JP4011421B2

JP4011421B2 - Plate material with improved heat transfer efficiency and heat transfer structure using the same plate material

Info

Publication number: JP4011421B2
Application number: JP2002196818A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 誠一前田
Original assignee: 株式会社イゼナ
Priority date: 2002-07-05
Filing date: 2002-07-05
Publication date: 2007-11-21
Anticipated expiration: 2022-07-05
Also published as: JP2004036287A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は家屋等の構造物の一部として利用する部材に係り、特に蓄熱材に対して太陽光の熱を効果的に伝達するよう構成した板材に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
発明者等は水或いはこれに類する液体を充填した袋状の容器を蓄熱材として家屋等の構造物の床面下部等に配置し、床面を介して室内空間を暖房する構造を提案している（特願平５−１３５１７８号、同５−１９９８３号、同１０−４２９８１号等）。
【０００３】
図７及び図８において、根太と称される仕切材５２により構造物（家屋）の床面の下部に形成された空間内に蓄熱材として袋状の水容器５０がそれぞれ配置されている。水容器５０を各空間部に配置したならば床板５１を張って床面が形成される。
【０００４】
この構成により、例えば冬季に床面に照射する日光は床面を温め、この熱は床面の下部空間に配置されている水容器５０内の水Ｗに伝達され蓄熱される。蓄熱された熱は夜間等、周囲の温度が低下すると放熱され、室内を温める。なお、この場合、水容器５０に対して電気ヒータ等の発熱材を配置して、前記日光による蓄熱に加えて水容器５０に直接伝熱する方法も併用することができる。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述の構成において、床面に照射した日光による熱は床材を介して水容器５０に伝達されるので、水容器５０に対する熱の伝達はこの床材の熱伝達率により決定されてしまう。床部は通常、木材である板材を張りつめることより形成されるわけであるが、木材は顕微鏡的には小さな空隙を多数有する構造となっており、どちらかと言うと熱伝達性よりも断熱性が勝る素材である。従って単なる家屋の構成部材として形成されている従来の板材では、熱伝達率にも自ずと限界がある。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は上述の問題点に鑑み構成されたものであって、家屋の床材或いは外壁更には屋根部等に配置し、高い集熱率と熱伝達率を達成するよう構成した板材である。
即ち、本発明は家屋の床面、外壁等を形成する板材の構造に係り、板材の少なくとも一部を金属等の熱伝達率の高い材料により構成し、当該板材の受光面に対向する面に近接位置し或いは密着している水容器等の蓄熱材たる受熱対象物に対する熱伝達を高めるよう構成した板材であることを特徴とする。
また、この板材を用いて水容器やコンクリート等の蓄熱材に対して太陽光の熱を効果的に伝達するよう構成した伝熱構造であることを特徴とする。
【０００７】
【発明の実施の形態】
床面や壁面を形成するための板材は、複数の部材から構成されており、板材の長手方向両側縁は木材により木質部が形成され、例えば複数の板材を用いて床面とする場合に、各板材を固定するためにこの木質部を釘打ちすることにより従来板材と同じように扱うことが可能に構成されている。
【０００８】
両側縁部に囲まれた中央部はアルミニウム等をはじめとする金属等伝熱性の高い材料からなる伝熱部となっている。この伝熱部の構成は各種のものが考えられ、例えば伝熱部の上面部分をアクリル樹脂或いはガラス等の光透過性を有する材料により覆う構成、或いは上下２枚の熱伝達部材を有する構成、上下２枚の熱伝達部材の間に、同じ材料からなる垂直壁部を配置する構成、或いは熱伝達部材を両側縁の木材部と同じ厚さにした構成等、色々な構造を構成することが可能である。
【０００９】
【実施例】
以下、図面を用いて本発明の実施例を説明する。
図１（Ａ）乃至（Ｄ）は本発明に係る板材の構成例を示す。なお、各図に示される構成は、板材を構成する各部材の配置関係を示すため、各部材の組み合わせは簡略化して示されており、板材として強度等を考慮した構成ではない。即ち実際の板材としては例えば図３に示すように伝熱部材をユニット化したり、伝熱部材と木質部との取り合わせを段部を用いて強固に係合させる等、板材として一定の強度を保持するような構成とすることが望ましい。
【００１０】
先ず図１（Ａ）おいて、図は板材をその幅方向に切断した断面図である。板材１Ａの長手方向両端は木材を素材とする木質部２Ａ、２Ｂとなっている。３は伝熱部材であって、アルミニウム等の金属をはじめとする熱伝導性の高い材料により形成され、かつ長手方向の両側縁は前記木質部２Ａ、２Ｂにそれぞれ固定されている。
【００１１】
符号４は透明板であって、アクリル樹脂、ガラス等光の透過性が高い材料により形成されている。この透明板４も前記伝熱部材３と同様その長手方向両側縁は木質部２Ａ、２Ｂに固定され、これら木質部２Ａ、２ＡＢ、伝熱部材３、透明板４が一体的に構成されることにより一枚の板材１Ａを構成している。
【００１２】
以上の構成において、太陽光Ｌは透明板４を透過して直接伝熱部材３に至り、伝熱部材３を加熱する。伝熱部材３の熱は当該伝熱部材３の裏面側に熱線Ｂ₁として伝達され、伝熱部材３の裏面側に配置された水容器或いはコンクリート等の蓄熱材に伝熱する。また当然のことながらこれら蓄熱材が伝熱部材３の裏面に密着位置している場合には、太陽光の熱はこの蓄熱材に対して直接熱伝達される。
【００１３】
なおこの構成において伝熱部材３の表面である受光面を例えば艶消しの黒色等で着色したり、酸化膜の形成、或いはセラミックコーティングを行ったり、選択吸収層処理を行う等により処理面（以下「吸熱処理面」とする）３ａを形成することよって、より一層高い熱効率を得ることが可能となる。因みに、発明者等がこの板材１を、背後に蓄熱材を配置しない状態で太陽光に晒した際、伝熱部材３の表面温度は１７０℃以上に上昇し、この板材１Ａが極めて高い伝熱効率を有していることが確認できた。
