JP4744011B2 - Fe-Cr-Ni-Cu alloy for sliding member - Google Patents
Fe-Cr-Ni-Cu alloy for sliding member Download PDFInfo
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- JP4744011B2 JP4744011B2 JP2001194592A JP2001194592A JP4744011B2 JP 4744011 B2 JP4744011 B2 JP 4744011B2 JP 2001194592 A JP2001194592 A JP 2001194592A JP 2001194592 A JP2001194592 A JP 2001194592A JP 4744011 B2 JP4744011 B2 JP 4744011B2
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Description
【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、ディスクブレーキのロータ材,ディスク材等の摺動部材として好適なFe−Cr−Ni−Cu合金に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
産業の発展に伴って高速化,高効率化の要求はあらゆる分野で強くなっており、高速化に対応した設備改善や材料開発が進められている。設備の高速化によって高速運転が可能となるが、運転時や停止時の速度制御で必要とされる制動システムの負荷が大きくなる。その結果、ディスクブレーキのロータ材ではより高い品質が要求され,摺動部材と接触する部位においても高品質が要求される。各部位における要求特性には、安定した摩擦係数,耐食性が挙げられる。しかも、高速化に対応する材料に関する要求に応えるため、抜本的な新材料の開発が急務とされている。
【0003】
たとえば、車両運搬設備,電動輸送設備等のディスクブレーキは大半が鋳鉄製ディスクを使用しているが、鋳鉄製ディスクでは重量が嵩み、設備全体の大型化が避けられない。鋳鉄製ディスクは、消費エネルギーを節減する上でもネックとなる。そのため、ディスクの軽量化が種々検討されているが、制動部品としての要求特性やコスト面から鋳鉄製ディスクを凌駕する材料が実用化されていない。
自動車用ディスクブレーキにも、ねずみ鋳鉄等の高炭素鋳鉄が使用されている。この種の鋳鉄は、多量に含有する炭素を黒鉛としてマトリックスに分散させた組織をもち、温度,湿度等の環境変化に拘らず比較的安定した摩擦特性を呈する。また、熱伝導性も良好で摩擦熱が分散されるため、局部的な温度上昇に起因する歪変形を緩和させる作用があり、他の材料系にみられない特性を示す。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、ねずみ鋳鉄等は、衝撃値や延性が低いため塑性加工が極めて困難な材料である。そのため、ブレーキディスクの製造に際しては、プレス加工を採用できず、個々の製品ごとに鋳型を製作し鋳造する鋳造法に拠らざるを得ない。しかも、湿潤環境では短期間に腐食して赤錆が発生する致命的な欠陥がある。更には、高強度化が困難な材料であることから、軽量化を犠牲にしながら、厚肉化によって部材の強度を向上させている。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、このような問題を解消すべく案出されたものであり、Cuを主体とする第二相が微細分散したFe−Cr−Ni−Cu合金をねずみ鋳鉄に代えて使用することにより、ねずみ鋳鉄に比較して耐食性や靭性が格段に優れ、高強度化が可能なために薄肉化による軽量化で高速,高効率化に適し、摩擦特性が安定した摺動部材用Fe−Cr−Ni−Cu合金を提供することを目的とする。
【0006】
本発明の摺動部材用Fe−Cr−Ni−Cu合金は、その目的を達成するため、C:0.20質量%以下,Cr:4〜20質量%,Ni:0.1〜5.0質量%,Cu:2.91〜7.5質量%を含み、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物の組成をもち、マルテンサイトを含むフェライト相のマトリックスにCuを主体とする第二相が微細分散していることを特徴とする。Cuを主体とする第二相は、0.2体積%以上の析出量で微細分散していることが好ましい。マトリックスのマルテンサイト量を焼入れ等の熱処理によって調整するとき、要求特性に応じた強度をFe−Cr−Ni−Cu合金に付与できる。
【0007】
【作用】
本発明者等は、高強度で安定した摩擦係数を得るため、マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼SUS420J2を用い、摩擦係数の経時変化をねずみ鋳鉄と比較調査した。図1の調査結果にみられるように、マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼SUS420J2は、試験初期段階でねずみ鋳鉄と同等の摩擦係数を示したものの、時間の経過と共に摩擦係数が上昇して異常音を発生した。また、摩擦試験がある時間経過した時点で摩擦係数が急激に上昇し、焼付き現象が発生した。他方、ねずみ鋳鉄では、摩擦係数が実質的に上昇しなかった。
【0008】
ねずみ鋳鉄の摩擦係数が安定している原因を解明するため、ねずみ鋳鉄の摩擦面における挙動を検討した。ねずみ鋳鉄は、マトリックスに分散析出した多量の球状黒鉛が摩擦面の潤滑性や熱拡散性に有効に作用するため、安定した摩擦係数を維持する。しかし、必要量の黒鉛晶出には少なくとも3質量%以上のC含有量を必要とし、靭性を著しく低下させる原因となる。多量のC含有は、耐食性改善元素として添加したCrをCr炭化物として消費し、Cr添加による耐食性向上効果を損なうことにもなる。
