JP5383757B2 - 薬剤放出生分解性繊維インプラント - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、1999年8月6日に出願された仮出願番号60/147,827に基づく優先権を主張する。
(発明の分野)
本発明は、医薬及び組織加工、特に薬剤放出性の生分解性インプラントに関する。
本発明の不均一骨格を製造するために、治療薬は、ここに記載する方法によりマトリクスの個々の繊維にカプセル化される。治療薬は、個々の繊維から徐々に、制御された方法で放出される。繊維という形式は、微小球、多孔質の栓又はパッチといったこの分野で馴染み深いことが知られた他の徐放薬剤を越える薬剤送達基盤としての利点を有する。繊維の主な利点は、それらが複雑な織られた(図1)、又はパターンの無い織られない(図2)骨格を提供し、細胞が接着し、拡散し、分化し、成熟して適当な機能細胞となることを可能にすることである。それらはパターンを形成できるので、「気の利いた織物」を織って、放出される特定の化学向性因子により特定タイプの細胞の骨格の特定領域への泳動を誘発することができる。この骨格は、胚性発達の間及び胚後期組織の両方で細胞外マトリクスの機能を模倣する。さらに、単繊維は、それは天然様構造から想起されない組織修復又は再構築のための成長物質を提供する独特の骨格に成形することができる。
本発明での使用に適した高分子は、ポリ(L-乳酸)、ポリ(DL-乳酸)、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリ(グリコール酸)、ポリアンヒドリド、キトサン、又は硫酸化キトサンの単独重合体、共重合体又は重合体の混合物を含む。再生コラーゲン又は天然シルクなどの天然由来の高分子も使用してよい。当業者は、これらの高分子が、この発明で使用できる生分解性高分子マトリクスのクラスの単なる例であることを理解するであろう。さらなる生分解性マトリクスは、ポリアンヒドリド、ポリオルトエステル、及びポリ(アミノ酸)を含む(Peppas and Langer, 1994)。これらのマトリクスの任意のもの、この発明において使用するための制御された特性を持つ生分解性高分子マトリクスの製造に利用される。非毒性分解生成物を生じる更なる生分解性高分子を表1に列挙する。
本発明の高分子繊維でカプセル化される治療薬の一つのクラスは血管新生を促進する治療薬である。新たな組織の奏効する加工は血管ネットワークの確立を必要とする。血管新生の誘導は種々の因子によって媒介され、その任意のものが本発明と組み合わせて使用されうる(Folkman and Klagsbrun, 1987, 及びそこに列挙された引用文献、それら各々の全体を参考として取り入れる)。血管新生因子の例は、限定されないが、血管内皮細胞成長因子(VEGF)又は血管透過因子(VPF);酸性繊維芽成長因子(aFGF)及び塩基性繊維芽成長因子(bFGF)を含む繊維芽成長因子ファミリーのメンバー;インターロイキン-8(IL-8);上皮細胞成長因子(EGF);血小板誘導成長因子(PDGF)又は血小板誘導上皮細胞成長因子(PD-ECGF);トランスフォーミング成長因子アルファ及びベータ(TGF-α、TGF-β);腫瘍壊死因子アルファ(TNF-α);肝細胞成長因子(HGF);顆粒球−マクロファージコロニー刺激因子(GM-CSF);インシュリン成長因子-1(IGF-1);アンギオゲニン;アンギオトロピン(angiotropin);フィブリン及びニコチンアミドを含む(Folkman, 1986, 1995; Auerbach and Auerbach, 1994; Fidler and Ellis, 1994; Folkman and Klagsbrun, 1987; Nagy等, 1995)。
或る実施態様では、本発明の高分子繊維に組み込まれた特定のサイトカインの使用が考慮される。下記の表2は、本発明での使用が考えられるサイトカイン及び関連因子のリストの例であり、限定するものではない。
本発明の高分子繊維に導入されるポリヌクレオチドは、核酸分子の全ての種類まで拡張される。即ち核酸は、ゲノムDNA、cDNA、一本鎖DNA、二本鎖DNA、三本鎖DNA、オリゴヌクレオチド、Z-DNA、mRNA、tRNA及び他のRNAを含む。DNA分子は、DNAがリボザイム又はアンチセンスRNA等の治療的RNAを発現するために使用される場合であっても、一般に好ましい。
本発明の種々の態様で必要とされる全ての必須材料及び試薬は、ともにキットとして集合させることができる。また本発明のキットは、典型的には、商業的販売のために近接して入れられた所定の成分を含むバイアルを収容する手段、例えば、中に所定のバイアルが保持される射出又はブロー成形されたプラスチック容器等を含む。容器の数又はタイプに関わらず、本発明のキットは典型的にはキット成分の使用のための指示書をともに梱包する。
