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JP4066101B2 - Low emissivity laminate manufacturing method - Google Patents

Low emissivity laminate manufacturing method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4066101B2
JP4066101B2 JP28586497A JP28586497A JP4066101B2 JP 4066101 B2 JP4066101 B2 JP 4066101B2 JP 28586497 A JP28586497 A JP 28586497A JP 28586497 A JP28586497 A JP 28586497A JP 4066101 B2 JP4066101 B2 JP 4066101B2
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Prior art keywords
emissivity
laminate
oxide
low
target
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JPH11124689A5 (en
JPH11124689A (en
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壽 大崎
ゆう子 橘
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AGC Inc
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Asahi Glass Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3618Coatings of type glass/inorganic compound/other inorganic layers, at least one layer being metallic
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
    • C03C17/3602Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
    • C03C17/3657Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer the multilayer coating having optical properties
    • C03C17/366Low-emissivity or solar control coatings

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は低放射率積層体の製造方法に係り、特に可視光透過率が高く、放射率の小さい大面積積層体の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
低放射率積層体は、熱線の放射を抑制して冷暖房の負荷を軽減する等の目的のため、建築物や自動車等の窓ガラスなどに広く応用されている。
【0003】
この積層体の特性としては、熱線の放射を少なくするとともに、窓ガラス等に応用されるため、可視光をできるだけ多く透過することが要求され、これに応えるべく、積層体の構成として、ガラス等の透明基体の上に、酸化物層、低放射率金属層、酸化物層を積層したもの、あるいはさらに低放射率金属層、酸化物層を繰り返し積層したものが一般的に採用されている。
【0004】
一方、積層体の形成方法としては、蒸着、スパッタ、塗布等の種々の方法があるが、窓ガラスのような大面積基板上に積層体を均一に形成する場合には、一般に、スパッタ法が用いられ、高速成膜を行う必要上、直流スパッタ法が用いられる。
【0005】
積層体は、基板上に、酸化物層、金属層、酸化膜層の順に所望の膜厚成膜して形成するが、酸化物層の成膜には、通常、酸化物を構成する金属のターゲットを用いた反応性スパッタ法が用いられる。しかし、この方法で金属層上に酸化物層を成膜すると、酸化物層の形成時に金属層表面が酸化されてしまい、その結果、積層体の特性が低下してしまうという問題があった。
【0006】
そこで、金属層の酸化を防止するため、金属層形成後、酸化物を構成する金属又はその窒化物等からなるバリヤ層を設け、酸化物層成膜時に金属層表面の酸化を防ぐとともに、酸化物成膜時にこのバリヤ層を酸化して、金属層上に酸化物層を形成するという検討がなされている。
【0007】
しかし、金属層を酸化させない状態でバリヤ層を完全に酸化するのは容易でない。バリヤ層が完全に酸化しないときは可視光透過率が低下してしまうし、一方、バリヤ層のみならず金属層の一部でも酸化してしまうと、積層体の放射率が上昇してしまうことになる。即ち、この方法は、成膜中の条件を高精度に制御する必要があるとともに、このバリヤ層を形成するための工程が必要となり、積層体の生産性が悪いという問題があった。
【0008】
また、可視光領域全体の透過率を高め、しかも放射率を低く保つためには、少なくとも、金属層上に成膜される酸化物層には、屈折率が2.0以上の高屈折率酸化物を用いるのが好ましいが、このような酸化物の反応性スパッタ法による成膜速度は小さく、また、成膜速度を大きくすると膜厚分布が大きくなるため、大面積において均一な低放射率積層体を作ることは困難となるという問題がある。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
かかる状況に鑑み、本発明は、上記従来の問題を解決し、可視光透過率が高く、しかも放射率の低い大面積積層体を、均一にかつ高速に製造することが可能な製造方法を提供することを目的とする。また、本発明は、高歩留まりで、しかも高い生産性で、低放射率積層体を製造することが可能な製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の低放射率積層体の製造方法は、透明基体上に、少なくとも、銀、銅若しくは金又はこれらを主成分とする合金である低放射率金属層及び屈折率が2.0以上の酸化物層を形成してなる低放射率積層体の製造方法であって、前記低放射率金属層を成膜した後、直接、前記酸化物層を、該酸化物の還元性のターゲットを用いて直流スパッタ法により成膜することを特徴とする。
【0011】
本発明において、前記酸化物は、二酸化チタン、五酸化ニオブ、五酸化タンタル、三酸化タングステン、三酸化モリブデン、もしくは、これらを2つ以上含む酸化物とすることが好ましい。
【0012】
また、前記ターゲットは、チタニア粉末若しくはこれとチタン粉末の混合物を原材料とし、高圧圧縮法、焼結法若しくは熔射法により製造したものであることを特徴とする。
また、前記酸化物層は、スパッタガスとして、0.1〜10体積%の酸化性ガスを含む不活性ガスを用いてスパッタ法により成膜することを特徴とする