【００１４】
以上の構成の板材１Ａにおいて、この板材１Ａを床材として用いた場合、板材１Ａの裏面には例えば図７及び図８に示す水容器５０が配置され、昼間ではこの板材１を介して太陽光Ｌは熱線Ｂ₁を介して、或いは水容器５０が直接密着配置されている場合には直接的な熱伝達により水容器５０に伝熱され、水容器５０内の水Ｗを加熱昇温させる。一方夜間では水容器５０に蓄えられた熱が逆に伝熱部材３、透明板４を介して室内側に放射される。
【００１５】
図１（Ｂ）は第２の構成の板材１Ｂを示す。
前記構成の板材１Ａに対して、この構成の板材１Ｂでは透明板４に変えて、伝熱部材３と同じ構成の上部伝熱部材５が配置されている。また上部伝熱部材５の表面及び裏面には前記伝熱部材３の表面に形成され吸熱処理面と同様の吸熱処理面５ａ、５ｂが形成されている。
【００１６】
この構成の板材１Ｂでは、太陽光Ｌは上面の伝熱部材５を加熱し、かつこの加熱により生じた熱線Ｂ₂が下面の伝熱部材３に至り、この伝熱部材３を加熱し、更にこの下面の伝熱部材３の熱線Ｂ₁が背面にある蓄熱材を加熱する。この構成は前記透明板４を用いた板材１Ａに比較して伝熱効率はやや低下するものの、板材全体としての強度を高めることができる。
【００１７】
図１（Ｃ）は第３の構成の板材１Ｃを示す。
この構成は前記第２の構成の板材１Ｂの変形例とも言える構成であって、上下の伝熱部材５および３の間に垂直壁部６が形成され、上下の伝熱部材５、３及び垂直壁部６が一体的に構成され、全体が一つの伝熱部材として構成されている。太陽光Ｌは、その一部が前記板材１Ｂの場合と同様熱線Ｂ₂により下面の伝熱部材３に伝達され、また残りは垂直部材６を介して、熱Ｂ₃として伝熱部材３側に直接伝達される。
【００１８】
図１（Ｄ）は第４の構成の板材１Ｄを示す。
この構成の板材１Ｄは伝熱部材７が両側縁の木質部２Ａ、２Ｂとほぼ同じ厚さに形成されている。また太陽光Ｌを有効に吸収するため伝熱部材７の受光面である表面にはやはり吸熱処理面７ａが形成されている。
【００１９】
太陽光Ｌは吸熱処理面７ａを介して伝熱部材７に吸収され、その熱は伝熱部材７の裏面側に熱Ｂ₃として直接伝達され、伝熱部材７の裏面からの熱線Ｂ₁として放射される。この構成の板材１Ｄは、板材としては最も強固に構成することが可能であるが、伝熱効率は前記３者の構成に比較して劣るものである。また、他の実施例と相違して空間部を持たないため後述する連通する空気通路を有する伝熱構造には利用できない。従って例えばこの板材１Ｄは、例えば室内でピアノを配置する等、重量物を配置する場合、この重量物配置部分に対してのみ張る板材として利用する等の用途が考えられる。
【００２０】
図２（Ａ）は伝熱部材３がユニット化して構成されている。図中符号８はユニット化した伝熱部材（以下「伝熱ユニット」と称する）を示す。この伝熱ユニット８は図１の（Ａ）、（Ｂ）に示される伝熱部材３に対応する伝熱部８ａと、この伝熱部８ａの両側部に立設位置する壁部８ｂ、８ｃとが一体的に形成されることにより構成され、木質部２Ａ、２Ｂはこの壁部８ｂ、８ｃと係合している。この伝熱ユニット８の上部に透明板４が嵌挿配置されている。
【００２１】
また伝熱部８ａの受光部側には凹凸面８ａ´が形成されている。図示の場合はこの凹凸面８ａ´は、板材１Ｅの長手方向に対して平行に連接形成された断面三角形の多数の溝として構成されている。この凹凸面８ａ´は一定角度をもって照射される太陽光Ｌを有効に受光する。
【００２２】
次に図２（Ｂ）及び（Ｃ）は以上各図に示した板材１Ａ乃至１Ｅの構成に加えて、他の機能を付加した構成の板材を示している。即ち、板材の一部に太陽電池を組み込み、板材そのものに前記伝熱能力の他に発電能力も付加した構成を示している。
【００２３】
先ず太陽電池の性質として、電池の温度が上昇すると電圧が大幅に低下し、反対に発電される電流は増加する。しかし電流の増加量は微々たるものである。即ち太陽電池を含め、電力の出力は電流値と電圧値の積で表すことができるため、太陽電池の温度上昇は出力の低下につながることになり、発電効率上何らかの手段で太陽電池を冷却するのが望ましい。
【００２４】
図２（Ｂ）において、符号９は太陽電池である。太陽電池９は図１（Ａ）の構成の伝熱部材３と同様、板材１Ｆの長手方向に対して配置され、上部に配置された透明板４と共にその両側部が前記板材１Ｅにおける伝熱ユニット８の壁部と同様の構成の壁部８ｂ、８ｃにより挟持され、かつこれら壁部８ｂ、８ｃは木質部２Ａ、２Ｂと係合することにより全体が一つの板材１Ｆとして一体化されている。
【００２５】
この構成において、太陽光Ｌは透明板４を透過して太陽電池９に至り、これにより太陽電池９は発電を行う。一方太陽光Ｌの照射により太陽電池９自体が昇温するが、この太陽電池９の熱は熱線Ｂ₁として太陽電池９の裏面に配置された水容器等の蓄熱材に伝熱される。つまり太陽電池９側からみればこの熱伝達は蓄熱材による太陽電池９の冷却を意味する。以上の構成により板材１Ｆは伝熱と太陽光発電とを同時に実施でき、かつ太陽電池９は蓄熱材側に伝熱、即ち蓄熱材による冷却が行われるため効率の良い発電も可能となる。
【００２６】
なお、例えば特公昭５９−５８０７号等、太陽電池の冷却と、この冷却に使用した媒体の利用方法等に関する発明が相当数提案されているが、本発明のように蓄熱材側に対する伝熱、蓄熱材側からの伝熱（放熱）、太陽光発電、太陽電池の冷却の全てを、床材、壁材等として家屋等の構造物そのものに組み込まれる素材である板材として形成されたものは提案されていない。
【００２７】
図２（Ｃ）は上記図２（Ａ）及び（Ｂ）の構成を合成した構成となっている。即ち、符号８に示すように伝熱ユニットが形成され、太陽電池９はこの伝熱ユニット８の伝熱部８ａに載置されるように配置されている。この構成とすることにより、太陽電池９からの熱伝達は伝熱部８ａを介して行われるため、蓄熱材側に対する伝熱効率はやや低下するものの、板材１Ｇとしての強度は前記板材１Ｆよりも高くすることができる。すなわち、前記板材１Ｆの構成は板材に対して余り荷重がかからない屋根材や壁材として好適であり、（Ｃ）に示す板材１Ｇの構成は床材等、家具や人の荷重が直接加わる床板材として好適に使用することができる。
【００２８】
