JP4699771B2 - Nursery soil for machine-planting - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a seedling culture soil for mechanical planting.

  Liliaceae crops such as leeks and onions have few roots and root hairs, and the root pots of seedlings tend to collapse, making mechanical planting difficult. For this reason, various ideas for preventing the disintegration property of the seedling culture soil and improving the caking property and the sticking property of the root pot have been proposed.

  Various diatomaceous earths have been studied and used as a material for raising seedlings. Diatomaceous earth has a porous structure, which absorbs and releases moisture, but its moisture conditioning and breathability is superior to other porous materials and has a good seedling-raising effect. It was. However, diatomaceous earth itself has no solidification property and it was difficult to use it in the scene of mechanical planting.

  Diatomaceous earth has been used as a coating wall material in recent years from the viewpoint of humidity control, but it does not harden by itself. The painted wall material is mixed and solidified with a solidifying material such as clay or polymer material. However, in the seedling culture soil, the cohesiveness of the coated wall material, on the contrary, inhibits healthy seedling growth (especially root elongation). In addition, conventional clay-based and polymer-based solidified soils have a “hard and brittle” property that collapses as soon as a certain load is exceeded.

  Conventionally, as a seedling cultivation soil using diatomaceous earth, Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Sho 50-40323) discloses a granular artificial soil composed of sawdust compost, mineral powder and non-adhesive mineral or plant material. No. 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Sho 58-16612) discloses a granular soil having an adherent layer containing a silicic acid-containing substance on the grain surface of a granular molded product mainly composed of a soil mineral substance. No. 1) is a nursery bed in which baked diatomaceous earth is mixed with soil, and Patent Document 4 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-9083) is a seedling raising soil in which a powder having a compressibility of 20% or more is mixed with a cultured soil. Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 11-256160 proposes soils in which a soil permeation agent in which a surfactant is attached to a carrier composed of a porous material and a non-porous material is added. Moreover, as a soil with improved caking properties, Patent Literature 6 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-171831) discloses a soil containing montmorillonite that enhances caking properties, and zeolite with bentonite added to supplement it. Has been. This soil has a fine particle size, improved root pot holding power, and water permeability is improved by a surfactant. However, when it is in an excessively humid state, it becomes a gel or sol and prevents oxygen supply to the roots. Furthermore, it is difficult to adjust the moisture before machine planting due to poor water absorption, and it is necessary to pay attention to moisture adjustment from the previous day or two days before. Furthermore, when using a secondary material having a large particle size, there has been a problem that the root pot holding power is reduced.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 50-40323 JP 58-16612 A JP-A-6-62656 JP-A-11-9083 JP-A-11-256160 JP 2002-171831 A

  The problem of the present invention is that it has the ability to retain root pots necessary for mechanical planting (i.e., the degree of root pot disintegration is low) .If watering is performed immediately before planting, water absorption is fast, and work is simple and efficient. It is to be able to make a fixed planting. Another objective is to provide a healthy seedling environment for crops, with a wide range of adaptability to select secondary materials from those with large particle sizes.

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have conducted extensive studies, and as a result, the root pots are sufficient for planting and planting with a good seedling effect by making a seedling culture soil mixed with diatomaceous earth powder and fine-grained zeolite. In order to complete the present invention, it has been found that by adding sub-materials with various characteristics, it has excellent air permeability and water retention, and can easily adjust moisture before mechanical planting. It came.

  That is, this invention relates to the seedling culture soil for mechanical planting characterized by including diatomaceous earth powder and a fine-grained zeolite. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a seedling culture soil for machine-planting, characterized in that it contains diatomaceous earth powder, fine-grained zeolite and auxiliary materials.

  In the seedling culture soil for mechanical planting, the preferred blending ratio of diatomaceous earth powder and fine-grained zeolite is 10-30% for the former and 20-50% for the latter. The particle size of the fine zeolite is preferably 2.0 mm or less, and particularly preferably 1.0 mm or less. Furthermore, as said auxiliary material, 1 type, or 2 or more types of materials selected from granular red soil, Kanuma soil, peat moss, coco pate, vermiculite, perlite, and charcoal are mentioned.

