JP2002171831A - Seedling cultivation for mechanical planting - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide seedling-raising culture soil free from disturbing the growth and spreading of roots during the raising of seedlings, further capable of performing easy mechanical plantation, and having excellent workability in factory production and soil packing work by an automatic seeding machine. SOLUTION: The seedling-raising soil for mechanical plantation contains 30-60% natural zeolite, <=30% bentonite, <=20% auxiliary materials and 50-200 ppm of a surfactant, and its water content is <=25%. It is preferable that the surfactant is added in a state where it is supported on a carrier having a porous structure such as peat moss, perlite, vermiculite, coconut fiber or banana fiber.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a seedling cultivation soil for machine planting, and more particularly to a seedling cultivation soil suitable for lily crops such as onions.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Lily crops such as onions are
Compared to other crops, the root volume is small and the form is straight-rooted, so that the root pot of the seedling is liable to collapse and mechanical planting is difficult. For this reason, various proposals have been made to prevent the collapse of seedling cultivation soil and enhance the solidification and adhesiveness of the root pot.

[0003] For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-322752 describes a cultivated soil in which a montmorillonite material is added as a binder and alginic acid is added as a glue. However, conventional seedling cultivation using such an organic compound glue or caking agent has too strong a caking force to hinder root elongation and may adversely affect growth. On the other hand, a seedling cultivation soil in which 30% or more of bentonite is added to the soil without using an organic compound and then granulated has been proposed (JP-A-6-19).
No. 7627), cultivation soil containing a relatively large amount of bentonite becomes hard during cultivation of seedlings, and tends to cause poor germination and rooting trouble.

[0004] Further, a soil for mechanical planting is proposed in which a smectite-based mineral is added to a material having a high porosity, such as zeolite, peat moss, and vermiculite, having a high porosity of 30% or less to enhance solidification and growth. (JP 2000
-139203).

[0005] However, a material that repels water, such as peat moss, tends to repel water when it dries, which tends to hinder the seeding operation. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the hydrophilicity by adding a relatively large amount of water in advance. There is a problem that the machine is liable to stick when filling with soil. In addition, if the soil containing montmorillonite is solidified by drying during the raising of seedlings, it is difficult for water to permeate the entire soil to be irrigated again at the time of watering.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a seedling cultivation soil capable of easily performing mechanical planting without hindering the growth and elongation of roots during seedling raising. Another object of the present invention is to provide a seedling cultivation soil capable of obtaining excellent growth during seedling raising. Further, another object of the present invention is to provide a cultivated soil with good workability in a factory production operation or a soil filling operation using an automatic seeder.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above object, the present inventors have focused on montmorillonite in natural zeolite and studied its application to soil for mechanical planting. Although some degree of solidification appeared, it was not enough.By adding less than a predetermined amount of bentonite and a small amount of surfactant to natural zeolite, it has sufficient solidification and can evenly penetrate water The present inventors have found that a soil for mechanical planting without obstructing root elongation can be obtained, and the present invention has been accomplished.

[0008] That is, the seedling cultivation soil for mechanical planting of the present invention contains 30 to 60% of natural zeolite, 30% or less of bentonite, and 50 to 200 ppm of a surfactant, and has a water content of 25% or less. Things.

[0009] The seedling cultivation soil for mechanical planting of the present invention is 30
It contains -60% of natural zeolite, 30% or less of bentonite, 20% or less of auxiliary materials, and 50-200 ppm of surfactant, and has a water content of 25% or less.

[0010] Natural zeolite exhibits caking properties when wetted with water. This is because the montmorillonite contained in the zeolite at about 5 to 10% swells and then solidifies by drying. However, since the content of montmorillonite is small, the compaction force necessary for mechanical planting cannot be obtained. Therefore, the montmorillonite necessary for mechanical planting is supplemented with bentonite, whereby the strength to withstand the impact during mechanical planting can be ensured.

[0011] The seedling cultivation soil of the present invention has a solidification force that varies depending on the moisture condition, and suppresses the moisture content to 25% or less at the time of production or soil filling by a seeding machine, thereby preventing the machine from sticking. Workability can be improved.
On the other hand, in the flooded state after irrigation, the montmorillonite is swollen and can grow healthy without hindering root elongation. At this time, due to the effect of the addition of the surfactant, water smoothly penetrates into the entire cultivated soil. The caking is developed by drying to some extent, but at this time, stable caking without unevenness can be obtained, and it can withstand the impact of mechanical planting. Even after planting, it absorbs the moisture in the soil and does not hinder subsequent growth. Since natural zeolite having excellent fertilizing power is contained as a main component, excellent growth properties can be obtained both during seedling raising and after planting.