以下の実施例は、本発明の好ましい実施態様を示すために含まれている。当業者は、以下の実施例で開示される技術が本発明の実施において良く機能することを本発明者等が発見した技術を示し、その実施のための好ましい形態を構成するために考慮されうることを理解すべきである。しかしながら、当業者は、この開示に照らして、開示される特定の実施態様において多くの変更が可能であり、本発明の精神及び範囲から離れることなく同様又は類似の結果が得られることを理解すべきである。
治療薬を含む高分子繊維の製造
本発明の一実施態様では、薬剤放出繊維を製造するのに以下の方法が使用される。装置は図8に示す。第1に、生分解性高分子、例えばポリ(L-乳酸)(PLLA)、ポリ(DL-乳酸)、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリ(グリコール酸)、ポリアンヒドリド、又はこれら及び他の生分解性高分子の共重合体又は混合物を、幾つかの適当な溶媒(A)に高分子のタイプに応じて5〜30重量%の範囲の濃度、PLLAについては10重量%が好ましい、で溶解させる。この実施態様では、溶媒(A)は水との混和性が低く、凝固浴槽溶媒(B)とは非常に混和性である。溶媒(A)の好ましい選択は、キトサン及び塩化メチレンを含む。高分子が溶解したら、対象とする生物分子と界面活性剤の両方を含有する水性溶液を高分子溶液に添加する。水性エマルションの濃度は、典型的には1〜50%v/vの高分子溶液であり、PLLA繊維単繊維については4−10%が最も典型的である。界面活性剤は、ウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)、ポリ(ビニルアルコール)、プルロニクス、又はリン脂質ファミリ等の生物学的界面活性剤といった当業者に馴染み深い物質の一つ又は組み合わせとすることができる。ここで特に述べないが当業者に知られた他の界面活性剤は、拡張により包含される。典型的な使用では、BSAが界面活性剤として対象とする生物学的分子の約10倍から100倍高い範囲の濃度で使用され、典型的な濃度は水相の10重量%〜50重量%の範囲である。
種々の濃度の治療薬を含む高分子繊維の製造
他の製造の実施態様では、プロセスは、繊維の長さに沿って下降する濃度勾配を付加する以外は実施例1に記載したものと類似している。これは2つの溶液を有することにより達成される。一方は対象とする治療薬を含む高分子エマルションであり、他方は治療薬を含まないか、又は異なる生物分子を含む。勾配は、押出しプロセスの間に2つの溶液の比率を連続的に変化させることにより達成される。これは、図13に示す「Y」結合部におけるバタフライ弁及び図14に示すような混合チャンバー有又は無の独立ポンプの使用を含む多くの方法で達成される。このようにして、良好に制御された勾配が確立され、センチメートル長当たりの濃度変化が知られる。
本発明の他の実施態様は、「縞模様」繊維の製造である。縞模様繊維では幾つかの可能な配置があり;第1の実施態様では、両方の高分子溶液は異なる生物分子を含むエマルションである。これは勾配と同様の方法で達成され、勾配がエマルションAとエマルションBとを交互にスイッチングするステップ関数の連続である。
同軸被覆を持つ高分子繊維の製造
さらに他の製造の実施態様では、既に存在する繊維が紡糸口金を通し、かつ凝固浴槽を通して負荷される。液体の高分子エマルションが「T」又は「Y」結合部に添加され凝固浴槽に入る前に被覆される。よって、同軸被覆が繊維に施され、各被覆は図4に示すように異なる治療薬を含有する能力を有する。被覆高分子はコア高分子と同一でも相違していてもよい。被覆高分子の接着性を向上させるためにコア繊維に結合した分子を存在せしめてもよい。例えば、BSAの薄層は、キトサンのポリ(L-乳酸)への接着性を向上させる。複雑な紡糸口金により、各々が異なる生物分子を含有する二又はそれ以上の高分子エマルションを被覆することができる。これは、全ての被覆材料を、バッフルで各被覆高分子流を分離しながら紡糸口金に入れることにより達成される。これにより、繊維が異なる分子を繊維周囲の角度位置の関数として放出することを可能になる。或る実施態様では、紡糸口金は非環状としてもよく、それにより繊維を望ましい断面形状にすることができる。このことは、コア繊維にも被覆高分子にも言える。
環境応答性高分子ゲル繊維の製造
異なる製造の実施態様では、環境応答性の高分子ヒドロゲルが、乳化重合又は他の方法によりナノ球サイズで形成される。これらのナノ球は、次いで繊維に導入される。「環境応答性ゲル」とは、ゲルを取り囲む環境が比較的小さな変化を受けたとき、それらの物理的特徴に有意な変化を示す高分子ゲルを表すことを意図する。本発明で有用であることがわかった高分子ヒドロゲルは、ポリ(N-イソプロピルアクリルアミド)(NIPA)及びポリ(アクリル酸)(PAA)ゲルを含む。例えば、NIPAゲルは、小さな(2-3C)の温度変化に応答して100倍の劇的な容積変化を受ける能力を持つ。これらのナノ球は、それを生物分子の水溶液に浸漬することにより生物学的分子を負荷することができる。これらの負荷ナノ球は、次いで乾燥され、エマルションの形成有又は無で高分子溶液に添加される。他の全ての製造プロセスは同様である。このプロセスは、次いで温度感受性の繊維を生成する。NIPA相転移は、当業者により39-39Cで起こるように調節される。これは現在、患者の生理学的状態に応答する繊維を提供している。患者が発熱すると放出速度が劇的に上昇し、これは可逆的現象であるので、体温が平常に戻れば放出速度は再び低下する。