【0009】
そこで、本発明者等は、球状黒鉛に代わる元素又は析出物を調査検討した。その結果、製鋼段階でCuを溶鋼に添加し、マトリックス及び鋼表面にCuを主体とする第二相を析出させるとき、耐食性や靭性を劣化させることなく、球状黒鉛と同様に摩擦係数を安定化させた鋼材が得られることを見出した。実際、Cuを主体とする第二相を分散析出させた鋼材では、図2に示すようにねずみ鋳鉄とほぼ同様に摩擦係数が安定しており、マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼SUS420J2でみられる焼付きは皆無であった。
Cuを主体とする第二相の分散析出により摩擦係数の安定化及び焼付き防止が図られる理由は定かでないが、析出した第二相を介した熱流路が形成されることから熱拡散率が上昇し、第二相自体が自己潤滑性を発現したこと等に拠るものと考えられる。何れにしても、Cuを主体とする第二相の析出によって安定した摩擦係数が維持され、異常な温度上昇がないことは、本発明者等が見出した知見である。
【0010】
Fe−Cr−Ni−Cu合金は、焼入れ等の熱処理でマルテンサイト化することにより高強度化される。Fe−Cr−Ni−Cu合金は、図3に示すようにマルテンサイト量が多くなるほど硬質化し強度が向上する。そのため、マルテンサイト量を調節することにより、要求特性に応じた強度が付与される。たとえば、マトリックスに20%以上のマルテンサイト量を生成させると、マルテンサイトが生じていないFe−Cr−Ni−Cu合金やねずみ鋳鉄に比較して1.3倍以上の強度を示す。したがって、ねずみ鋳鉄製部材に比較して板厚を強度向上分だけ減少でき、軽量化が可能となる。
【0011】
本発明のFe−Cr−Ni−Cu合金は、ねずみ鋳鉄以上の耐食性を確保するため4〜20質量%のCrを含んでいる。一般のマイルドな大気環境での耐食性は4質量%以上のCr含有で顕著になるが、海塩粒子や酸性雨等に曝される環境下では10質量%以上のCr含有量が好ましい。しかし、20質量%を超える過剰量のCrが含まれると、焼入れ等の熱処理によっても十分なマルテンサイト量が得られず、延性低下等に起因して製造コストも上昇する。
耐食性改善元素であるCrは焼入れ・焼戻しで生成するクロム炭化物として消費され、必要とする耐食性が得られない場合がある。クロム炭化物生成による耐食性の低下は、C含有量を0.20重量%以下に規制することによって抑制される。0.20重量%以下のC含有量は、Fe−Cr−Ni−Cu合金の加工性を確保する上でも有効である。
【0012】
Niは、焼入れ・焼戻し等で生成するマルテンサイト量を調整する上で有効な合金成分であり、靭性を改善する作用も呈する。このような作用・効果は0.1質量%以上のNiで顕著になり、Niの増量に応じて焼入れマルテンサイトの靭性も向上する。しかし、5.0質量%を超える過剰量のNiが含まれると、熱処理法によってはオーステナイトが生成・残存し、強度が低下する。過剰量のNi添加は、材料コストの上昇にもつながるので好ましくない。Cuは、安定した摩擦特性の発現に有効な第二相を析出させるために必要な合金成分である。第二相の安定析出には、少なくとも2.91質量%以上のCu添加が必要とされる。しかし、過剰量のCu添加は高温脆化を引き起こすので、Cu含有量の上限を7.5質量%に設定した。
【0013】
以上の基本成分系をもつFe−Cr−Ni−Cu合金に、高耐食性に有効な3質量%以下のMo,高温靭性の改善に有効な0.01質量%以下のB,耐高温酸化性に有効な3質量%以下のAlを必要に応じて添加することもできる。また、製造上から混入する不純物に関しては、Pを0.05質量%以下,Sを0.01質量%以下,Siを3質量%以下,Mnを3質量%以下に規制することが好ましいが、これら成分は切削性,高温強度を得るために個々の上限を超えて添加することも可能である。
【0014】
【実施例】
表1の組成をもつFe−Cr−Ni−Cu合金を常法に従って溶製し、インゴットに鋳造した。各インゴットを熱間鍛造した後、熱間圧延でホットバーに仕上げ、更に熱処理を経てディスクブレーキ用のロータ材に切削加工した。作製されたロータ材から試験片を切り出し、成分分析すると共に、Cuを主体とする第二相の析出量を測定し、熱処理後の組織を観察した。
第二相の析出量は、試験片をイオンミーリングして作製された薄膜を透過型電子顕微鏡で観察し、析出物がCuを主体とする第二相であることをEDX分析で確認した後、透過型電子顕微鏡の観察写真から析出物の面積を算出し、更に薄膜の厚みを乗じることによって体積割合として求めた。
熱処理後の組織については、試験片の鏡面研磨仕上げした面を化学エッチングし、顕微鏡観察によってフェライト,マルテンサイトを相別判定した。
調査結果を、Fe−Cr−Ni−Cu合金の組成と併せて表1に示す。
【0015】
【0016】
次いで、各ロータ材の摩擦特性,耐食性,機械特性を以下の試験条件で調査した。
〔摩擦試験〕
ピンオンディスク型摩擦磨耗試験機を用い、市販の自動車用ディスクパットを10mm角に切り出してピン側にセットし、表1に掲げたロータ材をディスク側にセットした。試験荷重400Nを加え、摩擦面における摩擦速度を2m/秒に設定し、ディスクパットにロータ材を長時間摺動させた。この試験条件下で、マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼SUS420J2にみられたような摩擦係数が急激に変化するまでの時間を求めた。そして、マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼SUS420J2の変化点(2000秒)までの時間と比較し、摩擦係数の変化点がマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼SUS420J2より長いものを○,短いものを×として摩擦特性を評価した。