Hereinafter, the cultivation of seedlings for mechanical planting of the present invention will be described in detail. In this specification,% means% by weight unless otherwise specified.

The cultivated seedling cultivation for mechanical planting of the present invention comprises a material mainly composed of natural zeolite, containing not more than 20% of bentonite and a trace amount of a surfactant in the whole cultivated soil. 30% or more of the whole soil,
It is preferably at least 45%.

The natural zeolite tested this time has a very high cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 150 meq / 100 g or more.
Has superior fertilizing power compared to soil and bentonite. By containing 30% or more of such a natural zeolite, it has a favorable effect on the growth of long-term nursery crops such as onions, and the effect is maintained even after planting in a field. Can be grown. However, when the blending amount of the natural zeolite exceeds 60%, the physical properties of the soil cannot be suitably maintained, and normal growth cannot be maintained. Therefore, the content is preferably 60% or less.

Bentonite is a clay mainly composed of montmorillonite, a kind of clay mineral, and has the property of swelling when wetted with water, and enhances the solidification of the cultivated soil of the present invention.
The compaction force of bentonite varies depending on the content of montmorillonite, and the compaction required for mechanical planting can be obtained by blending about 5 to 30% of bentonite containing 35 to 40% of montmorillonite. The same effect can be obtained with bentonite having a higher content of montmorillonite than 5%. However, it is preferable to use bentonite having a montmorillonite content of 35 to 40% (the bentonite produced in Japan usually falls within this range) in order to eliminate variations during production. On the other hand, if the blending amount of bentonite is too large, the cultivation soil becomes hard, and poor germination and rooting failure are likely to occur. Therefore, the content of bentonite is 5 to 30%, preferably 10 to 30%.
To 20%.

The seedling cultivation soil of the present invention preferably further contains a material having a porous structure in addition to the above-mentioned natural zeolite and bentonite. The material having a porous structure means a material having many small voids,
Those with many small holes, such as perlite and pumice stone,
Includes sponge-structured materials, layered materials such as vermiculite, and fibrous materials such as peat moss, coconut fiber, banana fiber and the like. Materials with such a porous structure
When used in combination with a surfactant to be described later, it functions as a carrier for supporting the surfactant, facilitates uniform mixing of the surfactant with other materials, and maintains the effect of the surfactant for a long period of time.

When a material having a porous structure is added as a carrier for a surfactant, a material having a porous structure and a surfactant are mixed in advance to form a composite material in which the surfactant is permeated into the porous structure. It is preferable to mix this with other materials constituting the cultivation soil of the present invention.

Since the porous material itself has the effect of increasing the water permeability of the cultivated soil, it can be added as a secondary material for increasing the water permeability and water retention of the seedling cultivation soil of the present invention. In that case, usually about 5 to 20% by weight can be added.

The surfactant is added in the seedling cultivation soil of the present invention in order to increase water permeability and to obtain solidification stability during drying. The surfactant may be either nonionic or anionic. Agents can also be used. As a nonionic,
For example, polyethylene glycol-based ones and ether-based ones such as polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether and polyoxyalkylene alkyl phenyl ether are exemplified. Examples of the anionic type include ester types such as dioctyl sulfosuccinate, dioctyl sulfosuccinic acid, and polyoxyalkylene alkyl phenyl ether sulfate.

Surfactants are generally used to increase the hydrophilicity of soil with poor water permeability, such as peat moss, or cultivated soil that tends to repel water. To obtain such an effect, for example, 0.001 to 0.5 part is used. (For example, JP-A-8-37924, JP-A-10-191780, etc.). In the present invention, as described above, the surfactant is added to exhibit stable consolidation while improving water permeability, the addition amount is 10 ppm or more to obtain such an effect, 200 ppm or less. When the amount exceeds 200 ppm, growth tends to be inhibited. On the other hand, when the addition amount is less than 10 ppm, there is no adverse effect on the growth of the plant, but the above-mentioned addition effect cannot be obtained. Therefore, the addition amount is preferably set to 50 to 100 ppm.

The surfactant can be directly mixed with the main material of the seedling cultivation soil of the present invention. However, as described above, the surfactant is preferably used as an aqueous solution and having a predetermined ratio with the material having a porous structure. It is preferable to mix the mixture sufficiently with the auxiliary material such as peat moss and the main material. Thereby, the surfactant can be uniformly mixed. In addition, since the surfactant is supported on a material having a porous structure, its effect is maintained for a long time.

