JP5196498B2 - 生分解性水溶性ポリマー - Google Patents
生分解性水溶性ポリマー Download PDFInfo
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- JP5196498B2 JP5196498B2 JP2009509850A JP2009509850A JP5196498B2 JP 5196498 B2 JP5196498 B2 JP 5196498B2 JP 2009509850 A JP2009509850 A JP 2009509850A JP 2009509850 A JP2009509850 A JP 2009509850A JP 5196498 B2 JP5196498 B2 JP 5196498B2
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- polymer
- bioactive agent
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- water
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
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- C07D233/58—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring nitrogen atoms
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Description
本発明は、水および他の水性条件、例えば、生物学的条件下、例えば血液中などにおいて可溶性である、新規生分解性ポリ(エステルアミド)(PEA)、ポリ(エステルウレタン)(PEUR)およびポリ(エステル尿素)(PEU)を提供する。本発明の水溶性PEA、PEURおよびPEUポリマーは、ポリマー上に水溶性を付与するための構成ブロックとしての非毒性の天然由来成分またはそれらの誘導体の非毒性親水性残基-親水性、荷電または非荷電α-アミノ酸、グリセロールまたは炭化水素誘導ジオールおよび短鎖脂肪族二酸の使用に基づき設計された。
一般構造式(I)により記載される化学式を有するPEAポリマー、
式中、nは約5〜約150の範囲であり;R1は独立して(C2〜C4)アルキレンまたはCH2OCH2から選択され;個々のnユニットのR3は独立して、水素、CH2OH、CH(OH)CH3、(CH2)4NH3 +、(CH2)3NHC(=NH2 +)NH2、4-メチレンイミダゾリニウム、CH2COO-、(CH2)2COO-およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;ならびに、R4は独立して、CH2CH(OH)CH2またはCH2CH(CH2OH)、構造式(II)
の1,4:3,6-ジアンヒドロヘキシトールの二環フラグメント、1,4-アンヒドロエリトリトールの残基およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される;
または構造式(III)により記載される化学式を有するPEAポリマー、
式中、nは約5〜約150の範囲であり、mは約0.1〜0.9の範囲であり;pは約0.9〜0.1の範囲であり;R1は独立して(C2〜C4)アルキレンまたはCH2OCH2から選択され;各R2は独立して水素、または保護基であり;個々のユニットのR3は独立して、水素、CH2OH、CH(OH)CH3、(CH2)4NH3 +、(CH2)3NHC(=NH2 +)NH2、4-メチレンイミダゾリニウム、CH2COO-、(CH2)2COO-およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;R4は独立して、CH2CH(OH)CH2またはCH2CH(CH2OH)、構造式(II)の1,4:3,6-ジアンヒドロヘキシトールの二環フラグメント、1,4-アンヒドロエリトリトールの残基およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;ならびに、R5は独立して(C1〜C4)アルキルからなる群より選択される;
または構造式(IV)により記載される化学式を有するポリ(エステルウレタン)(PEUR)ポリマー、