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明により製造される低放射率積層体は、透明基板上に、低放射率の金属層、屈折率が2.0以上の酸化物層を積層したものであって、金属層上に酸化物層を形成する際の金属層表面の酸化を防止して、優れた可視光透過率特性及び放射率特性を示す積層体である。なお、積層体の構成としては、上記屈折率が2.0以上の酸化物層の上に、さらに金属層及び酸化物層の単位で繰り返し積層してもよい。また、透明基体上に、酸化物層、特に屈折率が2.0以上の酸化物層を設けるのが好ましい形態である。かかる積層体の製造方法の一例を以下に説明する。
【0014】
本発明において、低放射率金属層上に屈折率2.0以上の酸化物層の成膜には、還元性ターゲット、即ち、酸化物の化学量論組成に対し酸素が欠乏しているターゲットを用い、直流スパッタ法により行う。
【0015】
このようなターゲットを用いることにより、金属層表面の酸化を抑制して、酸化物層を形成することが可能となり、また、安定した放電状態が維持できるため、大面積基板への均一な成膜が可能となる。
【0016】
なお、本発明の積層体の屈折率が2.0以上の酸化物層としては、可視光透過率が高く、しかも放射率の小さい積層体を得る観点から、二酸化チタン(TiO2)、五酸化ニオブ(Nb23)、五酸化タンタル(Ta25)、三酸化タングステン(WO3)、三酸化モリブデン(MoO3)若しくはこれらを2以上含む酸化物が好適に用いられるが、これら酸化物層成膜用のターゲットの具体的な組成としては、TiOx(1<x<2);Nb2x,Ta2x(4<x<5);WOx,MoOx(2<x<3)とするのが好ましく、比抵抗としては、10Ω・cm以下が好ましく、1Ω・cm以下とするのがより好ましい。
【0017】
このターゲットの製造方法としては、酸化物粉末又はこれと酸化物構成金属粉末との混合物を用い、例えば、国際公開WO97/08359号公報に記載された高圧圧縮法、焼結法、溶射法等により作製することができる。例えば、TiO2成膜用のターゲットは、チタニア粉末又はこれとTi粉末の混合物を上記方法で作製する。
【0018】
また、本発明のスパッタガスとして、0.1〜10体積%の酸化性ガスを含む不活性ガスを用いるのが好ましい。さらには、酸化ガス濃度を0.1〜5体積%とするのがより好ましい。酸化性ガス濃度を上記範囲とすることにより、屈折率が2.0以上の酸化物層を形成時において、低反射率金属層の酸化をより一層抑制することができ、放射率の低い積層体を製造することが可能となる。なお、本発明において、酸化性ガスには、酸素ガスが一般的に用いられるが、一酸化窒素、二酸化窒素、一酸化炭素、二酸化炭素、オゾン等を用いることもできる。
【0019】
本発明の製造方法により、金属膜の酸化を抑制しつつ、屈折率の高い酸化膜を形成することができ、その結果、可視領域全体の透過率を向上し、かつ低放射率の積層体が得られるのは、以下の理由によるものと考えられる。
【0020】
一般に、酸化物を反応性スパッタ法により成膜すると、酸化性ガスを多く含んだスパッタガスを用いて成膜する必要がある。ここで、酸化性ガスが、一般に用いられる酸素ガスである場合、酸素原子は数十eVの運動エネルギーを持つ電子と衝突した際に最も負イオンになりやすく、その確率は20から30%にも達する。このようにして生じた酸素負イオンは、負に印加されたターゲット付近の電界により、基板方向に進み、既に成膜されている低放射率の金属層に衝突する。本発明者の実験結果によると、このときの酸素負イオンの運動エネルギーは平均で100から200eVであり、低放射率の金属層に平均深さで1.5nm程度打ち込まれ、かかる金属を酸化する。この酸化により放射率は増加し、低い放射率を持った積層体を得ることができない。
【0021】
このため、従来は、低放射率の金属上に2nm程度の厚さのバリヤ層を成膜し、これに続く酸化物の成膜の際にバリヤ層がもっぱら酸化し、低放射率の金属を酸化させないようにしていた。しかし、バリヤ層が完全に酸化しなければ可視光透過率は低下し、また、バリヤ層の膜厚が不十分であれば低放射率の金属が酸化され放射率の低い積層体は得られなくなる。このように、バリヤ層を最適にするのは極めて困難であり、高い可視光透過率と低い放射率を持った積層体を得ることは従来の技術では容易ではない。
【0022】
これに対し、本発明のように化学量論組成よりも酸素が欠乏した酸化物のターゲット(還元性酸化物ターゲット)を用い、反応性スパッタ法に比べてスパッタガス中の酸化性ガスを低濃度とすることにより、酸化性負イオンによる低放射率金属層の酸化はほとんど生じなくなる。これは、次に述べる理由によるものと考えられる。つまり、酸化物ターゲットからスパッタされて放出される酸素は遊離してスパッタガス成分とはならず、およそ数eVから数十eVの運動エネルギーを持って基板に衝突する。このときの酸素の低放射率金属層への平均の進入深さは1〜2オングストローム以下であり、低放射率金属層の酸化はほとんど無視できうる程度のものである。
【0023】
以上のことから、還元性酸化物ターゲットを用いて成膜した場合は、バリヤ層を用いる必要がなくなり、高い可視光透過率と低い放射率を持つ積層体を容易に得ることができたと考えられる。
【0024】
また、従来の成膜方法、即ち、金属ターゲットを用いた反応性スパッタ法により、屈折率を2.0以上の酸化物層を成膜するのは、その成膜速度が非常に小さく、しかも大面積の均一成膜は困難という問題がある。成膜速度を改善するために、ターゲット表面が金属状態もしくは部分酸化状態であり、しかも、基板では酸化物が得られる状態を維持するように、投入電力に応じて成膜室のスパッタガス中の酸化性ガス濃度を適正値に制御する必要がある。しかし、ターゲット表面の酸化状態の維持はプラズマ中の金属の発光強度を測定しながら、その発光強度に応じて、導入する酸化性ガスの量をダイナミック制御するなどの方法により実現されるが、ターゲット表面の状態の変化が数秒以下の時間で生じるのに対し、導入する酸化性ガス量を変化させるのに数十秒近くかかることから、このダイナミック制御を正確に行うのは容易なことではない。さらに、大面積の基板に、このダイナミック制御を用いた方法を適用しようとすると、ターゲットの各場所において、主にマグネトロンスパッタのための磁場強度と酸化性ガスの濃度に分布が生じるために、ターゲット表面の酸化状態が異なり、これに伴って成膜速度が異なって、成膜される酸化物の膜厚に分布が生じることとなる。この膜厚不均一性を改善することは容易ではなく、大面積に均一に積層体を成膜することは困難である。
【0025】
この従来の方法に対し、本発明においては、還元性酸化物ターゲットを用い、少ない酸化性ガスを含むスパッタガスにより成膜を行うため、ターゲットの各位置での成膜速度の均一性は極めて優れており、容易に大面積に均一に積層体を成膜することができる。
【0026】
従来の積層体の製造方法では、低放射率金属層上にバリヤ層を設け、この上に屈折率が2.0未満の酸化物層を成膜して、積層体を形成するのが一般的であった。
【0027】
