JP2018148730A - Brush, brush device, motor and wiper motor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To temporarily hold a brush at the time of assembling an armature, to share a brush and a brush holder regardless of the type of a motor, and to stably hold the brush to the brush holder. To provide a brush or brush device. SOLUTION: A tip portion having a sliding contact surface that is in sliding contact with a commutator, a base portion that is integrally provided with the tip portion and has a width in the commutator circumferential direction larger than the tip portion, and an upper surface of the base portion are provided. In a brush having a pig tail and an engaged portion provided on both side surfaces of the base portion and engaged with an urging means, the engaged portion is provided on a part of the base portion in the height direction. It is characterized by being. [Selection diagram] Fig. 5

Description

  The present invention relates to a brush device and a brush used in a motor, in particular, a wiper motor for swinging and driving a wiper blade for wiping a vehicle window.

  The motor includes a permanent magnet fixed to the inner peripheral side of a motor case that also serves as a stator yoke, and an armature that is rotatably provided on the inner peripheral side of the permanent magnet and has an armature coil wound thereon. Then, the armature rotates by the attractive repulsion force between the rotor magnetic pole excited by the armature coil and the stator field made of a permanent magnet. In the motor, the armature coil is electrically connected to a commutator, and a brush device is used to supply power to the commutator. The brush device includes a brush that is in sliding contact with the commutator, a brush holder that holds the brush, and a torsion spring that biases the brush toward the commutator. In the finished product that has been assembled, the brush held by the brush holder is urged toward the commutator by a torsion spring and is in sliding contact with the commutator. However, when the armature is assembled at the time of manufacturing the motor, it is necessary to temporarily hold the brush at the retracted position of the brush holder so that the brush does not contact the commutator.

  As a method of temporarily holding the brush in the retracted position of the brush holder during the manufacture of the motor, Patent Document 1 discloses an engagement convex portion that is provided with an engagement concave portion in the brush and that engages with the engagement concave portion in the torsion spring. A technique is disclosed in which the brush is temporarily held at the retracted position of the brush holder by pressing the brush against the side inner wall of the brush holder by engagement between the two. If this technique is used, a torsion spring can be used to temporarily hold the brush on the brush holder, so there is no need to provide a separate engaging means.

  In recent years, in motors, proposals have been made to change the permanent magnet field from two poles to four poles in order to reduce size, increase output, and increase efficiency. Since the number of commutator pieces is larger in a 4-pole motor than in a 2-pole motor, the radial width of the commutator pieces is reduced, and the width of the brush needs to be reduced correspondingly. However, in order to make parts common, regardless of the type of motor, whether it is a 2-pole motor or a 4-pole motor, the brush width must be shared and a common brush holder should be used. was there.

  Therefore, Patent Document 2 describes a technique in which only the width of the portion that is in sliding contact with the commutator at the tip is made narrow according to the type of motor while the width of the base portion of the brush is kept constant. According to this technique, since the width of the base of the brush is constant regardless of the type of motor, a common brush holder can be used.

JP 2003-199299 A Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 58-159882

  In the motor described in Patent Document 1, it is difficult for a small motor for a vehicle such as a wiper motor to share the wide brush and brush holder of the two-pole motor as the brush and brush holder of the four-pole motor. Moreover, the position of the engagement recessed part provided in a brush changes with arrangement | positioning of a brush and a torsion spring. That is, since the position of the engagement recess provided in the brush is different between the case where the torsion spring is arranged on the right side and the case where the torsion spring is arranged on the left side, different brushes are required. For this reason, it is necessary to prepare a plurality of types of brushes and brush holders even with the same motor.

  The motor described in Patent Document 2 does not take into account the temporary holding of the brush when the armature is assembled. Further, similarly to the above-described Patent Document 1, the position of the engagement recess provided in the brush differs between the case where the torsion spring is arranged on the right side of the brush and the case where the torsion spring is arranged on the right side. . For this reason, even with the same motor, it is necessary to prepare a plurality of types of brushes and brush holders, and it has not been possible to share parts.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to allow temporary holding of the brush when the armature is assembled, to share the brush and the brush holder of the motor (DC motor), and to temporarily hold the brush on the brush holder. It is an object of the present invention to provide a brush or a brush device that can improve the layout of the structure.

  It is another object of the present invention to provide a brush device that can further improve the torsion spring assembly.

  Furthermore, the other object of this invention is to provide the motor provided with the brush apparatus which can share a brush and a brush holder.

  Furthermore, the other object of this invention is to provide the wiper motor provided with the brush apparatus which can share a brush and a brush holder.

  The above object of the present invention can be achieved by the following configurations. That is, the brush of the first aspect of the present invention includes a front end portion having a sliding contact surface that is in sliding contact with the commutator, and a base portion that is provided integrally with the front end portion and has a width in the circumferential direction of the commutator larger than the front end portion In the brush having a pigtail provided on the upper surface of the base, and an engaged portion provided on both side surfaces of the base and engaged with the urging means, the engaged portion is the base of the base. It is provided in a part in the height direction.

  The brush according to the second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in the brush according to the first aspect, the brush is substantially symmetrical with respect to a plane perpendicular to the circumferential direction of the commutator.

  The brush according to a third aspect of the present invention is the brush according to the first or second aspect, wherein the width in the circumferential direction of the commutator at the boundary portion between the tip and the base is from the base to the tip. It is characterized by gradually becoming smaller toward

  The brush according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the brush according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein a predetermined first tapered surface is provided between the upper surface and the side surface and / or the back surface. It is characterized by that.

  The brush according to the fifth aspect of the present invention is the brush according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein a predetermined second tapered surface is provided between the upper surface and the sliding contact surface. Features.

  The brush according to a sixth aspect of the present invention is the brush according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, wherein the engaged portion is an engaging recess.

  The brush according to a seventh aspect of the present invention is the brush according to the sixth aspect, characterized in that the engagement recess is provided to a height in the middle from the lower surface of the base side surface to the upper surface.

  The brush according to the eighth aspect of the present invention is the brush according to the seventh aspect, wherein the engagement recess is provided from the lower surface of the side surface of the base to a height that is approximately 2/3 or less of the height of the base. It is characterized by.

  The brush according to the ninth aspect of the present invention is the brush according to the sixth aspect, characterized in that the engaging recess is provided at the center in the height direction of the base side surface.

  The brush according to a tenth aspect of the present invention is the brush according to any one of the sixth to ninth aspects, wherein a predetermined third tapered surface is provided around the engaging recess.

