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JP2018109561A - Dispersion ratio measurement of mixed powder - Google Patents

Dispersion ratio measurement of mixed powder Download PDF

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JP2018109561A
JP2018109561A JP2017000171A JP2017000171A JP2018109561A JP 2018109561 A JP2018109561 A JP 2018109561A JP 2017000171 A JP2017000171 A JP 2017000171A JP 2017000171 A JP2017000171 A JP 2017000171A JP 2018109561 A JP2018109561 A JP 2018109561A
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知宏 前田
Tomohiro Maeda
知宏 前田
孝弥 山中
Takaya Yamanaka
孝弥 山中
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a measurement method and an analysis method for quantifying a dispersion state when two or more kinds of powder whose hue and particle size are similar are subjected to mixing and evaluation.SOLUTION: Images of single powder and measured mixed powder included in evaluated mixed powder 3 are automatically imaged at plural points, and each powder is characterized based on a change amount of the acquired brightness, and each powder is subjected to regression analysis, for calculating a dispersion attainment degree of the evaluated mixed powder at each imaging point. By imaging with a camera 1 attached to a microscope or the like, an attainment degree of an ultra minute area can be acquired. In addition, by further increasing the number of imaging point (evaluation point), an evaluation area is increased, and by once measurement, dispersion attainment degree evaluation from the ultra minute area to microscopic area and macroscopic area can be performed.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、2種類以上の粉体を混合した場合に、その分散状況を定量化するための測定及び解析方法である。 The present invention is a measurement and analysis method for quantifying the dispersion state when two or more kinds of powders are mixed.

混合物を用いた製品加工などは、混合物を構成する複数の素材が十分な混合状態に達している必要がある。混合粉体の場合、混合器などによってランダムな混合状態に達するまで混合操作されるが、混合状態の評価はなされていない。しかし日本粉体工業技術協会においては、混合状態を評価する指標として、明度測定による評価方法が用いられている。日本粉体工業技術協会規格SAP16-13:2013によれば、「色調及び粒子径の異なる二種類の粉体を用い、この範囲における混合状態を混合物の明度として測定し、混合・分散状態に対する相対的な指標により混合特性を評価する方法」と規定している。 In product processing using a mixture, etc., it is necessary that a plurality of materials constituting the mixture reach a sufficiently mixed state. In the case of a mixed powder, the mixing operation is performed until a random mixed state is reached by a mixer or the like, but the mixed state is not evaluated. However, in the Japan Powder Industrial Technology Association, an evaluation method based on brightness measurement is used as an index for evaluating the mixed state. According to Japan Powder Industry Technical Association Standard SAP16-13: 2013, “Using two kinds of powders with different color tone and particle size, the mixed state in this range is measured as the lightness of the mixture, and it is relative to the mixed / dispersed state. Is a method to evaluate the mixing characteristics based on a typical index ”.

この規定では、色調及び粒子径の異なる2種類の粉体を用いた場合のみに適用できるものであり、さらに、混合操作において、操作程度に応じた大きさの凝集体として移動する巨視的な混合から、凝集体が解砕・分散される微視的な混合過程を評価する方法である。したがって、色調及び粒子径が同じような素材や、3種類以上の素材を混合評価する場合には用いることができない。 This regulation is applicable only when two types of powders with different colors and particle sizes are used. In addition, in the mixing operation, the macroscopic mixing moves as an aggregate of a size corresponding to the operation level. From this, the microscopic mixing process in which the aggregates are crushed and dispersed is evaluated. Therefore, it cannot be used when a material having the same color tone and particle diameter or three or more materials are mixed and evaluated.

加えて近年の製造加工は、製品の小型化及び軽量化に伴い、繊細な加工技術が求められている。特に加工領域の微細化によって、加工精度も微細な要因で決定されることが多くなっており、加工に用いる装置や素材のみならず、すべての処理過程において極微的な視点が必要になっている。 In addition, in recent manufacturing processes, delicate processing techniques are required as products become smaller and lighter. In particular, due to the miniaturization of the processing area, the processing accuracy is often determined by minute factors, and not only the equipment and materials used for processing but also the microscopic viewpoint is required in all processing processes. .