これに対し、本発明において、屈折率が2.0以上の酸化物層を用いるのは、低放射率金属の膜厚を大きくしても、可視光透過率の減少が屈折率が2.0未満の酸化物を用いた場合に比較して抑えることができ、バリヤ層を設けずにすむことと相まって、高い可視光透過率を維持しつつ、さらに低い放射率を持つ積層体の形成が可能となるからである。そして、かかる酸化物層の高速成膜を可能としたからである。
【0028】
即ち、本発明は、本発明者らがより高特性の低放射率積層体の開発を目的に行った一連の実験を通して得られた上記新規知見に基づくものであり、低放射率の金属層上に直接屈折率が2.0以上の酸化物層を成膜することにより、さらには、かかる酸化物層を還元性の酸化物ターゲットを直流スパッタにより成膜することにより、大面積に均一に低い放射率を持つ積層体を高速に成膜することを可能ならしめたものである。そして、安定した成膜が可能となるため、特性の揃った低放射率積層体を再現性良く製造することが可能となる。さらに、バリヤ層を形成する必要がないため、積層体の生産性が向上する。
【0029】
なお、本発明において、ガラス等の透明基板に形成する酸化物層(屈折率2.0以上の酸化物層の場合も含む)も、金属層上に形成する場合と同様の方法で形成してもよいが、これに限らず公知の方法で形成してもよい。また、金属層は、不活性ガスにより直流スパッタ法に形成するのが好ましいが、これに限るものではない。
【0030】
本発明の低放射率金属としては、銀、銅、金またはこれらを主成分とする合金が用いられる。
【0031】
また、透明基体としては、ソーダライムガラス、網入りガラス、フロストガラス等の一般の窓ガラス、自動車用のガラスの他、PET等のプラスチックフィルム等にも用いられる。
【0032】
【実施例】
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明をより詳細に説明するが、本発明が実施例に限定るされることない。
【0033】
(実施例1)
図1に示すスパッタ装置を用いて、ガラス基板(300mm×300mm)を搬送しながら、基板上にTiO2/Ag/TiO2の積層膜を形成した。
【0034】
まず、432mm×127mmの面積を持つTiOx(x=1.94)をターゲットとして用い、投入電力を4kWとし、2体積%の酸素を含むアルゴンガスをスパッタガスとして、ソーダライムガラス上に、33nmのチタニア(TiO2)を成膜した。
【0035】
このTiO2上に、432mm×127mmの面積を持つパラジウム(Pd)を1原子%含むAgをターゲットを用い、スパッタガスをアルゴンガスとして、0.3kWの電力を投入して、Pdを1原子%含むAgを10nm成膜した。
【0036】
さらに、これらの上に、先と同様の方法で、TiO2を33nm成膜した。なお、成膜速度は88nm/分であった。
【0037】
得られた積層体の可視光透過率、日射透過率、放射率をJIS R3106に従って、基板上の10点について測定したところ、可視光透過率は79.4±2.3%、日射透過率は65.1±1.7%、放射率は0.12±0.003であった。
【0038】
即ち、本実施例の製造方法により、以上のいずれの特性においても優れた積層体が均一にかつ高速得られることが分かった。
【0039】
(実施例2)
実施例1と同様にして、Pdを1原子%含む銀層の膜厚を12,14,16,18,20nmに変えて積層体を形成し、可視光透過率、日射透過率、放射率を測定した。得られた可視光透過率、日射透過率、放射率を実施例1の結果と共に表1に示す。
【0040】
【表1】

Figure 0004066101
表1が示すように、銀層の厚さを20nmまで増加しても、なお高い透過率を示し、積層体としての優れた特性を示すことが分かった。
【0041】
(比較例1)
432mm×127mmの面積を持つTiOx(x=1.94)をターゲットとして用い、投入電力を4kWとし、2体積%の酸素ガスを含むアルゴンガスをスパッタガスとして、ソーダライムガラス上に、33nmのTiO2を成膜した。
【0042】
このTiO2上に、432mm×127mmの面積を持つPdを1原子%含むAgをターゲットとし、スパッタガスをアルゴンガスとして、0.3kWの電力を投入して、Pdを1原子%含むAgを14nm成膜した。
【0043】
この後、432mm×127mmの面積を持つTiをターゲットとして用い、投入電力を4kWとし、酸素ガス(100%)をスパッタガスとして、TiO2を33nm成膜した。なお、成膜速度は9.2nm/分であった。
【0044】
得られた積層体の銀層は酸化しており、積層体の可視光透過率は69.4±15%であり、日射透過率は66.7±13%、放射率は0.87±0.12となり、実施例1に比べて低い特性しか得られず、バラツキも大きいものであった。
【0045】
(比較例2)
432mm×127mmの面積を持つTiOx(x=1.94)をターゲットとして用い、投入電力を4kWとし、2体積%の酸素ガスを含むアルゴンガスをスパッタガスとして、ソーダライムガラス上に、33nmのTiO2を成膜した。
【0046】
このTiO2上に、432mm×127mmの面積を持つPdを1原子%含むAgをターゲットとし、スパッタガスをアルゴンガスとして、0.3kWの電力を投入して、Pdを1原子%含むAgを10nm成膜した。
【0047】
さらに、これらの上に、432mm×127mmの面積を持つTiをターゲットとして用い、投入電力を0.25kWとし、アルゴンガスをスパッタガスとして、Tiを0.5nm成膜した。
【0048】
この後、432mm×127mmの面積を持つTiをターゲットとして用い、投入電力を4kWとし、酸素ガス(100%)をスパッタガスとして、TiO2を27nm成膜した。
【0049】
得られた積層体の銀層は、比較例1と同様に酸化されて、放射率は0.72となり、低い放射率を持った積層体は得られなかった。
【0050】
また、チタンの膜厚を1nmに変えても、積層体の銀層は酸化されて、放射率は0.56となり、低い放射率を持った積層体は得られなかった。
【0051】
(比較例3)
432mm×127mmの面積を持つTiOx(x=1.94)をターゲットとして用い、投入電力を4kWとし、2体積%の酸素ガスを含むアルゴンガスをスパッタガスとして、ソーダライムガラス上に、33nmのTiO2を成膜した。
【0052】
このTiO2上に、432mm×127mmの面積を持つPdを1原子%含むAgをターゲットとし、スパッタガスをアルゴンガスとして、0.3kWの電力を投入して、Pdを1原子%含むAgを14nm成膜した。
【0053】
さらに、これらの上に、432mm×127mmの面積を持つTiをターゲットとして用い、投入電力を0.25kWとし、アルゴンガスをスパッタガスとして、Tiを1.5nm成膜した。
【0054】
この後、432mm×127mmの面積を持つTiをターゲットとして用い、投入電力を4kWとし、酸素ガス(100%)をスパッタガスとして、TiO2を29nm成膜した。
【0055】
プラズマの密度に分布が存在するためによると考えられるが、得られた積層体の銀層の一部は酸化されていた。
【0056】
積層体の可視光透過率は75±8%であり、日射透過率は69±9%、放射率は0.4±0.2となり、特性のバラツキは大きいものであった。
