JP4287001B2 - Transparent conductive laminate - Google Patents
Transparent conductive laminate Download PDFInfo
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- JP4287001B2 JP4287001B2 JP30526199A JP30526199A JP4287001B2 JP 4287001 B2 JP4287001 B2 JP 4287001B2 JP 30526199 A JP30526199 A JP 30526199A JP 30526199 A JP30526199 A JP 30526199A JP 4287001 B2 JP4287001 B2 JP 4287001B2
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- Prior art keywords
- transparent conductive
- film
- atomic concentration
- conductive film
- specific resistance
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 229920000307 polymer substrate Polymers 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 123
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 30
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 14
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- 229910007541 Zn O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
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- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 2
- SDDLEVPIDBLVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol Z Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)CCCCC1 SDDLEVPIDBLVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910020923 Sn-O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- UMPGNGRIGSEMTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl]phenol Chemical compound C1C(C)CC(C)(C)CC1(C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 UMPGNGRIGSEMTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUDSREQIJYWLRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[9-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)fluoren-9-yl]-2-methylphenol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C2(C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=C(C)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 NUDSREQIJYWLRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWFPGFJLYRKYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21 YWFPGFJLYRKYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020994 Sn-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009069 Sn—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Mg+2] ORUIBWPALBXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005487 naphthalate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001230 polyarylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
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- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Non-Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は亜鉛を少量含む抵抗値の低減された透明導電積層体に関し、さらに詳しくは高分子基板の上に成膜直後から比抵抗の低減され、且つ熱処理により更なる低抵抗化が可能な透明導電膜を設けてなる透明導電積層体に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
各種表示素子或いは薄膜太陽電池の電極部には、可視光線透過率が高く、低抵抗な電気特性を有する透明導電膜が欠かせない。また、近年の携帯移動端末の急激な小型化・軽量化に伴って、透明電極基板にも、さらなる軽量な部材が要求されている。そのため、基板材料としては、ガラスに比べてより軽量な透明高分子基板材料にIn−Sn−Oを主成分とする膜(以下ITO膜と記す)を積層した透明導電性フィルムが使用されつつある。
【0003】
一方、透明導電材料の新しい展開として、特開平6−318406号公報や特開平7−235219号公報にあるようなIn−Zn−Oを主成分とする膜(以下IZO膜と記す)が提案されている。IZO膜はITO膜と異なり、結晶化させることが困難であるために、比較的温度が高くなる必要がある用途への展開がなされている。
【0004】
高分子基板は耐熱性に乏しく、ガラスに用いられているような200℃を超えるような高温プロセスは適応できない。そのため、成膜直後から抵抗値の低減されたITO膜は非常に作り難い。
【0005】
一般にDCマグネトロンスパッタリングにおいて形成されるITO膜の構造及び電気特性は、その成膜温度に強く依存すると言われており、構造について言及すると基板温度を室温に保って行った成膜では、結晶質部と非晶質部が混合した状態、或は非晶質状態の膜が形成される。そして、電気特性は低温で形成した膜は成膜直後には抵抗値が著しく低減することはなく、一般に5〜7×10-4Ω・cmの比抵抗を示す。一方、IZO膜は成膜直後から構造は非晶質であり、抵抗値も比較的低い。しかし、比抵抗が成膜直後に膜に例えば熱のような何らかの刺激を与えても変化せず、さらなる低抵抗膜を形成する上では物足らない。
【0006】
そのため、様々な材料が選定されて、かかる今日においても飽くなき探求が続けられている。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