混合粉体を用いたレーザ肉盛り工法を用いる場合には、レーザのビーム径(概ね直径1mm以下)に合わせて、極微的な視点による評価が求められるが、従来の明度測定による粉体特性評価の方法では困難であった。 When using the laser build-up method using mixed powder, evaluation from a microscopic viewpoint is required according to the beam diameter of the laser (approximately 1 mm or less in diameter). This method was difficult.

特開平10−293104号JP 10-293104 A 特開2002−068938 号JP 2002-068938 A 特開平10−311802 号JP-A-10-31802

明度測定による粉体混合装置の混合特性評価方法日本粉体工業技術協会規格 SAP 16-13 : 2013Method for evaluating mixing characteristics of powder mixing equipment by brightness measurement Japan Standards for Powder Industry SAP 16-13: 2013

色調及び粒子径が類似する2種類以上の粉体を混合した場合に、その分散状況を微視的に定量化するための測定及び解析方法 Measurement and analysis method for microscopically quantifying the state of dispersion when two or more types of powders with similar colors and particle sizes are mixed

本発明は、上記の課題を解決するものとして粉体画像の微視的な撮影とその解析方法を提供し、混合粉体の分散状況を定量化する。
かかる処理方法は、下記の工程を含むことで特徴づけられる。

S1) 混合粉体の素材である各単体及び被測定混合粉体をデジタルカメラで撮影し数値化する。撮影点数は分散状況を定量化するために必要十分な数とする。

S2) 撮影された各画像データの演算処理により、二値化変換レベルに対する白色画素数を計数する。

S3) 各単体粉体の画像演算処理から得られた白色画素数は、分散状況評価のための基準値となる。

S4) S2)及びS3)の操作によって得られた各単体及び被測定混合粉体の白色画素数を、二値化変換レベルに関して演算処理及び回帰分析する。

S5) 回帰分析によって得られた回帰曲線の回帰係数から成分比を算出し、各単体から得られた成分比を母数として演算処理をすることにより、被測定混合粉体に含まれる各素材成分の分散到達度を算出する。
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a microscopic photographing of a powder image and an analysis method thereof, and quantifies the dispersion state of the mixed powder.
Such a processing method is characterized by including the following steps.

S1) The individual powders to be mixed powder and the measured mixed powder are photographed with a digital camera and digitized. The number of shooting points is necessary and sufficient to quantify the dispersion state.

S2) The number of white pixels with respect to the binarization conversion level is counted by the arithmetic processing of each imaged image.

S3) The number of white pixels obtained from the image calculation processing of each single powder is a reference value for evaluating the dispersion status.

S4) The number of white pixels of each simple substance and the mixed powder to be measured obtained by the operations of S2) and S3) are subjected to arithmetic processing and regression analysis with respect to the binarization conversion level.

S5) Calculate the component ratio from the regression coefficient of the regression curve obtained by the regression analysis, and calculate the component ratio obtained from each simple substance as a parameter. The degree of achievement of dispersion is calculated.

従来から行われている明度測定による混合評価においては、その精度上、凝集体の解砕度合など、巨視的な評価に限られていたが、かかる構成により、色調及び粒子径が類似する2種類以上の粉体の分散評価を微視的に行うことができる。 In the conventional mixed evaluation by lightness measurement, the accuracy is limited to macroscopic evaluation such as the degree of disintegration of aggregates, but with such a configuration, two types of similar colors and particle sizes are used. The above dispersion evaluation of the powder can be performed microscopically.

分散評価の基礎となるデータ取得にデジタルカメラを用いており、デジタルカメラを顕微鏡等に装着することによって極微的な領域の評価が可能となる。 また、撮影と同期した可動ステージを用いることで、自動制御による多数点の撮影が可能となり、結果的に従来の巨視的な到達度測定と同じ評価を得ることができる。 A digital camera is used for data acquisition which is the basis of the dispersion evaluation. By attaching the digital camera to a microscope or the like, it is possible to evaluate a micro area. In addition, by using a movable stage synchronized with the photographing, it is possible to photograph a large number of points by automatic control, and as a result, the same evaluation as the conventional macroscopic reachability measurement can be obtained.

