JP4774080B2 - 硬質皮膜被覆材および冷間塑性加工用金型 - Google Patents
硬質皮膜被覆材および冷間塑性加工用金型 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4774080B2 JP4774080B2 JP2008144723A JP2008144723A JP4774080B2 JP 4774080 B2 JP4774080 B2 JP 4774080B2 JP 2008144723 A JP2008144723 A JP 2008144723A JP 2008144723 A JP2008144723 A JP 2008144723A JP 4774080 B2 JP4774080 B2 JP 4774080B2
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 42
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 40
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 37
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 61
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 25
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 25
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 25
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 24
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000007733 ion plating Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 ion ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002345 surface coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052774 Proactinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004453 electron probe microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0635—Carbides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/56—Coatings, e.g. enameled or galvanised; Releasing, lubricating or separating agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0664—Carbonitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/067—Borides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
- C23C14/32—Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating
- C23C14/325—Electric arc evaporation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
Description
0≦a≦0.3 ----------------------- 式(2)
0≦1−a−b≦0.5 --------------- 式(3)
0.5≦b≦1 ----------------------- 式(4)
0.4≦1−y≦0.9 --------------- 式(5)
但し、上記式において、aはBの原子比、bはCの原子比、1−a−bはNの原子比を示し、yはNbの比、1−yは(Ba Cb N1-a-b )の比を示すものである。
0≦1−a−b≦0.5 --------------- 式(3)
0.5≦b≦1 ----------------------- 式(4)
0.4≦1−y≦0.9 --------------- 式(5)
但し、上記式において、aはBの原子比、bはCの原子比、1−a−bはNの原子比を示し、yはNbの比、1−yは(Ba Cb N1-a-b )の比を示すものである。
Nb及び金属元素Mあるいは更にBを含有するアーク蒸発源を有する成膜装置にて表1に示す組成の皮膜を基材上に形成した。ただし、高温下での摺動試験用の皮膜形成の場合には、密着性を向上させるために基材上にCrNを約3μm 形成した後、表1に示す組成の皮膜を形成した。
・装置:ベーンオンディスク型摺動試験装置
・ベーン:SKD 61鋼(HRC 50) 3.5×5mm, 長さ20mm, 先端半径10R
・ディスク:SKD 11鋼(HRC 60)に皮膜形成したもの
・摺動速度:0.2m/秒
・荷重:500N
・摺動距離:500m
・試験温度:25℃(加熱無し),400℃
Nb及び金属元素Mあるいは更にBを含有するアーク蒸発源を有する成膜装置にて表2に示す組成の皮膜を基材上に形成した。ただし、摺動試験用の皮膜形成の場合には、密着性を向上させるために基材上にCrNを約3μm 形成した後、表2に示す組成の皮膜を形成した。
Nbを含有するアーク蒸発源を有する成膜装置にて表3に示す多層構造または傾斜構造の皮膜を基材上に形成した。ただし、摺動試験用の皮膜形成の場合には、基材上にCrNを約3μm 形成した後、上記表3に示す皮膜を形成した。
Nbを含有するアーク蒸発源を有する成膜装置にてNby C1-y の組成の皮膜を基材上に形成した。ただし、摺動試験用の皮膜形成の場合には、密着性を向上させるために基材上にCrNを約3μm 形成した後、上記組成の皮膜を形成した。
Claims (2)
- 鉄基合金よりなる基材の表面にCrNよりなる皮膜層が形成され、その上に、
Nby (Ba Cb N1-a-b )1-y からなる硬質皮膜であって下記式(2) 〜(5) を満たすと共に前記基材側から膜表面側に向かってyが連続的または段階的に小さくなる硬質皮膜が形成されていることを特徴とする硬質皮膜被覆材。
0≦a≦0.3 ----------------------- 式(2)
0≦1−a−b≦0.5 --------------- 式(3)
0.5≦b≦1 ----------------------- 式(4)
0.4≦1−y≦0.9 --------------- 式(5)
但し、上記式において、aはBの原子比、bはCの原子比、1−a−bはNの原子比を示し、yはNbの比、1−yは(Ba Cb N1-a-b )の比を示すものである。 - 請求項1記載の硬質皮膜被覆材を用いた冷間塑性加工用金型。
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008144723A JP4774080B2 (ja) | 2007-08-02 | 2008-06-02 | 硬質皮膜被覆材および冷間塑性加工用金型 |
| DE200811001882 DE112008001882B4 (de) | 2007-08-02 | 2008-07-10 | Kaltumformwerkzeug sowie Verfahren zum Bilden eines Hartbeschichtungsfilms |
| US12/671,123 US8580406B2 (en) | 2007-08-02 | 2008-07-10 | Hard coating film, material coated with hard coating film and die for cold plastic working and method for forming hard coating film |
| PCT/JP2008/062512 WO2009016938A1 (ja) | 2007-08-02 | 2008-07-10 | 硬質皮膜、硬質皮膜被覆材および冷間塑性加工用金型ならびに硬質皮膜の形成方法 |
| US14/021,170 US8828562B2 (en) | 2007-08-02 | 2013-09-09 | Hard coating film, material coated with hard coating film and die for cold plastic working and method for forming hard coating film |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007202192 | 2007-08-02 | ||
| JP2007202192 | 2007-08-02 | ||
| JP2008144723A JP4774080B2 (ja) | 2007-08-02 | 2008-06-02 | 硬質皮膜被覆材および冷間塑性加工用金型 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009194068A Division JP5043905B2 (ja) | 2007-08-02 | 2009-08-25 | 硬質皮膜、硬質皮膜被覆材および冷間塑性加工用金型ならびに硬質皮膜の形成方法 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2009052134A JP2009052134A (ja) | 2009-03-12 |