  A brush device according to an eleventh aspect of the present invention is provided with a brush holder for holding the brush according to any one of the first to tenth aspects at the base, and the brush is moved toward the commutator by the biasing means. It is characterized by being energized.

  A brush device according to a twelfth aspect of the present invention is the brush device according to the eleventh aspect, wherein a side wall of the brush holder is provided with a notch having a predetermined length from the base side toward the tip side. The arrangement of the notches in the height direction corresponds to the height of the engaging portion of the urging means.

  The brush device according to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention is the brush device according to the eleventh or twelfth aspect, wherein the engaged portion or the engaging recess is the urging means in the temporary holding state of the brush. It is characterized by being engaged by the engaging part.

  The brush device according to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention is the brush device according to any one of the eleventh to thirteenth aspects, wherein a jig for engaging a jig for releasing the temporary holding state is engaged with the brush. Is provided.

  The brush device according to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention is the brush device according to any one of the eleventh to fourteenth aspects, wherein the urging means has the same shape even when the vertical direction is reversed.

  A motor according to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention includes the brush or the brush device according to any one of the first to fifteenth aspects.

  A wiper motor according to a seventeenth aspect of the present invention includes the brush or the brush device according to any one of the first to fifteenth aspects.

  According to the brush of the first aspect of the present invention, since the engaged portions that are engaged with the urging means are provided on both side surfaces of the base portion, the brush can be temporarily held when the armature is assembled. is there. Moreover, since the engaged portions that are engaged with the urging means are provided on both side surfaces of the base, the brush is shared regardless of whether the urging means is disposed on the right side or the left side of the brush. The layout of the structure in which the brush is temporarily held on the brush holder can be improved. Further, since the width of the commutator circumferential direction is larger at the base portion than the tip portion having a sliding contact surface that is in sliding contact with the commutator, the dimensions of the base portion can be made common regardless of the 2-pole motor or 4-pole motor. In addition, since the engaged portion is provided in a part of the base portion in the height direction, the width of the commutator circumferential direction of the base portion that can be used in common is set to the both sides of the base portion. Therefore, the brush can be stably held in the brush holder.

  According to the brush of the second aspect of the present invention, since the brush is substantially bilaterally symmetrical with respect to the surface perpendicular to the commutator circumferential direction, both side surfaces of the base of the brush are more stable on the inner surface of the side wall of the brush holder. Held. In addition, when the brush is formed by press forming with a mold, if the brush is substantially symmetrical, press forming is easy and the mold can be easily manufactured. Furthermore, since the unevenness is distributed substantially equally on the left and right, the chipping of the brush can be prevented and the die can be easily removed.

  According to the brush of the third aspect of the present invention, when the brush is formed by pressure molding with a mold, the width in the circumferential direction of the commutator at the boundary portion between the tip and the base is changed from the base to the tip. Since it gradually becomes smaller toward the part, the side surface shape is smooth, there is no sudden change in angle, it is easy to perform pressure molding, the mold can be easily manufactured, and brush breakage can be prevented. Furthermore, there is also an advantage that the mold can be easily removed.

  According to the brush of the fourth aspect of the present invention, the predetermined first taper surface provided between the upper surface and the back surface can be used as the jig engaging portion. Moreover, since it becomes easy to die-cut by setting it as a 1st taper surface, since the chamfering can be performed, the chip | tip of a brush can be prevented.

  According to the brush of the fifth aspect of the present invention, since the predetermined second tapered surface is provided between the upper surface and the sliding contact surface, the area where the sliding contact surface slides on the commutator is reduced. In the initial state, the contact resistance between the brush and the commutator can be reduced.

  According to the brush of the sixth aspect of the present invention, since the engaged portion is the engaging recess, the side surface of the brush can be stably held on the inner surface of the side wall of the brush holder.

  According to the brush of the seventh aspect of the present invention, since the engaging recess is provided up to a height in the middle from the lower surface of the base side surface to the upper surface, the portion near the upper surface of the base side surface ensures a certain width dimension. Therefore, the side surface of the brush can be stably held on the inner surface of the side wall of the brush holder. In particular, the brush posture can be stabilized in the vicinity of the upper surface even when a tension or the like is applied from the pigtail derived from the upper surface of the brush.

  According to the brush of the eighth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to reliably secure a portion where the width dimension is constant in the base portion over a predetermined range. Therefore, the side surface of the brush is more stably stabilized by the inner surface of the side wall of the brush holder. Can be held.

  According to the brush of the ninth aspect of the present invention, since the portion where the width dimension is constant in the base portion can be provided at two locations near the upper surface and the lower surface, the side surface of the brush is more stable by the inner surface of the side wall of the brush holder. Can be held.

  According to the brush of the tenth aspect of the present invention, the predetermined third taper surface is provided around the engagement recess, so that the corners can be prevented from chamfering by chamfering. Also, when the brush is formed by pressure molding with a mold, it is easy to remove the mold.

  According to the brush device of the eleventh aspect of the present invention, the brush can be stably held in the brush holder, and the brush can be urged stably toward the commutator side.

  According to the brush device of the twelfth aspect of the present invention, the brush can be reliably urged to the commutator side regardless of the position of the brush, and the brush is stably temporarily held in the temporary holding state. be able to.

  According to the brush device of the thirteenth aspect of the present invention, the brush can be temporarily and stably held by the engaging portion of the biasing means in the temporary holding state.

  According to the brush device of the fourteenth aspect of the present invention, the temporarily held brush can be reliably released from the temporarily held state by the jig.

  According to the brush device of the fifteenth aspect of the present invention, the torsion spring assembling function as the urging means can be improved. That is, it can be made from either the upper or lower side without being aware of the mounting direction of the torsion spring.

  According to the motor of the sixteenth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a motor having the operational effects exhibited by the brush or the brush device.

  According to the wiper motor of the seventeenth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a wiper motor having the operational effects exhibited by the brush or the brush device.