Next, an example of the method for producing the seedling culture soil of the present invention will be described. However, the seedling raising soil of the present invention is not limited to the following production method.

First, a surfactant is added to warm water at 60 to 80 ° C. and stirred sufficiently to prepare a surfactant solution. This is sufficiently mixed with a material having a porous structure to form a water repellent. Next, the peat moss is finely crushed with a crusher, sprinkled with water, well mixed with water, and further mixed with perlite while adding the water repellent inhibitor prepared as described above and mixing. In this case, the amount of water is limited to ensure fluidity, and the soil water content is set to 25% or less. As a result, soil filling by the automatic seeder can be performed uniformly.

On the other hand, a fertilizer corresponding to a crop is added to bentonite and mixed in advance. The above-mentioned mixture of peat moss and perlite, the water repellent and natural zeolite are put into a large mixer and premixed, and then bentonite mixed with fertilizer is added and further mixed to obtain the seedling cultivation soil of the present invention.

The seedling cultivation soil of the present invention contains natural zeolite as a main component and contains a relatively small amount of bentonite to promote the smooth elongation of roots, and has excellent solidifying power and is suitable for mechanical planting. Suitable strength can be maintained. Further, since a small amount of surfactant is added, permeation of water at the time of irrigation can be made smooth and stable consolidation can be obtained.

[0026]

EXAMPLES Examples of the seedling cultivation soil of the present invention will be described below.

[Example 1] A surfactant (anionic: manufactured by Dai-ichi Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was added to warm water at 60 to 80 ° C, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred with a hand mixer, and then overnight for defoaming. I left it. This surfactant solution was added to the porous material and mixed well to obtain a water repellent. Next, peat moss was finely crushed with a crusher to a size of 7 mm or less, added while sprinkling water, and mixed well. Perlite was added thereto and mixed, and then the water repellent prepared as described above was further added and mixed.

Further, a chemical fertilizer was added to bentonite so as to be 730 mg / l of nitrogen, 2000 mg / l of phosphoric acid, and 330 mg / l of potassium, and mixed with a small mixer. A mixture of a water repellent, perlite and peat moss and zeolite were put into a large mixer and premixed, and then bentonite containing fertilizer was added and further mixed to obtain a seedling culture. The ratio of each material was as follows.

Zeolite 30 to 60% Peat moss 10 to 30% Perlite 5 to 20% Bentonite 5 to 20% Water 5 to 10% In addition, the water repellent is 100 mg (100 ppm) of surfactant added per liter of cultivated soil. ).

1. Evaluation of growth and solidification of onion Seedling cultivation soil was placed in a seedling growing container (Chain Pot BP-253: manufactured by Nippon Sugar Beet Sugar Co., Ltd.), and onion seeds (variety: turbo) were placed in one section. The seeding was performed so that the number of seeds was 364 per 30 cm × 60 cm). This is put on a shelf for about 2 months in a glass greenhouse,
The viability and the solidification of the soil were evaluated.

The growth was measured by measuring the germination rate (%), plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), above-ground weight (g), and root weight (g), and the average value of 10 plants in each section was determined. . Regarding the caking properties, the seedlings suitable for planting were dropped from a height of 30 cm above the ground, the disintegration rate (weight%) of the root pot was measured, and the average value of 10 measurements was obtained. Table 1 shows the results. Using a commercially available nursery soil as a comparative example, sowing and raising seedlings of onion were performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
The viability and the solidification of the soil were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0032]

[Table 1]

As is clear from the results in Table 1, when the seedling cultivation soil of the example is used, a seedling having a high plant height and a large stem diameter can be grown, and both the above-ground weight and the root weight are commercially available. It was better than cultivated soil. This is considered to be because the cultivation soil of the present example has such a degree that the solidification does not hinder the growth and has a high fertilizing ability due to natural zeolite. It was also confirmed that at the time of mechanical planting, solidification that hardly collapses under the impact of falling was obtained.

2. Yieldability of onion Using the same seedling cultivation medium as used for the evaluation of the growth property, onion seeds (cultivar: kamuy) were sown and placed in a plastic greenhouse for about two months. The plants were planted using a dedicated transplanter and harvested four months later. As a control, the same onion seeds were used to grow and plant seedlings by the Minoru formula (a method including the treatment of soil cultivation with an alginate aqueous solution described in JP-A-4-335826), and harvested 4 months later.