【0057】
なお、酸化されていない部分の特性を測定すると、可視光透過率は83.7%であり、日射透過率は62.7%、放射率は0.08であった。
【0058】
また、チタンの膜厚を2nmに変えても、やはり、積層体の銀層の一部は酸化されており、酸化されていない部分の特性を測定すると、可視光透過率は83.0%であり、日射透過率は60.8%、放射率は0.08であった。
【0059】
さらに、チタンの膜厚を2.5nmに変えると、積層体の銀層は酸化されなくなり、可視光透過率は80.2%であり、日射透過率は57.7%、放射率は0.08であった。
【0060】
このように、バリヤ層としてのTiの膜厚を増していくことにより、可視光透過率は低下し、また、Ti層が次のTiO2の成膜時に一部酸化されるが、一部が酸化されずに存在することから、高い可視光透過率を維持しながら、低い放射率を持つ積層体を得ることが困難であることがわかる。
【0061】
(比較例4)
432mm×127mmの面積を持つTiOx(x=1.94)をターゲットとして用い、投入電力を4kWとし、2体積%の酸素ガスを含むアルゴンガスガスをスパッタガスとして、ソーダライムガラス上に、33nmのTiO2を成膜した。
【0062】
このTiO2上に、432mm×127mmの面積を持つPdを1原子%含むAgをターゲットとし、スパッタガスをアルゴンガスとして、0.3kWの電力を投入して、Pdを1原子%含むAgを10nm成膜した。
【0063】
さらに、これらの上に、432mm×127mmの面積を持つTiをターゲットとして用い、投入電力を0.25kWとし、アルゴンガスをスパッタガスとして、Tiを1.5nm成膜した。
【0064】
この後、432mm×127mmの面積を持つTiをターゲットとして用い、投入電力を4kWとし、酸素ガスをスパッタガスとして、TiO2を27nm成膜した。
【0065】
得られた積層体の銀層の一部は酸化されており、積層体の基板全体としての特性は、可視光透過率は77±7%であり、日射透過率は66±9%、放射率は0.4±0.3となり、バラツキは大きいものであった。
【0066】
同様の積層体を銀層の膜厚を12,14,16,18,20nmに変えて成膜し、酸化されていない部分の特性を測定した。結果を表2に示す。
【0067】
【表2】
Figure 0004066101
(比較例5)
432mm×127mmの面積を持つアルミニウムを3原子%含む亜鉛をターゲットとして用い、投入電力を2kWとし、アルゴンガスに30体積%の酸素を含むガスをスパッタガスとして、ソーダライムガラス上に、46nmの酸化亜鉛を成膜した。
【0068】
この酸化亜鉛上に、432mm×127mmの面積を持つPdを1原子%含むAgをターゲットとし、スパッタガスをアルゴンガスとして、0.3kWの電力を投入して、Pdを1原子%含むAgを10nm成膜した。
【0069】
さらに、これらの上に、432mm×127mmの面積を持つガリウムを5.7重量%含む酸化亜鉛をターゲットとして用い、投入電力を0.5kWとし、アルゴンガスをスパッタガスとして、酸化亜鉛を2nm成膜した。
【0070】
この後、432mm×127mmの面積を持つアルミニウムを3原子%含む亜鉛をターゲットとして用い、投入電力を2kWとし、30体積%の酸素を含むアルゴンガスをスパッタガスとして、酸化亜鉛を40nm成膜した。
【0071】
同様にして、銀層の膜厚だけを12,14,16,18,20nmに変えて、積層体を作製した。得られた積層体の特性を表3に示す。
【0072】
【表3】
Figure 0004066101
実施例1と2の結果である表1と比較例5の結果である表3を比較すると、TiO2(屈折率2.5)を酸化物層として用いた積層体では、酸化亜鉛(屈折率1.9)を用いた積層体に比べ、銀層の膜厚を大きくして積層体の放射率を低くした場合でも可視光透過率を高く維持することができることがわかる。
【0073】
(実施例3)
ターゲットを432mm×127mmの面積を持つTiOx(x=1.84)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして積層体を形成し、得られた積層体の可視光透過率、日射透過率、放射率を測定した。その結果を表4に示す。
【0074】
【表4】
Figure 0004066101
実施例1、2と異なる組成のターゲットを用いても、同様の優れた特性の積層体が得られることが分かった。
【0075】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、低放射率金属層の酸化を容易に防止することができるため、高特性の低放射率積層体を容易にしかも再現性良く製造することが可能となる。また、バリヤ層を不要とし、しかも、金属層上の酸化物層形成が均一かつ高速に行えるため、歩留まり、生産性が著しく向上する。
【0076】
即ち、本発明により、高性能の低放射率積層体を高い歩留まり、高い生産性で提供することが可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の積層体の製造に好適に用いられるスパッタ装置を示す概念図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a low-emissivity laminate, and particularly to a method for manufacturing a large-area laminate having a high visible light transmittance and a low emissivity.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Low emissivity laminates are widely applied to window glass of buildings and automobiles for the purpose of reducing the heating and cooling load by suppressing radiation of heat rays.
[0003]
As characteristics of this laminate, it is required to transmit as much visible light as possible because it is applied to window glass etc. while reducing radiation of heat rays. In general, a laminate obtained by laminating an oxide layer, a low emissivity metal layer and an oxide layer on the transparent substrate, or a laminate obtained by repeatedly laminating a low emissivity metal layer and an oxide layer is generally employed.