式中、nは約5〜約150の範囲であり;個々のnユニットのR3は独立して、水素、CH2OH、CH(OH)CH3、(CH2)4NH3 +、(CH2)3NHC(=NH2 +)NH2、4-メチレンイミダゾリニウム、CH2COO-、(CH2)2COO-およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;R4は独立して、CH2CH(OH)CH2またはCH2CH(CH2OH)、構造式(II)の1,4:3,6-ジアンヒドロヘキシトールの二環フラグメント、1,4-アンヒドロエリトリトールの残基およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;ならびに、R6は独立してCH2CH(OH)CH2、CH2CH(CH2OH)、1,4-アンヒドロエリトリトールの残基およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される;
または一般構造式(V)により記載される化学構造を有するPEURポリマー、
式中、nは約5〜約150の範囲であり、mは約0.1〜約0.9の範囲であり;pは約0.9〜約0.1の範囲であり;R2は独立して水素または保護基から選択され;個々のnユニットのR3は独立して、水素、CH2OH、CH(OH)CH3、(CH2)4NH3 +、(CH2)3NHC(=NH2 +)NH2、4-メチレンイミダゾリニウム、CH2COO-、(CH2)2COO-およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;R4は独立して、CH2CH(OH)CH2またはCH2CH(CH2OH)、構造式(II)の1,4:3,6-ジアンヒドロヘキシトールの二環フラグメント、1,4-アンヒドロエリトリトールの残基およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;R6は独立してCH2CH(OH)CH2、またはCH2CH(CH2OH)、1,4-アンヒドロエリトリトールの残基およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;ならびに、R5は独立して(C1〜C4)アルキルからなる群より選択される;
または一般構造式(VI)により記載される化学式を有するポリ(エステル尿素)、(PEU)ポリマー、
式中、nは約10〜約150の範囲であり;個々のnユニットの各R3は独立して、水素、CH2OH、CH(OH)CH3、(CH2)4NH3 +、(CH2)3NHC(=NH2 +)NH2、4-メチレンイミダゾリニウム、CH2COO-、(CH2)2COO-およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;ならびに、R4は独立して、CH2CH(OH)CH2またはCH2CH(CH2OH)、1,4-アンヒドロエリトリトールの残基およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される;
または構造式(VII)により記載される化学式を有するPEUポリマー、
式中、mは約0.1〜1.0の範囲であり;pは約0.9〜約0.1の範囲であり;nは約10〜約150の範囲であり;各R2は独立して水素または保護基から選択され;個々のnユニットのR3は独立して、水素、CH2OH、CH(OH)CH3、(CH2)4NH3 +、(CH2)3NHC(=NH2 +)NH2、4-メチレンイミダゾリニウム、CH2COO-、(CH2)2COO-またはそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;R4は独立して、CH2CH(OH)CH2またはCH2CH(CH2OH)、1,4-アンヒドロエリトリトールの残基およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;ならびに、R5は独立して(C1〜C4)アルキルからなる群より選択される。
本発明は、疎水性薬物を可溶化し、またはタンパク質もしくは他の生物製剤に対し有益な薬物動態プロファイルを作成するための、生物活性剤の付着に対する新規非荷電または荷電脂肪族水溶性PEAポリマー組成物の発見に基づく。
一般構造式(I)により記載される化学式を有するPEAポリマー、
式中、nは約5〜約150の範囲であり;R1は独立して(C2〜C4)アルキレンまたはCH2OCH2から選択され;個々のnユニットのR3は独立して、水素、CH2OH、CH(OH)CH3、(CH2)4NH3 +、(CH2)3NHC(=NH2 +)NH2、4-メチレンイミダゾリニウム、CH2COO-;(CH2)2COO-からなる群より選択され;ならびに、R4は独立して、CH2CH(OH)CH2またはCH2CH(CH2OH)、構造式(II)