本発明は混合粉体及びそれを構成する各単体の画像撮影を行うだけで、分散評価を行うための基礎データを取得することができ、極微領域の評価など、従来の明度測定による混合評価では困難であったさまざまな制約を解決できる点において、製品加工のみならず、創薬などの医療関連分野や理化学の基礎研究分野にも応用できる。 In the present invention, it is possible to obtain basic data for performing dispersion evaluation only by taking an image of the mixed powder and each of the components constituting the mixed powder. It can be applied not only to product processing, but also to medical-related fields such as drug discovery and basic research fields of physics and chemistry in that it can solve various difficulties that have been difficult.

画像撮影装置構成図Image capture device configuration diagram 二値化レベル−白色画素数の微分曲線Binarization level-differential curve of the number of white pixels 二値化レベル−白色画素数の微分曲線の成分解析Binarization level-component analysis of the differential curve of the number of white pixels 被測定混合粉体撮影箇所概念図Conceptual diagram of the location of the mixed powder to be measured 極微的な分散到達度分布Minimal dispersion achievement distribution 巨視的な分散到達度分布Macroscopic distributed reach distribution

以下、本発明の好適な実施形態を説明する。なお、本明細書において特に言及している事項以外の事項であって本発明の実施に必要な事項は、当該分野における従来技術に基づく当業者の設計事項として把握されえる。本発明は、本明細書に開示されている内容と当該分野における技術常識とに基づいて実施することができる。 Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described. It should be noted that matters other than matters specifically mentioned in the present specification and necessary for carrying out the present invention can be understood as design matters of those skilled in the art based on the prior art in this field. The present invention can be carried out based on the contents disclosed in this specification and common technical knowledge in the field.

ここに開示される測定及び解析方法について以下に詳細に説明する。

S1) 被測定混合粉体及びそれを構成する単体粉体の用意
ここに開示される技術において、分散状況の評価は、被測定混合粉体に含有する単体粉体をすべて個別に画像撮影及び解析を行い、その結果を分散評価のための基準値としている。
The measurement and analysis method disclosed herein will be described in detail below.

S1) Preparation of mixed powder to be measured and simple powders constituting the same In the technology disclosed herein, the evaluation of the dispersion state is performed by photographing and analyzing all single powders contained in the mixed powder to be measured individually. The result is used as a reference value for variance evaluation.

含有する単体粉体の画像をデジタルカメラで撮影し、データを数値化する。 An image of the contained powder is taken with a digital camera and the data is digitized.

同様に被測定混合粉体の画像をデジタルカメラで撮影し、データを数値化する。この撮影では、照明の明るさなどの条件を単体粉体の撮影と同一環境下で行わなければならない。 Similarly, an image of the mixed powder to be measured is taken with a digital camera, and the data is digitized. In this photography, conditions such as the brightness of illumination must be performed in the same environment as the photography of a single powder.

画像撮影は、分散状況の算出に関連して、必要かつ十分な撮影点数を確保する必要がある。撮影は被測定粉体を移動させるステージと同期して自動的に行われる。 In image shooting, it is necessary to secure a necessary and sufficient number of shooting points in connection with calculation of the dispersion state. The photographing is automatically performed in synchronization with the stage for moving the powder to be measured.

S2) 画像データの二値化変換
撮影されたカラー画像は、グレー画像を経て二値化画像に変換される。その際、変換レベル毎に白色画素数を計数して、二値化変換レベルに対する白色画素数の二次元配列を生成する。これを被測定粉体配列データとする。
S2) Binarization conversion of image data A color image obtained by photographing is converted into a binary image through a gray image. At that time, the number of white pixels is counted for each conversion level, and a two-dimensional array of white pixels for the binarized conversion level is generated. This will be measured powder array data.

S3) 基準配列データの生成
被測定粉体に含有する単体粉体画像から得られたそれぞれの二次元配列データは、被測定粉体中の混合比率に応じた係数を乗じて加算合成され、基準配列データとする。
S3) Generation of reference array data Each two-dimensional array data obtained from a single powder image contained in the measured powder is added and multiplied by a coefficient corresponding to the mixing ratio in the measured powder. This is array data.