【0017】
〔腐食試験〕
雨水による腐食を想定し、試験片に水道水を72時間噴霧した後、試験片表面を観察し、錆が検出されなかったものを○,錆がわずかに検出されたものを△,多量の錆が発生したものを×として耐食性を評価した。
〔機械特性〕
各ロータ材のビッカース硬さを測定すると共に、シャルピー衝撃試験によって衝撃値を測定した。ビッカース硬さがねずみ鋳鉄の硬さ170HVを超えるものを○,170HV以下を×として強度を評価した。また、衝撃値がねずみ鋳鉄の衝撃値5J/cm2を超えるものを○,5J/cm2以下を×として靭性を評価した。
【0018】
調査結果を表2に示す。
Cu無添加のマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼SUS420J2やCu添加量が不足する比較例No.2では、安定した摩擦特性が得られず、摩擦磨耗試験開始後1850秒経過した時点から異常な摩擦係数の変化が検出された。これに対し、Cu:1.49質量%(第二相の析出量:0.52体積%)の本発明例No.1では、摩擦係数の変化が2400秒経過した時点から摩擦係数が変化した。この対比から、Cuを主体とする第二相の析出により、摩擦係数の変化点が長時間側に改善されていることが確認される。また、多量のCuを添加した本発明例No.4では、3600秒の摩擦磨耗試験中に摩擦係数の異常な変化が検出されなかった。以上の結果から、Cuを1.0〜7.5質量%添加したFe−Cr−Ni−Cu合金は、マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼SUS420J2に比較して摩擦係数が安定した値で推移し、マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼SUS420J2や比較例No.2よりも優れた摩擦特性を呈することが判った。
【0019】
一般のマイルドな雨水環境では、比較例No.1やねずみ鋳鉄にみられるように、Cr含有量が4質量%を下回ると腐食が極端に激しく、防食処理や環境の改善が必要であった。この種の腐食は、本発明例No.1のように6.21質量%のCr含有量になると軽減し、耐食性が向上していた。更にCr含有量が10質量%を超える本発明例No.2〜5は、腐食の発生がなく、十分な耐食性をもっていた。
本発明例No.1〜5のビッカース硬さは、マルテンサイト量が最も少ないNo.3においても260HVであり、ねずみ鋳鉄の硬さ170HVに比較して約1.5倍の強度であった。また、マルテンサイト量100%の本発明例No.4は、ねずみ鋳鉄の約3倍に当る260HVの硬さをもち、板厚で半分以上の軽量化が可能といえる。
本発明例No.1〜5は、鍛造・熱延で作り込み焼入れしたままの状態で20J/cm2以上の高い衝撃値を示した。この衝撃値をねずみ鋳鉄の衝撃値5J/cm2と比較することから明らかなように、本発明例No.1〜5のロータ材は、ねずみ鋳鉄製ロータ材との対比で靭性が格段に優れたロータ材である。
【0020】
【0021】
【発明の効果】
以上に説明したように、本発明のFe−Cr−Ni−Cu合金は、Fe,Cr,Niを主成分とするマトリックスにCuを主体とする第二相を微細分散させることにより熱伝導度を向上させ、第二相自体が自己潤滑作用を呈することと相俟って、相手材に長時間摺擦される条件下でも安定した摩擦係数を維持する。そのため、ディスクブレーキ等の制御差動時に安定した摩擦特性を示し、制動過程や制動操作をねずみ鋳鉄製摺動材と同様に安全且つ円滑に行うことができる。また、鍛造、熱延を施すことで靭性に優れ、Cr添加によって優れた耐食性が付与される。更には、熱処理で生成するマルテンサイト量を調整することにより、必要強度も付与されるため、ねずみ鋳鉄製に比較して摺動部材の軽量化も図られる。このような長所を活用し、自動車や自動二輪車のブレーキ用ロータ材を初めとし、各種産業機器の速度制御装置,制動装置等に組み込まれる軽量で耐食性に優れた摺動部材が提供される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼SUS420J2とねずみ鋳鉄の摩擦係数の経時変化を対比したグラフ
【図2】 Cuを主体とする第二相を析出させたFe−Cr−Ni−Cu合金とねずみ鋳鉄の摩擦係数の経時変化を対比したグラフ
【図3】 焼入れ・焼戻しによって生成したマルテンサイト量がFe−Cr−Ni−Cu合金の硬さに及ぼす影響を表したグラフ[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to an Fe—Cr—Ni—Cu alloy suitable as a sliding member for a disc brake rotor material, disc material and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
With the development of industry, demands for higher speed and higher efficiency are increasing in all fields, and equipment improvement and material development corresponding to higher speed are being promoted. High-speed operation is possible by speeding up the equipment, but the load on the braking system required for speed control during operation and stoppage increases. As a result, higher quality is required for the rotor material of the disc brake, and higher quality is also required for the portion that contacts the sliding member. The required characteristics in each part include a stable coefficient of friction and corrosion resistance. Moreover, in order to meet the demand for materials that can cope with higher speeds, the development of radical new materials is urgently needed.