図３は更に別の構成の板材１Ｈを示す。図中符号１０は伝熱ユニットである。この伝熱ユニットは下部伝熱部１０ａ、この下部伝熱部１０ａに平行に配置されている上部伝熱部１０ｂ、およびこれら上下の伝熱部１０ａ、１０ｂの両側縁部に連接されている壁部１０ｃ、１０ｄが一体的に連接されることにより一つのユニットとして構成されている。またこの伝熱ユニット１０の上部伝熱部１０ｂの受光部側には透明板４が嵌挿配置されている。
【００２９】
次に上部伝熱部１０ｂの上面（受光面）及び下面は前記板材１Ｅにおける伝熱部８の凹凸面８ａ´と同様の凹凸面１０ｂ´が形成されている。これにより上部伝熱部１０ｂと透明板４とは密着せず、凹凸面１０ｂ´の溝に対応する部分が空気層として両者の間に介在位置することになる。
【００３０】
次に上部伝熱部１０ｂの裏面、及びこの裏面と対向する下部伝熱部１０ａの上面にもそれぞれ凹凸面１０ｂ´´、１０ａ´が形成されている。なおこの場合、凹凸面１０ｂ´、１０ｂ´´、１０ａ´のうち少なくとも凹凸面１０ｂ´には板材１Ａ乃至１Ｄに示すような吸熱処理面を形成しておくことが望ましい。
【００３１】
この構成の板材１Ｈにおいては、太陽光Ｌは透明板４を透過して上部伝熱部１０ｂを加熱する。この場合凹凸面１０ｂ´が形成されていることにより熱効率が高いことが実験的に確かめられている。これは、透明板４を介して上部伝熱部１０ｂの凹凸面１０ｂ´に照射した太陽光Ｌにより加熱された当該上部伝熱部１０ｂから透明板４側に放射された熱ビームの大半が、この透明板４により上部伝熱部１０ｂ側に反射することより伝熱部材１０ｂ側に戻り、結果的に太陽光照射時に板材１Ｈから外部に放射される熱量が少ないためと思われる。
【００３２】
太陽光Ｌにより加熱された上部伝熱部１０ｂの熱は熱線Ｂ₂として下部伝熱部１０ａに伝達される。この場合上下の伝熱部１０ｂ及び１０ａに凹凸面１０ｂ´´及び１０ａ´が形成されることにより放熱部と受熱部の面積を大きく設定することができ、伝熱効率を高くすることができる。
【００３３】
図４（Ａ）及び（Ｂ）は図３の板材１Ｈにおけるイ部に対応する部分の別の構成例を示す。（Ａ）及び（Ｂ）共に透明板４側に凹凸面が形成された構成となっている。
【００３４】
先ず図４（Ａ）の構成においては、透明板４の上部伝熱部１０ｂに対向する面には断面三角形の溝部が連接されることにより凹凸面４´が構成されており、この凹凸面４´により上部伝熱部１０ｂと透明板４との間に空気層１１が形成される。また同（Ｂ）の構成では断面略四角形の溝部が連接されることによる凹凸面４´´が形成されている。なお（Ａ）、（Ｂ）何れの構成も、上部伝熱部１０ｂの受光面には図１（Ａ）において示されている吸熱処理面１２が形成されている。透明板４がアクリル樹脂である場合には、このような凹凸面を有するアクリル板材が市販品として販売されているので、図４（Ａ）、（Ｂ）の構成とすると板材をより安価に製作できる。
【００３５】
図５及び図６は以上に示した板材の空間部を利用してより一層熱効率を高めるよう構成した床構造を示す。
本発明に係る板材１は図５に示すように、従来の床板と全く同様に、木質部２Ａ、２Ｂ介して仕切材５２に釘打ちする方法により床張りをすることができる。この場合、例えば図１（Ａ）乃至（Ｃ）、図２（Ａ）乃至（Ｃ）、図３に示す板材１Ａ〜１Ｃ、１Ｅ〜１Ｇ、１Ｈは透明板４或いは上部伝熱部と、下部の伝熱部又は太陽電池との間に空間部が形成されている。
【００３６】
図示の構成はこの空間部を空気の通路として利用することにより蓄熱材に対する熱効率をより高くするよう構成している。図５において、各板材１の一端には送風用連通路（以下「送風ヘッダ」とする）１３が接続している。送風ヘッダ１３内には送風手段としてファン（シロッコファン等）１４が配置されている。また各板材１の他端には連通用のヘッダ（以下「連通ヘッダ」とする）１５が設けられている。
【００３７】
図示の構成では各水容器５０の下面にも板材１が配置され、送風ヘッダ１３、床面を形成する各板材１、連通ヘッダ１５及び水容器５０の下部に配置された各板材１により空気の循環流路が形成される。なお、水容器５０の下部の空気通路を形成する材料は必ずしも板材１である必要はなく、要するに空気が流動する空間部が確保されればよい。但し、下部の空気通路を形成する材料の下部には断熱材層１６を形成して熱が床下に逃げないようにしておくのが望ましい。
【００３８】
なお、各実施例において示す木質部２Ａ、２Ｂは、本発明に係る板材が釘打ち等、従来の施工を可能にするためのものである。従って当該木質部２Ａ、２Ｂは上記施工が可能であれば必ずしも木材である必要はなく、例えば軟質のプラスチック、微細粒子を接着剤等のバインダーで固めた合成材料等その内容を問うものではない。またこれも従来から実施されている各板材の側縁部を嵌合固定させて釘を使わない施工方式では、前記木質部を設けず板材全体を伝熱部とすることも当然可能である。
【００３９】
また、本発明の板材１は構造物のうちの特定部分、例えば床面を構成する場合、その床面全てに付いて使用する必要は必ずしも無く、例えば冬季に太陽光が照射する部分にのみ用い、他の部分は従来の床材を使用し、吸熱は本発明に係る床材が主として行い、蓄熱材からの放熱は従来の床材の部分も含めて床面全体により行う等の方法ももとより実施可能である。この場合には前記木質部２Ａ、２Ｂにより従来の床板に対して何の支障も無く取り合わせが可能である。
【００４０】
【発明の効果】
以上本発明に係る板材によれば、床板、壁板或いは屋根材として家屋等の構造物の構成材料として直接利用可能であり、しかも従来の木材による板材に比較して熱伝達率が非常に高いので板材の裏面に配設された水容器或いはコンクリート等の蓄熱材に対して太陽光による熱を効果的に伝達でき、かつ夜間等では蓄熱材に蓄熱された熱を高効率で室内に放熱するので暖房等を効果的に実施することが可能となる。
【００４１】
また、側縁部の木質部を用いることによって、釘打ち等により従来の板材と全く同様の施工が可能であり、家屋等の構造物を構成する素材として従来の木材等による板材と全く同様に利用することが可能である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】（Ａ）は本発明の板材の第１の構成例を示す板材の断面図、（Ｂ）は第２の構成例を示す板材の断面図、（Ｃ）は第３の構成例を示す板材の断面図、（Ｄ）は第４の構成例を示す板材の断面図である。
【図２】（Ａ）は本発明の板材の第５の構成例を示す板材の断面図、（Ｂ）は第６の構成例を示す板材の断面図、（Ｃ）は第７の構成例を示す板材の断面図である。
【図３】本発明の板材の第８の構成例を示す板材の断面図である。
【図４】（Ａ）は図３のイ部に対応する部分の板材の第９の構成例を示す板材の断面部分図、（Ｂ）は同じ部分の板材の第１０の構成例を示す板材の断面部分図である。
