JP2018121558A - Method for promoting weight gain of calf - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to provide a technique for promoting weight gain of calves. According to the present invention, it is possible to promote weight gain of calves by feeding a calf containing 1 to 30% by weight of wood pulp to calves up to 8 months after birth. [Selection figure] None

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for promoting weight gain of calves.

  In general, in the pastoral field, concentrated feed with high nutritional value is often used together with roughage such as pasture for the purpose of increasing the milk yield and weight gain of livestock. Concentrated feed contains a lot of easily digestible carbohydrates (starch, etc.) such as corn, wheat, and soybean, while roughage is fermented hay (hay, straw) and pastures that have been green-cut. Mainly (silaged).

  Ruminants are able to ingest and digest forage because they have lumens (the rumen). Rumen occupies the largest volume of the rumen's multiple stomachs and contains abundant microorganisms (lumen microorganisms) that can degrade (rumen fermentation) indigestible polysaccharides such as cellulose and hemicellulose in roughage. It is.

  However, cellulose and hemicellulose in roughage often bind to lignins and exist as lignin-cellulose complexes and lignin-hemicellulose complexes, respectively. Such a complex may not be sufficiently decomposed in rumen fermentation, and the rough feed has a problem that feed efficiency tends to be insufficient. Moreover, since an increase in the amount of undigested materials causes an increase in the amount of feces, it has been considered undesirable from an environmental point of view.

  Furthermore, roughage is easily affected by the yield and pattern of pasture and its supply is unstable. In particular, Japan relies on imports for most of the roughage, so price fluctuations are generally large, and it may be difficult to import due to various circumstances in the exporting country, which may put pressure on ranch management.

For this reason, a ruminant feed that can be replaced with grass, has excellent feed efficiency, is inexpensive, and can be stably obtained is desired.
Here, in order to increase the nutrient concentration in the feed, it is generally performed to mix a concentrated feed containing a large amount of easily digestible carbohydrates (starch) into the rough feed. In order to maintain the milk yield of dairy livestock or to maintain the increase in meat livestock, it is necessary to increase the feed intake, but the energy demands associated with the increase in milk yield and physique increase. This is because the rate of increase exceeds the rate of increase in the amount of ingested feed. However, carbohydrates such as starch in concentrated feed can drastically lower the pH of the rumen, resulting in the occurrence of rumen acidosis. Rumen acidosis is a type of ruminant disease caused by rapid intake of carbohydrate-rich cereals, concentrates, fruits, and the like. In rumen acidosis, gram-positive lactic acid producing bacteria, particularly Streptcoccus bovis and Lactobacillus spp. Microorganisms increase in the rumen, resulting in abnormal accumulation of lactic acid or volatile fatty acid (VFA), and the pH in the rumen Decrease (pH 5 or less). The result is a decrease or disappearance of protozoa (protozoa) and certain bacteria in the lumen. In particular, acute acidosis is extremely dangerous because it causes rumen congestion and dehydration (a large amount of body fluid moves into the stomach as the gastric osmotic pressure increases), and coma and death.

  In order to prevent rumen acidosis, it is important to avoid sudden changes in feed composition, stabilize rumen fermentation, and reduce pH fluctuations. In addition, since saliva contains sodium bicarbonate and contributes to pH adjustment, it is also important to supply a feed that can secrete saliva with sufficient rumination. However, there is also a concern that rumen acidosis is feared, and if the nutritional value of the feed is lowered, energy is insufficient and milk production is reduced.

  As a feed for preventing rumen acidosis, Patent Document 1 discloses a livestock feed that is pulverized and pulverized by applying a high impact force to a woody material. Moreover, regarding the pelletized feed, Patent Document 2 proposes that the processed food residue is pelletized to produce the feed. Furthermore, Patent Document 3 describes that lignocellulose biomass is pelletized to produce ruminant feed (Japanese Patent Publication No. 2013-518880). Furthermore, Patent Document 4 describes that kraft pulp having a copper number of 90 or less is pelletized to obtain ruminant feed.