[0003]
For example, most of the disk brakes for vehicle transport equipment, electric transport equipment, etc. use cast iron discs. However, cast iron discs are heavy and the size of the entire equipment cannot be avoided. Cast iron disks are a bottleneck in saving energy consumption. For this reason, various attempts have been made to reduce the weight of the disc, but no material that surpasses the cast iron disc has been put into practical use in terms of required characteristics and cost as a brake component.
High-carbon cast iron such as gray cast iron is also used for disc brakes for automobiles. This type of cast iron has a structure in which a large amount of carbon is dispersed in a matrix as graphite, and exhibits relatively stable friction characteristics regardless of environmental changes such as temperature and humidity. In addition, since thermal conductivity is good and frictional heat is dispersed, it has an effect of relaxing strain deformation caused by a local temperature rise, and exhibits characteristics not found in other material systems.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, gray cast iron or the like is a material that is extremely difficult to plastically process because of its low impact value and low ductility. Therefore, when manufacturing the brake disk, press working cannot be employed, and a casting method in which a mold is manufactured and cast for each individual product must be used. Moreover, in a humid environment, there is a fatal defect that corrodes in a short time and generates red rust. Furthermore, since the material is difficult to increase in strength, the strength of the member is improved by increasing the thickness while sacrificing weight reduction.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been devised to solve such a problem, and uses a Fe-Cr-Ni-Cu alloy in which a second phase mainly composed of Cu is finely dispersed instead of gray cast iron. Fe-Cr- for sliding members with excellent corrosion resistance and toughness compared to gray cast iron, suitable for high speed and high efficiency with light weight by thinning due to high strength, and stable friction characteristics It aims at providing a Ni-Cu alloy.
