JP5211679B2 - 光電変換素子 - Google Patents
光電変換素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5211679B2 JP5211679B2 JP2007333880A JP2007333880A JP5211679B2 JP 5211679 B2 JP5211679 B2 JP 5211679B2 JP 2007333880 A JP2007333880 A JP 2007333880A JP 2007333880 A JP2007333880 A JP 2007333880A JP 5211679 B2 JP5211679 B2 JP 5211679B2
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- semiconductor
- photoelectric conversion
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- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGYFMLJDMAMTAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenelead Chemical compound [Pb]=[Se] GGYFMLJDMAMTAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006617 triphenylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
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- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
Description
3.前記一般式(1)が下記一般式(2)で表されることを特徴とする前記2に記載の光電変換素子。
4.前記一般式(2)が下記一般式(3)で表されることを特徴とする前記3に記載の光電変換素子。
5.対向電極間に、少なくとも半導体層及び電解質層が設けられている光電変換素子において、前記一般式(1)〜(3)の何れかの構造を有する化合物を担持させてなる半導体層が設けられていることを特徴とする前記1〜4の何れか1項に記載の光電変換素子。
異性体の存在比は、液体クロマトグラフィーを用いて定量化した。
カラム: Shim−Pack CLC−ODS
溶媒: アセトニトリル
流速: 1ml/min
カラム温度: 40℃
測定波長: 290nm
測定量: 10μL
他の化合物も同様にして合成することができる。
本発明の光電変換素子は、導電性支持体上の半導体に色素を含ませてなる光電極と対向電極を電解質層を介して対向配置してなる。以下、半導体、光電極、電解質、対向電極について順次説明する。
光電極に用いられる半導体としては、シリコン、ゲルマニウムのような単体、周期表(元素周期表ともいう)の第3族〜第5族、第13族〜第15族系の元素を有する化合物、金属のカルコゲニド(例えば、酸化物、硫化物、セレン化物等)、金属窒化物等を使用することができる。
本発明の光電変換素子や本発明の太陽電池に用いられる導電性支持体には、金属板のような導電性材料や、ガラス板やプラスチックフイルムのような非導電性材料に導電性物質を設けた構造のものを用いることができる。導電性支持体に用いられる材料の例としては金属(例えば白金、金、銀、銅、アルミニウム、ロジウム、インジウム)あるいは導電性金属酸化物(例えばインジウム−スズ複合酸化物、酸化スズにフッ素をドープしたもの)や炭素を挙げることができる。導電性支持体の厚さは特に制約されないが、0.3〜5mmが好ましい。
本発明に係る光電極の作製方法について説明する。
まず、半導体の微粉末を含む塗布液を調製する。この半導体微粉末はその1次粒子径が微細な程好ましく、その1次粒子径は1〜5000nmが好ましく、更に好ましくは2〜50nmである。半導体微粉末を含む塗布液は、半導体微粉末を溶媒中に分散させることによって調製することができる。溶媒中に分散された半導体微粉末は、その1次粒子状で分散する。溶媒としては半導体微粉末を分散し得るものであればよく、特に制約されない。
上記のようにして得られた半導体微粉末含有塗布液を、導電性支持体上に塗布または吹きつけ、乾燥等を行った後、空気中または不活性ガス中で焼成して、導電性支持体上に半導体層(半導体膜)が形成される。
半導体の増感処理は、前述のように本発明の増感色素を適切な溶媒に溶解し、その溶液に前記半導体を焼成した基板を浸漬することによって行われる。その際には半導体層(半導体膜ともいう)を焼成により形成させた基板を、予め減圧処理したり加熱処理したりして膜中の気泡を除去しおくことが好ましい。このような処理により、本発明の増感色素が半導体層(半導体膜)内部深くに進入できるようになり、半導体層(半導体膜)が多孔質構造膜である場合には特に好ましい。
半導体を焼成した基板を本発明の増感色素を含む溶液に浸漬する時間は、半導体層(半導体膜)に前記化合物が深く進入して吸着等を充分に進行させ、半導体を十分に増感させることが好ましい。また、溶液中での前記化合物の分解等により生成して分解物が化合物の吸着を妨害することを抑制する観点から、25℃条件下では3〜48時間が好ましく、更に好ましくは4〜24時間である。この効果は、特に半導体膜が多孔質構造膜である場合において顕著である。但し、浸漬時間については25℃条件での値であり、温度条件を変化させた場合には、上記の限りではない。
本発明に用いられる電解質について説明する。
本発明に用いられる対向電極について説明する。
本発明の太陽電池について説明する。
市販の酸化チタンペースト(粒径18nm)をフッ素ドープ酸化スズ(FTO)導電性ガラス基板へドクターブレード法により塗布した。60℃で10分間加熱してペーストを乾燥させた後、500℃で30分間焼成を行った。
評価試験は、ソーラーシミュレータ(ワコム電創株式会社製、商品名;「WXS−85−H型」)を用い、AMフィルター(AM−1.5)を通したキセノンランプから100mW/cm2の疑似太陽光を照射することにより行った。各光電変換素子について、IVテスターを用いて、室温にて電流−電圧特性を測定し、短絡電流(Isc)、開放電圧(Voc)を求めた。
2,7 透明導電膜
3 半導体
4 増感色素
5 電解質
6 対向電極
7 透明導電膜
8 Pt
Claims (3)
- 対向電極間に、少なくとも半導体層と電解質層とを有し、前記半導体層に少なくとも2種の幾何異性体の混合物を含有する光電変換素子であり、
前記幾何異性体は、下記一般式(1)の構造を有する化合物であることを特徴とする光電変換素子。
(式中、R 1 〜R 7 は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換もしくは未置換のアルキル基、アリール基、アルコキシ基、複素環基を表し、R 1 、R 2 及びR 6 、R 7 は、互いに連結して環状構造を形成しても良い。また、R 1 〜R 7 の少なくとも一つの基は酸性基を有する。また、nは0〜4の整数を表す。) - 前記一般式(1)が下記一般式(2)で表されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光電変換素子。
(式中、R1、R2は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換もしくは未置換のアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アリール基、フェニル基、アルケニル基、アミノ基、複素環残基を表し、R1、R2の少なくとも一方は酸性基を有する。また、R3〜R7及びnは前記一般式(1)のR3〜R7及びnと同義である。) - 前記一般式(2)が下記一般式(3)で表されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の光電変換素子。
(式中、R1は酸性基を有する置換もしくは未置換のアルキル基、アリール基、複素環基を表す。また、R3〜R7及びnは前記一般式(2)のR3〜R7及びnと同義である。)
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| KR100663052B1 (ko) * | 1999-02-04 | 2007-01-02 | 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 인크. | 플루오렌 공중합체 및 이로부터 제조된 디바이스 |
| US6861664B2 (en) * | 2003-07-25 | 2005-03-01 | Xerox Corporation | Device with n-type semiconductor |
| JP5096673B2 (ja) * | 2004-11-30 | 2012-12-12 | 三菱製紙株式会社 | 半導体電極および光電変換素子 |
| JP4604183B2 (ja) * | 2005-06-14 | 2010-12-22 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | ルテニウム錯体、同錯体を含む色素増感金属酸化物半導体電極、及び該半導体電極を備えた太陽電池 |
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