  Furthermore, Patent Document 5 discloses that the feed containing neutral detergent fiber, starch and apple juice lees is given to calves with an undeveloped rumen to alleviate rumen acidosis and improve fecal properties. Yes.

JP 2011-083281 A JP-A-10-75719 International Publication WO2011-097075 JP-A-2015-198553 JP 2013-255433 A

  In general, it is important to grow a calf that is shortly after birth. In particular, calves may be grazed in order to reduce labor and costs such as cleaning barns, changing bedding, and feeding, but simply grazing calves may not increase body weight. Low growth at weaning may be a problem.

  In view of such a situation, an object of the present invention is to provide a technique for promoting the increase in calf weight.

  The inventors of the present invention diligently studied the above problems, and found that blending wood pulp into calf feed can promote calf growth and increase body weight, and have completed the present invention.

Although not limited to this, this invention includes the following aspects.
(1) A method of promoting weight gain of a calf, comprising feeding a formulated feed containing 1 to 30% by weight of wood pulp to a calf up to 8 months old.
(2) The method according to (1), wherein the mixed feed is fed to calves from 3 to 7 days after birth.
(3) The method according to (1), wherein the calf is a house calf.
(4) The method according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein a blood triglyceride concentration is 20 mg / dl or less and a total cholesterol concentration is 140 mg / dl or more at 3 to 7 weeks of age.
(5) The method according to (1), wherein the calf is a grazing calf 2 months to 6 months old.
(6) The method according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the wood pulp content of the feed is 2 to 25% by weight.
(7) The method according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the wood pulp is kraft pulp.
(8) The method according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the wood pulp has a copper number of 5 or more.
(9) The method according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein the wood pulp is an oxygen delignified pulp.
(10) Compared with the case where the total amount of digestible nutrients is the same as that of the above-mentioned mixed feed, the daily gain (1 The method according to any one of (1) to (9), wherein (weight gain per day) increases by 50 g / day or more.

  According to this invention, compared with the calf which gave only the compound feed which does not contain a wood pulp, a body gain is good and the improvement of productivity can be anticipated. Moreover, since the technique according to the present invention uses wood pulp, feed can be supplied stably and inexpensively.

  The present invention is applicable to calves that are 0 days old to 8 months old. In a preferred embodiment, the calf to which the present invention is applied is up to 7 months old and may be applied to calves 2 months to 6 months old. The present invention can be applied to both grazing calves and house calves, but is particularly suitable for grazing calves. In general, grazing calves tend to have an increase in body weight compared to house-calves, but according to the present invention, it is easy to increase the number of grazing calves.

  The present invention is a method for promoting weight gain of a calf, comprising feeding a feed containing 1 to 30% by weight of wood pulp to a calf up to 8 months old. Compared to ingestion of feed that does not contain wood pulp, daily gain (weight gain per day) at the time of ingestion of feed containing 1 to 30% by weight of wood pulp increased by 50 g / day or more. It is preferable to do.

  In this invention, although wood pulp is mix | blended with a feed, the compounding quantity of a wood pulp is 1-30 weight% among the feeds supplied | feeded a day. In a preferred embodiment, the mixing ratio of the wood pulp is 2 to 25% by weight, more preferably 3 to 20% by weight, and further preferably 4 to 15% by weight.

  Although the feed used by this invention contains a wood pulp, the pulp manufactured by the well-known pulping method can be used without a restriction | limiting. For example, both mechanical pulp and chemical pulp are applicable. Examples of mechanical pulp include groundwood pulp (GP), refiner groundwood pulp (RGP), thermomechanical pulp (TMP), chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP), and the like. Examples of the chemical pulp include kraft pulp (KP), dissolved kraft pulp (DKP), sulfite pulp (SP), and dissolved sulfite pulp (DSP). Either bleached pulp or unbleached pulp can be used. Of these, oxygen delignified chemical pulp and bleached chemical pulp are preferred. Further, pulp having a kappa number of 5 or more and less than 15 is more preferable, and kraft pulp subjected to oxygen delignification treatment having a kappa number of 5 or more and less than 15 is particularly preferable.