1 is an exploded perspective view of a wiper motor according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a fragmentary sectional view of FIG. It is the disassembled perspective view which showed the brush holder periphery of FIG. 1 in detail. It is a perspective view of the brush holder part of FIG. It is a perspective view of the brush of FIG. FIG. 6 is a projection view of the brush of FIG. 5. It is a side view of the brush holder in the temporary holding state of a brush. It is explanatory drawing from the temporary holding state of a brush to a temporary holding cancellation | release state. It is a perspective view of the brush of the wiper motor concerning a 2nd embodiment of the present invention. It is a bottom view of the brush of the wiper motor concerning a 3rd embodiment of the present invention. It is a bottom view of the brush of the wiper motor concerning a 4th embodiment of the present invention. It is a bottom view of the brush of the wiper motor concerning a 5th embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view of the brush holder of the wiper motor concerning a 6th embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view of the torsion spring of the wiper motor concerning a 7th embodiment of the present invention. It is a disassembled perspective view of the brush apparatus of the wiper motor which concerns on 8th Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the brush arrangement | positioning of the wiper motor which concerns on 9th Embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, a motor provided with a brush device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the embodiment described below exemplifies a motor for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and does not specify the present invention, and other embodiments included in the scope of claims. It is equally applicable to those. Further, a wiper motor for swinging and driving a wiper blade for wiping a vehicle window will be described as an example, but the application of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[First Embodiment]
A motor 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  First, a schematic configuration of a motor according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the motor 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is an exploded view showing in detail the periphery of the brush holder of FIG. It is a perspective view.

<Overall structure of motor 1>
The motor 1 is used as a drive source for the wiper device 4 of the vehicle. The motor 1 includes a motor body 10 that is controlled so as to be able to rotate forward and backward, a speed reduction mechanism unit 33 that is connected to the motor body 10 and is housed in the gear housing 20, covers an opening side of the gear housing 20, and A cover 28 constituting a sealed space, a control device 30 disposed in the sealed space, an inner cover 23 that partitions the sealed space into the speed reduction mechanism 33 side and the control device 30 side, and the brush 41 are supported. And a brush device 40.

  An output shaft 32 protrudes on the non-opening side (lower side in FIG. 1) of the gear housing 20 of the speed reduction mechanism portion 33. The output shaft 32 is connected to the wiper arm 2 to which the wiper blade 3 for wiping the window glass of the vehicle is attached at the tip, directly or indirectly through a link mechanism. The wiper device 4 is driven by the motor body 10 so that the output shaft 32 can be rotated forward and backward, and the wiper arm 2 swings to move the wiper blade 3 between the upper inverted position and the lower inverted position of the window glass surface. It is configured to be wiped back and forth.

  In the first embodiment, the motor 1 will be described as a drive source of the wiper device 4 of the vehicle. However, the use of the motor 1 of the present invention is not limited to the drive source of the wiper device 4, and the drive of a general device is widely used. It can be used as a power source and can be applied to uses such as a power seat, a sliding door, a power window, and a sunroof mounted on a vehicle.

  The motor body 10 is composed of a DC motor with a brush. The motor main body 10 includes a stator including a stator yoke 11 as a housing of the motor main body 10 and a rotor 12 concentric with the stator and rotatably supported inside the stator. The stator yoke 11 is made of a magnetic material such as iron and has a substantially bottomed cylindrical shape. A two-pole permanent magnet 13 is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the cylindrical portion of the stator yoke 11 so that the north and south poles face each other. Is provided. At the center of the rotor, a round rod-shaped rotating shaft 16 is provided coaxially with the bottomed cylindrical stator yoke 11. On the opening side of the stator yoke 11, there is provided a flange 11 a that protrudes outward from the opening end of the stator yoke 11 in the direction orthogonal to the axis of the rotation shaft. This flange 11 a is a motor of the cylindrical portion 36 of the yoke connecting portion 34. It is fixed to the flange 36a provided on the main body 10 side by screws 11b.

  The rotor is provided with an armature 14 so as to face the inner peripheral surface of the permanent magnet 13, and the armature 14 has a plurality of magnetic poles around which coils are wound, and each magnetic pole faces the permanent magnet 13. doing. Further, a commutator 15 that is electrically connected to the coil is provided on the opening side of the stator yoke 11 of the rotor, and the two brushes 41 supported by the brush holder 42 are in sliding contact so that the coil is energized. It has become.

  A bearing is provided on the non-opening side (bottom side) of the stator yoke 11, and one end of the rotating shaft 16 is rotatably supported. The other end side of the commutator 15 of the rotating shaft 16 is rotatably supported by a bearing 19 fixed to a boss portion 51 provided on the bottom wall portion 56 of the yoke connecting portion 34. Furthermore, the other end side of the bearing 19 of the rotating shaft 16 penetrates the boss hole 51a, and a worm 21 is provided at the tip. The tip side of the worm 21 is rotatably supported by a bearing (not shown).

  The gear housing 20 accommodates the speed reduction mechanism portion 33 on the opening side of the gear housing body 35, and the bottomed box in which the yoke connecting portion 34 integrally formed on the motor body 10 side of the gear housing body 35 accommodates the brush device 40. The material is a metal, preferably a conductive metal, such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and is formed, for example, by die casting. The gear housing 20 is connected to the output shaft hole (not shown) through which the output shaft 32 is inserted and supported from the bottom plate portion 20a opposite to the opening side, and the rotating shaft 16 and the commutator 15 in communication with the motor body side. Has an opening 36b. The material of the gear housing 20 is not limited to aluminum, and any material may be used as long as it is a metal.

  A worm 21 and a worm wheel 22 are accommodated on the opening side of the gear housing body 35. The other end of the rotating shaft of the motor body 10 is provided with a worm 21 on the tip side penetrating the boss hole 51a, and the tip of the worm 21 is rotatably supported by a bearing (not shown) provided on the gear housing body 35. Has been. Since the worm 21 meshes with the worm wheel 22, the rotation of the rotating shaft 16 of the motor body 10 is decelerated by the worm 21 and the worm wheel 22 and output from the output shaft 32.

  The circuit board 24 is, for example, a glass resin board, and is formed in a substantially rectangular plate shape having the axial direction of the output shaft 32 as the thickness direction, and constitutes a part of the control device 30. The circuit board 24 has a field effect transistor (hereinafter referred to as FET) 25 a and an electronic component 25 including an electrolytic capacitor 25 b mounted on the surface on the cover 28 side, and is fixed to the cover 28. For example, four FETs 25a are provided to form an H bridge, and drive the motor body 10 forward and backward. A heat sink 26 is provided at a position in contact with the FET 25a, and a cooling fin 29 is provided at a position facing the heat sink 26 in the cover 28. Further, a connection terminal 27 having a male connector 27 a is provided on the side of the motor body 10 of the circuit board 24 in order to energize the brush device 40. The brush device 40 is provided with a female connector 43 into which the male connector 27 a is inserted. By inserting the male connector 27 a into the female connector 43, the brush 41 of the brush device 40 is energized from the circuit board 24.