[0004]
On the other hand, as a method for forming a laminate, there are various methods such as vapor deposition, sputtering, and coating. However, when a laminate is formed uniformly on a large area substrate such as a window glass, generally, a sputtering method is used. The DC sputtering method is used because it is necessary to perform high-speed film formation.
[0005]
A laminated body is formed by forming a desired film thickness on a substrate in the order of an oxide layer, a metal layer, and an oxide film layer. A reactive sputtering method using a target is used. However, when an oxide layer is formed on the metal layer by this method, the surface of the metal layer is oxidized during the formation of the oxide layer, and as a result, there is a problem that the characteristics of the laminate are deteriorated.
[0006]
Therefore, in order to prevent oxidation of the metal layer, a barrier layer made of a metal constituting the oxide or a nitride thereof is provided after the formation of the metal layer to prevent oxidation of the surface of the metal layer during the formation of the oxide layer. Studies have been made to oxidize this barrier layer when forming an object to form an oxide layer on the metal layer.
[0007]
However, it is not easy to completely oxidize the barrier layer without oxidizing the metal layer. When the barrier layer is not completely oxidized, the visible light transmittance is reduced. On the other hand, if not only the barrier layer but also a part of the metal layer is oxidized, the emissivity of the laminate is increased. become. That is, this method has a problem that it is necessary to control the conditions during film formation with high accuracy and a process for forming this barrier layer is required, resulting in poor productivity of the laminate.
[0008]
In order to increase the transmittance of the entire visible light region and keep the emissivity low, at least the oxide layer formed on the metal layer has a high refractive index oxidation with a refractive index of 2.0 or more. It is preferable to use a material, but the deposition rate by reactive sputtering of such an oxide is low, and the film thickness distribution increases when the deposition rate is increased. There is a problem that it is difficult to make a body.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of such circumstances, the present invention provides a manufacturing method capable of solving the above-described conventional problems and uniformly and rapidly manufacturing a large-area laminate having high visible light transmittance and low emissivity. The purpose is to do. It is another object of the present invention to provide a manufacturing method capable of manufacturing a low-emissivity laminate with high yield and high productivity.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The method for producing a low-emissivity laminate of the present invention includes a low-emissivity metal layer that is at least silver, copper, or gold or an alloy containing these as a main component and an oxide having a refractive index of 2.0 or more on a transparent substrate. A method for producing a low-emissivity laminate formed by forming a physical layer, wherein after forming the low-emissivity metal layer, the oxide layer is directly used by using a reducing target of the oxide. The film is formed by a direct current sputtering method.
[0011]
In the present invention, the oxide, titanium dioxide, niobium pentoxide, tantalum pentoxide, tungsten trioxide, molybdenum trioxide or, arbitrariness preferred that an oxide containing these two or more.
[0012]
Further, the target is characterized in that it is manufactured by using a titania powder or a mixture of this and a titanium powder as a raw material by a high-pressure compression method, a sintering method or a spraying method.
Further, the oxide layer is formed by sputtering using an inert gas containing 0.1 to 10% by volume of an oxidizing gas as a sputtering gas .
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The low emissivity laminate produced according to the present invention is a laminate obtained by laminating a low emissivity metal layer and an oxide layer having a refractive index of 2.0 or more on a transparent substrate. It is a laminate that prevents oxidation of the surface of the metal layer when forming a layer and exhibits excellent visible light transmittance characteristics and emissivity characteristics. In addition, as a structure of a laminated body, you may laminate | stack repeatedly on the unit of a metal layer and an oxide layer further on the said oxide layer whose refractive index is 2.0 or more. In addition, an oxide layer, particularly an oxide layer having a refractive index of 2.0 or more is preferably provided on the transparent substrate. An example of a method for producing such a laminate will be described below.
[0014]
In the present invention, for the formation of an oxide layer having a refractive index of 2.0 or more on a low emissivity metal layer, a reducing target, that is, a target lacking oxygen with respect to the stoichiometric composition of the oxide is used. Used by direct current sputtering.
[0015]
By using such a target, it becomes possible to form an oxide layer by suppressing oxidation of the surface of the metal layer, and a stable discharge state can be maintained, so that uniform film formation on a large-area substrate is possible. Is possible.
[0016]
As the oxide layer having a refractive index of 2.0 or more of the laminate of the present invention, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), pentoxide is used from the viewpoint of obtaining a laminate having a high visible light transmittance and a low emissivity. Niobium (Nb 2 O 3 ), tantalum pentoxide (Ta 2 O 5 ), tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ), molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ), or an oxide containing two or more of these is preferably used. The specific composition of the target for forming a physical layer includes TiO x (1 <x <2); Nb 2 O x , Ta 2 O x (4 <x <5); WO x , MoO x (2 < x <3) is preferable, and the specific resistance is preferably 10 Ω · cm or less, and more preferably 1 Ω · cm or less.
[0017]
As a method for producing this target, an oxide powder or a mixture of this and an oxide-constituting metal powder is used, for example, by a high-pressure compression method, a sintering method, a thermal spray method, etc. described in International Publication WO 97/08359. Can be produced. For example, as a target for forming a TiO 2 film, titania powder or a mixture of this and Ti powder is prepared by the above method.
[0018]
Moreover, it is preferable to use the inert gas containing 0.1-10 volume% oxidizing gas as sputtering gas of this invention. Furthermore, the oxidizing gas concentration is more preferably 0.1 to 5% by volume. By setting the oxidizing gas concentration in the above range, when forming an oxide layer having a refractive index of 2.0 or more, oxidation of the low reflectance metal layer can be further suppressed, and a laminate having a low emissivity. Can be manufactured. In the present invention, oxygen gas is generally used as the oxidizing gas, but nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ozone, or the like can also be used.
[0019]
By the production method of the present invention, an oxide film having a high refractive index can be formed while suppressing the oxidation of the metal film, and as a result, the transmittance of the entire visible region is improved and a laminate having a low emissivity is obtained. The reason for this is considered to be as follows.