A seedling raising plot using the seedling raising soil of the embodiment,
Table 2 shows the results of comparison of the total sphere weight and size of each harvested onion with respect to the control group of the Minoru formula.

[0036]

[Table 2]

As can be seen from the results shown in Table 2, the onions harvested in the seedling raising plot using the seedling raising soil of this example were:
The diameter of the bulb was excellent, and the weight and size exceeded that of the control group, and the sales increased by about 20%. This is probably because the natural zeolite in the cultivated soil exhibited fertilizing power even after planting and promoted growth.

[Example 2] The types of surfactants used were three types of nonionic type and four types of anionic type as shown in Table 1, and the addition amount was 10 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm,
By changing to 500 ppm, 28 kinds of soil samples were obtained. These 28
The soil permeability of each type of soil sample was measured using a soil permeability meter (manufactured by Daiki Rika Kogyo Co., Ltd.) as follows. First, a soil sample was packed in a 100 cc core, water was supplied from above the core, and the time required for water flowing from below to accumulate in a 100 cc graduated cylinder was measured. Table 3 shows the results. It should be noted that “600 or more” in the table means that even if 600 seconds (10 minutes) have elapsed, it is less than 100 cc.

[0039]

[Table 3]

As can be seen from the results in Table 3, there is a difference in water permeability depending on the type of surfactant, but the water permeability is significantly improved when an anionic surfactant is used as compared with a nonionic surfactant. I understood. Also, the larger the amount added, the better the water permeability.

Example 3 A standard soil without surfactant was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that pearlite and water were used instead of the water-repellent inhibitor of Example 1. Three kinds of surfactants having good water permeability in Example 2 were added to this standard soil, and the added amount was 10 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 50 ppm.
It was added at 0 ppm, and the effect on plants was evaluated. In the evaluation, the mini-tomato, cucumber, and green onion seedlings were each raised in the non-addition zone using the additive-free soil, and in the addition zone using the surfactant-added soil, and the growth condition on the appearance was observed. ○, 場合 when growth is inferior to that of the non-added group, and × when no growth or germination. Table 4 shows the results.

[0042]

[Table 4]

As can be seen from the results in Table 4, the amount of the surfactant added was 500 ppm for the mini tomato and the green onion.
In the case of No., the growth was inferior or did not grow at all as compared with the non-added group. Cucumber did not grow when the amount of one surfactant added was 500 ppm. When the amount of the surfactant added was 100 ppm, the growth of one surfactant was inferior to that of the non-added group, but the growth was otherwise as good as that of the non-added group.

From the results shown in Tables 3 and 4, it can be seen that the higher the amount of the surfactant, the higher the water permeability, but it is desirable to set the amount to 100 ppm or less so as not to adversely affect plants.

[0045]

As is clear from the above examples, the seedling cultivation soil of the present invention does not hinder the smooth elongation of roots during seedling raising, and has a solidifying force that can withstand the impact of mechanical planting during planting. have. Therefore, mechanical planting can be performed without hindering the growth of seedlings that are straight-rooted and easily collapse, such as onions. The seedling cultivation soil of the present invention exhibits excellent fertilizing power not only during seedling raising but also after planting, and can harvest large crops in both weight and size.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Emiko Kasuya 5-32-7 Sendagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Inside Okutama Industry Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Yukio Sasaki 53, Shimizu 2nd Line, Shimizu-cho, Kamikawa-gun, Hokkaido Sugar Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Paper Tube Division (72) Inventor Hidekazu Terasawa 13th west, 9 Inadacho Minami 9 Line, Obihiro City, Hokkaido F-term in Sugar Beet Manufacturing Co., Ltd. F-term (reference) 2B022 BA02 BA03 BA04 BA12 BA16

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. The method according to claim 1, wherein 30% to 60% of natural zeolite and 30%
A seedling cultivation medium for mechanical planting, comprising the following bentonite and 50 to 200 ppm of a surfactant, and having a water content of 25% or less. 2. 30% of natural zeolite and 30% of natural zeolite.
Below bentonite, less than 20% of auxiliary materials, 50 ~ 20
A soil for raising seedlings for mechanical planting, comprising 0 ppm of a surfactant and having a water content of 25% or less. 3. The seedling cultivation soil for mechanical planting according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant is an anionic surfactant. 4. The seedling cultivation soil for mechanical planting according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant is added in a state of being supported on a carrier having a porous structure. 5. The seedling cultivation medium for mechanical planting according to claim 4, wherein the carrier having the porous structure is at least one selected from peat moss, perlite, vermiculite, coconut fiber, and banana fiber.