  In the feed used in the present invention, the pulp may be composed of one kind or a mixture of a plurality of pulps. For example, chemical pulps (hardwood kraft pulp, softwood kraft pulp, melted hardwood kraft pulp, melted softwood kraft pulp), or mechanical pulp (crushed wood pulp, refiner groundwood pulp, thermomechanical pulp, chemithermomechanical pulp) of different raw materials and production methods ) May be used in combination of two or more.

  In the case of mechanical pulp, it is made into fiber after being processed without a selective process after grinder treatment (in the case of groundwood pulp) or after refining (in the case of refiner groundwood pulp, thermomechanical pulp, chemithermomechanical pulp). It will be possible to include pulp that is not in the pulp.

  As the raw material wood, for example, hardwood, conifer, miscellaneous tree, bamboo, kenaf, bagasse, empty bunch after palm oil extraction can be used. Specifically, the broad-leaved trees include beech, china, birch, poplar, eucalyptus, acacia, oak, itayaka maple, senoki, elm, giraffe, honoki, willow, sen, basamushi, konara, kunugi, tochinoki, zelkova, mizume, mizuzuki Aodamo etc. are exemplified. As conifers, cedar, spruce, larch, black pine, todomatsu, himekomatsu, yew, neko, spruce, iramimi, fir, sawara, togasawara, asunaro, hiba, tsuga, kotsutsuga, hinoki, yew, yellowtail, spruce (Beihiba), Lawson Hinoki (Beihi), Douglas Fir (Beimatsu), Sitka Spruce (Beisuhi), Radiata Pine, Eastern Spruce, Eastern White Pine, Western Larch, Western Fir, Western Hemlock, Tamarack and the like.

When producing kraft pulp from kraft pulp wood chips, the wood chips are put into a digester along with the cooking liquor and used for kraft cooking. Moreover, you may use for cooking of correction craft methods, such as MCC, EMCC, ITC, and Lo-solid. Also, there are no particular limitations on cooking types such as 1 vessel liquid phase type, 1 vessel gas phase / liquid phase type, 2 vessel liquid phase / gas phase type, and 2 vessel liquid phase type. That is, the step of impregnating and holding the alkaline aqueous solution of the present application may be installed separately from the conventional apparatus or part for the permeation treatment of the cooking liquid. Preferably, the unbleached pulp that has been cooked is washed with a washing device such as a diffusion washer after extracting the cooking liquor. The liquid ratio between the wood chip and the chemical solution can be, for example, 1.0 to 5.0 L / kg, preferably 1.5 to 4.5 L / kg, and more preferably 2.0 to 4.0 L / kg. .

  Moreover, in this invention, you may add the alkaline cooking liquid containing 0.01-1.5 mass% quinone compound per absolutely dry chip | tip to a digester. If the addition amount of the quinone compound is less than 0.01% by mass, the addition amount is too small to reduce the kappa number of the pulp after cooking, and the relationship between the kappa number and the pulp yield is not improved. Furthermore, the reduction of wrinkles and the suppression of the decrease in viscosity are insufficient. Moreover, even if the addition amount of a quinone compound exceeds 1.5 mass%, the further reduction of the kappa number of the pulp after cooking and the improvement of the relationship between a kappa number and a pulp yield are not recognized.