| JP4774080B2 true JP4774080B2 (ja) | 2011-09-14 |
Family
ID=40503456
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008144723A Expired - Fee Related JP4774080B2 (ja) | 2007-08-02 | 2008-06-02 | 硬質皮膜被覆材および冷間塑性加工用金型 |
| JP2009194068A Expired - Fee Related JP5043905B2 (ja) | 2007-08-02 | 2009-08-25 | 硬質皮膜、硬質皮膜被覆材および冷間塑性加工用金型ならびに硬質皮膜の形成方法 |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009194068A Expired - Fee Related JP5043905B2 (ja) | 2007-08-02 | 2009-08-25 | 硬質皮膜、硬質皮膜被覆材および冷間塑性加工用金型ならびに硬質皮膜の形成方法 |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US8580406B2 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JP4774080B2 (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE112008001882B4 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010042862B4 (de) * | 2010-10-25 | 2017-05-11 | Battenfeld-Cincinnati Germany Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Führen und Formen eines extrudierten Kunststoffstranges |
| WO2013031458A1 (ja) * | 2011-08-29 | 2013-03-07 | 京セラ株式会社 | 切削工具 |
| US9314985B2 (en) * | 2011-09-27 | 2016-04-19 | Kennametal Inc. | Coated pelletizing extrusion dies and method for making the same |
| US20130078328A1 (en) * | 2011-09-27 | 2013-03-28 | Kennametal, Inc. | Coated Pelletizing Dies |
| AR092945A1 (es) * | 2012-10-10 | 2015-05-06 | Oerlikon Trading Ag Trübbach | Recubrimiento para usos a altas temperaturas con solicitacion tribologica |
| JP6211858B2 (ja) * | 2013-09-12 | 2017-10-11 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 潤滑性と耐摩耗性に優れた硬質皮膜の製造方法 |
| KR102109492B1 (ko) * | 2015-12-22 | 2020-05-12 | 교세라 가부시키가이샤 | 피복 공구 |
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| JP4062583B2 (ja) | 2001-07-23 | 2008-03-19 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 切削工具用硬質皮膜およびその製造方法並びに硬質皮膜形成用ターゲット |
| SE526336C2 (sv) * | 2002-07-01 | 2005-08-23 | Seco Tools Ab | Skär med slitstark refraktär beläggning av MAX-fas |
| SE526339C2 (sv) * | 2002-09-04 | 2005-08-23 | Seco Tools Ab | Skär med slitstark refraktär beläggning med kompositstruktur |
| SE526338C2 (sv) * | 2002-09-04 | 2005-08-23 | Seco Tools Ab | Skär med utskiljningshärdad slitstark refraktär beläggning |
| DE10242421A1 (de) | 2002-09-06 | 2004-03-18 | Fenker, Martin, Dr. | Beschichtung zum Verschleiß- und Korrosionsschutz auf Basis von Niobnitrid oder Niobmetallnitrid sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben |
| JP4083102B2 (ja) * | 2003-10-03 | 2008-04-30 | 日立ツール株式会社 | 多層皮膜被覆工具及びその被覆方法 |
| JP4958134B2 (ja) * | 2003-12-18 | 2012-06-20 | 日立ツール株式会社 | 硬質皮膜被覆工具 |
| JP4495568B2 (ja) | 2004-11-01 | 2010-07-07 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 硬質皮膜 |
| SE529223C2 (sv) * | 2005-05-06 | 2007-06-05 | Seco Tools Ab | Belagt skärverktyg innefattande hexagonal h-(Mel,Me2)Xfas |
| JP4578382B2 (ja) | 2005-10-25 | 2010-11-10 | 日立ツール株式会社 | 硬質皮膜及び硬質皮膜被覆工具 |
| DE102005056262A1 (de) | 2005-11-25 | 2007-05-31 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Schichtanordnung, Verfahren zum Herstellen eines elektrischen Bauelementes, Schichtanordnung und elektrisches Bauelement |
| JP4721281B2 (ja) * | 2006-04-27 | 2011-07-13 | 日立ツール株式会社 | 耐酸化性皮膜及びその皮膜を被覆した部材 |
| CN101516615B (zh) | 2006-09-25 | 2013-03-13 | 西铁城控股株式会社 | 装饰部件及其制造方法 |
| US7811683B2 (en) * | 2006-09-27 | 2010-10-12 | Kyocera Corporation | Cutting tool |
| JP2008144723A (ja) | 2006-12-13 | 2008-06-26 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関の制御装置 |
| JP5239620B2 (ja) | 2008-08-20 | 2013-07-17 | サクサ株式会社 | 非接触型ic媒体処理装置におけるシャッタ開閉構造 |
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- 2008-07-10 DE DE200811001882 patent/DE112008001882B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
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|---|---|
| DE112008001882B4 (de) | 2013-10-17 |
| US8828562B2 (en) | 2014-09-09 |
| DE112008001882T5 (de) | 2010-06-02 |
| US20140004362A1 (en) | 2014-01-02 |
| JP2009052134A (ja) | 2009-03-12 |
| US8580406B2 (en) | 2013-11-12 |
| JP5043905B2 (ja) | 2012-10-10 |
| US20100189835A1 (en) | 2010-07-29 |
| JP2009275292A (ja) | 2009-11-26 |
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