  The cover 28 has a bottomed box shape, and is formed of, for example, a metal material such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy, for example, by die casting, and has a screw hole 31 at the peripheral edge. By covering the opening side of the cover 28 on the opening side of the gear housing 20, a sealed space is formed between them. A female screw 38 is provided at an edge around the opening side of the gear housing 20. The screw hole 31 provided at the edge of the cover 28 corresponds to the position of the female screw 38. By passing the male screw (not shown) into the female screw 38 through the screw hole 31, the cover 28 is fitted to the gear housing. 20 is fixed.

  The inner cover 23 divides a sealed space formed by the gear housing 20 and the cover 28 into a speed reduction mechanism portion 33 side and a control device 30 side, and is formed by performing injection molding or the like with a resin material, for example. ing.

  The operation of the motor 1 having the above structure is as follows. The motor 1 is provided with a power connector (not shown) to which an external power source is connected. For example, an external power source is supplied to the control device 30 including an FET 25a and an electrolytic capacitor 25b constituting an H bridge. A pair of control currents for driving the motor main body 10 forward and reversely output from the control device 30 via the male connector 27a of the connection terminal 27, the female connector 43, and the pigtail 61 (see FIGS. 4 and 5). Power is supplied to the brush 41. Since the pair of brushes 41 is in sliding contact with the commutator 15 electrically connected to the armature coil, the rotor magnetic pole around which the armature coil is wound is excited. Inside the stator yoke 11, a two-pole permanent magnet 13 is provided so that the N pole and the S pole face each other and generate a permanent magnet field. The armature 14 rotates about the axis of the rotating shaft 16 by the attractive repulsive force of the permanent magnet field and the rotor magnetic pole. The rotation of the rotation shaft 16 is decelerated by the deceleration mechanism 33 and output to the output shaft 32. Since the output shaft 32 is driven to rotate forward and backward, the wiper arm 2 connected directly or indirectly via a link mechanism and the wiper blade 3 attached to the tip of the wiper blade 3 are driven to swing. The surface is wiped back and forth between the upper inversion position and the lower inversion position.

<Schematic configuration of brush device 40>
The brush device 40 has a plate-like shape having a surface perpendicular to the axis of the rotating shaft 16, and a pair of leg portions 45 disposed so as to straddle the commutator 15, and a surface of the pair of leg portions 45 on the motor body 10 side, respectively. A brush holder 42 provided, a brush 41 supported by the brush holder 42, and a pair of brush-side fastening portions 46 provided to connect the pair of leg portions 45 are included. The leg 45 is formed of an insulating thermosetting resin such as a phenol resin. The pair of brush side fastening portions 46 are parallel to the bottom surface of the cover 28 and have a rectangular plate-like member having a long side in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 16, and the plate-like member is arranged in parallel to the rotary shaft 16. It has a pair of through holes. An annular upper floating rubber 49 is fitted on the inner peripheral side of the through hole. An annular groove is provided in the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral surface of the upper floating rubber 49, and this annular groove is fitted into the inner periphery of the through hole of the brush side fastening portion 46. On the other hand, a screw boss 59 of a flange side fastening portion 57 and a boss side fastening portion 58, which will be described later, is inserted into the inner peripheral side of the annular upper floating rubber 49. Moreover, the bottom plate part 20a side edge part of a pair of leg part 45 is a substantially "le" -shaped shape where a width | variety becomes narrow as it goes to a front-end | tip, and the lower floating rubber 48 is engage | inserted around the front-end | tip part, respectively. Yes. The lower floating rubber 48 has a shape along the outer peripheral shape of the leg portion 45. A concave groove into which the leg portion 45 is fitted is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the lower floating rubber 48 so as to follow the outer periphery of the leg portion 45.

  A first groove wall 53 disposed in the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral side of the cylindrical portion 36, a second groove wall 54 disposed closer to the boss portion 51 than the first groove wall 53, and a first The groove wall 53 and the second groove wall 54 are provided with a closing wall 55 for joining the bottom plate portion 20a. A holding groove 52 is formed in a space surrounded by the first groove wall 53, the second groove wall 54, and the closing wall 55. A flange side fastening portion 57 is provided on the bottom side of the cover 28 of the cylindrical portion 36. A boss side fastening portion 58 is provided on the cover 28 side of the boss portion. Screw bosses 59 made of female threads are respectively provided on the bottom surface side of the cover 28 of the flange side fastening portion 57 and the boss side fastening portion 58, and the heights of both screw bosses 59 from the bottom plate portion 20a are set to be equal. ing.

  Next, assembly of the brush device 40 to the yoke connecting portion 34 will be described. An upper floating rubber 49 is fitted into the through hole of the brush side fastening portion 46 of the brush device 40, and a lower floating rubber 48 is fitted to the tip of the leg portion 45. In this state, when the brush device 40 is assembled to the yoke connecting portion 34, the pair of brush side fastening portions 46 are externally threaded to the screw bosses 59 of the flange side fastening portion 57 and the boss side fastening portion 58 via the upper floating rubber 49. And fastened with a washer. That is, the screw boss 59 is fitted to the inner periphery of the upper floating rubber 49, and a washer is disposed on the cover 28 side of the upper floating rubber 49. A male screw is inserted from above the washer and screwed into the female screw of the screw boss 59. To fix. Since the annular groove of the upper floating rubber 49 is fitted into the inner periphery of the through hole of the brush side fastening portion 46, the brush side fastening portion 46, the flange side fastening portion 57, and the boss side fastening portion 58 are connected to the upper floating rubber 49. Floating supported through. At the same time, the lower floating rubber 48 fitted to the tip of the leg portion 45 is fitted into the holding groove 52, so that the leg portion 45 is floatingly supported by the cylindrical portion 36 via the lower floating rubber 48. As a result, the brush device 40 is floatingly supported with respect to the yoke connecting portion 34.

  Since the brush device 40 is floatingly supported with respect to the yoke connecting portion 34, vibration generated when the brush 41 is in sliding contact with the commutator 15 is absorbed by the upper floating rubber 49 and the lower floating rubber 48, and the yoke connecting portion 34. Can be prevented from being transmitted. For this reason, generation | occurrence | production of the vibration and noise resulting from the vibration which generate | occur | produced in the brush 41 transmitting to the gear housing 20 can be reduced.