キトサンベースの繊維
他の製造の実施態様では、上述したエステルベースの合成高分子ではなく、キトサンなどの天然由来の多糖類を高分子系として使用する。当該分野で知られているように、キトサン繊維は、キトサンを3%酢酸に溶解し、凝固浴槽として5%水酸化ナトリウムを使用することにより製造される。本発明者等は、キトサンを溶解するために1%塩酸を使用できること、キトサン濃度を2.5重量%まで低下させることが可能であること、そして凝固浴槽が5〜15%の範囲の濃度のトリス塩基からなる場合に良好な繊維が得られることを見出した(図1)。これは、キトサン繊維がこのような条件下で押出しできることの最初の報告である。
神経組織の加工
本発明のこの態様では、図15に示すように、繊維の平行列がシリコーンゴム又は他の適当な材料の管に充填され、軸策成長のためのニュートロフィンが負荷される。これらの繊維の束は、切断した末梢又は中枢神経に配される。ニューロトロフィンは線形又は他の適当な勾配で負荷される。この器具は、神経残根の末端間の間隙を橋渡しするように埋め込まれる。繊維がニューロトロフィンを放出すると、軸策が近接末端から繊維束を横切って遠位神経末端へ泳動を開始する。遠位末端に到達すると、存在するシュワン細胞又はグリア細胞によって案内合図が与えられ、次いで再接続がなされる。非負荷繊維を用いて、軸策がこれらの束による接触案内を受容し、ラットの座骨神経において1.8cm移動可能であることが既に立証されている。管における非負荷繊維の最適密度は、ラット座骨神経成長については1.5mm径管中に約32繊維である。
高分子繊維ステントの調製及び使用
他の実施態様では、繊維に対象とする薬剤を負荷し、機械的強度が要求されるステント又は他の医療器具に使用できる。ステントは、機械的特性が必要な場合は、負荷繊維が非負荷繊維と混じり合うような方法で織ることができる。
創傷被覆材の調製及び使用
他の実施態様では、これらの繊維からガーゼ又は被覆材が製造される。この被覆材は2つの面を持ち、上面は再上皮形成のための分子を放出して、これらの細胞のための基質を供給する。下面は皮膚組織の再生を促進する。この被覆材は、火傷、全層皮膚損傷及び慢性又は治癒困難な創傷及び痛みを含む皮膚創傷の治癒のために設計される。各繊維は、皮膚創傷治癒の3つの相に対応する薬剤又は因子の一時的放出のために被覆することができる。
人工動脈の製造
ここに記載した技術を用いて人工動脈を構成することもできる。種々の生物学的薬剤を負荷した繊維で非織物技術を用いて、中空の円筒形の部材の連続体を、編む、織る、混合する、又は製造することができる。最も内側の円筒は、好ましくは織られており、未変性の上皮細胞層の泳動、拡散及び機能化を促進するための医薬又は薬剤を含んでいる。次の円筒は織られた又は編まれた構造物からなり、主に内側の円筒の周囲を囲むように織られている。この層は、平滑起因繊維の泳動及び増殖を誘発し、エラスチンの発現を促進して内部弾性媒体の生成を促進する。次の円筒は編まれた又は不織の繊維からなり、繊維芽細胞、マクロファージの内殖及び細胞外マトリクスの生成を促進する。最後の層は、長繊維からなり、動脈の脈管を介して動脈細胞の血管化を促進し、VEGF放出繊維、又は他の血管新生促進剤から製造される。
薬剤送達骨格
他の応用の実施態様では、これらの繊維は、その場での薬剤送達骨格のために使用され、繊維の形式は微小球のものであるのが好ましい。例えば、薬剤の血流への直接送達のためには、繊維は血管壁に良く接着し、血管内に全部が含まれることができる。微小球は、幾つかのレベルで捕捉され、潜在的に下流組織と和合するので、循環系を通って流動できない。しかしながら、繊維は薬剤を放出でき、繊維は不活性を保つ限りは下流の枝の閉塞を伴う問題を生じない。繊維が微小球より意味がある他の場所は眼を含み、そこでは球が患者の視野を妨げやすい。繊維はタック止めでき視野に流れ込まない。繊維は微小球より、特に繊維がコイル状になる空間で、その場に止まりやすい。このようにして、繊維内部の機械的張力が生じ、組織空間の側面を押し、よってその位置に止まる。
インサイツ動脈形成
実施例9と同様の視点で、インサイツの動脈形成である。この実施態様では、VEGF又は類似の弛緩物質を含む繊維の束が体内に配され、繊維束の両末端は存在する血管の近傍又にあるか又は接触する。繊維がVEGF又はその弛緩物質の放出を開始すると、存在する血管からの内皮細胞が、通常の血管新生のプロセスに従って、存在する血管からの泳動が誘発される。先行する内皮細胞は、繊維束の経路を横切り、繊維束の経路に沿って新しい血管が生成される。この繊維束は幾つかの形態を持ち、それはVEGF及びその置換物質のみを放出する単一又は少量の繊維が存在してもよいし、あるいは内部の内皮細胞及び外部の平滑筋の異なる因子に化学向性であるVEGF又は類似の成長因子を持つ管であってよい。このようにして、生成される血管のサイズが決定される。この出願では、細胞は当初は細胞の無い骨格に細胞特異的な成長因子によって案内される。
