JP4317571B2 - 活物質、電極、電池、及び活物質の製造方法 - Google Patents
活物質、電極、電池、及び活物質の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 title claims description 49
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 17
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 5
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001780 ECTFE Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013210 LiNiMnCoO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005023 polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) polymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920006132 styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VSKJLJHPAFKHBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene;styrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 VSKJLJHPAFKHBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013188 LiBOB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013275 LiMPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015030 LiNiCoO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021542 Vanadium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QUEDYRXQWSDKKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M [O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[OH-] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[OH-] QUEDYRXQWSDKKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][V](=O)=O UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021469 graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003049 isoprene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005001 laminate film Substances 0.000 description 1
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021470 non-graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002589 poly(vinylethylene) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRUMUEUJTSXQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium dioxide Chemical compound O=[V]=O GRUMUEUJTSXQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Description
本発明にかかる活物質5について説明する。本発明にかかる活物質5は、図1及び図2に示すように、コア粒子1と、コア粒子1の表面の少なくとも一部を覆う被覆部2とを備えている。
このような活物質は、高充電状態での高温時に電解液と接触して反応しやすい層状構造のLiCo(1−x)MxO2の表面、及び/又は、高温時にMn3+イオンが電解液中へ溶出しやすいLi(Mn(1−y)My)2O4の表面が高温時の構造安定性に優れたLiVOPO4を含む被覆部2に覆われており、コア粒子1と電解液との直接接触を抑制できる。したがって、コア粒子1の結晶構造からの酸素の放出や、Mn3+の溶出を抑制でき、高温時におけるコア粒子1の結晶構造が安定化する。
続いて、活物質5の製造方法について説明する。
まず、コア粒子1となるLiCo(1−x)MxO2及び/又はLi(Mn(1−y)My)2O4を含む粒子を用意する。これらの粒子は、公知の方法により製造可能である。好ましい粒径は、0.5〜15μmである。
第2の製造方法では、LiVOPO4の製造に用いる上述の前駆体水溶液中に、LiCo(1−x)MxO2及び/又はLi(Mn(1−y)My)2O4粒子を混合し、その後、溶液中でLiVOPO4を加熱により合成し、続いて、乾燥、焼成を行う。この場合、焼成雰囲気は、LiCo(1−x)MxO2及び/又はLi(Mn(1−y)My)2O4粒子の酸素欠陥を生じないように、空気等の酸素含有雰囲気下で行うことが好ましい。この製造方法の場合、還元雰囲気を好適な焼成雰囲気とする他のLiMPO4(MはFe、Co、Ni、Mnなど)、特にLiFePO4などを使用することは困難である。
続いて、本発明にかかる電極、及びリチウムイオン二次電池について図3を参照して簡単に説明する。
先ず、平均粒径10μm程度のLiCoO2粒子、及び、平均粒径0.5μm程度のLiVOPO4粒子を用意した。そして、これらの粒子を混合した粒子層に対して、高速で回転流動する気相流動層を形成して粒子の衝突を起こさせ、これにより、LiCoO2からなるコア粒子上にLiVOPO4からなる被覆部を形成し、活物質を形成した。被覆部の厚みは200nm程度、被覆率は80%程度であった。
活物質の原料として、平均粒径10μm程度のLiMn2O4粒子、及び、平均粒径0.5μm程度のLiVOPO4粒子を用いる以外は実施例1と同様にして活物質及び電極を製造した。
活物質の原料として、平均粒径10μm程度のLiCoO2粒子のみを用い、被覆部の形成を行わない以外は実施例1と同様にして活物質及び電極を製造した。
活物質の原料として、平均粒径10μm程度のLiMn2O4粒子のみを用い、被覆部の形成を行わない以外は実施例1と同様にして活物質及び電極を製造した。
活物質の原料として、平均粒径10μm程度のLiCoO2粒子、及び、平均粒径0.5μm程度のLiFePO4粒子を用いる以外は実施例1と同様にして活物質及び電極を製造した。
活物質の原料として、平均粒径10μm程度のLiCoO2粒子、及び、平均粒径0.5μm程度のLiMnPO4粒子を用いる以外は実施例1と同様にして活物質及び電極を製造した。
負極(参照極)として金属リチウム、電解液として、1mol/LのLiPF6溶液(溶媒は、エチレンカーボネート及びジエチルカーボネートを30:70の体積割合含む)を用い、上述の実施例及び比較例の正極を含むセルを構成し、対リチウムで4.5Vまで充電し4.5Vに達した後、セルを分解し、正極活物質層を適量採取し、金属容器に封入後、示差走査熱量分析により電解液共存下における発熱挙動を測定した。発熱量は、比較例1の発熱量を100として表示した。
Claims (7)
- LiCo(1−x)MxO 2 を含有するコア粒子と、
前記コア粒子の表面の少なくとも一部を覆う被覆部と、を備え、
前記被覆部はLiVOPO4を含む、活物質。
ここで、Mは、Al,Mg及び遷移元素からなる群から選択される一以上の元素であり、0.95≧x≧0であり、LiVOPO4においてV元素の一部がTi,Ni,Co,Mn,Fe,Zr,Cu,Zn及びYbからなる群から選択される一以上の元素で置換されていてもよい。 - 前記被覆部の厚みは、50nm〜1μmである請求項1記載の活物質。
- 集電体と、請求項1又は2の活物質を含み前記集電体上に設けられた活物質含有層と、
を備える電極。 - 請求項3の電極を備えるリチウムイオン二次電池。
- LiCo(1−x)MxO 2 を含むコア粒子の表面の少なくとも一部にLiVOPO4を担持させる工程を備える活物質の製造方法。
ここで、Mは、Al,Mg及び遷移元素からなる群から選択される一以上の元素であり、0.95≧x≧0であり、LiVOPO4においてV元素の一部がTi,Ni,Co,Mn,Fe,Zr,Cu,Zn及びYbからなる群から選択される一以上の元素で置換されていてもよい。 - 前記工程では、前記コア粒子とLiVOPO4粒子とを流動層中で混合する請求項5に記載の活物質の製造方法。
- 前記工程では、LiVOPO4前駆体を含む溶液と前記コア粒子とを混合し、その後、前記溶液中でLiVOPO4を合成する請求項6に記載の活物質の製造方法。
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| EP08007877A EP2012379B1 (en) | 2007-04-27 | 2008-04-23 | Active material, electrode, battery, and method of manufacturing active material |
| US12/108,244 US8785045B2 (en) | 2007-04-27 | 2008-04-23 | Active material, electrode, battery, and method of manufacturing active material |
| CN2008100953153A CN101295788B (zh) | 2007-04-27 | 2008-04-25 | 活性物质、电极、电池、活性物质的制造方法 |
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