[0006]
In order to achieve the object, the Fe—Cr—Ni—Cu alloy for sliding members of the present invention has C: 0.20 mass% or less, Cr: 4-20 mass%, Ni: 0.1-5.0. Cu: 2.91 to 7.5% by mass, with a balance of Fe and inevitable impurities , and a second phase mainly composed of Cu is finely dispersed in a ferrite phase matrix containing martensite. It is characterized by being. The second phase mainly composed of Cu is preferably finely dispersed with a precipitation amount of 0.2% by volume or more. When the amount of martensite in the matrix is adjusted by heat treatment such as quenching, the strength according to the required characteristics can be imparted to the Fe—Cr—Ni—Cu alloy.
[0007]
[Action]
In order to obtain a high strength and stable friction coefficient, the present inventors used martensitic stainless steel SUS420J2 and compared the time-dependent change of the friction coefficient with gray cast iron. As seen in the survey results in Fig. 1, the martensitic stainless steel SUS420J2 showed a friction coefficient equivalent to that of gray cast iron at the initial stage of the test, but the friction coefficient increased with time and abnormal noise was generated. . In addition, the friction coefficient suddenly increased when a certain period of time passed, and a seizure phenomenon occurred. On the other hand, the coefficient of friction did not substantially increase in gray cast iron.
[0008]
In order to elucidate the cause of the stable friction coefficient of gray cast iron, the behavior of gray cast iron on the friction surface was examined. Gray cast iron maintains a stable coefficient of friction because a large amount of spheroidal graphite dispersed and precipitated in the matrix effectively acts on the lubricity and thermal diffusibility of the friction surface. However, the required amount of graphite crystallization requires a C content of at least 3% by mass, which causes a significant decrease in toughness. When a large amount of C is contained, Cr added as an element for improving corrosion resistance is consumed as Cr carbide, and the effect of improving corrosion resistance by adding Cr is impaired.
[0009]
Therefore, the present inventors investigated and examined elements or precipitates that replace spheroidal graphite. As a result, when adding Cu to molten steel in the steelmaking stage and precipitating a second phase mainly composed of Cu on the matrix and steel surface, the friction coefficient is stabilized in the same way as spherical graphite without deteriorating corrosion resistance and toughness. It has been found that a steel material obtained can be obtained. In fact, the steel material in which the second phase mainly composed of Cu is dispersed and precipitated has a stable coefficient of friction as in gray cast iron as shown in FIG. 2, and the seizure seen in martensitic stainless steel SUS420J2 is There was nothing.
The reason why stabilization of the friction coefficient and prevention of seizure are achieved by the dispersion precipitation of the second phase mainly composed of Cu is not clear, but the thermal diffusivity is low because a heat flow path is formed through the precipitated second phase. This is considered to be due to the fact that the second phase itself exhibited self-lubricating properties. In any case, the present inventors have found that a stable friction coefficient is maintained by precipitation of the second phase mainly composed of Cu, and there is no abnormal temperature rise.
[0010]
The Fe—Cr—Ni—Cu alloy is increased in strength by being martensite by heat treatment such as quenching. As shown in FIG. 3, the Fe—Cr—Ni—Cu alloy becomes harder and stronger as the amount of martensite increases. Therefore, the intensity | strength according to a required characteristic is provided by adjusting the amount of martensite. For example, when an amount of martensite of 20% or more is generated in the matrix, the strength is 1.3 times or more as compared with Fe—Cr—Ni—Cu alloy or gray cast iron in which martensite is not generated. Therefore, the plate thickness can be reduced by the strength improvement compared to the gray cast iron member, and the weight can be reduced.
[0011]
The Fe—Cr—Ni—Cu alloy of the present invention contains 4 to 20% by mass of Cr in order to ensure corrosion resistance higher than that of gray cast iron. Corrosion resistance in a general mild atmospheric environment becomes remarkable when Cr content is 4% by mass or more, but Cr content of 10% by mass or more is preferable in an environment exposed to sea salt particles or acid rain. However, when an excessive amount of Cr exceeding 20% by mass is contained, a sufficient amount of martensite cannot be obtained even by a heat treatment such as quenching, and the manufacturing cost increases due to a decrease in ductility and the like.