の1,4:3,6-ジアンヒドロヘキシトールの二環フラグメント、1,4-アンヒドロエリトリトールの残基およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される;
または構造式(III)により記載される化学式を有するPEAポリマー、
式中、nは約5〜約150の範囲であり、mは約0.1〜0.9の範囲であり;pは約0.9〜0.1の範囲であり;R1は独立して(C2〜C4)アルキレンまたはCH2OCH2から選択され;各R2は独立して水素、または保護基であり;個々のユニットのR3は独立して、水素、CH2OH、CH(OH)CH3、(CH2)4NH3 +、(CH2)3NHC(=NH2 +)NH2、4-メチレンイミダゾリニウム、CH2COO-、(CH2)2COO-およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;R4は独立して、CH2CH(OH)CH2またはCH2CH(CH2OH)、構造式(II)の1,4:3,6-ジアンヒドロ-ヘキシトールの二環フラグメント、1,4-アンヒドロエリトリトールの残基およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;ならびに、R5は独立して(C1〜C4)アルキルからなる群より選択される;
または構造式(IV)により記載される化学式を有するポリ(エステルウレタン)(PEUR)ポリマー、
式中、nは約5〜約150の範囲であり;個々のnユニットのR3は独立して、水素、CH2OH、CH(OH)CH3、(CH2)4NH3 +、(CH2)3NHC(=NH2 +)NH2、4-メチレンイミダゾリニウム、CH2COO-、(CH2)2COO-およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;R4は独立して、CH2CH(OH)CH2またはCH2CH(CH2OH)、構造式(II)の1,4:3,6-ジアンヒドロヘキシトールの二環フラグメント、1,4-アンヒドロエリトリトールの残基およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;ならびに、R6は独立してCH2CH(OH)CH2、CH2CH(CH2OH)、1,4-アンヒドロエリトリトールの残基およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される;
または一般構造式(V)により記載される化学構造を有するPEURポリマー、
式中、nは約5〜約150の範囲であり、mは約0.1〜約0.9の範囲であり;pは約0.9〜約0.1の範囲であり;R2は独立して水素または保護基から選択され;個々のnユニットのR3は独立して、水素、CH2OH、CH(OH)CH3、(CH2)4NH3 +、(CH2)3NHC(=NH2 +)NH2、4-メチレンイミダゾリニウム、CH2COO-、(CH2)2COO-およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;R4は独立して、CH2CH(OH)CH2またはCH2CH(CH2OH)、構造式(II)の1,4:3,6-ジアンヒドロヘキシトールの二環フラグメント、1,4-アンヒドロエリトリトールの残基およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;R6は独立してCH2CH(OH)CH2、またはCH2CH(CH2OH)、1,4-アンヒドロエリトリトールの残基およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;ならびに、R5は独立して(C1〜C4)アルキルからなる群より選択され;ならびに、対イオンと結合されたPEUR組成物は生分解性であり、水溶性である;
または一般構造式(VI)により記載される化学式を有するポリ(エステル尿素)、(PEU)ポリマー、
式中、nは約10〜約150であり;個々のnユニットの各R3は独立して、水素、CH2OH、CH(OH)CH3、(CH2)4NH3 +、(CH2)3NHC(=NH2 +)NH2、4-メチレンイミダゾリニウム、CH2COO-、(CH2)2COO-およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;ならびにR4は独立して、CH2CH(OH)CH2またはCH2CH(CH2OH)、1,4-アンヒドロエリトリトールの残基およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;ならびに、対イオンと結合されたPEU組成物は生分解性であり、水溶性である;