高分子基板上への透明導電膜の形成においては、高分子基板の軟化点温度が一般に200℃に満たないため、かかる温度以上に加熱することができず、ガラス上への透明導電膜の形成時のように200〜400℃のような高い基板温度条件を使用することができない。また、高分子基板の曲げに対する剛性はガラス基板に比して小さいことより、高分子基板上にはせいぜい3000Å程度しか透明導電膜を形成することができない。これ以上に透明導電膜の膜厚を厚くするように形成すると、高分子基板が透明導電膜の応力のために、そり(カール)を起こしてしまったり、或いは透明導電膜に微細な傷が入ってしまうことがある。このようなことから、膜厚は最大で3000Å程度に抑制することが必要である。即ち、高分子基板上では膜厚の増加により抵抗値を下げるには限界が有り、比抵抗を低減させることが高分子基板上で低抵抗な透明導電膜を実現する本質的な要求である。
【0008】
また、ITOを用いて透明導電膜を形成しようとする場合、200℃を超えるような高温プロセスであれば、成膜直後から抵抗の低減された膜を形成することができるものの、高分子基板を用いる場合には、成膜直後のITO膜の比抵抗がガラス対比若干高いことは否めない。
【0009】
従って本発明は、高分子基板上に、成膜直後から抵抗値が低減された透明導電膜を形成し、さらにかかる膜に熱等の刺激を与えることでより抵抗値を低減できる透明導電積層体並びにその製造方法を提供することにある。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
発明者らは、基板温度が室温程度が温度で形成された透明導電膜について、その組成に関して鋭意検討した結果、In−Sn−Zn−O系材料のSn濃度とZn濃度を適切に制御することで、形成された透明導電膜の抵抗値が成膜直後に低減でき、さらに適切な、例えば熱のような刺激を与えることにより抵抗値を低減できることを見出した。これは以下のような手段に基づくものである。
【0011】
Sn濃度とZn濃度を適切に制御したIn−Sn−Zn−Oを薄膜形成すると、成膜直後には非晶質の構造を示す。そして、低温プロセスで形成したZnを持たないIn−Sn−O膜では、成膜直後の比抵抗がやや高くなる。しかし、熱処理により著しく抵抗値が低減できる。一方、Snを持たないIn−Zn−O膜では、成膜直後の比抵抗はある程度低減できる。本発明者らは、これらの特性を相互に具現化するために酸化インジウムに酸化亜鉛と酸化錫を適切な量添加すると、非晶質の状態においても、成膜直後の比抵抗を低減できることを見出した。この膜に熱のような刺激を与えると、構造が非晶質から結晶質に転化する。この結晶化に伴いSnが格子点に入り込み、キャリアが発生し比抵抗が低減する。一方、Znは格子点に入ることによって、Inに酸素空孔を与え難くなり、Znの効果による抵抗値の低減はやや阻害される。そのため、単組成のITO膜に比較すると、熱処理後の抵抗値の低減はやや劣るものの、成膜直後からの抵抗値の低減は実現でき、熱処理後にも低い抵抗値の透明導電膜を得ることができる。その意味で、透明導電膜の機能はIn2O3とZnOとSnO2の複合物によって高まっていると考えることができる。
【0012】
即ち本発明は、好ましくはIn−Sn−Zn−Oを主成分とする焼結ターゲットを用いて、DCマグネトロンスパッタ法にて高分子基板上に透明導電膜が形成された透明導電積層体であって、InとSnの合計原子濃度に対するSn原子濃度が0.01〜0.1の範囲に入り、且つInとZnの合計原子濃度に対するZnの原子濃度が0.01〜0.1の範囲に入り、且つSnとZnの原子濃度の合計に対するZnの原子濃度の比が0より大きく0.3未満であることを特徴とする透明導電性積層体である。そして、当該膜の成膜直後における比抵抗は3.5×10-4〜5.0×10-4Ω・cmであり、さらに、高分子基板の軟化点温度以下の温度にて、10分以上300分以下の時間にて当該膜を熱処理することにより、当該膜の比抵抗を2.0×10-4〜3.5×10-4Ω・cmに転化できることを特徴としている。このとき透明導電膜の膜厚は100〜2800Åであり、基体高分子基板の厚さは0.01〜0.4mmであることを特徴としている。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、本発明の実施の形態について順次説明していく。
本発明の透明導電積層体は、高分子基板上に透明導電膜が形成されてなる。
【0014】
本発明における透明導電膜は、酸化インジウムを主体とし、酸化錫と酸化亜鉛が添加されたものからなり、InとSnの原子濃度の和に対するSnの原子濃度の比が0.01〜0.1の範囲にあり、InとZnの原子濃度の和に対するZnの原子濃度の比が0.01〜0.1の範囲にあり、SnとZnの原子濃度の和に対するZnの原子濃度の比が、0より大きく0.30未満の範囲に入るものであり、0.10〜0.25の範囲に入ることが望ましい。SnとZnの原子濃度の和に対するZnの濃度が0.01より低い場合には、成膜直後の比抵抗があまり低減しない。一方、0.3よりSnとZnの原子濃度の和に対するZnの濃度が低い場合には、成膜直後の比抵抗は低減するものの、熱処理後には比抵抗が増大してしまう。
【0015】
本発明に使用される高分子基板は、ポリエステル系高分子、ポリオレフィン系高分子、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレン2,6ナフタレート等のポリエステル、ポリカーボネイト、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリアリレート等の単一成分の高分子、或いは光学的機能または熱力学的機能を付与するために、これらの高分子に第二、第三成分を共重合した、共重合高分子を用いることができる。特に、光学用途にはビスフェノール成分を有する透明性が良好なポリカーボネイトが好適である。かかるビスフェノール成分としては、例えば、2,2−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン(ビスフェノールA)、1,1−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)シクロヘキサン(ビスフェノールZ)、1,1−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−3,3,5−トリメチルシクロヘキサン、9,9−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)フルオレン、9,9−ビス(3−メチル−4−ヒドロキシフェニル)フルオレンを挙げることができる。これらは2種類以上組み合わせてもよい。すなわちかかるポリカーボネイトは共重合ポリカーボネイトでもブレンドでもよい。さらに、新規機能を発現させるために複数の高分子体をブレンドした高分子を用いることもできる。さらには、多層の共押出し高分子フィルムを用いることもできる。
【0016】
また、高分子基板の膜厚は、0.01〜0.4mmのものを使用することができるが、0.1〜0.2mm程度が液晶等の光学用途としては視認性の観点より望ましい。
【0017】
さらに高分子基板は光学等方性が優れるものが好ましく、リターデーデョンが20nm以下、好ましくは10nm以下のものが好適である。
【0018】
高分子基板は、形成される透明導電膜との密着性の向上、高分子基板の耐久性の向上或いは、高分子基板のガスバリア能を向上させるために、高分子基板の片面或いは両面に、少なくとも一層以上からなるコーティング層を有していても構わない。このコーティング層は、無機物または有機物またはそれらの複合材料からなり、その膜厚は好ましくは0.01〜20μmである。より望ましくは、10mm程度に抑制されることが望ましい。コーティング層の形成にはコーターを用いた塗布法や、スプレー法、スピンコート法、インラインコート法等が用いられることが多いが、この限りではない。また、スパッタ法、蒸着法といった、Physical Vapor Deposition(以下PVD)、Chemical Vapor Deposition(以下CVD)の手法が用いられても構わない。コーティング層としては、アクリル系樹脂、ウレタン系樹脂、UV硬化系樹脂、エポキシ系樹脂等の樹脂成分やこれらとアルミナ、シリカ、マイカ等の無機粒子の混合物が使われても良い。或いは、高分子基板を二層以上の共押し出しによりコーティング層の機能を持たせても構わない。PVD、CVDの手法では、酸化マグネシウム、酸化アルミニウム、酸化珪素、酸化カルシウム、酸化バリウム、酸化錫、酸化インジウム、酸化タンタル、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛等の酸化物や、窒化珪素、窒化チタン、窒化タンタル等の窒化物、並びに、弗化マグネシウム、弗化カルシウム等の弗化物を単独或は混合物として形成して用いることができる。このようなコーティング層を有する高分子基板は、光学特性としてレターデーションが低く、尚且つ透過率が高いことが望ましい。