  The quinone compound used is a quinone compound, hydroquinone compound or precursor thereof as a so-called known cooking aid, and at least one compound selected from these can be used. Examples of these compounds include anthraquinone, dihydroanthraquinone (for example, 1,4-dihydroanthraquinone), tetrahydroanthraquinone (for example, 1,4,4a, 9a-tetrahydroanthraquinone, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroanthraquinone). Methyl anthraquinone (eg 1-methyl anthraquinone, 2-methyl anthraquinone), methyl dihydroanthraquinone (eg 2-methyl-1,4-dihydroanthraquinone), methyl tetrahydroanthraquinone (eg 1-methyl-1,4,4a) , 9a-tetrahydroanthraquinone, 2-methyl-1,4,4a, 9a-tetrahydroanthraquinone) and the like, anthrahydroquinone (generally 9,10-dihydroxyanthracene), Tyranthrahydroquinone (for example, 2-methylanthrahydroquinone), dihydroanthrahydroanthraquinone (for example, 1,4-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxyanthracene) or an alkali metal salt thereof (for example, disodium salt of anthrahydroquinone, 1 , 4-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxyanthracene disodium salt), and precursors such as anthrone, anthranol, methylanthrone, and methylanthranol. These precursors have the potential to convert to quinone compounds or hydroquinone compounds under cooking conditions.

The cooking liquor preferably has an active alkali addition rate (AA) per 10% dry wood chip weight of 10 to 35% by weight. When the active alkali addition rate is less than 10% by weight, the removal of lignin and hemilulose becomes insufficient, and when it exceeds 35% by weight, the yield and quality are lowered. Here, the active alkali addition rate is obtained by converting the total addition rate of NaOH and Na ₂ S as the addition rate of Na ₂ O, and multiplying NaOH by 0.775 and Na ₂ S by 0.795. Therefore, it can be converted into the addition rate of Na ₂ O. The degree of sulfidation is preferably in the range of 20 to 35%. In the region where the sulfidity is less than 20%, the delignification property is lowered, the pulp viscosity is lowered, and the drought rate is increased.

  Kraft cooking is preferably performed in a temperature range of 120 to 180 ° C, more preferably 140 to 160 ° C. If the temperature is too low, delignification (decrease in the kappa number) is insufficient, while if the temperature is too high, the degree of polymerization (viscosity) of cellulose decreases. The cooking time in the present invention is the time from when the cooking temperature reaches the maximum temperature until the temperature starts to decrease, and the cooking time is preferably 60 minutes or more and 600 minutes or less, and 120 minutes or more and 360 minutes or less. Is more preferable. If the cooking time is less than 60 minutes, pulping does not proceed, and if it exceeds 600 minutes, the pulp production efficiency deteriorates, which is not preferable.

  Moreover, the kraft cooking in this invention can set process temperature and process time by setting H factor (Hf) as a parameter | index. The H factor is a standard representing the total amount of heat given to the reaction system during the cooking process, and is represented by the following equation. The H factor is calculated by time integration from the time when chips and water are mixed until the end of cooking. The H factor is preferably 300 to 2000.

Hf = ∫exp (43.20-16113 / T) dt
[Wherein T represents an absolute temperature at a certain point]
In the present invention, the unbleached (unbleached) pulp obtained after cooking can be subjected to various treatments as necessary. For example, bleaching can be performed on unbleached pulp obtained after kraft cooking.

  The pulp obtained by kraft cooking can be subjected to oxygen delignification treatment. As the oxygen delignification used in the present invention, a known medium concentration method or high concentration method can be applied as it is. In the case of the medium concentration method, the pulp concentration is preferably 8 to 15% by mass, and in the case of the high concentration method, it is preferably performed at 20 to 35% by mass. As the alkali in oxygen delignification, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide can be used. As oxygen gas, oxygen from a cryogenic separation method, oxygen from PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption), VSA (Vacuum Swing Adsorption) Oxygen etc. from) can be used.

The reaction conditions for the oxygen delignification treatment are not particularly limited, but the oxygen pressure is 3 to 9 kg / cm ² , more preferably 4 to 7 kg / cm ² , and the alkali addition rate is 0.5 to 4 mass per pulp dry weight. %, A processing temperature of 80 to 140 ° C., a processing time of 20 to 180 minutes, and other conditions can be known. In the present invention, the oxygen delignification treatment may be performed a plurality of times. Moreover, it is preferable that the copper number of the kraft pulp after performing an oxygen delignification process etc. is 5-15.