【図５】本発明に係る板材を一部張った状態の床部平面図である。
【図６】図５のＡ−Ａ線による断面図である。
【図７】従来の板材を一部張った状態の床部平面図である。
【図８】図７のＢ−Ｂ線による断面図である。
【符号の説明】
１、１Ａ〜１Ｈ板材
２Ａ、２Ｂ木質部
３伝熱部材
３ａ吸熱処理面
４透明板
４´、４´´ 凹凸面（透明板側）
５上部伝熱部
６垂直壁部
８伝熱ユニット
８ａ伝熱部
８ａ´ 凹凸面
９太陽電池
１０伝熱ユニット
１０ａ下部伝熱部
１０ｂ上部伝熱部
１０ｂ´、１０ｂ´´ 凹凸面
１１空気層
１３送風ヘッダ
１４ファン
１５連通ヘッダ
Ｂ₁、Ｂ₂ 熱線
Ｌ太陽光[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a member used as a part of a structure such as a house, and more particularly to a plate material configured to effectively transmit sunlight heat to a heat storage material.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The inventors have proposed a structure in which a bag-like container filled with water or a similar liquid is disposed as a heat storage material on the lower part of a floor of a structure such as a house and the indoor space is heated via the floor. (Japanese Patent Application Nos. 5-135178, 5-19983, 10-42981, etc.).
[0003]
7 and 8, a bag-like water container 50 is disposed as a heat storage material in a space formed in the lower part of the floor surface of the structure (house) by a partition material 52 called joist. If the water container 50 is arrange | positioned in each space part, the floor surface will be formed by extending | stretching the floor board 51. FIG.
[0004]
With this configuration, for example, sunlight that irradiates the floor surface in the winter season warms the floor surface, and this heat is transmitted to the water W in the water container 50 disposed in the lower space of the floor surface to be stored. The stored heat is dissipated when the ambient temperature drops, such as at night, and warms the room. In this case, a method of arranging a heat generating material such as an electric heater with respect to the water container 50 and directly transferring heat to the water container 50 in addition to the heat storage by the sunlight can be used in combination.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the above-described configuration, heat due to sunlight irradiated on the floor surface is transmitted to the water container 50 through the floor material, so that the heat transfer to the water container 50 is determined by the heat transfer coefficient of the floor material. The floor is usually formed by tensioning a plate material made of wood, but the wood has a structure with a large number of small voids microscopically. It is a superior material. Therefore, the conventional plate material formed as a mere component of a house naturally has a limit in heat transfer coefficient.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
This invention is comprised in view of the above-mentioned problem, Comprising: It is the board | plate material which has arrange | positioned on the flooring of a house, an outer wall, further a roof part etc., and achieves a high heat collecting rate and a heat transfer rate.