[0020]
In general, when an oxide film is formed by a reactive sputtering method, it is necessary to form a film using a sputtering gas containing a large amount of an oxidizing gas. Here, when the oxidizing gas is a commonly used oxygen gas, oxygen atoms are most likely to become negative ions when colliding with electrons having a kinetic energy of several tens of eV, and the probability is as high as 20 to 30%. Reach. The oxygen negative ions generated in this way travel in the direction of the substrate by an electric field near the target applied negatively, and collide with a metal layer having a low emissivity already formed. According to the experiment results of the present inventors, the kinetic energy of oxygen negative ions at this time is 100 to 200 eV on average, and is implanted into a low emissivity metal layer with an average depth of about 1.5 nm, which oxidizes the metal. . This oxidation increases the emissivity, and a laminate having a low emissivity cannot be obtained.
[0021]
For this reason, conventionally, a barrier layer having a thickness of about 2 nm is formed on a low emissivity metal, and the barrier layer is exclusively oxidized during the subsequent oxide film formation, so that the low emissivity metal is formed. I tried not to oxidize. However, if the barrier layer is not completely oxidized, the visible light transmittance is lowered, and if the barrier layer is not sufficiently thick, the low emissivity metal is oxidized and a laminate having a low emissivity cannot be obtained. . Thus, it is extremely difficult to optimize the barrier layer, and it is not easy to obtain a laminate having high visible light transmittance and low emissivity by the conventional technique.
[0022]
In contrast, an oxide target (reducible oxide target) that is deficient in oxygen than the stoichiometric composition as in the present invention is used, and the oxidizing gas in the sputtering gas has a lower concentration than in the reactive sputtering method. As a result, oxidation of the low emissivity metal layer by oxidizing negative ions hardly occurs. This is considered to be due to the following reason. That is, oxygen sputtered and released from the oxide target is not released and becomes a sputter gas component, and collides with the substrate with a kinetic energy of about several eV to several tens eV. At this time, the average penetration depth of oxygen into the low emissivity metal layer is 1 to 2 angstroms or less, and the oxidation of the low emissivity metal layer is almost negligible.
[0023]
From the above, it is considered that when a film was formed using a reducing oxide target, it was not necessary to use a barrier layer, and a laminate having high visible light transmittance and low emissivity could be easily obtained. .
[0024]
In addition, when an oxide layer having a refractive index of 2.0 or more is formed by a conventional film formation method, that is, reactive sputtering using a metal target, the film formation rate is very small and large. There is a problem that uniform film formation of the area is difficult. In order to improve the film formation rate, the target surface is in a metal state or a partially oxidized state, and in the sputtering gas in the film formation chamber according to the input power so as to maintain the state in which an oxide can be obtained on the substrate. It is necessary to control the oxidizing gas concentration to an appropriate value. However, maintaining the oxidation state of the target surface is realized by a method such as dynamically controlling the amount of oxidizing gas to be introduced according to the emission intensity of the metal while measuring the emission intensity of the metal in the plasma. While the change of the surface state occurs in a time of several seconds or less, it takes nearly tens of seconds to change the amount of the oxidizing gas to be introduced. Therefore, it is not easy to perform this dynamic control accurately. Furthermore, if this method using dynamic control is applied to a large-area substrate, the distribution of the magnetic field strength and oxidizing gas concentration mainly for magnetron sputtering occurs at each location of the target. The oxidation state of the surface is different, and the film formation rate is different accordingly, and the film thickness of the oxide film to be formed is distributed. It is not easy to improve the film thickness non-uniformity, and it is difficult to form a laminated body uniformly over a large area.
[0025]
In contrast to this conventional method, the present invention uses a reducing oxide target and forms a film with a sputtering gas containing a small amount of oxidizing gas, so the uniformity of the film forming speed at each position of the target is extremely excellent. Therefore, a laminate can be easily formed uniformly over a large area.
[0026]
In the conventional laminate manufacturing method, a barrier layer is generally provided on a low emissivity metal layer, and an oxide layer having a refractive index of less than 2.0 is formed thereon to form a laminate. Met.
[0027]
On the other hand, in the present invention, the oxide layer having a refractive index of 2.0 or more is used because the decrease in visible light transmittance is 2.0 even when the thickness of the low emissivity metal is increased. This can be reduced compared to the case of using less than oxide, and coupled with the absence of a barrier layer, it is possible to form a laminate with a lower emissivity while maintaining high visible light transmittance. Because it becomes. This is because such an oxide layer can be formed at high speed.
[0028]
That is, the present invention is based on the above-mentioned novel findings obtained through a series of experiments conducted by the present inventors for the purpose of developing a low-emissivity laminate having higher characteristics. By directly forming an oxide layer having a refractive index of 2.0 or more directly, and further forming such an oxide layer by direct current sputtering with a reducing oxide target, it is uniformly low over a large area. This makes it possible to form a laminate having an emissivity at high speed. And since stable film-forming is attained, it becomes possible to manufacture the low emissivity laminated body with the uniform characteristic with sufficient reproducibility. Furthermore, since it is not necessary to form a barrier layer, the productivity of the laminate is improved.
[0029]
In the present invention, an oxide layer (including an oxide layer having a refractive index of 2.0 or more) formed on a transparent substrate such as glass is also formed by the same method as that formed on the metal layer. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and it may be formed by a known method. The metal layer is preferably formed by a direct current sputtering method using an inert gas, but is not limited thereto.
[0030]
As the low emissivity metal of the present invention, silver, copper, gold, or an alloy containing these as a main component is used.
[0031]
Moreover, as a transparent base | substrate, it is used also for plastic films, such as PET, other than general window glass, such as soda-lime glass, glass with a net | network, and frost glass, and glass for motor vehicles.
[0032]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the examples.
[0033]
Example 1
A laminated film of TiO 2 / Ag / TiO 2 was formed on the substrate while conveying the glass substrate (300 mm × 300 mm) using the sputtering apparatus shown in FIG.
[0034]
First, TiO x (x = 1.94) having an area of 432 mm × 127 mm was used as a target, input power was 4 kW, argon gas containing 2% by volume of oxygen was used as a sputter gas, and 33 nm on soda lime glass. A titania (TiO 2 ) film was formed.