  For the purpose of further reducing the kappa number and improving the whiteness, the pulp that has been subjected to oxygen delignification treatment, for example, is then sent to the washing step, and after washing, it is sent to the multistage bleaching step, where the multistage bleaching treatment is performed. It can be carried out. The multi-stage bleaching treatment of the present invention is not particularly limited, but acid (A), chlorine dioxide (D), alkali (E), oxygen (O), hydrogen peroxide (P), ozone (Z), It is preferable to combine a known bleaching agent such as peracid and a bleaching aid. For example, the first stage of the multistage bleaching process uses a chlorine dioxide bleaching stage (D) or an ozone bleaching stage (Z), the second stage is an alkali extraction stage (E), the hydrogen peroxide stage (P), the third stage or later. A bleaching sequence using chlorine dioxide or hydrogen peroxide is preferably used. The number of stages after the third stage is not particularly limited, but considering energy efficiency, productivity, etc., it is preferable to finish in three or four stages in total. Further, a chelating agent treatment stage with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) or the like may be inserted during the multistage bleaching treatment.

Preparation and Feeding of Feed The feed of the present invention may be prepared by combining wood pulp with other feeds, and the prepared blended feed can be fed to ruminants. Other feed ingredients include roughage (eg pasture), concentrated feed (eg corn, wheat and other grains, soybeans and other beans), bran, rice bran, okara, protein, lipid, vitamins, minerals and other additives (preservation) , Coloring agents, fragrances, etc.).

  When the concentrated feed is blended with the feed of the present invention, for example, grains such as corn, wheat, barley, and polished rice can be used. In the feed of the present invention, for example, grains such as rice, wheat, barley, oats, milo, corn and the like can be used as the main starch source.

  In this invention, it is preferable to mix | blend roughage at a fixed level, for example, it is preferable to contain 3-40 mass% in conversion of a dry matter, and it is more preferable to contain 5-30 mass%. As raw materials for roughage, for example, soybean, soybean meal (including soybean meal that has been subjected to sugar-heat treatment or humidification heat treatment), rapeseed meal, flaxseed meal, corn gluten meal, concentrated soybean protein, wheat gluten, wheat gluten enzyme Decomposed products can be mentioned. In particular, soybean-derived crude protein feedstock such as soybean meal (excluding those that have been subjected to sweetened heat treatment or humidified heat treatment) increases the digestibility of fibers in the lumen by feeding a large amount of soluble protein, In order to suppress the excessive increase in the content of crude fat in the feed due to the viewpoint of improving the growth of calves and the blending of NDF feedstock with a relatively high content of crude fat such as DDGS, feed It is preferable to blend in.

In the present invention, saccharides may be added to the feed. For example, glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, maltose, and the like can be suitably added.
In addition to the above-mentioned raw materials, the feed of the present invention is a flavoring material, minerals, vitamins, organic minerals, grass, grass plant feed materials, crystalline amino acids, fats and oils, fatty acids, fatty acid calcium, adsorbents, minerals, plants It may contain extracts, fermented products, flavorings, organic acids, antibiotics, animal feed, microbial components, herbal medicines, enzyme agents, oligosaccharides, woody feeds, binding agents, other plant processing by-products, etc. .

  Examples of pasture include orchardgrass, timothy, oat hay, alfalfa, italian ryegrass, red clover, etc. Examples of feed ingredients derived from grasses include sorghum, wheat straw, rice straw, etc. Can be mentioned. However, feed materials derived from grass and grasses are not easy to digest, for example, for calves younger than 3 months of age, so supply as roughage as needed to stimulate the stomach wall of the rumen, The calf feed of the present invention is preferably not contained or, if included, a small amount.

  In a preferred embodiment, wood pulp and other feed ingredients may be compression molded to form a pellet. The feed used in combination with the feed pellets of the present invention may be in the form of pulp, powder, or fluff, but it may be compressed into a cube or pellet, or cut into a sheet form, This is preferable because it can be easily mixed with other feeds such as grass and can be easily transported and handled.