<Brush holder structure>
The structure of the brush holder 42 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the brush holder 42 in a state where the brush 41 is temporarily held. The brush holder 42 that supports the brush 41 is fixed to the leg portion 45 by a pair of fixing claws 42 c and a convex portion 42 d so that the sliding contact surface 76 of the brush 41 faces the commutator 15. The pair of brushes 41 is set to face the commutator 15 with a mechanical angle of 180 degrees with respect to the commutator 15, and is supported on the surface of the leg 45 on the motor body 10 side. The pair of fixed claws 42c are extended from the lower wall 42e to the sliding contact surface 76 side and the back surface 78 side of the brush 41, and respectively follow the shape of the leg portion 45 on the end surface in the width direction of the leg portion 45. Are bent twice and caulked to be fixed to the leg 45 (see FIG. 7). The convex part 42d protrudes from the side wall 42b toward the leg part 45, and is positioned and fixed by fitting into a through hole 68 provided in the leg part 45. The brush holder 42 is configured by pressing a single metal plate made of brass or the like, and is integrally formed including the fixed claw 42c, the convex portion 42d, and the side plate 65. The convex portion 42d contributes to maintaining the shape of the brush holder 42 in addition to positioning.

  On the side of the torsion spring 66 of the side wall 42b, a side surface notch 64 is provided in parallel with the surface of the leg portion 45 from the counter commutator side toward the commutator side. When the brush 41 is in the temporary holding state, the engagement convex portion 66 a of the torsion spring 66 engages with the engagement concave portion 71 of the brush 41, and the base portion 75 of the brush 41 is placed on the side wall 42 b opposite to the torsion spring 66. The brush 41 is held at a position where it does not come into contact with the commutator. On the other hand, when the temporary holding state of the brush 41 is released, the engaging convex portion 66a biases the back surface 78 of the brush 41 in the direction of the commutator, so that the brush 41 contacts the outer periphery of the commutator. At this time, since the engaging convex portion 66a can be inserted through the side cutout 64, it is possible to prevent the brush holder 42 from hindering the pressure following the movement of the brush 41 by the torsion spring 66. Accordingly, the brush 41 can be reliably urged toward the commutator 15 regardless of the position of the brush 41, and the brush 41 can be stably temporarily held in the temporary holding state. The side cutouts 64 may be provided only on one side of the pair of side walls 42b or may be provided on both sides.

  An upper surface notch 43 is provided on the upper wall 42a of the brush holder 42 from the non-commutator side toward the commutator side. Since the pigtail 61 of the brush 41 can be inserted through the upper surface notch 43, the movement of the pigtail 61 accompanying the movement of the brush 41 can be prevented from being obstructed by the brush holder.

  A side plate 65 projects from the side wall 42b of the brush holder 42 opposite to the torsion spring 66 toward the motor main body 10 near the counter commutator. A locked portion 65b as a notch is provided from the commutator side of the side plate 65 toward the counter commutator side. The locking portion 66b of the torsion spring 66 is locked to the locked portion 65b. The locking part 66b biases the locked part 65b toward the counter-commutator side. The torsion spring 66 is composed of a metal wire, and a portion wound spirally is used as a support portion 66c, and one end portion of the metal wire is extended to form an engaging convex portion 66a, and the other end portion. Is extended to form a locking portion 66b. The support portion 66c is inserted and supported by a support pin 47 protruding from the leg portion 45 toward the motor main body 10 side. The torsion spring 66 configured as described above presses the brush 41 against the inner surface of the side wall 42b opposite to the torsion spring 66 when the brush 41 is in the temporarily held state, and when the brush 41 is released from the temporarily held state. The back surface 78 is urged toward the commutator 15 side.

  In the first embodiment, a torsion spring 66 is disposed on the right side of one brush 41, and a torsion spring 66 is disposed on the left side of the other brush 41. FIG. 4 shows the latter, and a torsion spring 66 is provided on the left side of the brush 41. As will be described later, the same brush 41 can be used in any arrangement. Further, as described later, the same brush 41 can be shared regardless of the type of motor.

<Brush shape>
The shape of the brush 41 is demonstrated using FIG.5 and FIG.6. 5 is a perspective view of the brush 41, and FIG. The brush 41 is a carbon brush, and includes a tip portion 74 and a base portion 75, and a pigtail 61 is provided on the upper surface 77 of the base portion 75. Further, the brush 41 is formed by pressure molding using, for example, a mold that is divided in the vertical direction (vertical direction in FIG. 5), and includes an upper surface 77 on the motor body side, a lower surface 80 on the opposite side, and an upper surface 77 and a lower surface 80. A pair of side surfaces 79, a slidable contact surface 76 on the commutator side, and a back surface 78 on the counter commutator side, has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape elongated in the direction along the brush holder 42 as a whole. The width W2 of the commutator 15 in the circumferential direction of the base portion 75 is larger than the width W1 of the distal end portion 74, and the circumferential width of the commutator 15 between the distal end portion 74 and the base portion 75 (boundary portion) is the distal end portion 74. Gradually increases toward the base 75.

  As the motor has a larger number of poles, the width of the commutator piece of the commutator 15 becomes narrower. Therefore, it is necessary to narrow the width of the sliding contact surface 76 of the brush 41 in the circumferential direction of the commutator 15. If a brush with a constant width is used, a plurality of types of brushes must be prepared according to the number of poles of the motor, and a plurality of types of brush holders corresponding to the widths of these brushes must be prepared. Therefore, in the brush 41 of the first embodiment, by setting the width W2 to be larger than the width W1, for example, if the width W1 is made small enough to be compatible with a 4-pole motor, the same brush 41 can be used as a 2-pole motor. In addition, it can be shared with a 4-pole motor. That is, if the width W1 is set to be small enough to accommodate a motor having a large number of poles, the brush 41 can be shared for a motor having a smaller number of poles. The dimension of the width W1 is, for example, approximately 1/5 to approximately 4/5 of the width W2, preferably approximately 1/3 to approximately 4/5, and more preferably approximately 1/2 to approximately 4/5. . In some cases, the width of the slidable contact surface 76 may be changed according to the type of motor. In this case, the width W2 may be the same, and only the width W1 may be changed. Thereby, it is possible to share the brush holder 42 irrespective of the kind of motor. Further, by gradually increasing the circumferential width of the commutator 15 between the tip portion 74 and the base portion 75 from the tip portion 74 (W1) toward the base portion 75 (W2), the side surface 79 of the brush 41 is increased. Since the shape is smooth and there is no sudden change in angle, when the brush 41 is formed by pressure molding with a mold, it is easy to pressure mold, the mold can be easily manufactured, and the brush 41 is not chipped. Can be prevented.

  On both side surfaces 79 of the base portion 75, engagement recesses 71 as notches are provided on the back surface 78 side and the bottom surface 80 side. A distance W3 between the planes of both engaging recesses 71 provided in the base 75 is smaller than the width W2 of the base 75 in the radial direction of the commutator 15 and larger than the width W1 of the tip 74. Even if the depth of the engagement recess 71 is relatively small, the engagement protrusion 66a of the torsion spring 66 can be stably engaged. For this reason, the distance W3 is set to a predetermined dimension slightly smaller than the width W2.