【0019】
本発明における、透明導電膜の形成手法は、DCマグネトロンスパッタリング法、RFマグネトロンスパッタリング法、イオンプレーティング法、真空蒸着法、パルスレーザーデポジション法、これらを複合した形成法等を用いることができるが、大面積に対して均一な膜厚の透明導電膜を形成するという工業生産製に着目し、DCマグネトロンスパッタリング法が望ましい。
【0020】
スパッタリングに用いるターゲットはIn−Sn−Zn−Oを主成分とする焼結ターゲットを用いることが望ましいが、In−Sn−Znを主成分とする合金ターゲットを用いても構わない。
【0021】
本発明では、スパッタリング法により上記透明導電膜を製膜する場合は、該透明導電膜を製膜する真空槽中の圧力を一旦1.3×10-4Pa以下とし、次いで不活性ガス及び酸素を導入する製造方法にて形成することができる。透明導電膜を製膜する真空槽中の圧力は一旦1.3×10-4Pa以下にすることが、真空槽中に残留し、且つ透明導電膜の特性に影響を与えることが懸念される分子種の影響を低減できるので望ましい。より望ましくは、4×10-5Pa以下、さらに望ましくは2×10-5Pa以下である。
【0022】
次いで導入される不活性ガスとしては、He、Ne、Ar、Kr、Xeを用いることができ、原子量の大きな不活性ガスほど形成される膜へのダメージが少なく比抵抗が低減されると言われているが、コスト面から考えてArが望ましい。この不活性ガスには膜中に取り込まれる酸素濃度を調整するために、分圧に換算して1×10-4〜1.3×10-2Pa台の酸素を添加しても構わない。さらに、酸素の他にO3、N2、N2O、NH3等を用いることができる。
【0023】
また、本発明では、透明導電膜を製膜する真空槽中の水の分圧を1.3×10-4Pa以下とし、次いで不活性ガス及び酸素を導入する製造方法にて形成することができる。水の分圧は、より望ましくは、4×10-5Pa以下、さらに望ましくは2×10-5Pa以下に水分圧を制御する。
【0024】
本発明における水分圧を決定するときには、差動排気型のインプロセスモニターを用いても良い。またはダイナミックレンジが広く、0.1Pa程度の圧力下においても計測が可能な四重極質量分析計を用いても良い。また、一般的に、1×10-5Pa程度の真空度においては、その圧力を形成しているのは水である。よって、真空計によって計測された値をそのまま水分圧と考えても構わない。
【0025】
本発明においては、高分子基板を用いるため、基板温度を当該高分子基板の軟化点温度より上昇させることはできない。よって、透明導電膜を形成するためには、高分子基板の温度は室温程度から軟化点温度以下とする必要がある。代表的な高分子基板であるポリエチレンテレフタレートの場合、特別な処理を行わないときは軟化点温度が80℃程度であるため、基板温度を80℃以下の温度に保ったまま導電層を形成することが望ましい。より望ましくは室温にて導電層を形成することが望ましい。
【0026】
本発明により形成される透明導電膜は、成膜直後に比抵抗は3.5×10-4〜5.0×10-4Ω・cmの比抵抗を示す。
【0027】
かかる膜を高分子基板の軟化点温度を超えない温度にて熱処理を行うと、成膜直後に比較して抵抗値を低減できる。熱処理時間は、工業生成を鑑みると短時間に実施されることが望ましく10分以上300分以下の時間である。より望ましくは、10〜240分の範囲であり、さらに望ましくは10〜120分である。熱処理時間が10分未満の場合は、透明導電積層体への加熱が不十分となってしまう。また、300分より長時間の熱処理は、高分子の温度に対する安定性を確実に保証できる時間であり、例えば、熱的に安定な高分子基板を使うのであれば1000分のように、長くても構わない。しかし、実工程を考慮すると300分程度以内が望ましい。熱処理を実施することにより、当該膜の比抵抗は2.0×10-4〜3.5×10-4Ω・cmに転化できる。また、熱処理に替わる刺激を透明導電膜に与えることにより同様の効果がある。例えば、パルスレーザーを照射したり、電子線を照射することにより熱処理と同様の効果が得られる。しかし、設備投資を考慮すると熱処理が最も効率的であると考えられる。熱処理を実施する雰囲気は大気中でも真空雰囲気下でも構わない。また、不活性ガス雰囲気下における熱処理でも構わない。しかし、大気中で実施することが効率的であり好ましい。
【0028】
透明導電膜の膜厚は、用途によって決定される。しかし、可撓性が悪化するため、3000Å以上の透明導電膜を有することは望ましくない。また、100Å以下の膜厚では、透明導電膜としての機能が著しく悪化するため、100Å以下の膜厚は望ましくない。よって、本発明の透明導電膜の膜厚は用途に応じて100〜2800Åとすることが望ましい。
【0029】
本発明における透明導電膜の表面抵抗は三菱化学製のLoresta MP MCP−T350を用いて測定した。透明導電膜の膜厚は、ガラス上へ成膜した当該膜の段差をSloan社製のDektakを用いて測定し、スパッタレートを求めこれから逆算した。
【0030】
本発明では、抵抗値のみならず、透明導電膜の他の基本的な物理量の一つである全光線透過率及び当該膜の構造に関する知見を与えるX線回折についても併せて検討をおこなっている。全光線透過率はNIPPON DENSHOKU社製300Aを用いて、高分子基板と透明導電膜を分離すること無く測定した。X線回折は理学電機社製RU−300を集中法の光学配置にて測定した。
【0031】
構造的な特徴は、成膜直後において非晶質と結晶質が混在した結果をもたらしているが、10〜300分の熱処理を高分子基板の軟化点温度より、低い温度にて実施すると、結晶質な膜に転化することができる。
【0032】
なお、本発明の透明導電性積層体における全光線透過率は良好で、上記成膜方法による製膜直後には70〜88%の範囲であるが、かかる膜をついで高分子基板のガラス転移温度を超えない温度にて10〜300分の熱処理を実施すると、全光線透過率はより高まり、80〜89%に転化せしめることができる。
【0033】
【実施例】
以下に実施例を示すが、本発明はこれらに制限されるものではない。
【0034】
[実施例1]
真空槽の背圧を1.3×10-5Paとし、反応ガスとして酸素を導入し、さらに不活性ガスとしてArを導入し全圧を0.4Paとした。四重極質量分析計にて測定した、不活性ガスを導入する前の水分圧は、真空槽の背圧とほぼ等しかった。酸素分圧は2.7×10-3Paであった。
【0035】
In−Sn−Zn−Oからなる焼結ターゲットに1W/cm2の電力密度でDCマグネトロンスパッタリング法により、基板温度20℃のポリカーボネイト基板上へ、130nmの膜厚の透明導電膜を形成した。InとZnの合計原子濃度に対するZnの原子濃度の比は0.022であり、InとSnの合計原子濃度に対するSnの原子濃度の比は0.092であった。SnとZnの原子濃度の合計に対するZnの原子濃度の比は0.19であった。
【0036】
当該膜の成膜直後の比抵抗を、四端子抵抗計にて測定したところ5.0×10-4Ω・cmであった。全光線透過率は81%であった。
【0037】
当該膜をポリカーボネイトの軟化点温度未満の温度である130℃で30分間熱処理を行い比抵抗を四端子抵抗計にて測定したところ2.3×10-4Ω・cmであった。全光線透過率は87%であった。熱処理時間を240分間としたときも比抵抗・全光線透過率は同じであった。
【0038】
本発明の実施例・比較例のうち、Sn原子濃度のIn原子濃度とSn原子濃度の和に対する比率、 Zn原子濃度のIn原子濃度とZn原子濃度の和に対する比率、Zn原子濃度のSn原子濃度とZn原子濃度の和に対する比率を下記表1にまとめた。また、熱処理前後の比抵抗、全光線透過率も表1に示した。