That is, the present invention relates to a structure of a plate material forming a floor surface, an outer wall, etc. of a house, and at least a part of the plate material is made of a material having a high heat transfer coefficient such as a metal, and the surface facing the light receiving surface of the plate material. It is a board | plate material comprised so that the heat transfer with respect to the heat receiving object which is heat storage materials, such as a water container etc. which adjoined or closely_contact | adhered, is characterized.
Moreover, it is the heat-transfer structure comprised so that the heat | fever of sunlight may be effectively transmitted with respect to heat storage materials, such as a water container and concrete, using this board | plate material.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The plate material for forming the floor surface and the wall surface is composed of a plurality of members, and both side edges in the longitudinal direction of the plate material are formed with wood parts, for example, when a plurality of plate materials are used as the floor surface, By nailing the wood portion to fix the plate material, it can be handled in the same manner as a conventional plate material.
[0008]
The central part surrounded by both side edges is a heat transfer part made of a material having high heat transfer properties such as metal such as aluminum. Various configurations of the heat transfer unit are conceivable, for example, a configuration in which the upper surface portion of the heat transfer unit is covered with a light-transmitting material such as acrylic resin or glass, or a configuration having two upper and lower heat transfer members, Various structures such as a configuration in which a vertical wall portion made of the same material is disposed between two upper and lower heat transfer members, or a configuration in which the heat transfer member has the same thickness as the wood portions on both side edges can be configured. Is possible.
[0009]
【Example】
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
1A to 1D show structural examples of a plate material according to the present invention. In addition, since the structure shown by each figure shows the arrangement | positioning relationship of each member which comprises a board | plate material, the combination of each member is shown simplified and it is not the structure which considered the intensity | strength etc. as a board | plate material. That is, as an actual plate material, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, the heat transfer member is unitized, and the heat transfer member and the wood portion are firmly engaged with each other using a stepped portion, so that a certain strength is maintained as the plate material. Such a configuration is desirable.
[0010]
First, in FIG. 1A, the drawing is a cross-sectional view of a plate material cut in the width direction. Both ends in the longitudinal direction of the plate 1A are wood portions 2A and 2B made of wood. Reference numeral 3 denotes a heat transfer member, which is formed of a material having high heat conductivity such as a metal such as aluminum, and both side edges in the longitudinal direction are fixed to the wood portions 2A and 2B, respectively.
[0011]
Reference numeral 4 denotes a transparent plate, which is made of a material having a high light transmittance such as acrylic resin or glass. Similarly to the heat transfer member 3, both sides of the transparent plate 4 in the longitudinal direction are fixed to the wood portions 2A and 2B, and the wood portions 2A and 2AB, the heat transfer member 3 and the transparent plate 4 are integrally formed. A single plate material 1A is formed.
[0012]
In the above configuration, sunlight L passes through the transparent plate 4 and directly reaches the heat transfer member 3 to heat the heat transfer member 3. The heat of the heat transfer member 3 is transmitted to the back side of the heat transfer member 3 as a heat ray B _{1 and} is transferred to a heat storage material such as a water container or concrete disposed on the back side of the heat transfer member 3. Naturally, when these heat storage materials are located in close contact with the back surface of the heat transfer member 3, the heat of sunlight is directly transferred to the heat storage material.
[0013]
In this configuration, the light-receiving surface, which is the surface of the heat transfer member 3, is colored with, for example, matte black, formed with an oxide film, or coated with ceramic, or treated with a selective absorption layer (hereinafter referred to as a treatment surface). By forming 3a (referred to as “heat-absorbing surface”), it becomes possible to obtain even higher thermal efficiency. Incidentally, when the inventors exposed this plate material 1 to sunlight in a state where no heat storage material is arranged behind, the surface temperature of the heat transfer member 3 rises to 170 ° C. or more, and this plate material 1A has an extremely high heat transfer efficiency. It was confirmed that the
[0014]
In the plate material 1A having the above configuration, when the plate material 1A is used as a floor material, for example, a water container 50 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 is disposed on the back surface of the plate material 1A, and sunlight is passed through the plate material 1 in the daytime. L is transferred to the water container 50 through the heat wire B ₁ or when the water container 50 is directly in close contact with the water container 50, and the water W in the water container 50 is heated and heated. On the other hand, at night, the heat stored in the water container 50 is radiated indoors through the heat transfer member 3 and the transparent plate 4.
[0015]
FIG. 1B shows a plate material 1B having a second configuration.
In contrast to the plate member 1A having the above-described configuration, the plate member 1B having this configuration is provided with an upper heat transfer member 5 having the same configuration as the heat transfer member 3 instead of the transparent plate 4. Further, on the front surface and the back surface of the upper heat transfer member 5, there are formed heat-absorbing surfaces 5a and 5b that are formed on the surface of the heat-transfer member 3 and are similar to the heat-absorbing surface.
[0016]
In the plate 1 </ b> B having this configuration, the sunlight L heats the heat transfer member 5 on the upper surface, and the heat ray B ₂ generated by this heating reaches the heat transfer member 3 on the lower surface, heats the heat transfer member 3, and The heat ray B ₁ of the heat transfer member 3 on the lower surface heats the heat storage material on the rear surface. This configuration can increase the strength of the entire plate material, although the heat transfer efficiency is slightly lower than that of the plate material 1A using the transparent plate 4.
[0017]
FIG. 1C shows a plate material 1C having a third configuration.