または構造式(VII)により記載される化学式を有するPEUポリマー、
式中、mは約0.1〜約1.0であり;pは約0.9〜約0.1であり;nは約10〜約150であり;各R2は独立して水素または保護基であり;個々のnユニットのR3は独立して、水素、CH2OH、CH(OH)CH3、(CH2)4NH3 +、(CH2)3NHC(=NH2 +)NH2、4-メチレンイミダゾリニウム、CH2COO-、(CH2)2COO-またはそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;R4は独立して、CH2CH(OH)CH2またはCH2CH(CH2OH)、1,4-アンヒドロエリトリトールの残基およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;ならびに、R5は独立して(C1〜C4)アルキルからなる群より選択される。ある態様では、組成物中のポリマーはその中の荷電基と結合された1つまたは複数の対イオンを有することができる。別の態様では、組成物はポリマーに結合した1つまたは複数の保護基を有することができる。
式中、n、R1およびR3は上記の通りであり、各ランダムセグメントにおいて、R7がCH2Oである場合、R8=OHであり、および/または、R7がで-O-ある場合、R8=CH2OHである。
式中、n、R1、R3、R7およびR8は上記の通りであり;rは約0.001〜約0.9の範囲であり;qは約0.999〜約0.1の範囲であり;ただし、R7が-CH2O-である場合、R9が-XR13-であり;R7がで-O-ある場合、R9が-CH2XR13-であり;ここで、Xは-O-または-S-から選択されるヘテロ原子であり;R13は-C=O-、-COO-、-CO-NH-、-S-、-S(O)-、および-S(O2)-からなる群より選択され;ならびにDは生物活性剤である。
式中、Zは(C1〜C8)アルキレン、置換アルキレン、(C3〜C8)シクロアルキレン、置換シクロアルキレン、O、NおよびSの群から選択される1〜3のヘテロ原子を含む5〜6員複素環系、非置換および置換複素環、(C2〜C8)アルケニル、アルキニル、(C2〜C20)アルキルオキシ(C2〜C4)アルキル、(C6〜C10)アリール、ヘテロアリール、アルキルアリール、アリールアルキニル、アリールアルケニルからなる群より選択され、ここで、置換基は、次からなる群より選択される:H、F、Cl、Br、I、(C1〜C6)アルキル、-CN、-NO2、-OH、-O(C1〜C6)アルキル、-S(C1〜C6)アルキル、-S[(=O)(C1〜C6)アルキル]、-S[(O2)(C1〜C6)アルキル]、-C[(=O)(C1〜C6)アルキル]、CF3、-O[(CO)-(C1〜C6)アルキル]、-S(O2)[N(R14R10)]、-NH[(C=O)(C1〜C6)アルキル]、-NH(C=O)N(R14R10)、ここで、R14およびR10は独立してHまたは(C1〜C6)アルキルである、および-N(R11R12)、ここでR11およびR12は独立して(C2〜C8)アルキレンおよび(C2〜C8)アルケニレンである。
1a. 本明細書で記載されるように、ベンジル化前駆体PEA化合物3.1.1から調製することができる、ペンディング一級ヒドロキシルを有する、グリシン、グリセロールおよびアジピン酸に基づく、PEA、化合物3.1
1b. 本明細書で記載されるように、ベンジル化前駆体PEA化合物3.2.1から調製することができる、ペンディング二級ヒドロキシルを有する、グリシン、グリセロールおよび脂肪族二酸(アジピン酸)に基づく、PEA化合物3.2
1c. PEA化合物3.3は、ペンディング一級および二級グリセロールヒドロキシルを有するランダムコポリマーである;
化合物3.3
また、1を超える生物活性剤、複数の生物活性剤、または生物活性剤および異なる治療または緩和活性を有する別の生物活性剤の混合物を直接ポリマーに結合させることができる。しかしながら、各生物活性剤の残基はポリマーの対応する残基に結合させることができるので、1つまたは複数の生物活性剤の残基数はポリマー残基上の空原子価数に対応することができる。
この実施例は、本発明の水溶性ポリマーの作製において使用されるモノマーの合成を説明する。
材料
