-home system 121 Distribution board 122 Indoor electric equipment 131 PV power generation equipment 132 PCS
401 Frequency variation unit 501 Voltage phase variation unit 601 CPU
602 ROM
603 RAM
604 I / F
610 network

Claims (13)

For a power conditioner that stops selling the generated power of the private power generator to the system power when the system power is abnormal, a pseudo single state that temporarily generates a single operation state due to a pseudo occurrence of the abnormal state of the system power Generating part;
A power sensor for detecting a power selling state Previous SL system power when said pseudo alone state islanding state in the power conditioner Ri by the generator is temporarily stopped by a pseudo generate,
Controls the pseudo occurrence of the abnormal state of the grid power with respect to the pseudo single state generation unit, and based on the detection state of the power sensor at the time of the pseudo occurrence, to the grid power by unauthorized power other than the power generation of the private power generator A control unit for determining whether or not the power sale has been performed;
An apparatus for detecting unauthorized power sale, comprising:   The unauthorized power sale detection device according to claim 1, wherein the pseudo single state generation unit, the power sensor, and the control unit are arranged in a region where the system power is owned.   The unauthorized power sale detection device according to claim 2, wherein the pseudo single state generation unit, the power sensor, and the control unit are arranged inside a power meter in the possession area of the system power.   The unauthorized power sale detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pseudo single state generation unit includes a frequency variation unit that temporarily changes a frequency of the system power.   The frequency variation unit includes a frequency modulator provided on each of the private power generation device side and the grid power side on a power line, and the frequency modulator on the private power generation device side temporarily sets a power frequency as a reference frequency. 5. The unauthorized power sale detection apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the frequency modulator on the system power side performs control to return the power frequency to a reference frequency.   The unauthorized power sale detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pseudo single state generation unit includes a voltage phase fluctuation unit that temporarily changes a voltage phase of the system power. .   The voltage phase variation unit includes a voltage phase variator provided on each of the private power generation device side and the grid power side on a power line, and the voltage phase variator on the private power generation device side temporarily stores a voltage phase of power. 7. The fraud according to claim 6, wherein the voltage phase variator on the grid power side performs control to return the voltage phase of the power to the reference voltage phase. Electric power sale detection device.   The control unit performs control to temporarily generate an abnormal state of the grid power a plurality of times with a predetermined cycle for the pseudo single state generation unit. The unauthorized power sale detection device according to any one of the above.   The control unit includes a communication I / F that receives an activation command from the outside, and based on the reception of the activation command, causes the pseudo single state generation unit to temporarily generate an abnormal state of the grid power temporarily The unauthorized power sale detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein control is performed.   The said control part made the frequency | count of generation | occurrence | production of the temporary quasi-single state by the said quasi-single state generation part less than the frequency | count of the conditions of the output stop of the said power generation which the said power conditioner has. The unauthorized power sale detection device according to any one of 9.   The unauthorized power sale detection device according to claim 1, wherein the private power generation device is a solar power generation device. For a power conditioner that stops selling the generated power of the private power generator to the system power when the system power is abnormal, a single operation by temporarily generating the abnormal state of the system power is temporarily generated by the pseudo individual state generation unit. Generating a state; and
A step of detecting by a power sensor power sale state Previous SL system power when said pseudo alone state islanding state in the power conditioner Ri by the generator is temporarily stopped by a pseudo generate,
Controls the pseudo occurrence of the abnormal state of the grid power with respect to the pseudo single state generation unit, and based on the detection state of the power sensor at the time of the pseudo occurrence, to the grid power by unauthorized power other than the power generation of the private power generator A step of determining by the control unit whether or not the power is sold,
A method for detecting unauthorized power sale, comprising: 13. The unauthorized sale according to claim 12, further comprising a step of notifying a server that manages power sale of a result of whether or not the controller has sold power to the grid power by unauthorized power. Electricity detection method.

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