  The seedling culture soil for machined planting of the present invention provides a healthy growth environment for seedlings even when the amount of fertilizer is low, and provides a healthy growth environment for the seedlings. Has a characteristic "root pot holding power". Therefore, mechanical planting is possible without hindering the growth of seedlings with few roots and root hairs, and root pots are likely to collapse, and a healthy growth environment can be provided throughout the planting period and after planting in a wide range of crops. Furthermore, by adding sub-materials with various characteristics, particle size, particle size, etc., it is excellent in air permeability and water retention without lowering root pot holding power, making it easy to adjust moisture before planting did it.

  Hereinafter, the seedling culture soil for machine-planting of the present invention will be described in detail. In addition, in this specification,% means the weight% with respect to the whole seedling culture soil unless otherwise indicated.

  The seedling culture soil for mechanical planting of the present invention is mainly composed of diatomaceous earth powder and fine-grained zeolite.

Diatomaceous earth is a siliceous deposit made from the remains of diatom, a single-celled sow, usually mixed with clay, volcanic ash, and organic matter. The majority is SiO _2. The size of diatom is not uniform, but it is usually about 25μm, and many holes can be confirmed under a microscope. There are fired diatomite that has been fired and unfired diatomite that has not been fired.

  As the diatomaceous earth used in the present invention, any powdered diatomaceous earth can be used. However, it is preferable to use an unfired diatomaceous earth powder. The effect of sex etc. is high.

  The blending amount of the diatomaceous earth powder is preferably 10 to 30%, particularly preferably 15 to 25%. If it is in this range, the holding power of the root pot that can withstand the impact during mechanical planting will be demonstrated. If it is less than these ranges, it will be insufficient for holding root pots, and if it is too large, the effects of the secondary material (water permeability, water retention, etc.) will be lost when the secondary material is added.

  Zeolite is a silicate mineral produced by the alteration of the volcanic glass in the volcanic ash deposited on the sea floor due to volcanic activity that occurred in the Neogene about 20 million years ago. It is a general term for a series of minerals called. The zeolite used in the present invention is a fine-grained zeolite obtained by crushing tuff mainly composed of zeolites and processed into a fine granule, and a small amount of montmorillonite, quartz, feldspar and the like are mixed in addition to the main components. Of these components, montmorillonite contributes to the holding power of the root pot. In addition, the cation exchange capacity (CEC) is very high, and it has excellent fertilizer capacity compared to soil and bentonite. The particle size of the zeolite used in the present invention is preferably 2.0 mm or less because the root pot holding power is insufficient if it is 2.0 mm or more. Furthermore, 1.0 mm or less is particularly preferable.

  The blending amount of the fine-grained zeolite is preferably 20 to 50%, particularly preferably 30 to 40%. If it is less than these ranges, the holding power of the root pot is insufficient, and if it is more than these ranges, the effects (water permeability, water retention, etc.) of the auxiliary materials are lost when the auxiliary materials are added.

  In addition to diatomaceous earth and zeolite, a large number of secondary materials having various sizes of voids can also be contained. By containing a porous material such as pearlite, a layered material such as vermiculite, a fiber material such as peat moss and coco pate, and a granular material such as granular red soil, large and small voids are retained, Improves breathability of seedling culture soil. Moreover, such a subsidiary material contributes to the water permeability improvement of the seedling culture soil if it uses together with surfactant. In addition, it is possible to contain any of those commonly used as raw materials for cultivating soil, such as rice straw, sawdust and mulch, without reducing the root pot holding power.

  The amount of the auxiliary material is 10 to 20% for fibrous materials such as peat moss and coco pate, 5 to 10% for layered materials such as vermiculite, and 10 to 20 for aggregated particles such as granular red soil. %, And a porous material such as pearlite is preferably 5 to 10%.

  In the production of the seedling culture soil for mechanical planting of the present invention, diatomaceous earth powder, fine-grained zeolite and water are mixed and stirred. Add water so that the water content is in the range of 25-35% of the entire soil. Stirring can be performed by any method such as stirring by a machine such as a mixer or a kneader or manual stirring.