【0039】
[実施例2]
真空槽の背圧を実施例1と同じとし、反応ガスとして酸素を導入し、さらに不活性ガスとしてArを導入し全圧を0.4Paとした。四重極質量分析計にて測定した不活性ガスを導入する前の水分圧は、真空槽の背圧とほぼ等しかった。酸素分圧は3.5×10-3Paであった。
【0040】
In−Sn−Zn−Oからなる焼結ターゲットに1W/cm2の電力密度でDCマグネトロンスパッタリング法により、基板温度20℃のポリカーボネイト基板上へ、130nmの膜厚の透明導電膜を形成した。InとZnの合計原子濃度に対するZnの原子濃度の比は0.018であり、InとSnの合計原子濃度に対するSnの原子濃度の比は0.099であった。SnとZnの原子濃度の合計に対するZnの原子濃度の比は0.14であった。
【0041】
当該膜の成膜直後の比抵抗を、四端子抵抗計にて測定したところ4.3×10-4Ω・cmであった。全光線透過率は80%であった。
【0042】
当該膜をポリカーボネイトの軟化点温度未満の温度である130℃で30分間熱処理を行い比抵抗を四端子抵抗計にて測定したところ2.5×10-4Ω・cmであった。全光線透過率は85%であった。熱処理時間を240分間としたときも比抵抗・全光線透過率は同じであった。
【0043】
[実施例3]
真空槽の背圧を実施例1と同じとし、反応ガスとして酸素を導入し、さらに不活性ガスとしてArを導入し全圧を0.4Paとした。四重極質量分析計にて測定した不活性ガスを導入する前の水分圧は、真空槽の背圧とほぼ等しかった。酸素分圧は2.7×10-3Paであった。
【0044】
In−Sn−Zn−Oからなる焼結ターゲットに1W/cm2の電力密度でDCマグネトロンスパッタリング法により、基板温度20℃の両面に3mmの有機コート層を形成したポリカーボネイト基板上へ、130nmの膜厚の透明導電膜を形成した。InとZnの合計原子濃度に対するZnの原子濃度の比は0.022であり、InとSnの合計原子濃度に対するSnの原子濃度の比は0.092であった。SnとZnの原子濃度の合計に対するZnの原子濃度の比は0.19であった。
【0045】
当該膜の成膜直後の比抵抗を、四端子抵抗計にて測定したところ4.9×10-4Ω・cmであった。全光線透過率は84%であった。
【0046】
当該膜をポリカーボネイトの軟化点温度未満の温度である130℃で30分間熱処理を行い比抵抗を四端子抵抗計にて測定したところ2.4×10-4Ω・cmであった。全光線透過率は87%であった。熱処理時間を240分間としたときも比抵抗・全光線透過率は同じであった。
【0047】
[比較例1]
真空槽の背圧を実施例1と同じとし、反応ガスとして酸素を導入し、さらに不活性ガスとしてArを導入し全圧を0.4Paとした。四重極質量分析計にて測定した、反応ガス並びに不活性ガスを導入する前の水分圧は、真空槽の背圧とほぼ等しかった。酸素分圧は2.7×10-3Paであった。
【0048】
In−Sn−Zn−Oからなる焼結ターゲットに1W/cm2の電力密度でDCマグネトロンスパッタリング法により、基板温度20℃のポリカーボネイト基板上へ、130nmの膜厚の透明導電膜を形成した。InとZnの合計原子濃度に対するZnの原子濃度の比は0.042であり、InとSnの合計原子濃度に対するSnの原子濃度の比は0.073であった。SnとZnの原子濃度の合計に対するZnの原子濃度の比は0.37であった。
【0049】
当該膜の成膜直後の比抵抗を、四端子抵抗計にて測定したところ3.4×10-4Ω・cmであった。全光線透過率は84%であった。
【0050】
当該膜をポリカーボネイトの軟化点温度未満の温度である130℃で30分間熱処理を行い比抵抗を四端子抵抗計にて測定したところ5.1×10-4Ω・cmであった。全光線透過率は86%であった。熱処理時間を240分間としたときも比抵抗・全光線透過率は同じであった。
【0051】
成膜直後の比抵抗はやや改善されているが、熱処理に伴い比抵抗が増加してしまい、低比抵抗膜とは言い難い状態となっている。
【0052】
[比較例2]
真空槽の背圧を実施例1と同じとし、反応ガスとして酸素を導入し、さらに不活性ガスとしてArを導入し全圧を0.4Paとした。四重極質量分析計にて測定した、反応ガス並びに不活性ガスを導入する前の水分圧は、真空槽の背圧とほぼ等しかった。酸素分圧は3.3×10-3Paであった。
【0053】
In−Sn−Zn−Oからなる焼結ターゲットに1W/cm2の電力密度でDCマグネトロンスパッタリング法により、基板温度20℃のポリカーボネイト基板上へ、130nmの膜厚の透明導電膜を形成した。酸化亜鉛は添加しなかった。InとSnの合計原子濃度に対するSnの原子濃度の比は0.093であった。
【0054】
当該膜の成膜直後の比抵抗を、四端子抵抗計にて測定したところ5.6×10-4Ω・cmであった。全光線透過率は80%であった。
【0055】
当該膜をポリカーボネイトの軟化点温度未満の温度である130℃で30分間熱処理を行い比抵抗を四端子抵抗計にて測定したところ2.0×10-4Ω・cmであった。全光線透過率は86%であった。熱処理時間を240分間としたときも比抵抗・全光線透過率は同じであった。
【0056】
熱処理に伴う比抵抗の低減は著しいが、成膜直後の比抵抗が高いものとなっている。
【0057】
【表1】
【0058】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、高分子基板上に低温プロセスにて形成した透明導電積層体において、成膜直後から抵抗値が低く、熱処理後にさらに抵抗値の低い透明導電積層体を与えることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a transparent conductive laminate having a small amount of zinc and having a reduced resistance value. More specifically, the transparent conductive laminate having a reduced resistivity immediately after film formation on a polymer substrate and capable of further reducing resistance by heat treatment. The present invention relates to a transparent conductive laminate provided with a conductive film.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A transparent conductive film having high visible light transmittance and low electrical characteristics is indispensable for various display elements or electrode portions of thin film solar cells. In addition, with the recent rapid reduction in size and weight of portable mobile terminals, more lightweight members are required for the transparent electrode substrate. Therefore, as a substrate material, a transparent conductive film in which a film (hereinafter referred to as ITO film) containing In-Sn-O as a main component is laminated on a transparent polymer substrate material that is lighter than glass is being used. .