骨折の治癒
他の創傷治癒の実施態様では、骨折治癒を促進することが知られたタンパク質が繊維に負荷される。この繊維は、次いで骨のおれた部位の周囲に巻かれ、成長因子を放出して骨折修復を促進する。
これらの繊維は螺旋構造(単独又は多重螺旋)であるか、又は目の粗い開放された編み目のいずれかとすることができる。螺旋又は織られた形式の何れでも、繊維は骨断片の周囲に配され、それらをその場に保持すると共に成長因子を放出する。
この実施態様では、骨折は、非処理骨折に比較して促進された速さで治癒され、癒着不能なものも治癒される場合がある。
皮膚潰瘍治癒
皮膚創傷治癒の一形態を記載した実施例8と同様に、この技術の他の重要な例は、種々の原因の慢性皮膚潰瘍、例えば糖尿病性脚潰瘍、静脈性潰瘍及び一般的な圧痛などの治癒の可能性である。状態及び潜在的な他の類似の状態は、皮膚創傷を治癒を促進することが知られた因子、例えば血小板誘導成長因子(PDGF)、トランスフォーミング成長因子-ベータ(TGF-ベータ)、及びVEGF又は類似のタンパク質を放出する不織網の製造に基づいて治癒されうる。この不織網は潰瘍又は創傷に直接挿入又は包むことができ、これらの因子が創傷治癒プロセスの促進を補助する。これらの被覆材は、皮膚の痛み及び潰瘍を治癒するために設計されうる。この場合、特に糖尿病勢潰瘍の患者の最も大きな要求の一つが創傷部位への血液供給の欠如であるが、出血を減少させる必要は殆ど無い。従って、血管新生を誘導する因子は循環を増加させ、痛み又は潰瘍部位における組織の回復を補助する。
各被覆材は、放出される生物分子、及びそれらが放出される速度を変化させることにより、種々のタイプの創傷又は痛みの特定の要求のために設計される。
筋肉移植
他の実施態様において、繊維の平行列は筋肉幹細胞を負荷されてもよい。これらの幹細胞は、心臓、平滑又は骨格筋由来とすることができる。これらの幹細胞が繊維列に種付けされると、繊維はインビトロで機械的に延伸されて細胞の整列と分化特性を補助する。また整列は極めて小径の繊維を使用して達成してもよい。軸策での我々の経験は、50μmオーダーの径の繊維は、繊維の軸に平行な細胞の整列を助長する傾向がある。この束の他の繊維は、血管新生因子を放出して筋肉細胞のための血管を生成する。骨格又は平滑筋組織の場合は、神経筋接合部の形成を誘導するための神経成長のための繊維も含まれうる。これらの幹細胞を収集し、単離し、再生産し、そして分化させる種々の実験条件は、当業者に知られており、この特許の一部ではない。
代替的繊維製造方法1
100μlの高分子溶液上で小容量の高分子を製造するために、以下の方法が開発された。エマルションを実施例1で記載したように作製する。このエマルションを1mlFALCON(登録商標)管等の小型の容器に添加するが、これは、20〜30ゲージ、最も典型的には23ゲージの針を管の底面に貫通させることにより改変してある。この管を、凝固浴槽溶媒で満たした改変した50ml管に配する。管を遠心分離器に配置し、500〜1200rpm、最も典型的には700rpmで回転させる。遠心力は小容量の高分子エマルションを針を通して凝固液に押し出す。実施例1に記載したのと類似の溶媒交換により、繊維が形成される。この方法は有意に少量の高分子エマルションを使用し、廃棄されるエマルションが殆ど無い。
代替的繊維製造方法2
代替的な製造方法として、凝固浴槽溶媒は長い垂直管を通って所定速度で流れ、高分子溶液は凝固浴槽溶媒の流れの中に押し出される。管からの流れは浴槽に出る。繊維は一又は複数のボビンを通過し、浴槽から取り出されてスプールに巻かれる。溶媒の流速、高分子押出し速度、高分子溶液/エマルションの組成、凝固浴槽溶媒の組成、繊維が巻き取られる速度、連続するボビン間で起こりうる引張り、及びあらゆる付加的な溶液又は処理が、繊維の機械的及び化学的特性並びに負荷された生物学的材料の放出速度に影響するであろう。
緑内障の治療
実施例10に記載した眼における薬剤送達、実施例6に簡単に述べた神経ステントと同様に、緑内障は眼内薬剤送達と視神経に適用される神経治療とを組み合わせることにより治療される。網膜神経節細胞はアポトーシスを受けて視神経の軸策の死亡を導く。細胞が眼並びに視神経の経路の両方で支持される場合、細胞は生存できるとの仮説を立てる。NT-4、BDNF、CNTFなどの成長因子を放出する繊維束は、視神経の外側に局所適用される。同時に、アポトーシス阻害剤、又は網膜神経節細胞を支持する因子を放出する繊維が眼内に埋め込まれる。この複合効果は、緑内障を罹患した者の視力を延長又は確保しうる。
Claims (27)
- 繊維の製造方法であって、
a)第1の高分子溶液及び第2の高分子溶液を得;
b)前記第1の高分子溶液及び前記第2の高分子溶液の比率を連続的に変化させながら混合して前記第1及び第2の高分子溶液の混合物を得るとともに前記混合物を凝固浴槽に押し出す