S4) 各配列データの微分処理及び回帰分析
被測定混合粉体配列データ及び基準配列データは、それぞれ微分処理され、二値化変換レベルに対する白色画素数の変化量を示す二次曲線として表される。(以下、被測定混合粉体微分曲線及び基準微分曲線と称する)
S4) Differentiation processing and regression analysis of each array data The mixed powder array data to be measured and the reference array data are each subjected to differentiation processing and expressed as a quadratic curve indicating the amount of change in the number of white pixels with respect to the binarization conversion level. . (Hereinafter referred to as measured mixed powder differential curve and reference differential curve)

基準微分曲線は、回帰分析において、正規分布(Gaussian)と指数分布(exponential)の足し合わせによってできる分布(ex-Gaussian)によく適合し、得られた回帰曲線及び単体粉体ごとの回帰係数から、各単体粉体の基準パラメーターを取得する。 The standard differential curve fits well with the distribution (ex-Gaussian) obtained by adding the normal distribution (Gaussian) and the exponential distribution (exponential) in the regression analysis. From the obtained regression curve and the regression coefficient of each single powder Obtain the standard parameters of each single powder.

被測定混合粉体微分曲線を、前項の基準パラメーターを用いて同様な関数で回帰分析することにより、得られた回帰曲線の単体粉体ごとの回帰係数から成分比を算出することができる。 By subjecting the measured mixed powder differential curve to regression analysis with the same function using the reference parameters in the previous section, the component ratio can be calculated from the regression coefficient of each single powder in the obtained regression curve.

S5) 到達度の算出
回帰分析で得られた被測定混合粉体微分曲線の成分比と基準微分曲線の成分比は、それぞれの明度として取り扱うことができ、各撮影点の明度を総撮影点の平均明度で除したものが分散到達度となる。
S5) Calculation of degree of achievement The component ratio of the measured mixed powder derivative curve and the component ratio of the reference derivative curve obtained by regression analysis can be handled as each brightness, and the brightness of each shooting point is calculated as the total shooting point. Divided by the average brightness is the dispersion achievement.

以下、本発明の実施例を説明するが、本発明をかかる実施例に限定することを意図したものではない。 Examples of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not intended to be limited to such examples.

(被測定混合粉体の作成)
粒子径が数十ミクロン程度の3種類の単体粉体を用意した。B4CとTiの色合いは黒く、混ざり合った場合は視認することは困難である。Alは比較的白い粒子である。混合粉体の混合割合はB4C:Ti : Alが1:1:1の割合である。
これらの単体粉体は、混合器で十分な時間混合操作したものである。
(Making mixed powder to be measured)
Three types of simple powders with particle sizes of several tens of microns were prepared. The color of B4C and Ti is black, and it is difficult to see when mixed. Al is a relatively white particle. The mixing ratio of the mixed powder is such that B4C: Ti: Al is 1: 1: 1.
These simple powders have been mixed with a mixer for a sufficient time.

被測定混合粉体を直径40mmのシャーレに入れて、粉体表面を据え切りして平坦な面とした。 The mixed powder to be measured was put in a petri dish having a diameter of 40 mm, and the powder surface was fixed to make a flat surface.

混合粉体の入ったシャーレを可動ステージの上におく。可動ステージは、直径40mmの回転部を有するパルス駆動の回転ステージである。ステージは制御用パソコンからUSBインターフェースを介して送出されるパルス信号によって回転する。1パルスあたりの駆動角度は、0.0023°である。 Place the petri dish containing the mixed powder on the movable stage. The movable stage is a pulse-driven rotary stage having a rotary part with a diameter of 40 mm. The stage is rotated by a pulse signal sent from the control PC via the USB interface. The driving angle per pulse is 0.0023 °.

画像撮影は、752×480画素(ピクセルサイズ6mm×6mm)を有するデジタルカメラに、5倍の対物レンズを装着した。これによって、1つの画像の撮影面積は約1mm2となっている。 For image shooting, a 5 × objective lens was attached to a digital camera having 752 × 480 pixels (pixel size: 6 mm × 6 mm). As a result, the shooting area of one image is about 1 mm2.

図1に画像測定装置の構成図を示す。パソコンでは、画像撮影と同期して、回転ステージを駆動するためのソフトウエアが稼働しており、撮影された画像はパソコンに逐次保存される。 FIG. 1 shows a configuration diagram of the image measuring apparatus. In the personal computer, software for driving the rotary stage is operated in synchronization with the image capturing, and the captured images are sequentially stored in the personal computer.