[0003]
On the other hand, as a new development of a transparent conductive material, a film (hereinafter referred to as an IZO film) mainly composed of In—Zn—O as disclosed in JP-A-6-318406 and JP-A-7-235219 has been proposed. ing. Unlike the ITO film, the IZO film is difficult to be crystallized, so that the IZO film has been developed for applications that require a relatively high temperature.
[0004]
The polymer substrate has poor heat resistance, and a high temperature process exceeding 200 ° C. used for glass cannot be applied. Therefore, it is very difficult to make an ITO film with a reduced resistance value immediately after the film formation.
[0005]
In general, it is said that the structure and electrical characteristics of an ITO film formed by DC magnetron sputtering are strongly dependent on the film formation temperature, and in terms of the structure, in the film formation performed with the substrate temperature kept at room temperature, the crystalline portion And an amorphous part are mixed, or an amorphous film is formed. As for electrical characteristics, a film formed at a low temperature does not significantly decrease the resistance value immediately after the film formation, and generally exhibits a specific resistance of 5 to 7 × 10 −4 Ω · cm. On the other hand, the structure of the IZO film is amorphous immediately after the film formation, and the resistance value is relatively low. However, the specific resistance does not change even if a certain stimulus such as heat is applied to the film immediately after film formation, which is unsatisfactory in forming a further low resistance film.
[0006]
For this reason, various materials have been selected, and even today, such a search is continued.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the formation of a transparent conductive film on a polymer substrate, since the softening point temperature of the polymer substrate is generally less than 200 ° C., it cannot be heated above this temperature, and the transparent conductive film is formed on glass. As at times, high substrate temperature conditions such as 200-400 ° C. cannot be used. Further, since the rigidity of the polymer substrate against bending is smaller than that of the glass substrate, a transparent conductive film can be formed on the polymer substrate only about 3000 mm at most. If the transparent conductive film is made thicker than this, the polymer substrate may warp (curl) due to the stress of the transparent conductive film, or the transparent conductive film may have fine scratches. May end up. For this reason, it is necessary to suppress the film thickness to about 3000 mm at maximum. That is, there is a limit to lowering the resistance value by increasing the film thickness on the polymer substrate, and reducing the specific resistance is an essential requirement to realize a low-resistance transparent conductive film on the polymer substrate.
[0008]
In addition, when forming a transparent conductive film using ITO, a high-temperature process exceeding 200 ° C. can form a film with reduced resistance immediately after film formation. When used, it cannot be denied that the resistivity of the ITO film immediately after film formation is slightly higher than that of glass.
[0009]
Accordingly, the present invention provides a transparent conductive laminate in which a transparent conductive film having a reduced resistance value immediately after film formation is formed on a polymer substrate, and the resistance value can be further reduced by applying a stimulus such as heat to the film. It is also intended to provide a manufacturing method thereof.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive investigations regarding the composition of the transparent conductive film formed at a substrate temperature of about room temperature, the inventors have appropriately controlled the Sn concentration and the Zn concentration of the In—Sn—Zn—O-based material. Thus, it has been found that the resistance value of the formed transparent conductive film can be reduced immediately after film formation, and that the resistance value can be reduced by applying an appropriate stimulus such as heat. This is based on the following means.
[0011]
When a thin film of In—Sn—Zn—O in which the Sn concentration and the Zn concentration are appropriately controlled is formed, an amorphous structure is shown immediately after the film formation. And in the In-Sn-O film | membrane which does not have Zn formed by the low temperature process, the specific resistance immediately after film-forming becomes a little high. However, the resistance value can be significantly reduced by heat treatment. On the other hand, in an In—Zn—O film having no Sn, the specific resistance immediately after film formation can be reduced to some extent. The inventors of the present invention are able to reduce the specific resistance immediately after film formation even in an amorphous state by adding appropriate amounts of zinc oxide and tin oxide to indium oxide in order to realize these characteristics mutually. I found it. When a stimulus such as heat is applied to the film, the structure changes from amorphous to crystalline. With this crystallization, Sn enters the lattice points, carriers are generated, and the specific resistance is reduced. On the other hand, Zn enters the lattice points, so that it becomes difficult to give oxygen vacancies to In, and the resistance value reduction due to the effect of Zn is somewhat impeded. Therefore, the resistance value after heat treatment is somewhat inferior to that of a single composition ITO film, but the resistance value can be reduced immediately after film formation, and a transparent conductive film having a low resistance value can be obtained even after heat treatment. it can. In that sense, it can be considered that the function of the transparent conductive film is enhanced by a composite of In 2 O 3 , ZnO and SnO 2 .