[0035]
On this TiO 2 , an Ag containing 1 atom% of palladium (Pd) having an area of 432 mm × 127 mm was used as a target, a sputtering gas was used as an argon gas, and 0.3 kW of electric power was applied to make Pd 1 atom%. An Ag film containing 10 nm was formed.
[0036]
Further, a TiO 2 film having a thickness of 33 nm was formed thereon by the same method as described above. The film formation rate was 88 nm / min.
[0037]
When the visible light transmittance, solar transmittance, and emissivity of the obtained laminate were measured according to JIS R3106 at 10 points on the substrate, the visible light transmittance was 79.4 ± 2.3%, and the solar transmittance was It was 65.1 ± 1.7% and the emissivity was 0.12 ± 0.003.
[0038]
In other words, it was found that a laminate excellent in any of the above characteristics can be obtained uniformly and at high speed by the production method of this example.
[0039]
(Example 2)
In the same manner as in Example 1, the thickness of the silver layer containing 1 atomic% of Pd was changed to 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 nm to form a laminate, and the visible light transmittance, solar transmittance, and emissivity were changed. It was measured. The obtained visible light transmittance, solar radiation transmittance, and emissivity are shown in Table 1 together with the results of Example 1.
[0040]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004066101
As shown in Table 1, it was found that even when the thickness of the silver layer was increased to 20 nm, the transmittance was still high and excellent characteristics as a laminate were exhibited.
[0041]
(Comparative Example 1)
TiO x (x = 1.94) having an area of 432 mm × 127 mm was used as a target, the input power was 4 kW, and argon gas containing 2% by volume of oxygen gas was used as a sputtering gas on a soda lime glass with a thickness of 33 nm. A TiO 2 film was formed.
[0042]
On this TiO 2 , Ag containing 1 atom% of Pd having an area of 432 mm × 127 mm is used as a target, sputtering gas is argon gas, power of 0.3 kW is applied, and Ag containing 1 atom% of Pd is 14 nm. A film was formed.
[0043]
Thereafter, Ti having an area of 432 mm × 127 mm was used as a target, the input power was 4 kW, oxygen gas (100%) was used as a sputtering gas, and a TiO 2 film having a thickness of 33 nm was formed. The film formation rate was 9.2 nm / min.
[0044]
The silver layer of the obtained laminate is oxidized, the visible light transmittance of the laminate is 69.4 ± 15%, the solar transmittance is 66.7 ± 13%, and the emissivity is 0.87 ± 0. Thus, only low characteristics were obtained as compared to Example 1, and the variation was large.
[0045]
(Comparative Example 2)
TiO x (x = 1.94) having an area of 432 mm × 127 mm was used as a target, the input power was 4 kW, and argon gas containing 2% by volume of oxygen gas was used as a sputtering gas on a soda lime glass with a thickness of 33 nm. A TiO 2 film was formed.
[0046]
On this TiO 2 , Ag containing 1 atom% of Pd having an area of 432 mm × 127 mm is used as a target, 0.3 kW of electric power is applied using sputtering gas as argon gas, and Ag containing 1 atom% of Pd is 10 nm. A film was formed.
[0047]
Further, on this, Ti having an area of 432 mm × 127 mm was used as a target, an input power was 0.25 kW, an argon gas was used as a sputtering gas, and a Ti film was formed to a thickness of 0.5 nm.
[0048]
Thereafter, Ti having an area of 432 mm × 127 mm was used as a target, the input power was 4 kW, oxygen gas (100%) was used as a sputtering gas, and a TiO 2 film having a thickness of 27 nm was formed.
[0049]
The silver layer of the obtained laminate was oxidized in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, and the emissivity was 0.72, and a laminate having a low emissivity was not obtained.
[0050]
Further, even when the thickness of titanium was changed to 1 nm, the silver layer of the laminate was oxidized and the emissivity became 0.56, and a laminate having a low emissivity was not obtained.
[0051]
(Comparative Example 3)
TiO x (x = 1.94) having an area of 432 mm × 127 mm was used as a target, the input power was 4 kW, and argon gas containing 2% by volume of oxygen gas was used as a sputtering gas on a soda lime glass with a thickness of 33 nm. A TiO 2 film was formed.
[0052]
On this TiO 2 , Ag containing 1 atom% of Pd having an area of 432 mm × 127 mm is used as a target, sputtering gas is argon gas, power of 0.3 kW is applied, and Ag containing 1 atom% of Pd is 14 nm. A film was formed.
[0053]
Furthermore, Ti having a surface area of 432 mm × 127 mm was used as a target, a power of 0.25 kW, an argon gas as a sputtering gas, and a Ti film having a thickness of 1.5 nm were formed thereon.
[0054]
Thereafter, Ti having a surface area of 432 mm × 127 mm was used as a target, the input power was 4 kW, oxygen gas (100%) was used as a sputtering gas, and a TiO 2 film having a thickness of 29 nm was formed.
[0055]
It is thought that this is because the plasma density has a distribution, but a part of the silver layer of the obtained laminate was oxidized.
[0056]
The visible light transmittance of the laminate was 75 ± 8%, the solar radiation transmittance was 69 ± 9%, the emissivity was 0.4 ± 0.2, and the variation in characteristics was large.
[0057]
When the characteristics of the non-oxidized portion were measured, the visible light transmittance was 83.7%, the solar radiation transmittance was 62.7%, and the emissivity was 0.08.
[0058]
Moreover, even if the thickness of titanium is changed to 2 nm, a part of the silver layer of the laminate is still oxidized, and when the characteristics of the non-oxidized part are measured, the visible light transmittance is 83.0%. The solar radiation transmittance was 60.8%, and the emissivity was 0.08.
[0059]
Further, when the film thickness of titanium is changed to 2.5 nm, the silver layer of the laminate is not oxidized, the visible light transmittance is 80.2%, the solar transmittance is 57.7%, and the emissivity is 0.00. 08.
[0060]
Thus, by increasing the film thickness of Ti as the barrier layer, the visible light transmittance is reduced, and the Ti layer is partially oxidized at the next film formation of TiO 2. Since it exists without being oxidized, it can be seen that it is difficult to obtain a laminate having a low emissivity while maintaining a high visible light transmittance.