化学物質グリセロール、2-O-ベンジルグリセロール、(±)-1-ベンジルグリセロール、グリシン、Boc-グリシン、トリフルオロ酢酸(TFA)、p-トルエンスルホン酸一水和物、ベンジルアルコール、アジピン酸クロリド、塩化グルタリル、塩化スクシニルおよび塩化ジグリコリル、1,6-ヘキサンジオール、p-ニトロフェノール、トリエチルアミン、4-N,N-(ジメチルアミノ)ピリジン(DMAP)、N,N’-ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド(DCC)、無水N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)、無水ジクロロメタン(DCM)はAldrich Chemicalsから購入し、そのまま使用した。他の無水溶媒:エーテル、酢酸エチル(EtOAc)およびテトラヒドロフラン(THF)をFisher Scientificから購入した。
モノマーおよびポリマーの化学構造を、標準化学法により特徴づけた。1H NMR分光法では、500MHzで動作するBruker AMX-500分光計(Numega R. Labs Inc. San Diego, CA)によりNMRスペクトルを記録した。重水素化溶媒CDCl3またはDMSO-d6(Cambridge Isotope laboratories, Inc.から)を内標準としてのテトラメチルシラン(TMS)と共に使用した。
1) ビス-求核剤または一般式(XIII)のビス(α-アミノ酸)-ジオール-エステルを、DCC技術またはp-トルエンスルホン酸の存在下でのジオールのαアミノ酸との直接縮合および発生した水の共沸除去のいずれかにより合成した。TFAまたはTosOH酸のいずれかを用いて、ジアミンを塩形態に導入し、重縮合反応させた。
カルボジイミド技術を用いて合成を実施し、ベンジル-保護モノマーをPEAバックボーンに導入した(図2)。Boc-グリシン(5.25g、30.0mmol)を乾燥ジクロロメタン(50.0ml)に溶解し、2-O-ベンジルグリセロール(1.82g、10.0mmol)、続いてDCC(6.18g、30.0mmol)を添加し、混合物を5分間、室温で撹拌した。4-ジメチルアミノピリジン(DMAP)(0.24g、0.2mmol)をジクロロメタン(4.0mL)に溶解し、徐々に0℃、窒素下で添加した。反応物をさらに15分、0℃で撹拌し、室温で3日間撹拌し続けた。化合物2-O-ベンジルグリセロールの消費が完了した後(TLC、6:4の体積比のヘキサン:酢酸エチル)、形成した尿素誘導体を、ガラスフリットを通して除去し、ジクロロメタン(3×25ml)で洗浄し、濾液を合わせ、真空下で濃縮した。油状生成化合物をカラムクロマトグラフィーにより、溶離剤としてヘキサン/酢酸エチル(体積比8:2、その後7:3)を用いて精製した。全ての画分を合わせ、濃縮、乾燥させると、4.8g(96.7%)の純粋な生成物(化合物1.1a)が得られた。Boc-基の脱保護を0℃、アルゴン下、撹拌しながら、ジクロロメタン(25ml)中、徐々にTFA(25ml)を添加することにより実施した。添加が完了すると、氷浴を除去し、撹拌を2時間室温で続けた。出発物質の消費をTLC(体積比6:4のヘキサン:酢酸エチルを用いる)によりモニタした。反応混合物を冷エーテル中に注ぎ入れると白色固体が得られ、これをヘキサンで洗浄し、濾過し、その後、再びエーテル(2×20mL)で洗浄した。化合物を真空下、35℃で乾燥させた。精製したモノマー塩(化合物1.1)の収率は85.28%(4.23g)であった。
化合物(1.2)を、化合物(1.1)に対して記載した手順と類似の手順を用いて、図3で示したスキームに従うDCC技術を用いて合成した。粘性の液体を最小量の2-プロパノールに溶解し、続いてジエチルエーテルを5×過剰で添加することにより、TFA塩の再結晶化を達成した。溶媒をデカントし、粘性生成物を、その後スパチュラを用いてスクラッチすると白色固体が形成し、これを真空で約2日間乾燥させた。純粋なモノマー塩の収率は81.3%(15.0g)であった。
1リットルの三ツ口丸底フラスコにグリセロール(10.0g、0.109mol)、p-トルエンスルホン酸一水和物(46.5g、0.244mol)、およびグリシン(16.7g、0.223mol)を入れた。オーバーヘッド撹拌機を使用して確実によく混合しながら、ベンゼン(250mL)を添加した。反応を還流しながら48時間続けた。Dean-Stark装置を使用して発生した水(8.3mL、0.462mol)を収集した。反応混合物を室温まで冷却し、ベンゼンをフラスコからデカントさせた。エーテル(100mL)を使用して、反応フラスコの底に形成された、得られた固い白色固体をすすいだ。アモルファスの吸湿性固体としてのモノマー(異性体混合物)をイソプロパノール/エーテルから2度再結晶化し、真空下で48時間45℃で乾燥させた。収率;得られたモノマー混合物の1H NMRは1,2-および1,3-ジエステルのバッチ間比率差を示す。Mank APJらにより記載されているように(Chem. Phys. Lipids (1976)16:107-114)、50℃で7日後、異性体混合物の固相異性化は観察されなかった。二酸塩異性体またはそれらの自由ジアミンのカラムクロマトグラフィーまたは真空蒸留による分離は失敗した。