[0012]
That is, the present invention is a transparent conductive laminate in which a transparent conductive film is formed on a polymer substrate by a DC magnetron sputtering method, preferably using a sintered target mainly composed of In-Sn-Zn-O. Thus, the Sn atomic concentration relative to the total atomic concentration of In and Sn falls within the range of 0.01 to 0.1, and the atomic concentration of Zn relative to the total atomic concentration of In and Zn falls within the range of 0.01 to 0.1. The transparent conductive laminate is characterized in that the ratio of the atomic concentration of Zn to the total of atomic concentrations of Sn and Zn is greater than 0 and less than 0.3. The specific resistance immediately after the film formation is 3.5 × 10 −4 to 5.0 × 10 −4 Ω · cm, and further 10 minutes at a temperature below the softening point temperature of the polymer substrate. The specific resistance of the film can be converted to 2.0 × 10 −4 to 3.5 × 10 −4 Ω · cm by heat-treating the film for a time of 300 minutes or less. At this time, the film thickness of the transparent conductive film is 100 to 2800 mm, and the thickness of the base polymer substrate is 0.01 to 0.4 mm.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described sequentially.
The transparent conductive laminate of the present invention is formed by forming a transparent conductive film on a polymer substrate.
[0014]
The transparent conductive film in the present invention is mainly composed of indium oxide, and tin oxide and zinc oxide are added. The ratio of the atomic concentration of Sn to the sum of the atomic concentrations of In and Sn is 0.01 to 0.1. The ratio of the atomic concentration of Zn to the sum of the atomic concentrations of In and Zn is in the range of 0.01 to 0.1, and the ratio of the atomic concentration of Zn to the sum of the atomic concentrations of Sn and Zn is It is in the range of more than 0 and less than 0.30, and preferably in the range of 0.10 to 0.25. When the Zn concentration relative to the sum of the Sn and Zn atomic concentrations is lower than 0.01, the specific resistance immediately after film formation does not decrease much. On the other hand, when the Zn concentration relative to the sum of the Sn and Zn atomic concentrations is lower than 0.3, the specific resistance immediately after film formation decreases, but the specific resistance increases after heat treatment.
[0015]
The polymer substrate used in the present invention is a polyester polymer, polyolefin polymer, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene 2,6 naphthalate or other polyester, polycarbonate, polyethersulfone, polyarylate, or other single component polymer, Alternatively, in order to impart an optical function or a thermodynamic function, a copolymerized polymer obtained by copolymerizing these polymers with the second and third components can be used. In particular, a polycarbonate having a bisphenol component and good transparency is suitable for optical applications. Examples of the bisphenol component include 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (bisphenol A), 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane (bisphenol Z), and 1,1-bis (4- Hydroxyphenyl) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 9,9-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene, 9,9-bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene. Two or more of these may be combined. That is, such polycarbonate may be a copolymer polycarbonate or a blend. Furthermore, in order to express a new function, a polymer in which a plurality of polymer bodies are blended can also be used. Furthermore, a multilayer coextruded polymer film can also be used.
[0016]
Moreover, although the thing of 0.01-0.4 mm can be used for the film thickness of a polymer substrate, about 0.1-0.2 mm is desirable from a viewpoint of visibility as optical uses, such as a liquid crystal.
[0017]
Further, the polymer substrate preferably has excellent optical isotropy, and a retardation of 20 nm or less, preferably 10 nm or less is suitable.
[0018]
In order to improve the adhesion with the transparent conductive film to be formed, to improve the durability of the polymer substrate, or to improve the gas barrier ability of the polymer substrate, the polymer substrate is at least on one side or both sides of the polymer substrate. You may have the coating layer which consists of one layer or more. This coating layer consists of an inorganic substance, an organic substance, or those composite materials, and the film thickness is preferably 0.01-20 micrometers. More desirably, it is desirably suppressed to about 10 mm. For forming the coating layer, a coating method using a coater, a spray method, a spin coating method, an in-line coating method and the like are often used, but this is not restrictive. Also, a method of physical vapor deposition (hereinafter referred to as PVD) or chemical vapor deposition (hereinafter referred to as CVD) such as sputtering or vapor deposition may be used. As the coating layer, a resin component such as an acrylic resin, a urethane resin, a UV curable resin, or an epoxy resin, or a mixture of these with inorganic particles such as alumina, silica, or mica may be used. Alternatively, the function of the coating layer may be provided by coextrusion of two or more polymer substrates. In PVD and CVD methods, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, and other oxides, silicon nitride, titanium nitride, tantalum nitride And fluorides such as magnesium fluoride and calcium fluoride can be used alone or as a mixture. A polymer substrate having such a coating layer desirably has low retardation and high transmittance as optical characteristics.
[0019]
As a method for forming the transparent conductive film in the present invention, a DC magnetron sputtering method, an RF magnetron sputtering method, an ion plating method, a vacuum evaporation method, a pulse laser deposition method, a formation method combining these, and the like can be used. Focusing on the industrial production of forming a transparent conductive film having a uniform film thickness over a large area, the DC magnetron sputtering method is desirable.
[0020]
As a target used for sputtering, a sintered target mainly containing In—Sn—Zn—O is preferably used, but an alloy target mainly containing In—Sn—Zn may be used.
[0021]
In the present invention, when the transparent conductive film is formed by the sputtering method, the pressure in the vacuum chamber for forming the transparent conductive film is once set to 1.3 × 10 −4 Pa or less, and then the inert gas and oxygen It can form with the manufacturing method which introduce | transduces. There is a concern that the pressure in the vacuum chamber for forming the transparent conductive film may once be 1.3 × 10 −4 Pa or less, which may remain in the vacuum chamber and affect the characteristics of the transparent conductive film. This is desirable because the influence of molecular species can be reduced. More desirably, it is 4 × 10 −5 Pa or less, and further desirably 2 × 10 −5 Pa or less.
[0022]
As the inert gas to be introduced next, He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe can be used, and it is said that the inert gas having a larger atomic weight causes less damage to the formed film and reduces the specific resistance. However, Ar is preferable from the viewpoint of cost. In order to adjust the oxygen concentration taken into the film, oxygen of 1 × 10 −4 to 1.3 × 10 −2 Pa in terms of partial pressure may be added to the inert gas. In addition to oxygen, O 3 , N 2 , N 2 O, NH 3 and the like can be used.
[0023]
In the present invention, the partial pressure of water in the vacuum chamber for forming the transparent conductive film may be 1.3 × 10 −4 Pa or less, and then formed by a manufacturing method in which an inert gas and oxygen are introduced. it can. More preferably, the water partial pressure is controlled to 4 × 10 −5 Pa or less, more preferably 2 × 10 −5 Pa or less.