This configuration can be said to be a modification of the plate material 1B of the second configuration, in which a vertical wall portion 6 is formed between the upper and lower heat transfer members 5 and 3, and the upper and lower heat transfer members 5, 3 and The wall portion 6 is integrally formed, and the whole is configured as one heat transfer member. A part of the sunlight L is transmitted to the heat transfer member 3 on the lower surface by the heat ray B ₂ as in the case of the plate material 1B, and the rest is transferred to the heat transfer member 3 side as heat B ₃ through the vertical member 6. Directly transmitted.
[0018]
FIG. 1D shows a plate material 1D having a fourth configuration.
In the plate 1D having this configuration, the heat transfer member 7 is formed to have substantially the same thickness as the wood portions 2A and 2B on both side edges. Moreover, in order to absorb sunlight L effectively, the heat-absorbing heat-treating surface 7a is also formed on the surface that is the light-receiving surface of the heat transfer member 7.
[0019]
Sunlight L is absorbed in the heat transfer member 7 through the heat absorbing treated surface 7a, the heat is transmitted directly as heat B ₃ on the back side of the heat transfer member 7, as a heat ray B ₁ from the back surface of the heat transfer member 7 Radiated. The plate material 1D having this configuration can be configured most strongly as a plate material, but the heat transfer efficiency is inferior to that of the above-described three-member configuration. In addition, unlike the other embodiments, since it does not have a space portion, it cannot be used for a heat transfer structure having a communicating air passage which will be described later . Therefore, for example, the plate material 1D may be used as a plate material that is stretched only on the heavy object arrangement portion when a heavy object is arranged, for example, in a room where a piano is arranged.
[0020]
In FIG. 2A, the heat transfer member 3 is configured as a unit. Reference numeral 8 in the figure denotes a unitized heat transfer member (hereinafter referred to as “heat transfer unit”). The heat transfer unit 8 includes a heat transfer portion 8a corresponding to the heat transfer member 3 shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, and wall portions 8b and 8c that are erected on both sides of the heat transfer portion 8a. Are integrally formed, and the wood portions 2A and 2B are engaged with the wall portions 8b and 8c. The transparent plate 4 is fitted and disposed on the heat transfer unit 8.
[0021]
An uneven surface 8a ′ is formed on the light receiving portion side of the heat transfer portion 8a. In the case of illustration, this uneven surface 8a 'is configured as a large number of grooves having a triangular cross-section connected in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the plate 1E. This uneven surface 8a 'effectively receives sunlight L irradiated with a certain angle.
[0022]
Next, FIGS. 2B and 2C show a plate material having a configuration in which other functions are added to the configuration of the plate materials 1A to 1E shown in the drawings. That is, a configuration is shown in which a solar cell is incorporated in a part of the plate material, and in addition to the heat transfer capability, a power generation capability is added to the plate material itself.
[0023]
First, as a property of the solar cell, when the temperature of the battery rises, the voltage is greatly reduced, and the generated current is increased. However, the increase in current is negligible. In other words, since the power output including the solar cell can be expressed by the product of the current value and the voltage value, the temperature increase of the solar cell will lead to a decrease in the output, and the solar cell is cooled by some means in terms of power generation efficiency. Is desirable.
[0024]
In FIG. 2B, reference numeral 9 denotes a solar cell. Similar to the heat transfer member 3 having the configuration shown in FIG. 1A, the solar cell 9 is arranged with respect to the longitudinal direction of the plate 1F, and the transparent plate 4 arranged on the upper side thereof and both sides thereof are the heat transfer units in the plate 1E. The wall portions 8b and 8c having the same configuration as that of the wall portion 8 are sandwiched between the wall portions 8b and 8c, and the wall portions 8b and 8c are integrated as a single plate member 1F by engaging with the wood portions 2A and 2B.
[0025]
In this configuration, the sunlight L passes through the transparent plate 4 and reaches the solar cell 9, whereby the solar cell 9 generates power. On the other hand, the solar cell 9 itself is heated by the irradiation of sunlight L, and the heat of the solar cell 9 is transferred to a heat storage material such as a water container disposed on the back surface of the solar cell 9 as a heat ray B ₁ . That is, when viewed from the solar cell 9 side, this heat transfer means cooling of the solar cell 9 by the heat storage material. With the above configuration, the plate material 1F can perform heat transfer and solar power generation at the same time, and the solar cell 9 performs heat transfer to the heat storage material side, that is, cooling by the heat storage material, so that efficient power generation is also possible.
[0026]
In addition, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 59-5807, etc., a considerable number of inventions related to solar cell cooling and a method of using the medium used for this cooling have been proposed, but heat transfer to the heat storage material side as in the present invention, Proposal is made as a plate material that is a material that incorporates heat transfer (heat radiation) from the heat storage material side, solar power generation, solar cell cooling as a flooring material, wall material, etc. into a structure such as a house itself It has not been.
[0027]
FIG. 2C shows a configuration obtained by synthesizing the configurations of FIGS. 2A and 2B. That is, a heat transfer unit is formed as indicated by reference numeral 8, and the solar cell 9 is disposed so as to be placed on the heat transfer portion 8 a of the heat transfer unit 8. By adopting this configuration, heat transfer from the solar cell 9 is performed via the heat transfer section 8a, so that the heat transfer efficiency to the heat storage material side is slightly reduced, but the strength as the plate material 1G is higher than that of the plate material 1F. can do. That is, the configuration of the plate material 1F is suitable as a roofing material or a wall material that does not apply excessive load to the plate material, and the configuration of the plate material 1G shown in (C) is a flooring material such as a flooring material that is directly subjected to furniture or human loads. Can be suitably used.