  Further, auxiliary materials can be added, mixed and stirred. Furthermore, a surfactant can be added and mixed and stirred. At this time, stirring is performed while gradually adding an aqueous solution of a surfactant. In addition, a fertilizer can be added and mixed and stirred, and further, a pH adjusting agent can be mixed and stirred in order to obtain an optimum pH for the target crop.

  The raw materials listed here can be added and mixed in the above order, and can be stirred. However, as long as sufficient stirring is performed, any order or simultaneous addition and mixing, It can be carried out.

  The seedling culture soil for machine fixed planting according to the present invention is not only suitable for paper tube seedling containers but also has the characteristics of holding root pots as “hard and brittle” as in the past, and “elastic strength”. It has the advantage that it can be easily removed from the cell even when transplanted from a typical cell tray, and can be applied to any seedling container.

  The seedling culture soil for machine-planting according to the present invention is applicable to any crops such as spinach, honey bees, lettuce, salad vegetables, green beans, green beans, broccoli, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, chrysanthemum, long leek, leaf leek, leek and onion. be able to. Especially in the case of crops with few roots and root hair such as leeks and onions, water management is easier than conventional seedling culture soil for mechanical planting. Therefore, planting work with good workability becomes possible.

  Even after planting, the root pot (rhizosphere environment) at the time of seedling is transferred as it is, so that healthy growth of the crop is promoted.

[Experiment 1]
[Investigation of relationship between zeolite particle size difference and block retention]
As shown in Table 1, 30% of each zeolite with a particle size of 1.0mm or less, 1.0-2.0mm, 2.0-3.0mm, diatomaceous earth powder 15%, granular red soil 15%, peat moss 15%, coco pate 15%, and Place the soil mixed with vermiculite 10% and stir in a 3x3x3cm cell tray, water it until it is completely covered with water, and dry it at 60 ° C for 24 hours with a dryer. The holding power of the block) was evaluated.

  The block holding force was evaluated by using a powder / granule property measuring instrument (manufactured by Tsutsui Riken Kikai Co., Ltd.), and gradually applying the weight and reading the weight when the block started to collapse.

  As a comparative example, general horticultural soil (a mixture of granular red clay, peat moss, coco pate, zeolite 1.0 to 2.0 mm, and vermiculite, not including diatomaceous earth) was evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1. Table 1 shows the average value of 5 cells evaluated in each section.

  The general horticulture soil of the comparative example was in a state in which the root pot collapsed easily, and had a block (root pot) holding power to the extent that the root pot portion collapsed during mechanical transplantation and normal transplantation was impossible. On the other hand, in Experimental example 1, the result which fully hold | maintained a root pot was obtained in the culture medium containing a zeolite with a particle size of 1.0 mm or less and 1.0-2.0 mm. As a result, a block holding force of 600 g or more is required for good machine transplantation, and the soil containing diatomaceous earth is found to satisfy this condition if it contains zeolite with a particle size of 1.0 mm or less and 1.0 to 2.0 mm. It was.

[Experiment 2]
[Investigation of relationship between blending amount of diatomaceous earth powder and fine zeolite and block retention]
As shown in Table 2, the cultivated soil in which the amount of diatomaceous earth powder and fine zeolite having a particle diameter of 1 mm or less was set in various amounts and mixed with the auxiliary material was evaluated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1.

  As a comparative example, the general horticulture soil of Experimental Example 1 was evaluated in the same manner as Experimental Example 1. Table 2 shows the average value of 5 cells evaluated in each section.

  As in Experiment 1, the block (root pot) holding power that allows good mechanical planting is 600g or more, and this condition is satisfied if the soil contains 10% or more of diatomaceous earth powder and 20% or more of fine-grained zeolite. all right. However, while having a good block retention, when the amount of these materials (diatomaceous earth powder 35% or more, fine zeolite 60% or more) is large, the water permeability becomes poor. Thereby, the effects (water permeability, water retention, etc.) of the auxiliary material are lost, which is not preferable.