  The height H2 from the lower surface 80 of the engaging recess 71 is smaller than the height H1 from the lower surface 80 to the upper surface 77 of the brush 41. For example, the height H2 is approximately 4/5 or less of the height H1, preferably , Approximately 2/3 or less, and more preferably, the height H2 is approximately 1/3 to approximately 2/3 of the height H1. For this reason, a base length direction continuous surface 87 in which the engagement recess 71 is not formed is provided near the upper surface 77 of the side surface 79 of the base portion 75.

  A length L <b> 2 from the back surface 78 of the engaging recess 71 to the distal end portion 74 side is smaller than the length L <b> 1 of the base portion 75. The dimension of the length L2 is preferably about 1/5 to about 4/5 of the length L1, and more preferably about 1/3 to about 2/3. For this reason, a base height direction continuous surface 88 in which the engagement recess 71 is not formed is provided near the tip 74 of the side surface 79 of the base 75.

  The length L1 of the base portion of the brush 41 is preferably approximately 1/5 to approximately 1/2 of the length L4 of the brush 41. The length L3 of the tip of the brush 41 is preferably about 1/3 to about 4/5 of the length L4 of the brush 41.

  The brush 41 is in contact with the inner surface of the side wall 42b of the brush holder 42 at the side surface 79 of the base 75, the upper surface 77 is in contact with the lower surface of the upper wall 42a, and the lower surface 80 is in contact with the upper surface of the lower wall 42e. 42 is supported by being surrounded by four sides. Since the upper surface 77 and the lower surface 80 of the brush 41 are planes parallel to the upper wall 42a and the lower wall 42e of the brush holder 42, respectively, they are smoothly supported with respect to the brush holder 42. The shape of the side surface 79 of the base 75 is not uniform because the engagement recess 71 is provided, but the base 75 is provided with a base length direction continuous surface 87 and a base height direction continuous surface 88. Therefore, the side surface 79 of the base portion 75 of the brush 41 is stably supported with respect to the side wall 42 b of the brush holder 42. When the rotating shaft 16 is driven forward / reversely, a force pressed against the side wall 42b of the brush holder 42 is applied to the brush 41 slidably contacting the commutator 15 according to the rotation direction. Since the base length direction continuous surface 87 and the base height direction continuous surface 88 are provided, the brush 41 is supported so that the posture in the brush holder 42 is always stable. Sometimes the sliding contact surface 76 of the brush 41 always comes into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the commutator 15 stably.

  Since the engagement recesses 71 are provided on both side surfaces 79 of the base portion 75 of the brush 41, the brush 41 is substantially bilaterally symmetrical with respect to a plane perpendicular to the circumferential direction of the commutator. It has such an action. When the brush 41 is temporarily held, the engagement convex portion 66a of the torsion spring 66 is engaged with the engagement concave portion 71 of the brush 41, whereby the brush 41 is held in the engagement concave portion 71 on the side opposite to the torsion spring 66. It pushes in the direction pressed against the side wall 42b of 42. Thereby, the brush 41 is pressed against the side wall 42b of the brush holder 42 opposite to the torsion spring 66, and the brush 41 is stabilized at a position (retracted position) where the sliding contact surface 76 of the brush 41 does not contact the commutator 15. And temporarily held. In the first embodiment, a torsion spring 66 is disposed on the right side of one brush 41, and a torsion spring 66 is disposed on the left side of the other brush 41. If the engaging recess 71 is provided only on one surface of the base portion 75 of the brush 41, it is necessary to prepare two types of brushes 41 for right and left depending on the arrangement of the torsion spring 66 with respect to the brush 41. is there. On the other hand, in the first embodiment, since the brush 41 is substantially bilaterally symmetric, the engaging recess 71 faces the torsion spring 66 regardless of whether the torsion spring 66 is arranged on the left or right side of the brush 41. Therefore, the brush 41 can be shared regardless of the arrangement of the torsion spring 66 with respect to the brush 41.

  A taper surface 72 and a taper surface 73 are provided as a third taper surface at a predetermined angle and in a predetermined range on the upper surface 77 side and the tip end 74 side of the engaging recess 71, respectively. This predetermined angle is, for example, in the range of 20 degrees to 70 degrees with respect to the surface of the engaging recess, and preferably in the range of 30 degrees to 60 degrees. For this reason, since the predetermined taper surface is provided around the engaging recess, chipping can be prevented by chamfering the corner. Further, when the brush is formed by pressure molding with a mold, it is easy to remove the mold.

  Between the upper surface 77 of the brush 41 and the slidable contact surface 76, a tapered surface as a second tapered surface is provided in a predetermined range at a predetermined angle. The predetermined angle is, for example, in the range of 5 to 45 degrees with respect to the sliding contact surface, and preferably in the range of 5 to 30 degrees. The range where the tapered surface is provided is such that the range H3 from the upper surface 77 to the lower surface of the slidable contact surface 76 is preferably about 4/5 or less of the height H1, more preferably about 1/3 to about 4. The range is / 5. For this reason, in the initial state, the area where the slidable contact surface slidably contacts the commutator can be reduced, and the contact resistance between the brush 41 and the commutator 15 can be reduced. Further, chipping can be prevented by chamfering the corners. Furthermore, when the brush is formed by pressure molding with a mold, it is easy to remove the mold.

  Between the upper surface 77 and the rear surface 78 of the brush 41, a tapered surface as a first tapered surface is provided in a predetermined range at a predetermined angle. The predetermined angle is, for example, in the range of 20 to 70 degrees with respect to the back surface 78, and preferably 30 to 60 degrees. For this reason, the predetermined taper surface provided between the upper surface 77 and the back surface 78 can be used as an after-mentioned jig 62 engaging portion for releasing the temporary holding of the brush 41 from the temporary holding state. Further, chipping can be prevented by chamfering the corners. Furthermore, when the brush is formed by pressure molding with a mold, it is easy to remove the mold.

  A tapered surface as a first tapered surface is provided between the upper surface 77 and the side surface 79 of the brush 41 in a predetermined range at a predetermined angle. The predetermined angle is, for example, in the range of 20 to 70 degrees with respect to the side surface 79, and preferably 30 to 60 degrees. For this reason, chipping can be prevented by chamfering the corners. Furthermore, when the brush is formed by pressure molding with a mold, it is easy to remove the mold.