ことを含んでなる方法。 - 前記第1の高分子溶液及び前記第2の高分子溶液の少なくとも一方が、活性な生物分子を含む水相及び生分解性高分子溶液中の界面活性剤を含有する油中水型エマルションである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 繊維が生理活性分子の線形勾配を有している、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 生分解性高分子溶液の生分解性高分子が合成生分解性高分子である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 高分子溶液が、高分子に良好な溶媒であり、水と混合せず、凝固浴槽溶媒と高度に混和性である高分子溶媒を含有する、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 界面活性剤が、ウシ血清アルブミン(BSA)、ポリ(ビニルアルコール)、プルロニクス、又は天然由来界面活性剤である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 界面活性剤が天然由来界面活性剤である、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 天然由来界面活性剤がリン脂質である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 凝固浴槽溶媒が高分子の非溶媒であり、高分子溶媒と高度に混和性である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 高分子が、ポリ(L-乳酸)、ポリ(DL-乳酸)、ポリ(グリコール酸)、ポリカプロラクトン、又はポリアンヒドリドである、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 高分子が、ポリ(L-乳酸)、ポリ(DL-乳酸)、ポリ(グリコール酸)、ポリカプロラクトン、及びポリアンヒドリドの任意の共重合体又は混合物である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 高分子溶媒がクロロホルム又は塩化メチレンである、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 凝固浴槽溶媒がヘキサン、アルコール又はアセトンである、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 凝固浴槽溶媒がイソプロピルアルコールである、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 良溶媒がクロロホルム又は塩化メチレンであり、貧溶媒がトルエンである、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 凝固浴槽溶媒が高分子溶媒を更に含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 凝固浴槽溶媒が20%v/vまでの高分子溶媒を含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 凝固浴槽溶媒が粘性溶媒を更に含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 粘性溶媒がグリセロールである、請求項18に記載の方法。
- グリセロール濃度が8%から20%v/vの間である、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 第2の高分子溶液が界面活性剤を含有して活性生物分子を含まないか、又は異なる活性生物分子を含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の高分子溶液及び前記第2の高分子溶液の比率が、バタフライ弁を用いて制御される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 第1の高分子溶液及び第2の高分子溶液が別々のポンプに収容され、混合チャンバー内で混合される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 高分子溶液の少なくとも一方が、キトサン及び塩酸を含有し、凝固浴槽がトリス塩基を含有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- トリス塩基の濃度は5%から15%の間である、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 押出しに先だって、キトサンに少なくとも1つの生物分子を含む微小球を添加する工程を更に含む、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 微小球が、純粋な重合体からなるか、又はポリ(L-乳酸)、ポリ(DL-乳酸)、ポリ(グリコール酸)、ポリカプロラクトン、及びポリアンヒドリドポリ(L-乳酸)からなる群から選択される重合体の共重合体又は混合物である、請求項26に記載の方法。