  From the above results, it was found that it is preferable that the blending amount of diatomaceous earth powder is 10 to 30% and the blending amount of fine-grained zeolite is 20 to 50% in the soil for mechanical planting of the present invention. Moreover, it turned out that it is the diatomaceous earth powder 15-25% and the fine-grained zeolite 30-40% as the best compounding quantity.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically by way of examples. However, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples.

[Example 1]
[Evaluation of spinach seedling growth state and root pot decay rate]
The blending ratio of each raw material of the soil for spinach seedling test was as follows.
<14% diatomaceous earth powder, 34% fine-grained zeolite, 14% granular red clay, 12% peat moss, 12% coco pate, 5% vermiculite, 7% calcium carbonate (for pH adjustment)>
Fertilizer was added to 180 mg of nitrogen, 720 mg of phosphoric acid, and 200 mg of potassium per liter of culture soil, and the surfactant was watered after mixing the anionic 180 ppm aqueous solution with soil to 29%.

  The “fine zeolite” refers to a fine zeolite having a particle size of 2.0 mm or less.

  This was placed in a paper tube seedling container (Chain Pot (TM) BP-303: Nippon Sugar Cane Sugar Co., Ltd.), and spinach seeds (variety: Atlas) were sown so as to be 2 grains / pot. The seedlings were grown for 20 days in a glass greenhouse at 20 ° C., and the seedling growth state and the root pot decay rate were evaluated. During seedling, 1.5 L of irrigation was performed per seedling box per day. However, on the day of the survey, 1 L of irrigation per seedling box was performed immediately before the survey.

  In Table 3, fertilizer components per seedling box in Example 1 are shown in g / box. Regarding the seedling growth state, average 10 pots (20 strains) of seedling growth in the seedling box are selected, and germination rate ( %), Plant height (cm), above-ground fresh weight (g), and root fresh weight (g) were measured, and average values were obtained for each section. For the root pot decay rate, remove the seedlings of 10 root pots that were selected in the same way, measure the weight, and measure the weight of the parts that collapsed when each root pot was dropped from 30 cm onto an iron plate. The ratio to the root pot weight before dropping was taken as the root pot collapse rate.

  As a comparative example, while raising seedling soil for machine-planting disclosed in Patent Document 6 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-171831) (Manufacturing method: While mixing pelite 5 to 20% with 10 to 30% peat moss well blended with water) Add a water-repellent inhibitor, which is a mixture of a surfactant solution and a porous material, and mix it with 30-60% zeolite, and then mix it with fertilizer and bentonite 5-20%. In the future, this soil will be used as a control soil. Short-term and long-term soil will be marketed.) Short-term and general horticultural soil of Experimental Example 1 will be seeded with spinach as in Example 1. -Raised seedlings for 20 days, and evaluated the seedling growth state and root pot collapse rate. The results are also shown in Table 3.

  From the results of Table 3, it can be seen that the soil of Example 1 has a good growth state of seedlings and a low disintegration rate and is less likely to collapse than the control soil and the general horticultural soil.

[Example 2]
[Evaluation of seedling growth state and root pot decay rate of green beans]
The mixing ratio of each raw material of the soil to be used for the green soybean seedling test was as follows.
<12% diatomaceous earth powder, 35% fine-grained zeolite, 15% granular red clay, 13% peat moss, 12% coco pate, 5% vermiculite, 6% calcium carbonate (for pH adjustment)>
Fertilizer was added to 180 mg of nitrogen, 720 mg of phosphoric acid, and 200 mg of potassium per liter of soil, and the surfactant was watered after mixing the soil with an anionic 200 ppm aqueous solution to make the soil moisture 31%.

  The “fine zeolite” refers to a fine zeolite having a particle size of 2.0 mm or less.

  This was placed in a paper tube seedling container (Chain Pot (TM) BP-353: manufactured by Nippon Sugar Sugar Co., Ltd.), and soybean seeds (variety: swan) were sown so as to be 1 grain / pot. This was grown in a glass greenhouse at 20 ° C. for 20 days, and the seedling growth state and root pot decay rate were evaluated. During seedling, 1.5 L of irrigation was performed per seedling box per day. However, on the day of the survey, 1 L of irrigation per seedling box was performed immediately before the survey.