[0028]
FIG. 3 shows a plate member 1H having another configuration. Reference numeral 10 in the figure denotes a heat transfer unit. The heat transfer unit includes a lower heat transfer unit 10a, an upper heat transfer unit 10b arranged in parallel to the lower heat transfer unit 10a, and walls connected to both side edges of the upper and lower heat transfer units 10a and 10b. The units 10c and 10d are integrally connected to form a unit. Further, a transparent plate 4 is fitted and disposed on the light receiving part side of the upper heat transfer part 10b of the heat transfer unit 10.
[0029]
Next, an uneven surface 10b ′ similar to the uneven surface 8a ′ of the heat transfer portion 8 in the plate 1E is formed on the upper surface (light receiving surface) and the lower surface of the upper heat transfer portion 10b. As a result, the upper heat transfer portion 10b and the transparent plate 4 are not in close contact with each other, and a portion corresponding to the groove of the concavo-convex surface 10b ′ is interposed between the two as an air layer.
[0030]
Next, uneven surfaces 10 b ″ and 10 a ′ are also formed on the back surface of the upper heat transfer portion 10 b and the upper surface of the lower heat transfer portion 10 a facing the back surface, respectively. In this case, it is desirable to form a heat absorbing surface as shown in the plate materials 1A to 1D on at least the uneven surface 10b ′ of the uneven surfaces 10b ′, 10b ″, 10a ′.
[0031]
In the plate 1H having this configuration, sunlight L passes through the transparent plate 4 and heats the upper heat transfer section 10b. In this case, it has been experimentally confirmed that the thermal efficiency is high by forming the uneven surface 10b '. This is because most of the heat beam radiated to the transparent plate 4 side from the upper heat transfer portion 10b heated by the sunlight L irradiated to the uneven surface 10b 'of the upper heat transfer portion 10b through the transparent plate 4, This is probably because the transparent plate 4 returns to the heat transfer member 10b side by being reflected to the upper heat transfer unit 10b side, and as a result, the amount of heat radiated to the outside from the plate material 1H during sunlight irradiation is small.
[0032]
Heat of the heated upper heat transfer unit 10b by sunlight L is transmitted to the lower heat transfer unit 10a as heat ray B _2. In this case, the uneven surfaces 10b "and 10a 'are formed on the upper and lower heat transfer parts 10b and 10a, so that the areas of the heat radiating part and the heat receiving part can be set large, and the heat transfer efficiency can be increased.
[0033]
4 (A) and 4 (B) show another configuration example of a portion corresponding to the portion A in the plate material 1H of FIG. Both (A) and (B) have a configuration in which an uneven surface is formed on the transparent plate 4 side.
[0034]
First, in the configuration shown in FIG. 4A, an uneven surface 4 'is formed by connecting a groove portion having a triangular cross section to the surface of the transparent plate 4 facing the upper heat transfer portion 10b. As a result, an air layer 11 is formed between the upper heat transfer section 10b and the transparent plate 4. In the configuration (B), an uneven surface 4 ″ is formed by connecting groove portions having a substantially square cross section. In both the structures (A) and (B), the heat absorbing surface 12 shown in FIG. 1A is formed on the light receiving surface of the upper heat transfer section 10b. When the transparent plate 4 is an acrylic resin, an acrylic plate material having such an uneven surface is sold as a commercial product, so that the plate material can be manufactured at a lower cost with the structure shown in FIGS. 4 (A) and 4 (B). it can.
[0035]
5 and 6 show a floor structure configured to further increase the thermal efficiency by utilizing the space portion of the plate material described above.
As shown in FIG. 5, the plate material 1 according to the present invention can be floored by a method of nailing the partition material 52 through the wood parts 2A and 2B, just like the conventional floor board. In this case, for example, the plate members 1A to 1C, 1E to 1G, and 1H shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C, 2A to 2C, and 3 are the transparent plate 4 or the upper heat transfer portion and the lower portion. A space portion is formed between the heat transfer portion and the solar cell.
[0036]
The configuration shown in the figure is configured to further increase the thermal efficiency of the heat storage material by using this space portion as an air passage. In FIG. 5, a blowing communication path (hereinafter referred to as “blower header”) 13 is connected to one end of each plate member 1. A fan (such as a sirocco fan) 14 is disposed in the blower header 13 as a blower. A communication header (hereinafter referred to as “communication header”) 15 is provided at the other end of each plate member 1.
[0037]
In the configuration shown in the drawing, the plate material 1 is also arranged on the lower surface of each water container 50, and the air header 13, each plate material 1 forming the floor surface, the communication header 15, and each plate material 1 arranged at the lower part of the water container 50 allow air to flow. A circulation channel is formed. In addition, the material which forms the air path of the lower part of the water container 50 does not necessarily need to be the board | plate material 1, In short, the space part which air flows should just be ensured. However, it is desirable to form a heat insulating material layer 16 below the material forming the lower air passage so that heat does not escape under the floor.
[0038]
In addition, the wood parts 2A and 2B shown in each embodiment are for enabling the conventional construction such as nailing the plate material according to the present invention. Therefore, the wood parts 2A and 2B are not necessarily made of wood if the above construction is possible, for example, soft plastics, synthetic materials obtained by solidifying fine particles with a binder such as an adhesive, and the like. In the construction method in which the side edge portions of the respective plate members are fitted and fixed and the nail is not used, it is naturally possible to provide the entire plate member as the heat transfer portion without providing the wood portion.
[0039]
Moreover, when the board | plate material 1 of this invention comprises the specific part of structures, for example, a floor surface, it is not necessary to use it attaching to all the floor surfaces, for example, it uses only for the part which sunlight irradiates in winter, for example The other parts use the conventional flooring, the heat absorption is mainly performed by the flooring according to the present invention, and the heat release from the heat storage material is performed by the entire floor including the conventional flooring. It can be implemented. In this case, the wooden parts 2A and 2B can be combined with the conventional floor board without any trouble.