前に発表された方法(Gomurashvili, Z, et al., J.M.S.-Pure Appl. Chem.(2000), 37:215-227)を用いて、化合物1.3を下記スキームで示されるように合成した。
トルエン300mLに溶解したグリシン(24.92g、0.332mol)、p-トルエンスルホン酸一水和物(69.46g、0.365mol)および1,4-アンヒドロエリトリトール(17.28g、0.165mol)を、Dean-Stark装置およびオーバーヘッド撹拌機を備えたフラスコに入れた。12.6mL(0.697mol)の水が発生するまで、不均一反応混合物を約24時間加熱し還流させた。反応混合物をその後室温まで冷却し、濾過し、アセトンで洗浄し、1:2の体積比のメタノール/2-プロパノール混合物から2度再結晶化させた。mp=224℃の白色粉末が収率62%で収集された。
下記例示的手順は、グリコール酸のジ-p-ニトロフェニルエステルの合成を説明する。トリエチルアミン(61.6mL、0.442mol)を乾燥アセトン(350mL)に溶解したp-ニトロフェノール(61.5g、0.442mol)の撹拌溶液に添加した。溶液を4℃まで冷却し、塩化ジグリコリル(25mL、0.21mol)を溶液に30分にわたり、アルゴン下で滴下した。その後、冷却浴を除去し、撹拌を一晩中、室温で続けた。反応混合物を水(450mL)で希釈し、10分間撹拌した。得られた固体を濾過により収集し、最初に0.1N HCl水溶液(500mL)、その後に水(500mL)で洗浄した。得られたジエステルをアセトン中で再結晶化し、その後、60℃、真空下で20時間乾燥させると、32.8gの生成物が得られた。濾液を3日間4℃で維持すると、追加の11.4gの生成物が得られた。総収量を合わせると44.2g(55.9%)となり、融点は166.8℃であり、文献値は166〜167℃であった(Zimmer, H et al., J. Org. Chem. (1975) 40:2901-06)。
1.ジ-p-ニトロフェニルアジパート(式IV、式中、R1=(CH2)4):アセトンから再結晶化、収率85%、mp=123℃
2.ジ-p-ニトロフェニルグルタラート(式IV、式中、R1=(CH2)3):アセトンから再結晶化、収率82%、mp=140℃
および、
3.ジ-p-ニトロフェニルスクシナート(式IV、式中、R1=(CH2)2):合成は-40℃で4時間実施し、その後、徐々に室温まで温めた。アセトンから再結晶化、mp=183.0℃、mp文献値=180〜182℃(Katsarava R.D. et al. Izv. Akad. N. Gruz. SSR. Khim Ser.(1982), 8(2):102-109)
溶液重縮合によるポリマーの合成
PEAを、Arabuli, N, et al.(Macromol. Chem. Phys. (1994), 195:2279-2289)により前に記載された方法に従い合成した。簡単に言うと、ジアミンの塩を、下記スキームに示されるように、有機塩基の存在下、脂肪族二酸の活性ジエステルと反応させた。
反応は主にDMF中、60℃で24時間実施した。形成したPEAは複数の再沈殿により完全に精製した。ペンディングベンジル化ヒドロキシルを有するポリマーをその後、Pd媒介水素化分解に供した。
化合物1.1(12.902g、24.6mmol)(ビス(グリシン)-1,3-ジグリセリドのジ-TFA塩)およびビスp-ニトロフェニルアジパート(9.555g、24.6mmol)を量り、100mLの一ッ口丸底フラスコに入れた。トリエチルアミン(7.54ml)および乾燥DMF 13.0mlを反応フラスコに添加し、60℃まで24時間加熱した。反応物をその後、室温まで冷却し、DMF 20mLで希釈し、激しく撹拌しながら、水500mL中で沈殿させた。形成したポリマーをDMFに再溶解し、冷メタノール中で3×沈殿させた。生成物白色ポリマー7.5g(収率75.3%)を収集した。
触媒水素化によるベンジル化基の脱保護よりヒドロキシル含有PEAが得られた。水素化のために使用される触媒はPd-黒であり、操作は水素雰囲気下、またはギ酸存在下のいずれかで実施された。一級ヒドロキシルからのベンジル化基の脱保護は室温で円滑に進んだ。