保存された画像データは、画像処理ソフトウエアにおいて、画像ごとにカラー画像からグレー画像を経て、二値化画像に変換される。 その際、二値化変換レベルを変化させることによって、各レベルに対する白色画素数の計数が行われる。計数された白色画素数は、二値化変換レベルの関数として二次元配列で格納される。これらの処理は、撮影された画像すべてについて一括して行っている。 The stored image data is converted into a binarized image from a color image through a gray image for each image by image processing software. At that time, the number of white pixels for each level is counted by changing the binarization conversion level. The counted number of white pixels is stored in a two-dimensional array as a function of the binarization conversion level. These processes are performed collectively for all the captured images.

格納された二値化変換レベルに対する白色画素数の二次元配列は、白色画素数について微分され、改めて二値化変換レベルに対する白色画素数の変化量の二次元配列として格納される。この二次元配列は前項で述べた基準微分曲線及び被測定混合粉体微分曲線である The two-dimensional array of the number of white pixels with respect to the stored binarization conversion level is differentiated with respect to the number of white pixels, and is stored again as a two-dimensional array of the amount of change in the number of white pixels with respect to the binarization conversion level. This two-dimensional array is the reference differential curve and the measured mixed powder differential curve described in the previous section.

図2に、被測定混合粉体微分曲線の例を示す。横軸が二値化変換レベル、縦軸が白色画素数の変化量である。 FIG. 2 shows an example of the mixed powder differential curve to be measured. The horizontal axis is the binarization conversion level, and the vertical axis is the amount of change in the number of white pixels.

基準微分曲線及び被測定混合粉体微分曲線を、成分毎の曲線に分離するための回帰分析を行い、得られた回帰係数から混合粉体に含有する3成分の成分比を算出する。 A regression analysis is performed to separate the reference differential curve and the measured mixed powder differential curve into curves for each component, and the component ratio of the three components contained in the mixed powder is calculated from the obtained regression coefficient.

回帰分析では、基準微分曲線の分析で得られた回帰係数のうち、単体成分ごとに正規分布の広がりと指数分布の減衰を決定する係数を、被測定混合粉体微分曲線の分析時に定数として用いる。
図3に被測定混合粉体微分曲線の回帰分析の結果例を示す。
In the regression analysis, the coefficients that determine the spread of the normal distribution and the attenuation of the exponential distribution for each single component among the regression coefficients obtained in the analysis of the reference differential curve are used as constants when analyzing the mixed powder differential curve to be measured. .
FIG. 3 shows an example of the result of regression analysis of the mixed powder differential curve to be measured.

回帰分析で得られた回帰係数のうち、含有成分の強度に対応する係数から成分比を算出する。この成分比は、白色画素数の変化量から得られたものであるので明度比となる。 Of the regression coefficients obtained by the regression analysis, the component ratio is calculated from the coefficient corresponding to the strength of the contained component. Since this component ratio is obtained from the amount of change in the number of white pixels, it becomes the brightness ratio.

基準微分曲線から得られた明度比と被測定混合粉体微分曲線から得られた明度比との成分ごとの比率が混合状態を示す分散到達度となるが、基準微分曲線は、単体粉体を個別に撮影したものであるので、乱反射等の影響(黒いものはより暗く、白いものはより明るくなどの影響)が存在する。 The ratio for each component of the lightness ratio obtained from the reference differential curve and the lightness ratio obtained from the mixed powder differential curve to be measured is the degree of dispersion reaching the mixed state. Since the images were taken individually, there are effects such as diffuse reflection (effects such as black being darker and white being brighter).

この影響を補正するために、多数点の測定から得られた明度比の平均値を参照明度比とし、各測定点の明度比と参照明度比の比率から分散到達度を計算することによって補正を行う。 In order to correct this effect, the average value of the lightness ratio obtained from the measurement of multiple points is used as the reference lightness ratio, and correction is performed by calculating the dispersion achievement from the ratio of the lightness ratio of each measurement point and the reference lightness ratio. Do.

1点が1mm2の視野において、20点の測定を5つの系列に分け、合計100箇所において測定した場合の概念図を図4に示す。まず●の場所を360°に渡って合計20箇所を測定する。次に●から3.6°ずらした▲の場所から同様に20箇所を測定する。以下、■、○、△を繰り返すことによって合計100箇所となる。 FIG. 4 shows a conceptual diagram when 20 points of measurement are divided into 5 series in a field of view where 1 point is 1 mm 2 and measurements are made at a total of 100 points. First, measure a total of 20 points over 360 ° over 360 °. Next, measure 20 points in the same way from the ▲ position shifted by 3.6 ° from ●. Thereafter, by repeating ■, ○ and △, a total of 100 places are obtained.