  When compression-molding into a cube shape, it is preferable that the cube is 5 to 50 mm long, 5 to 50 mm wide, and 5 to 50 mm high. When compression-molding into a pellet shape, it is preferable to use a cylindrical shape having a diameter of 5 to 50 mm and a length of 5 to 80 mm. An apparatus for performing compression molding is not particularly limited, but a briquetter (made by Kitagawa Iron Works), a ring die type pelletizer (made by CPM), a flat die type pelletizer (made by Dalton), and the like are desirable.

When setting it as a sheet form, it is preferable to set it as a sheet piece of 5-50 mm x 5-50 mm with a basic weight of 300-2000 g / m < ² >.
The ruminant feed of the present invention preferably has a moisture content of 15% or less. By making the moisture content 15% or less, the transportability is improved and the decay by microorganisms can be reduced. The water content of the feed may be, for example, 1% by mass or more, and may be adjusted to 5% by mass or more.

  The ruminant feed of the present invention can have, for example, a total digestible nutrient (TDN) of 50-95%, but may be 60-85%, or even 65-80%. Crude protein (CP: Crude Protein) can be 5-40%, for example, but it is good also as 10-30%, Furthermore, it is good also as 13-25%.

  The present invention will be described in more detail with specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following specific examples. In the present specification, concentration and% are based on mass unless otherwise specified, and numerical ranges are described as including the end points.

Experiment 1: Manufacture of wood pulp feed Domestic hardwood chips were subjected to kraft cooking with an active alkali addition rate of 16.0%, sulfidity of 25% and H factor 800 to obtain unbleached kraft pulp (kappa number: 18 .2, ISO whiteness: 29.0%).

  After washing the unbleached kraft pulp with tap water to a concentration of 10%, the oxygen addition rate is 2.1% (per weight of dry pulp), sodium hydroxide is 1.4% (per weight of dry pulp), 100 ° C. After oxygen delignification treatment in 60 minutes, the pulp was washed with tap water and dehydrated with a centrifugal dehydrator (YS-7 SSA type, manufactured by Iwatsuki Kikai Seisakusho) until the moisture content reached 47.1 wt%. Thus, oxygen delignified kraft pulp was obtained (kappa number: 8.5, ISO whiteness: 48.0%).

Experiment 2: Feeding test for grazing calves Feeds used in the control group and the test group were prepared. The feed of the test section (pulp supply section) contains 10% of hardwood oxygen delignified kraft pulp (LOKP) based on TDN. The feeds in the test group and the control group were designed so that the total digestible nutrients were almost the same (TDN: about 72.5%).
・ Feed for raising young cattle (made by Snow Brand Seedling, Y Gloer, TDN 72.5% or more, CP 15.5% or more)
-Hardwood oxygen delignified kraft pulp (TDN 50.6%, CP 0.2%, moisture content 47.1%)

A feeding test was conducted on 10 grazing calves (all Japanese black cattle grazing on the mother and the child) for 3 months from the time when the age of the moon reached 2 months. Ten calves were divided into five, each divided into a salary group and a control group.
Specifically, the prepared feed was fed to calves that reached 2 months of age at an amount of 0.5 kg / day per head and gradually increased to 2.0 kg / day over 4 weeks. Four weeks after feeding, the animals were weaned, and only the calves were grazed on the test field (84a, cold-type pasture, Kentucky bluegrass dominant). After weaning, the formulated feed was fed in an amount of 2.0 kg / day.

  These calves were weighed weekly and daily gain (weight gain per day) was measured. The daily gains at the first month of weaning and the second month of weaning were measured using the body weight at weaning, the body weight after weaning for 1 month, and the body weight for 2 months after weaning.