吸湿性が非常に高いので、予め風袋を計った反応フラスコにモノマーを量って入れた。フラスコをアジパートモノマーと共に、真空オーブン中で24時間、40℃で乾燥させた。グリセロール-ジ-グリシン-ジエステルジトシラートモノマー混合物(22.312g、40.523mmol)を含む反応フラスコに、ジ-p-ニトロフェノールアジパート(15.7363g、40.523mmol)を添加した。その後、DMF(21.3mL、1.2M)およびトリエチルアミン(12.4ml、89.151mmol)を反応フラスコに添加した。反応物を60℃で24時間、撹拌した。得られたポリマー溶液をDMF 20mLで希釈し、アセトン中で沈殿させた。固体を収集し、再びDMF中に溶解し、繰り返し、冷アセトン中で再沈殿させた。ポリマーの収率は分子量によって35〜70%まで変動した。化合物3.3の型のPEAでは、GPCにより決定されるように18,000〜82,000の分子量範囲、1.8〜2.5の多分散性が達成された。
PEA-タキソールコンジュゲートの合成
パクリタキセル(タキソール)を分解性(エステル)コンジュゲーションを介してPEAに付着させ、活性薬剤がポリマー担体から確実に放出されるようにする。第1に、タキソールを2’-位でコハク酸と結合させたが、これはさらに、PEAと薬物との間のリンカーの役割を果たした。
従った合成手順は前に公表された通りであった(Yi Luo and Glenn D. Prestwich, Bioconjugate Chem.(1999)10:755-763)。ジクロロメタン(4.3mL)に溶解したタキソール(90mg、105μmol)、無水コハク酸(12.6mg、126μmol、1.2当量)およびピリジン(148μmol、1.4当量)を室温で3日間撹拌した。溶媒をロータリーエバポレータで除去し、残渣を水(10mL)と共に20分間撹拌し、焼結漏斗上で濾過した。固体をアセトン(7mL)に溶解し、水(5mL)を添加して沈殿させた。沈殿を濾過し、水(5mL)で洗浄し、その後、真空、40℃で一晩中乾燥させると、85mgの固体が得られた(収率85%)。1H NMRおよびMSは文献で報告されているものと同一であった。
PEAポリマー(化合物3.3)(200mg、Mw=16kDa、繰り返しユニットFW=317)を真空下、40℃で48時間乾燥させ、その後DMF(0.5mL)に溶解し、モレキュラーシーブ上で24時間乾燥させ、その後、タキソール-2’-ヘミスクシナート(20mg、21μmol)を含むガラスバイアルに移した。モレキュラーシーブを追加の0.5mlのDMFですすぎ、洗浄生成物を反応バイアルに添加した。このバイアルに、DCC(4.28mg、21μmol)、1-ヒドロキシベンゾトリアゾール(2.8mg、21μmol、MW=135.12)、DMAP(2.5mg、21μmol)およびピリジン1mLを添加し、混合物を室温で5日間撹拌した。反応混合物をアセトン(20mL)から沈殿させた。
インビトロ細胞培養細胞毒性
この実施例は、実施例3で調製した水溶性PEA-タキソールコンジュゲートが、試験細胞へ細胞毒性量のタキソールを送達させる能力を説明する。内皮細胞および平滑筋細胞を用いてインビトロアッセイ法を実施した。
表1は、PEA-タキソールコンジュゲートに暴露した内皮細胞の細胞生存率%を試験する代表的アッセイ法から得られたデータを示す。同じ試験物品を平滑筋と共にインキュベートした時に、同様の結果が見られた。
Claims (11)
- 下記のポリマーのうちの少なくとも1つを含む組成物:
一般構造式(I)
[式中、nは5〜150の範囲であり;R1は独立して(C2〜C4)アルキレンまたはCH2OCH2から選択され;個々のnユニットのR3は、CH2OH、CH(OH)CH3 、(CH2)4NH3 +、(CH2)3NHC(=NH2 +)NH2、4−メチレンイミダゾリニウム、CH2COO − および(CH2)2COO−からなる群より選択され;ならびに、R4は独立して、CH2CH(OH)CH2またはCH2CH(CH2OH)、構造式(II)
の1,4:3,6−ジアンヒドロヘキシトールの二環フラグメント、1,4−アンヒドロエリトリトールの残基およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される。]
により記載される化学式を有するPEAポリマー、または
一般構造式(III)
[式中、nは5〜150の範囲であり、mは0.1〜0.9の範囲であり;pは0.9〜0.1の範囲であり;R1は独立して(C2〜C4)アルキレンまたはCH2OCH2から選択され;各R2は独立して水素、または保護基であり;個々のユニットのR3は、CH2OH、CH(OH)CH3 、(CH2)4NH3 +、(CH2)3NHC(=NH2 +)NH2、4−メチレンイミダゾリニウム、CH2COO − および(CH2)2COO−からなる群より選択され;R4は独立して、CH2CH(OH)CH2またはCH2CH(CH2OH)、前記構造式(II)の1,4:3,6−ジアンヒドロ−ヘキシトールの二環フラグメント、1,4−アンヒドロエリトリトールの残基およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択され;ならびに、R5は独立して(C1〜C4)アルキレンからなる群より選択される。]