  Table 4 shows the fertilizer components per seedling box in Example 2 in g / box, and the seedling growth state and root pot collapse rate were evaluated in the same manner as for spinach. As a comparative example, the control soil (for short-term use) and the general horticultural soil of Experimental Example 1 were seeded with green soybeans and grown for 20 days in the same manner as in Example 2, and the seedling growth state and root pot collapse rate were evaluated. The results are also shown in Table 4.

  From the results shown in Table 4, it can be seen that the soil of Example 2 has a good growth state of the seedlings even when the fertilizer content is small, and the decay rate is low and the root pot is not easily broken compared to the control soil and the general horticulture soil.

[Example 3]
[Evaluation of seedling growth condition and root pot decay rate of long leek]
The blending ratio of each raw material of the soil used for the seedling test of the long leek was as follows.
<16% diatomaceous earth powder, 30% fine-grained zeolite, 18% granular red clay, 12% peat moss, 11% coco pate, 5% vermiculite, 6% calcium carbonate (for pH adjustment)>
Fertilizer was added so that 710 mg of nitrogen, 1400 mg of phosphoric acid and 200 mg of potassium per liter of soil were added, and the surfactant was watered after mixing the anionic 200 ppm aqueous solution and the soil water was adjusted to 28%.

  The “fine zeolite” refers to a fine zeolite having a particle size of 2.0 mm or less.

  This was put in a paper tube seedling container (Chain Pot (TM) BP-303: Nippon Sugar Cane Sugar Co., Ltd.), and long leek seeds (variety: Ishikura Ichigo onion) were sown so as to be 3 grains / pot. This was grown in a glass greenhouse at 20 ° C. for 20 days, and the seedling growth state and root pot decay rate were evaluated. During seedling, 1.5 L of irrigation was performed per seedling box per day. However, on the day of the survey, 1 L of irrigation per seedling box was performed immediately before the survey.

  Table 5 shows the fertilizer components per seedling box in Example 3 in g / box, and the seedling growth state and root pot decay rate were evaluated in the same manner as for spinach. As comparative examples, control soil (for long-term use) and general onion soil (granular red soil, peat moss, coco pate, zeolite 1.0-2.0 mm, and vermiculite are mixed and do not contain diatomaceous earth) are the same as in Example 3. The seedling was grown for 20 days, and the seedling growth state and the root pot decay rate were evaluated. The results are also shown in Table 5.

  From the results shown in Table 5, it can be seen that the soil of Example 3 has a good growth state of seedlings and a low disintegration rate and is less likely to collapse than the control soil and the soil for general leek.

  From Examples 1 to 3, the seedling culture for machine-planting of the present invention has the characteristics that the root pot, which is the original purpose, is hard to break, and at the same time, the growth state of the seedling is good even with a small amount of fertilizer, and various crops. It can be seen that this is a soil that can provide a healthy seedling environment.

  By the seedling culture for machine-planting according to the present invention, sufficient rooting of machine-planted plants after seedling of crops such as leeks and onions and other lily family crops, such as the number of roots and root hairs, and the root pots of seedlings are liable to collapse. This can be done while maintaining the pot strength. In addition, it is excellent in air permeability and water retention, can easily adjust moisture before mechanical planting, and can be effectively applied to any seedling of any crop.

Claims (4)

A seedling cultivation soil for mechanical planting characterized by using diatomaceous earth powder 10 to 30%, fine zeolite 20 to 50%, granular red clay, peat moss, coco pate, vermiculite, pH adjuster and anionic surfactant as raw materials . Claim 1, wherein the mechanical planting for nursery soil of fine zeolite characterized in that it is a less zeolite particle size 2.0 mm. After mixing diatomaceous earth powder 10-30%, fine-grained zeolite 20-50%, granular red clay, peat moss, coco pate, vermiculite and pH adjuster, anionic surfactant aqueous solution is added so that the water content becomes 25-35% The manufacturing method of the seedling culture soil for machine fixed planting characterized by adjusting. 4. The method for producing seedling culture soil for mechanical planting according to claim 3, wherein the fine zeolite is a zeolite having a particle size of 2.0 mm or less.