  A tapered surface is provided between the lower surface 80 of the brush 41 and both side surfaces 79 within a predetermined range at a predetermined angle. The predetermined angle is, for example, in the range of 20 degrees to 70 degrees with respect to both side surfaces 79, and preferably in the range of 30 degrees to 60 degrees. For this reason, chipping can be prevented by chamfering the corners. Furthermore, when the brush is formed by pressure molding with a mold, it is easy to remove the mold.

  Between the slidable contact surface 76 and both side surfaces 79 of the brush 41, a tapered surface is provided in a predetermined range at a predetermined angle. The predetermined angle is, for example, in the range of 20 degrees to 70 degrees with respect to both side surfaces 79. For this reason, in the initial state, the area where the slidable contact surface slidably contacts the commutator can be reduced, and the contact resistance between the brush 41 and the commutator 15 can be reduced. Further, chipping can be prevented by chamfering the corners. Furthermore, when the brush is formed by pressure molding with a mold, it is easy to remove the mold.

<Brush temporary holding and temporary holding releasing operation>
The operation of temporarily holding and releasing the temporary holding of the brush 41 will be described along the assembly process of the motor 1 with reference to FIGS. 7 is a side view of the brush holder 42 in the temporary holding state of the brush 41 as viewed from the torsion spring 66 side, and FIG. 8 is an explanatory view from the temporary holding state of the brush 41 to the temporary holding release state.

  First, the motor body 10 is attached to the gear housing 20 to which the worm 21 and the worm wheel 22 are attached. The rotary shaft 16, the bearing 19 and the commutator 15 are inserted from the opening 36b of the cylindrical portion 36, the rotary shaft 16 is inserted through the boss hole 51a, and the bearing 19 is fixed to the boss portion 51 by a fixed plate. 15 is arranged at a predetermined position on the inner periphery of the cylindrical portion 36, and the flange 11a of the stator yoke 11 is coupled to the flange 36a of the cylindrical portion 36 by screws or the like. Next, the inner cover 23 is attached so as to cover the speed reduction mechanism portion 33.

  Subsequently, the brush device 40 is attached to the yoke connecting portion 34. Parts of the brush device 40 are attached in advance. That is, the brush holder 42, the brush 41, the torsion spring 66, and the lower floating rubber 48 are attached to the leg portion 45, and the upper floating rubber 49 is attached to the through holes of the pair of brush side fastening portions 46, respectively. The pair of leg portions 45 are respectively held in the holding grooves 52 via the lower floating rubber 48. As described above, the pair of brush side fastening portions 46 are fastened to the boss side fastening portion 58 as a female screw via the upper floating rubber 49 by a male screw and a washer (not shown). The brush device 40 is floatingly supported by the yoke connecting portion 34 through the upper floating rubber 49 and the lower floating rubber 48.

  When the pair of leg portions 45 on which the brush 41 is disposed so as to straddle the commutator 15 are attached to the yoke coupling portion 34, the torsion spring 66 is located at a position where the brush 41 does not contact the commutator 15 (retracted position). Is used to temporarily hold the brush 41 in the brush holder 42. In FIG. 7, the torsion spring 66 is omitted, but the engaging recess 71 is pressed by the torsion spring 66 on the side opposite to the torsion spring 66 (in the direction of arrow B). The brush 76 is temporarily held by the brush holder 42 in a state where 76 does not contact the commutator 15.

  After the brush device 40 is floatingly supported at a predetermined position of the yoke connecting portion 34, the temporary holding of the brush 41 is released. In order to release the temporary holding of the brush 41, it is necessary to press the brush 41 in the direction of the commutator 15 (the direction of the arrow C). In the first embodiment, a rod-shaped jig 62 is used to release the temporary holding of the brush 41. An inclined surface 62 a is provided on the tip end side of the jig 62 at a portion that contacts the brush 41. The jig 62 is arranged so that the inclined surface 62a abuts on a predetermined tapered surface 81 provided between the upper surface 77 and the rear surface 78 of the brush 41 when temporary holding is released. That is, the rod-shaped jig 62 is positioned at a predetermined position on the upper surface 77 side of the tapered surface 81 at a position where the longitudinal direction is perpendicular to the plane of the leg portion 45 and can contact the tapered surface 81 of the brush 41. Placed in. An inclined surface 62 a corresponding to the tapered surface 81 is provided on the side facing the tapered surface 81 on the tip side of the jig 62. Further, the jig 62 is provided so as to be parallel to the longitudinal direction (perpendicular to the plane of the leg portion 45) and movable in the direction approaching the leg portion 45 (in the direction of arrow A) (FIGS. 7 and 8). A)).

  When the jig 62 is moved in the direction of arrow A to release the temporary holding, the inclined surface 62 a presses the tapered surface 81 of the brush 41. Thus, when a pressing force is applied to the taper surface 81 of the brush 41 in the direction of the arrow A from the inclined surface 62a, the brush 41 has a force P1 perpendicular to the plane of the leg 45 and the plane of the leg 45. A parallel force P2 to the commutator 15 acts. As the jig 62 moves, the brush 41 is pushed out in the direction of the arrow C by the force P2 (see FIG. 8B). At this time, the position where the engaging convex portion 66a of the torsion spring 66 engages with the engaging concave portion 71 of the brush 41 gradually moves toward the back surface 78 side.

  When the jig 62 is further moved in the direction of arrow A from the state of FIG. 8B, the brush 41 is further moved in the direction of arrow C, and the engagement convex portion 66 a of the torsion spring 66 is engaged with the brush 41. The brush 41 comes out of the recess 71 and comes into contact with the back surface 78, and the temporary holding of the brush 41 is released (see FIG. 8C). In this state, the engaging convex portion 66a of the torsion spring 66 presses the back surface 78 of the brush 41 in the direction of arrow C, so the brush 41 is urged toward the commutator 15 (in the direction of arrow C), The sliding contact surface 76 comes into contact with the commutator 15 with a predetermined force.

  Finally, the jig 62 is removed, the cover 28 is covered from the opening side of the gear housing 20, the screw hole of the cover 28 is aligned with the female screw 38 provided at the edge of the gear housing 20, and the gear housing is connected with the male screw (not shown). The cover 28 is fixed with respect to 20.