により記載される化学式を有するPEAポリマー。 - 前記ポリマーが、繰り返しユニット1つあたり、極性であるが非荷電の少なくとも1つの一級または二級ヒドロキシルペンダント基を含む、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 前記R3が、(CH2)4NH3 +、(CH2)3NHC(=NH2 +)NH2、および4−メチレンイミダゾリニウムからなる群より選択される、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 前記R3が、CH2COO−または(CH2)2COO− から選択される、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 前記ポリマーが、繰り返しユニット1つあたり、極性であるが非荷電の少なくとも1つの一級または二級ヒドロキシルペンダント基、および正電荷または負電荷を有する少なくとも1つのペンダント基を含む、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 経時的な制御放出のために前記ポリマーにコンジュゲートされた少なくとも1つの生物活性剤をさらに含む、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 前記ポリマーの繰り返しユニット1つあたり、前記ポリマーの少なくとも1つのペンダント親水性官能基にコンジュゲートされる生物活性剤をさらに含む、請求項1記載の組成物。
- 水溶液中での前記組成物の分散物が、粒子内に隔離された前記生物活性剤を有する自由遊泳性の完全に溶解するナノ粒子を自然に形成する、請求項7記載の組成物。
- 少なくとも1つの生物活性剤を、請求項1記載の組成物のペンダント反応基、またはポリマー高分子鎖のアミンもしくはカルボキシル末端基を介して前記ポリマーにコンジュゲートさせることによりプロドラッグを形成する工程を含み、そのように形成されたプロドラッグ中の生物活性剤の水溶性を、生物活性剤単独の水溶性と比べて増加させる、生物活性剤の水溶性を増加させるための方法。
- 生物活性剤の水溶性が、50倍〜5000倍増加する、請求項9記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の組成物の、薬物または生物製剤のためのリポソーム、ミセルまたはポリマー粒子担体の表面修飾のための使用。
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-
2007
- 2007-05-09 EP EP07794713.3A patent/EP2021141A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-05-09 JP JP2009509850A patent/JP5196498B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-05-09 WO PCT/US2007/011272 patent/WO2007133616A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-05-09 US US11/801,481 patent/US20070282011A1/en not_active Abandoned
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| EP2021141A2 (en) | 2009-02-11 |
| EP2021141A4 (en) | 2013-07-03 |
| JP2009536684A (ja) | 2009-10-15 |
| WO2007133616A2 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
| WO2007133616A3 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
| US20070282011A1 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
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