Cr, which is an element for improving corrosion resistance, is consumed as chromium carbide produced by quenching and tempering, and the required corrosion resistance may not be obtained. The decrease in corrosion resistance due to the formation of chromium carbide is suppressed by regulating the C content to 0.20% by weight or less. A C content of 0.20% by weight or less is also effective in securing the workability of the Fe—Cr—Ni—Cu alloy.
[0012]
Ni is an alloy component that is effective in adjusting the amount of martensite produced by quenching and tempering, and also exhibits an effect of improving toughness. Such actions and effects become remarkable when Ni is 0.1% by mass or more, and the toughness of the quenched martensite is improved as the amount of Ni is increased. However, if an excessive amount of Ni exceeding 5.0% by mass is contained, austenite is generated and remains depending on the heat treatment method, and the strength is lowered. An excessive amount of Ni addition is not preferable because it leads to an increase in material cost. Cu is an alloy component necessary for precipitating a second phase effective for developing stable friction characteristics. For stable precipitation of the second phase, it is necessary to add at least 2.91 % by mass of Cu. However, excessive addition of Cu causes high temperature embrittlement, so the upper limit of Cu content was set to 7.5% by mass.
[0013]
Fe-Cr-Ni-Cu alloy with the above basic component system, 3 mass% or less Mo effective for high corrosion resistance, 0.01 mass% or less B effective for improving high temperature toughness, high temperature oxidation resistance Effective 3% by mass or less of Al can be added as necessary. Further, regarding impurities mixed from the production, it is preferable to regulate P to 0.05 mass% or less, S to 0.01 mass% or less, Si to 3 mass% or less, and Mn to 3 mass% or less, These components can be added in excess of the individual upper limit in order to obtain machinability and high temperature strength.
[0014]
【Example】
An Fe—Cr—Ni—Cu alloy having the composition shown in Table 1 was melted in accordance with a conventional method and cast into an ingot. Each ingot was hot forged, then finished into a hot bar by hot rolling, and further subjected to heat treatment to cut into a disc brake rotor material. A test piece was cut out from the produced rotor material, analyzed for components, the amount of precipitation of the second phase mainly composed of Cu was measured, and the structure after heat treatment was observed.
The amount of precipitation of the second phase was determined by observing a thin film produced by ion milling the test piece with a transmission electron microscope and confirming that the precipitate was a second phase mainly composed of Cu by EDX analysis. The area of the precipitate was calculated from the observation photograph of the transmission electron microscope, and the volume ratio was obtained by multiplying by the thickness of the thin film.
As for the structure after the heat treatment, the mirror-polished surface of the test piece was chemically etched, and ferrite and martensite were determined separately by microscopic observation.
The investigation results are shown in Table 1 together with the composition of the Fe—Cr—Ni—Cu alloy.
[0015]
[0016]
Next, the friction characteristics, corrosion resistance, and mechanical characteristics of each rotor material were investigated under the following test conditions.
[Friction test]
Using a pin-on-disk type frictional wear tester, a commercially available car disk pad was cut into a 10 mm square and set on the pin side, and the rotor materials listed in Table 1 were set on the disk side. A test load of 400 N was applied, the friction speed on the friction surface was set to 2 m / second, and the rotor material was slid on the disk pad for a long time. Under this test condition, the time until the friction coefficient as seen in martensitic stainless steel SUS420J2 changed rapidly was determined. And compared with the time to the change point (2000 seconds) of martensitic stainless steel SUS420J2, the friction point was evaluated by setting the change point of the friction coefficient to be longer than that of martensitic stainless steel SUS420J2, and × to be shorter. .
[0017]
[Corrosion test]
Assuming corrosion by rainwater, after spraying tap water to the test piece for 72 hours, the surface of the test piece is observed, ○ if no rust is detected, △ if rust is detected slightly, copious rust Corrosion resistance was evaluated by assuming that x was generated.