極微的分散到達度の算出結果の例を図5に示す。この結果は●系列の測定箇所で得られた面積が1mm2である1つの箇所の分散到達度を示したものであり、100箇所の測定で得られた参照明度比によって補正されたものである。 FIG. 5 shows an example of the calculation result of the microscopic dispersion achievement degree. This result shows the degree of dispersion at one point where the area obtained at the measurement points in the series is 1 mm 2 and is corrected by the reference lightness ratio obtained at the measurement at 100 points.

多数点の測定によって、測定総面積は、例えば100点の測定点計測であれば約100mm2となり、結果的に従来の色差計等で得られた巨視的な分散到達度を算出することができる。巨視的分散度を算出したグラフを図6に示す。 By measuring a large number of points, the total measurement area is, for example, about 100 mm 2 when measuring 100 measurement points, and as a result, the macroscopic dispersion reach obtained by a conventional color difference meter or the like can be calculated. A graph in which the macroscopic degree of dispersion is calculated is shown in FIG.

図5及び図6に示すように解析処理をする領域によって任意の部分(面積)の分散到達度を求めることができる。 As shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the dispersion achievement degree of an arbitrary portion (area) can be obtained by the region to be analyzed.

本発明は異なる物質の混合体の作成において混合体の分散率を測定できるため、あらゆる産業への適用が可能である。 Since the present invention can measure the dispersion ratio of a mixture in preparation of a mixture of different substances, it can be applied to all industries.

1 ・・・ デジタルカメラ
2 ・・・ 対物レンズ
3 ・・・ 被測定混合粉体
4 ・・・ 回転ステージ
5 ・・・ パソコン
6 ・・・ デジタルカメラ制御信号及び画像データ信号の流れ
7 ・・・ 回転ステージ制御信号
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Digital camera 2 ... Objective lens 3 ... Mixed powder 4 to be measured ... Rotary stage 5 ... Personal computer 6 ... Digital camera control signal and image data signal flow 7 ... Rotation stage control signal

Claims (3)

混合粉体の混合度合いを表す分散率の測定にあって
各構成成分の固有明度特性を計測する方法と
混合粉体平均明度特性を計測する方法と
基準微分曲線から得られた明度特性と被測定混合粉体微分曲線から得られた平均明度特性を補正する方法と
から各画像取得領域における構成成分の分散率を求める方法。
A method of measuring the intrinsic brightness characteristics of each component, a method of measuring the average brightness characteristics of mixed powders, and the brightness characteristics obtained from the reference differential curve and measured A method for obtaining a dispersion rate of constituent components in each image acquisition region from a method for correcting an average brightness characteristic obtained from a mixed powder differential curve.
撮影画像の二値化変換から微分曲線をもとめ明度特性を得る方法 A method for obtaining lightness characteristics by obtaining a differential curve from binary conversion of a photographed image. 明度特性を表した微分曲線を回帰分析により構成成分の成分比を得る方法。 A method for obtaining a component ratio of a constituent component by regression analysis of a differential curve representing lightness characteristics.
JP2017000171A 2017-01-04 2017-01-04 Dispersion ratio measurement of mixed powder Pending JP2018109561A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114502266A (en) * 2019-10-09 2022-05-13 株式会社日立制作所 Powder mixing system and powder mixing method
JP2024107252A (en) * 2020-07-10 2024-08-08 株式会社カワタ Mixture ratio determination method and device
DE112022005331T5 (en) 2021-11-05 2024-08-29 Denso Corporation CONTROL UNIT FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114502266A (en) * 2019-10-09 2022-05-13 株式会社日立制作所 Powder mixing system and powder mixing method
CN114502266B (en) * 2019-10-09 2024-03-05 株式会社日立制作所 Powder mixing system and powder mixing method
JP2024107252A (en) * 2020-07-10 2024-08-08 株式会社カワタ Mixture ratio determination method and device
JP7708467B2 (en) 2020-07-10 2025-07-15 株式会社カワタ Mixture ratio determination method and mixture ratio determination device
DE112022005331T5 (en) 2021-11-05 2024-08-29 Denso Corporation CONTROL UNIT FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES

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