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| US14782799P | 1999-08-06 | 1999-08-06 | |
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| IT1144925B (it) * | 1981-10-08 | 1986-10-29 | Anic Spa | Fibre cave di chitosano e procedimento per il loro ottenimento |
| NL8401912A (nl) * | 1984-06-15 | 1986-01-02 | Tno | Met aktieve stof beladen biodegradeerbare polymeersubstraten, geschikt voor het gecontroleerd afgeven van de aktieve stof door middel van een membraan. |
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-
2000
- 2000-08-04 WO PCT/US2000/021508 patent/WO2001010421A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-08-04 CA CA 2379909 patent/CA2379909C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-04 JP JP2001514941A patent/JP4859317B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-04 US US09/632,457 patent/US6596296B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-04 CN CN008140227A patent/CN1378445B/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-04 EP EP20000952592 patent/EP1206254A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-08-04 AU AU65261/00A patent/AU6526100A/en not_active Abandoned
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2003
- 2003-05-02 US US10/428,354 patent/US6858222B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2004
- 2004-12-21 US US11/019,801 patent/US7514095B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7514095B2 (en) | 2009-04-07 |
| AU6526100A (en) | 2001-03-05 |
| CA2379909C (en) | 2011-01-04 |
| US20050106211A1 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
| JP2003506401A (ja) | 2003-02-18 |
| US20030203003A1 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
| JP4859317B2 (ja) | 2012-01-25 |
| EP1206254A1 (en) | 2002-05-22 |
| CN1378445B (zh) | 2013-02-06 |
| US6596296B1 (en) | 2003-07-22 |
| CA2379909A1 (en) | 2001-02-15 |
| CN1378445A (zh) | 2002-11-06 |
| JP2011255197A (ja) | 2011-12-22 |
| WO2001010421A1 (en) | 2001-02-15 |
| US6858222B2 (en) | 2005-02-22 |
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