[0061]
(Comparative Example 4)
TiO x (x = 1.94) having an area of 432 mm × 127 mm was used as a target, the input power was 4 kW, and argon gas containing 2% by volume of oxygen gas was used as a sputtering gas on a soda lime glass with a thickness of 33 nm. A TiO 2 film was formed.
[0062]
On this TiO 2 , Ag containing 1 atom% of Pd having an area of 432 mm × 127 mm is used as a target, 0.3 kW of electric power is applied using sputtering gas as argon gas, and Ag containing 1 atom% of Pd is 10 nm. A film was formed.
[0063]
Furthermore, Ti having a surface area of 432 mm × 127 mm was used as a target, a power of 0.25 kW, an argon gas as a sputtering gas, and a Ti film having a thickness of 1.5 nm were formed thereon.
[0064]
Thereafter, Ti having an area of 432 mm × 127 mm was used as a target, the input power was 4 kW, oxygen gas was used as a sputtering gas, and a TiO 2 film having a thickness of 27 nm was formed.
[0065]
Part of the silver layer of the obtained laminate is oxidized, and the properties of the laminate as a whole are as follows: visible light transmittance is 77 ± 7%, solar radiation transmittance is 66 ± 9%, emissivity Was 0.4 ± 0.3, and the variation was large.
[0066]
A similar laminate was formed by changing the film thickness of the silver layer to 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 nm, and the characteristics of the unoxidized portion were measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0067]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004066101
(Comparative Example 5)
Using a zinc containing 3 atomic% of aluminum having an area of 432 mm × 127 mm as a target, an input power of 2 kW, a gas containing 30% by volume of oxygen in argon gas as a sputter gas, an oxidation of 46 nm on soda lime glass Zinc was deposited.
[0068]
On this zinc oxide, Ag containing 1 atom% of Pd having an area of 432 mm × 127 mm is used as a target, sputtering gas is argon gas, power of 0.3 kW is applied, and Ag containing 1 atom% of Pd is 10 nm. A film was formed.
[0069]
On top of these, zinc oxide containing 5.7% by weight of gallium having an area of 432 mm × 127 mm is used as a target, input power is 0.5 kW, argon gas is used as a sputtering gas, and zinc oxide is deposited to a thickness of 2 nm. did.
[0070]
Thereafter, a zinc oxide film was formed to a thickness of 40 nm by using zinc containing 3 atomic% of aluminum having an area of 432 mm × 127 mm as a target, an input power of 2 kW, and an argon gas containing 30 volume% of oxygen as a sputtering gas.
[0071]
Similarly, only the film thickness of the silver layer was changed to 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 nm, and the laminated body was produced. Table 3 shows the properties of the obtained laminate.
[0072]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004066101
Comparing Table 1 which is the result of Examples 1 and 2 and Table 3 which is the result of Comparative Example 5, in the laminate using TiO 2 (refractive index 2.5) as the oxide layer, zinc oxide (refractive index) It can be seen that the visible light transmittance can be kept high even when the film thickness of the silver layer is increased to lower the emissivity of the laminate, compared to the laminate using 1.9).
[0073]
(Example 3)
A laminated body was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that TiO x (x = 1.84) having an area of 432 mm × 127 mm was used as the target, and the visible light transmittance and solar radiation transmittance of the obtained laminated body were formed. The rate and emissivity were measured. The results are shown in Table 4.
[0074]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004066101
It was found that even when a target having a composition different from that of Examples 1 and 2 was used, a laminate having the same excellent characteristics was obtained.
[0075]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to easily prevent oxidation of the low emissivity metal layer, so that it is possible to easily manufacture a high-characteristic low emissivity laminate with good reproducibility. In addition, since a barrier layer is not required and the oxide layer can be uniformly and rapidly formed on the metal layer, the yield and productivity are remarkably improved.
[0076]
That is, according to the present invention, a high-performance low-emissivity laminate can be provided with high yield and high productivity.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a sputtering apparatus suitably used for manufacturing a laminate according to the present invention.

Claims (4)

透明基体上に、少なくとも、銀、銅若しくは金又はこれらを主成分とする合金である低放射率金属層及び屈折率が2.0以上の酸化物層を形成してなる低放射率積層体の製造方法であって、前記低放射率金属層を成膜した後、直接、前記酸化物層を、該酸化物の還元性のターゲットを用いて直流スパッタ法により成膜することを特徴とする低放射率積層体の製造方法。A low-emissivity laminate comprising at least a low-emissivity metal layer made of silver, copper or gold or an alloy containing these as a main component and an oxide layer having a refractive index of 2.0 or more on a transparent substrate. A low-emissivity metal layer is formed in a manufacturing method, wherein the oxide layer is directly formed by direct current sputtering using a reducing target of the oxide. Manufacturing method of emissivity laminate. 前記酸化物は、二酸化チタン、五酸化ニオブ、五酸化タンタル、三酸化タングステン、三酸化モリブデン、もしくは、これらを2つ以上含む酸化物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の低放射率積層体の製造方法。  2. The low emissivity according to claim 1, wherein the oxide is titanium dioxide, niobium pentoxide, tantalum pentoxide, tungsten trioxide, molybdenum trioxide, or an oxide containing two or more thereof. A manufacturing method of a layered product. 前記ターゲットは、チタニア粉末若しくはこれとチタン粉末の混合物を原材料とし、高圧圧縮法、焼結法若しくは熔射法により製造したものであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の低放射率積層体の製造方法。  The low emissivity according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the target is made of titania powder or a mixture of this and titanium powder as a raw material, and is manufactured by a high-pressure compression method, a sintering method, or a spraying method. A manufacturing method of a layered product. 前記酸化物層は、スパッタガスとして、0.1〜10体積%の酸化性ガスを含む不活性ガスを用いてスパッタ法により成膜することを特徴とする請求項1〜のいずれか1項に記載の低放射率積層体の製造方法。The oxide layer is, as a sputtering gas, any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that is formed by a sputtering method using an inert gas containing 0.1 to 10 vol% of an oxidizing gas The manufacturing method of the low emissivity laminated body of description.
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JP7436409B2 (en) * 2021-02-26 2024-02-21 Jx金属株式会社 Oxide sputtering target, its manufacturing method, and oxide thin film

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