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
As mentioned above, according to the board | plate material which concerns on this invention, it can be directly utilized as a structural material of structures, such as a house, as a floor board, a wall board, or a roof material, and also has a very high heat transfer rate compared with the board | plate material by the conventional wood. Therefore, heat from sunlight can be effectively transferred to a water container or concrete heat storage material arranged on the back side of the plate material, and heat stored in the heat storage material can be radiated indoors with high efficiency at night. Therefore, it becomes possible to implement heating etc. effectively.
[0041]
In addition, by using the wood part of the side edge part, it is possible to perform the same construction as a conventional plate material by nailing, etc., and as a material constituting a structure such as a house, it is used just like a conventional wood plate material. Is possible.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1A is a cross-sectional view of a plate material showing a first configuration example of the plate material of the present invention, FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of a plate material showing a second configuration example, and FIG. 1C is a third configuration example; Sectional drawing of the board | plate material which shows this, (D) is sectional drawing of the board | plate material which shows the 4th structural example.
2A is a cross-sectional view of a plate material showing a fifth configuration example of the plate material of the present invention, FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of a plate material showing a sixth configuration example, and FIG. 2C is a seventh configuration example; It is sectional drawing of the board | plate material which shows.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a plate material showing an eighth configuration example of the plate material of the present invention.
4A is a partial cross-sectional view of a plate material showing a ninth configuration example of a portion of the plate material corresponding to the portion of FIG. 3, and FIG. 4B is a plate material showing a tenth configuration example of the same portion of the plate material. FIG.
FIG. 5 is a plan view of a floor portion in a state where a plate material according to the present invention is partially stretched.
6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
FIG. 7 is a plan view of a floor portion in a state where a conventional plate material is partially stretched.
8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
1, 1A-1H Plate material 2A, 2B Wood part 3 Heat transfer member 3a Heat-absorbing surface 4 Transparent plate 4 ', 4''Uneven surface (transparent plate side)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 5 Upper heat transfer part 6 Vertical wall part 8 Heat transfer unit 8a Heat transfer part 8a 'Uneven surface 9 Solar cell 10 Heat transfer unit 10a Lower heat transfer part 10b Upper heat transfer part 10b', 10b '' Uneven surface 11 Air layer 13 Blower header 14 Fan 15 Communication header B ₁ , B ₂ Heat wire L Sunlight

Claims

A plate material that can be used as a floor plate of a structure such as a house, and is configured to transmit sunlight heat to a heat storage material such as a water container or concrete disposed on the back surface of the plate material. to the longitudinal direction, the heat transfer portion is formed by heat transfer member made of high thermal conductivity such as a metal material material is placed vertically through the space, at least one of the side edges of the heat transfer portion One side edge is provided with a wood part that can be nailed, etc., and the heat energy of sunlight received by the heat transfer part is transmitted to the heat storage material arranged on the back surface of the heat transfer part through the heat transfer part. A plate material with improved heat transfer efficiency, characterized in that it is configured.

A plate material that can be used as a floor plate of a structure such as a house, and is configured to transmit sunlight heat to a heat storage material such as a water container or concrete disposed on the back surface of the plate material. With respect to the longitudinal direction, a transparent plate made of a light-transmitting material is arranged at the upper part, and a heat transfer member made of a material having a high heat transfer coefficient such as a metal material is arranged at the lower part through the space. Thus, a heat transfer part is configured, and a wooden part capable of nailing or the like is provided on at least one side edge of both side edges of the heat transfer part, and the heat energy of sunlight received by the heat transfer part is related to the heat transfer part. A plate material with improved heat transfer efficiency, wherein the heat transfer efficiency is transmitted to a heat storage material disposed on the back surface of the heat transfer unit via a heat unit.

Plate with increased heat transfer efficiency according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of vertical wall portions are formed between the upper and lower heat transfer member.

Of the upper and lower surfaces of the upper heat transfer member and the upper surface of the lower heat transfer member, at least the sunlight receiving surface that is the upper surface of the upper heat transfer member is configured as an uneven surface. The board | plate material which improved the heat-transfer efficiency of Claim 1 or Claim 3 .

A transparent plate is arranged with respect to the upper heat transfer member, and an uneven surface is formed on at least the heat transfer member contact surface of the sunlight receiving surface of the upper heat transfer member or the heat transfer member contact surface of the transparent plate. Ruyori, plate material according to claim 1 or with increased heat transfer efficiency according to claim 3, characterized by being configured such that an air layer is formed between the transparent plate and the upper heat transfer member.

A transparent plate made of a light-transmitting material such as an acrylic resin is disposed on the sunlight receiving side of the plate material, and the solar cell alone or the back surface of the solar cell and the solar cell through the space in the lower part in the thickness direction of the plate material The heat transfer efficiency plate according to claim 2, wherein the lower heat transfer member is formed of the solar cell alone or the solar cell and the heat transfer member by disposing the heat transfer member on the plate.

The surface of the transparent plate are formed uneven surface, and the uneven surface is claim 5 or claim, characterized by being configured such that the surface facing the irradiation direction of the sunlight are a large number 6 Plate material with improved heat transfer efficiency as described in 1.

In the plate material, a space is formed between the upper and lower heat transfer members or the upper transparent plate and the lower heat transfer member, and a plurality of the plate materials are arranged so as to cover the upper surface of the heat storage material such as a water container. An air passage having a ventilation function equivalent to that of the plate material forming the space portion or the plate material is formed on the lower surface of the heat storage material, and one end of the upper and lower plate materials or the upper plate material and the lower air passage is connected by a blower header, And, the other end is communicated by a communication header so that air flows and flows through the upper and lower plate materials or the upper plate material and the lower air passage. In addition to direct heating by the plate material on the surface of the heat storage material, A heat transfer structure using a plate material with improved heat transfer efficiency, characterized in that the heat transfer efficiency for the heat storage material is further increased by circulating and flowing air.