[0024]
When determining the water pressure in the present invention, a differential exhaust type in-process monitor may be used. Alternatively, a quadrupole mass spectrometer having a wide dynamic range and capable of measurement even under a pressure of about 0.1 Pa may be used. In general, in a degree of vacuum of about 1 × 10 −5 Pa, it is water that forms the pressure. Therefore, the value measured by the vacuum gauge may be considered as the moisture pressure as it is.
[0025]
In the present invention, since a polymer substrate is used, the substrate temperature cannot be raised above the softening point temperature of the polymer substrate. Therefore, in order to form the transparent conductive film, the temperature of the polymer substrate needs to be about room temperature to below the softening point temperature. In the case of polyethylene terephthalate, which is a typical polymer substrate, the softening point temperature is about 80 ° C when no special treatment is performed, so the conductive layer is formed while maintaining the substrate temperature at 80 ° C or lower. Is desirable. More preferably, the conductive layer is formed at room temperature.
[0026]
The transparent conductive film formed according to the present invention exhibits a specific resistance of 3.5 × 10 −4 to 5.0 × 10 −4 Ω · cm immediately after film formation.
[0027]
When such a film is heat-treated at a temperature not exceeding the softening point temperature of the polymer substrate, the resistance value can be reduced as compared to immediately after the film formation. The heat treatment time is desirably 10 minutes or more and 300 minutes or less, preferably in a short time in view of industrial production. More desirably, it is in the range of 10 to 240 minutes, and more desirably 10 to 120 minutes. When the heat treatment time is less than 10 minutes, heating to the transparent conductive laminate is insufficient. In addition, the heat treatment longer than 300 minutes is a time that can reliably guarantee the stability of the polymer with respect to the temperature. For example, if a thermally stable polymer substrate is used, the heat treatment is as long as 1000 minutes. It doesn't matter. However, considering the actual process, it is preferable that the time is within about 300 minutes. By performing the heat treatment, the specific resistance of the film can be converted to 2.0 × 10 −4 to 3.5 × 10 −4 Ω · cm. Further, the same effect can be obtained by giving the transparent conductive film a stimulus in place of the heat treatment. For example, the same effect as the heat treatment can be obtained by irradiating a pulse laser or irradiating an electron beam. However, considering the capital investment, heat treatment is considered to be the most efficient. The atmosphere for performing the heat treatment may be in the air or in a vacuum atmosphere. Also, heat treatment in an inert gas atmosphere may be used. However, it is efficient and preferable to carry out in the atmosphere.
[0028]
The film thickness of the transparent conductive film is determined depending on the application. However, since flexibility deteriorates, it is not desirable to have a transparent conductive film of 3000 mm or more. Moreover, since the function as a transparent conductive film will deteriorate remarkably in the film thickness of 100 mm or less, the film thickness of 100 mm or less is not desirable. Therefore, the film thickness of the transparent conductive film of the present invention is desirably 100 to 2800 mm depending on the application.
[0029]
The surface resistance of the transparent conductive film in the present invention was measured using Loresta MP MCP-T350 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical. The film thickness of the transparent conductive film was calculated by measuring the step of the film formed on the glass using Dektak manufactured by Sloan, obtaining the sputtering rate, and calculating backward.
[0030]
In the present invention, not only the resistance value, but also X-ray diffraction that gives knowledge about the total light transmittance, which is one of the other basic physical quantities of the transparent conductive film, and the structure of the film is studied. . The total light transmittance was measured using NIPPON DENSHOKU 300A without separating the polymer substrate and the transparent conductive film. X-ray diffraction was measured using a RU-300 manufactured by Rigaku Corporation with an optical arrangement of a concentrated method.
[0031]
The structural characteristics have resulted in a mixture of amorphous and crystalline immediately after film formation. However, when heat treatment for 10 to 300 minutes is performed at a temperature lower than the softening point temperature of the polymer substrate, It can be converted into a quality film.
[0032]
In addition, the total light transmittance in the transparent conductive laminate of the present invention is good, and it is in the range of 70 to 88% immediately after the film formation by the above film formation method. When the heat treatment is carried out at a temperature not exceeding 10 to 300 minutes, the total light transmittance is further increased and can be converted to 80 to 89%.
[0033]
【Example】
Examples are shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0034]
[Example 1]
The back pressure of the vacuum chamber was 1.3 × 10 −5 Pa, oxygen was introduced as a reaction gas, Ar was further introduced as an inert gas, and the total pressure was 0.4 Pa. The moisture pressure before introducing the inert gas, measured with a quadrupole mass spectrometer, was almost equal to the back pressure of the vacuum chamber. The oxygen partial pressure was 2.7 × 10 −3 Pa.
[0035]
A 130 nm-thick transparent conductive film was formed on a polycarbonate substrate having a substrate temperature of 20 ° C. by a DC magnetron sputtering method at a power density of 1 W / cm 2 on a sintering target made of In—Sn—Zn—O. The ratio of the atomic concentration of Zn to the total atomic concentration of In and Zn was 0.022, and the ratio of the atomic concentration of Sn to the total atomic concentration of In and Sn was 0.092. The ratio of the atomic concentration of Zn to the total atomic concentration of Sn and Zn was 0.19.
[0036]
The specific resistance immediately after deposition of the film was measured with a four-terminal resistance meter, and it was 5.0 × 10 −4 Ω · cm. The total light transmittance was 81%.
[0037]
The film was heat-treated at 130 ° C., which is lower than the softening point temperature of polycarbonate, for 30 minutes, and the specific resistance was measured with a four-terminal resistance meter to be 2.3 × 10 −4 Ω · cm. The total light transmittance was 87%. When the heat treatment time was 240 minutes, the specific resistance and the total light transmittance were the same.
[0038]
Among the examples and comparative examples of the present invention, the ratio of the Sn atom concentration to the sum of the In atom concentration and the Sn atom concentration, the ratio of the Zn atom concentration to the sum of the In atom concentration and the Zn atom concentration, the Sn atom concentration of the Zn atom concentration The ratio to the sum of the Zn atom concentrations is summarized in Table 1 below. The specific resistance before and after heat treatment and the total light transmittance are also shown in Table 1.