(Mechanical properties)
While measuring the Vickers hardness of each rotor material, the impact value was measured by the Charpy impact test. The strength was evaluated with a Vickers hardness of gray cast iron exceeding 170 HV as ◯ and 170HV or less as X. Further, the toughness was evaluated by setting the impact value of the cast iron exceeding the impact value of 5 J / cm 2 to ○ and 5 J / cm 2 or less to x.
[0018]
The survey results are shown in Table 2.
In the case of comparative example No. 2 in which the Cu-free martensitic stainless steel SUS420J2 and the amount of Cu addition are insufficient, stable friction characteristics cannot be obtained, and an abnormal change in the coefficient of friction is observed after 1850 seconds have elapsed since the start of the friction wear test. Was detected. On the other hand, in the present invention example No. 1 with Cu: 1.49% by mass (precipitation amount of the second phase: 0.52% by volume), the friction coefficient changed from the time when the change of the friction coefficient passed 2400 seconds. . From this comparison, it is confirmed that the change point of the friction coefficient is improved to the long time side by precipitation of the second phase mainly composed of Cu. In addition, in Invention Example No. 4 to which a large amount of Cu was added, no abnormal change in the friction coefficient was detected during the frictional wear test of 3600 seconds. From the above results, the Fe—Cr—Ni—Cu alloy added with 1.0 to 7.5% by mass of Cu has a stable coefficient of friction compared to martensitic stainless steel SUS420J2, and martensite. It was found that the friction characteristics superior to the stainless steel SUS420J2 and Comparative Example No. 2 were exhibited.
[0019]
In a general mild rainwater environment, as seen in Comparative Example No. 1 and gray cast iron, when the Cr content was less than 4% by mass, corrosion was extremely severe, and anticorrosion treatment and environmental improvement were required. This kind of corrosion was reduced when the Cr content was 6.21 % by mass as in Example No. 1, and the corrosion resistance was improved. Further, Invention Examples Nos. 2 to 5 having a Cr content exceeding 10% by mass did not cause corrosion and had sufficient corrosion resistance.
The Vickers hardness of Invention Examples No. 1 to No. 5 was 260 HV even in No. 3 with the smallest amount of martensite, which was about 1.5 times the strength of the gray cast iron hardness of 170 HV. Further, Invention Example No. 4 having a martensite amount of 100% has a hardness of 260 HV, which is about three times that of gray cast iron, and it can be said that the weight can be reduced by more than half by the plate thickness.
Invention Example Nos. 1 to 5 showed a high impact value of 20 J / cm 2 or more in a state of being made and quenched by forging and hot rolling. As is apparent from comparing this impact value with the impact value of gray cast iron of 5 J / cm 2 , the rotor materials of the inventive examples No. 1 to No. 5 have much better toughness in comparison with the gray cast iron rotor material. Rotor material.
[0020]
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the Fe—Cr—Ni—Cu alloy of the present invention has a thermal conductivity obtained by finely dispersing a second phase mainly composed of Cu in a matrix mainly composed of Fe, Cr, and Ni. In combination with the fact that the second phase itself exhibits a self-lubricating action, a stable friction coefficient is maintained even under the condition of being rubbed against the counterpart material for a long time. Therefore, it exhibits stable friction characteristics at the time of control differential such as a disc brake, and the braking process and the braking operation can be performed safely and smoothly like the gray cast iron sliding material. Moreover, it is excellent in toughness by performing forging and hot rolling, and excellent corrosion resistance is imparted by adding Cr. Furthermore, since necessary strength is also provided by adjusting the amount of martensite generated by heat treatment, the weight of the sliding member can be reduced as compared with that made of gray cast iron. Utilizing such advantages, a lightweight and highly corrosion-resistant sliding member incorporated in a speed control device, a braking device and the like of various industrial equipment including a brake rotor material for automobiles and motorcycles is provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
Fig. 1 Graph comparing friction coefficient of martensitic stainless steel SUS420J2 and gray cast iron over time. Fig. 2 Fe-Cr-Ni-Cu alloy and Cu cast iron in which a second phase mainly composed of Cu is precipitated. A graph showing the effect of martensite produced by quenching and tempering on the hardness of Fe-Cr-Ni-Cu alloys
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| JP5096130B2 (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2012-12-12 | 日立粉末冶金株式会社 | Iron-based sintered alloy for sliding members |
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| JP4297559B2 (en) * | 1999-06-22 | 2009-07-15 | 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 | Martensitic stainless steel for disc brakes |
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