  As is apparent from the above table, when the feed of the present invention is fed, the daily gain is about 11% at 1 month after weaning and 2 after weaning, compared to the case of feeding a general feed for young cattle. Daily gain increased by about 28% at the age of months. It was found that daily gain can be improved in calves by feeding feed containing pulp.

Experiment 3: Feeding test for house calf A feeding test for the cows in the house was conducted by the early weaning method (10 control groups, 8 test groups). Specifically, from 3 to 7 days after birth, weaned early at 4-9 weeks of age with a combined feed of raw milk and weaning mixed feed, and then switched to solid feed to grow calves. Weaning was based on when the feed amount of the mixed feed reached 1 kg / day.

(Feed of mixed feed)
・ Before weaning: 12% of raw weight of raw milk was fed, and in addition, the mixed feed was fed.
・ After weaning: Based on the Japanese breeding standard (dairy cow, 2006 version), calculate the energy required for daily gain to be 1 kg / day, 75% of which is the limited feed of the mixed feed, the rest is Timothy Hay (Canada) The product was purchased from the dairy, all Dairen Tokyo branch office, and was eaten by the first heading).

(Details of feed)
・ Feed pellets (national dairy feed, special order, TDN 69.8%, CP 24.1%, moisture content 16%)
・ Corn (Fukudama rice cereal, heat-pressed corn, TDN 69.8%, CP 24.1%, moisture content 14.5%)
・ Soybean meal (Showa Sangyo, defatted soybean, TDN 76.8%, CP 45%, moisture content 11.8%)
-Hardwood oxygen delignified kraft pulp pellets (TDN 78.3%, CP 0%, moisture content 12%)
The hardwood oxygen delignified kraft pulp obtained in Experiment 1 was washed with tap water and then dehydrated with a screw press (SHX-200 type, manufactured by Togoku Industry) to adjust the moisture content to 29.9%. Processed with a ring die type small pelletizer (California Pellet Mill, motor capacity 30 kW) with a die of 4.8 mm diameter and effective thickness 32 mm, adjusted to a moisture content of 12% with a blow dryer, and hardwood oxygen delignification craft Pulp pellets were produced.

(Daily Gain)
Daily gain (DG) indicating the weight gain per day was measured. In the daily gain measurement, body weight at birth, body weight at weaning, and body weight at termination were used.

  The measured daily gain is as shown in the table. Although there was no difference between the control group and the test group until weaning, the daily gain increased in the test group after weaning. As a result, the daily gain over the whole period was larger in the test group than in the control group.

(Measurement of blood components)
Total cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood were measured. Specifically, an automatic analysis reagent (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was used, and measurement was performed with a Hitachi 7020 automatic analyzer.

  From the above results, it was suggested that the calves in the test group had higher total cholesterol before and after weaning (50 days of age) and were more nutritionally satisfied than the control group. In addition, although the total cholesterol in the test group was higher than that in the control group, the triglyceride was low, and it was thought that diseases such as over-fertilization and fatty liver could be prevented.

Claims (10)

  A method of promoting weight gain of a calf, comprising feeding a formulated feed comprising 1 to 30% by weight of wood pulp to a calf up to 8 months after birth.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the mixed feed is fed to calves from 3 to 7 days after birth.   The method of claim 1, wherein the calf is a house calf.   The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a blood triglyceride concentration is 20 mg / dl or less and a total cholesterol concentration is 140 mg / dl or more at 3 to 7 weeks of age.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the calf is a grazing calf that is 2 months to 6 months old.   The method in any one of Claims 1-5 whose wood pulp content rate of a feed is 2-25 weight%.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the wood pulp is kraft pulp.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the wood pulp has a copper number of 5 or more.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the wood pulp is an oxygen delignified pulp.   Compared to the case where the total amount of digestible nutrients is the same as that of the above-mentioned mixed feed and the feed containing no wood pulp is consumed, the daily gain at the time when the above-mentioned mixed feed containing wood pulp is ingested (per day) The method according to claim 1, wherein (weight gain) increases by 50 g / day or more.