[0039]
[Example 2]
The back pressure of the vacuum chamber was the same as in Example 1, oxygen was introduced as the reaction gas, Ar was further introduced as the inert gas, and the total pressure was 0.4 Pa. The water pressure before introducing the inert gas measured by a quadrupole mass spectrometer was almost equal to the back pressure of the vacuum chamber. The oxygen partial pressure was 3.5 × 10 −3 Pa.
[0040]
A 130 nm-thick transparent conductive film was formed on a polycarbonate substrate having a substrate temperature of 20 ° C. by a DC magnetron sputtering method at a power density of 1 W / cm 2 on a sintering target made of In—Sn—Zn—O. The ratio of the atomic concentration of Zn to the total atomic concentration of In and Zn was 0.018, and the ratio of the atomic concentration of Sn to the total atomic concentration of In and Sn was 0.099. The ratio of the atomic concentration of Zn to the total atomic concentration of Sn and Zn was 0.14.
[0041]
The specific resistance immediately after the formation of the film was measured with a four-terminal resistance meter to be 4.3 × 10 −4 Ω · cm. The total light transmittance was 80%.
[0042]
The film was heat-treated at 130 ° C., which is a temperature lower than the softening point temperature of the polycarbonate, for 30 minutes, and the specific resistance was measured with a four-terminal resistance meter to be 2.5 × 10 −4 Ω · cm. The total light transmittance was 85%. When the heat treatment time was 240 minutes, the specific resistance and the total light transmittance were the same.
[0043]
[Example 3]
The back pressure of the vacuum chamber was the same as in Example 1, oxygen was introduced as the reaction gas, Ar was further introduced as the inert gas, and the total pressure was 0.4 Pa. The water pressure before introducing the inert gas measured by a quadrupole mass spectrometer was almost equal to the back pressure of the vacuum chamber. The oxygen partial pressure was 2.7 × 10 −3 Pa.
[0044]
A 130 nm film is formed on a polycarbonate substrate on which a 3 mm organic coating layer is formed on both surfaces of a sintered target composed of In—Sn—Zn—O by a DC magnetron sputtering method at a power density of 1 W / cm 2. A thick transparent conductive film was formed. The ratio of the atomic concentration of Zn to the total atomic concentration of In and Zn was 0.022, and the ratio of the atomic concentration of Sn to the total atomic concentration of In and Sn was 0.092. The ratio of the atomic concentration of Zn to the total atomic concentration of Sn and Zn was 0.19.
[0045]
The specific resistance immediately after film formation was measured with a four-terminal resistance meter to be 4.9 × 10 −4 Ω · cm. The total light transmittance was 84%.
[0046]
The film was heat-treated at 130 ° C., which is lower than the softening point temperature of polycarbonate, for 30 minutes, and the specific resistance was measured with a four-terminal resistance meter to be 2.4 × 10 −4 Ω · cm. The total light transmittance was 87%. When the heat treatment time was 240 minutes, the specific resistance and the total light transmittance were the same.
[0047]
[Comparative Example 1]
The back pressure of the vacuum chamber was the same as in Example 1, oxygen was introduced as the reaction gas, Ar was further introduced as the inert gas, and the total pressure was 0.4 Pa. The water pressure before introduction of the reaction gas and the inert gas, measured with a quadrupole mass spectrometer, was almost equal to the back pressure of the vacuum chamber. The oxygen partial pressure was 2.7 × 10 −3 Pa.
[0048]
A 130 nm-thick transparent conductive film was formed on a polycarbonate substrate having a substrate temperature of 20 ° C. by a DC magnetron sputtering method at a power density of 1 W / cm 2 on a sintering target made of In—Sn—Zn—O. The ratio of the atomic concentration of Zn to the total atomic concentration of In and Zn was 0.042, and the ratio of the atomic concentration of Sn to the total atomic concentration of In and Sn was 0.073. The ratio of the atomic concentration of Zn to the total atomic concentration of Sn and Zn was 0.37.
[0049]
The specific resistance immediately after the film was formed was measured with a four-terminal resistance meter and found to be 3.4 × 10 −4 Ω · cm. The total light transmittance was 84%.
[0050]
The film was heat-treated at 130 ° C., which is a temperature lower than the softening point temperature of polycarbonate, for 30 minutes, and the specific resistance was measured with a four-terminal resistance meter to be 5.1 × 10 −4 Ω · cm. The total light transmittance was 86%. When the heat treatment time was 240 minutes, the specific resistance and the total light transmittance were the same.
[0051]
Although the specific resistance immediately after the film formation is slightly improved, the specific resistance increases with the heat treatment, and it is difficult to call a low specific resistance film.
[0052]
[Comparative Example 2]
The back pressure of the vacuum chamber was the same as in Example 1, oxygen was introduced as the reaction gas, Ar was further introduced as the inert gas, and the total pressure was 0.4 Pa. The water pressure before introduction of the reaction gas and the inert gas, measured with a quadrupole mass spectrometer, was almost equal to the back pressure of the vacuum chamber. The oxygen partial pressure was 3.3 × 10 −3 Pa.
[0053]
A 130 nm-thick transparent conductive film was formed on a polycarbonate substrate having a substrate temperature of 20 ° C. by a DC magnetron sputtering method at a power density of 1 W / cm 2 on a sintering target made of In—Sn—Zn—O. Zinc oxide was not added. The ratio of the Sn atomic concentration to the total atomic concentration of In and Sn was 0.093.
[0054]
The specific resistance immediately after the film was formed was measured with a four-terminal resistance meter and found to be 5.6 × 10 −4 Ω · cm. The total light transmittance was 80%.
[0055]
The film was heat-treated at 130 ° C., which is lower than the softening point temperature of polycarbonate, for 30 minutes, and the specific resistance was measured with a four-terminal resistance meter to be 2.0 × 10 −4 Ω · cm. The total light transmittance was 86%. When the heat treatment time was 240 minutes, the specific resistance and the total light transmittance were the same.
[0056]
Although the specific resistance is significantly reduced by the heat treatment, the specific resistance immediately after film formation is high.
[0057]
[Table 1]
[0058]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, in a transparent conductive laminate formed on a polymer substrate by a low temperature process, a transparent conductive laminate having a low resistance value immediately after film formation and a lower resistance value after heat treatment is obtained. Can be given.
Claims (4)
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