<Operation and Effect of Brush Device of First Embodiment>
When attaching the brush device 40 to the yoke connecting portion 34, it is necessary to temporarily hold the brush 41 at a position where the sliding contact surface 76 does not contact the commutator 15. According to the brush device 40 of the first embodiment, since the engagement recess 71 is provided in the base 75 of the brush 41, the engagement 41 of the torsion spring 66 is engaged, so that the brush 41 is torsioned. By pressing the inner surface of the side wall 42b of the brush holder 42 opposite to the spring 66, the brush 41 can be temporarily held. Then, after the brush device 40 is assembled, the temporary holding of the brush 41 can be easily released by using the jig 62. Further, depending on the type of the motor 1, the brush device 40 may be assembled first, and the rotor 12 of the motor body 10 may be assembled later. Even in such a case, if the brush device of the first embodiment is used, the brush 41 can be temporarily held at a position where it does not contact the commutator 15 when the rotor 12 is assembled. That is, according to the brush device of the first embodiment, the brush 41 can be easily temporarily held regardless of the type of the motor 1, and the temporary holding can be easily released.

  Further, since the torsion spring 66 for pressing the brush 41 against the commutator 15 is used as a configuration for temporarily holding the brush 41, extra parts for temporary holding and special jigs for temporary holding are used. Do not need. Further, since the jig 62 is used in a state close to completion of assembly, there is a space limitation, and it is difficult to adopt a special structure, but in the first embodiment, the jig 62 for releasing temporary holding is used. Since a simple structure may be used, it is advantageous in that the degree of freedom in designing the jig 62 is high.

  Further, the engaging recess 71 of the brush 41 has a simple structure in which the side surface 79 of the base 75 is cut out by a predetermined amount from the lower surface 80 and the rear surface 78 side, so the brush 41 is formed by pressure molding using a mold. In this case, it is possible to use a mold having a simple shape divided in the vertical direction, and the brush 41 can be easily manufactured. Further, since the shape is simple, it is easy to design the amount by which the engagement recess 71 is cut out. Furthermore, since the engagement recess 71 may be of a size that allows the engagement protrusion 66a of the torsion spring 66 to be stably engaged, the depth of the engagement recess 71 may be relatively small, so that it can be easily removed from the mold. In addition, there is also an advantage that chipping is difficult to occur.

  Further, since the base length direction continuous surface 87 and the base height direction continuous surface 88 are provided around the engaging recess 71 of the brush 41, the side surface 79 of the base 75 of the brush 41 is connected to the side wall 42 b of the brush holder 42. It can be stably held on the inner surface.

  Further, the width W2 of the base portion 75 of the brush 41 is set larger than the width W1 of the tip portion 74, and the width dimension of the tip portion 74 provided with the sliding contact surface 76 can be set small, so that the number of poles is large. The brush 41 can also be shared for the motor body 10. For example, the brush 41 of a 2-pole motor and a 4-pole motor can be shared.

  Further, since the brush 41 is symmetric, the brush 41 can be shared regardless of whether the torsion spring 66 is disposed on the right side of the brush 41 or on the left side. Therefore, one type of brush 41 can be shared for all types of motor main body 10. Further, even when it is necessary to change the width dimension of the slidable contact surface 76, it is not necessary to change the dimension of the base 75, so that the design of the brush 41 is easy and the brush holder 42 can be shared. it can. Furthermore, since the brush 41 is symmetrical, the side surface 79 of the base portion 75 of the brush 41 can be stably held by the inner surface of the side wall 42b of the brush holder 42.

  Moreover, since the taper surface is provided in the edge part of the brush 41, it is easy to die-cut and it is hard to produce a chip. In particular, it is effective to provide a tapered surface around the engaging recess 71. In the first embodiment, taper surfaces are provided on all edges of the upper surface 77, both side surfaces 79 of the lower surface 80, and both side surfaces 79 of the slidable contact surface 76. However, the tapered surfaces may be omitted. It is possible to provide a tapered surface at the other edge. The edge portion provided with the taper surface and the edge portion not provided with the taper surface can be determined according to the ease of die cutting and the ease of occurrence of chipping.

  In the first embodiment, the brush 41 has been described as being substantially bilaterally symmetric with respect to a surface perpendicular to the circumferential direction of the commutator 15, but the present invention is not limited to this, and both side surfaces 79 of the base portion 75 of the brush 41. As long as the engagement recess 71 is provided on the left and right sides, it may be asymmetrical. If the engagement recesses 71 are provided on both side surfaces 79 of the base portion 75 of the brush 41, the brush 41 can be temporarily held regardless of whether the torsion spring 66 is disposed on the left or right side of the brush 41. 41 can be shared.

  Further, the side surface notches 64 of the brush holder 42 may be provided only on one side of the pair of side walls 42b or may be provided on both sides. However, when the side surface notches 64 are provided on both sides, the brush holder 42 is provided. There is an advantage that the shape of can be made symmetrical. In the first embodiment, since the side plate 65 is provided on one side wall 42b, the shape of the brush holder 42 cannot be made completely symmetrical. Therefore, if the arrangement of the locking portion 66b of the torsion spring 66 is changed so that the locking portion 66b is locked by, for example, a protrusion provided on the leg portion 45, the side plate 65 must be provided on the brush holder 42. Will disappear. As a result, the shape of the brush holder 42 can be made substantially symmetrical. In this case, the same brush 41 can be shared regardless of whether the torsion spring 66 is disposed on the right side or the left side of the brush 41. In addition, the same brush holder 42 can be shared.

[Second Embodiment]
The motor 1 according to the second embodiment of the present application will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, about the structure common to FIGS. 1-8, the same code | symbol is used and the description is abbreviate | omitted. FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the brush 41A of the motor 1 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

  The brush 41A of the second embodiment is different from the brush 41 of the first embodiment in the aspect of the engaging recess 71A. In the brush 41 of the first embodiment, the engaging recess 71 is provided on the back surface 78 side and the lower surface 80 side of both side surfaces 79 of the base 75, but in the brush 41A of the second embodiment, the engaging recess 71 is provided. 71 </ b> A is provided on the back surface 78 side of both side surfaces 79 of the base portion 75 and substantially in the center in the height direction. The range in the height direction in which the engaging recess 71A is provided is approximately 2/3 or less of the height H1 of the entire brush 41, preferably approximately 1/5 to approximately 2/3, and more preferably. About 1/5 to about 1/2. Further, the cross section parallel to the upper surface 77 in the center portion in the height direction of the brush 41 is the same as that in FIG. 6G, and the length L2 from the rear surface 78 of the engaging recess 71A to the distal end portion 74 side is the base portion. It is smaller than the length L1 from the back surface 78 of 75 to the front end 74 side. The dimension of L2 is preferably about 1/5 to about 4/5 of the length L1, and more preferably about 1/3 to about 2/3. Other shapes and dimensions are the same as in the first embodiment.

  When the engaging recess 71A is provided at the center in the height direction, the base length direction continuous surfaces 87A and 87B exist on both the upper surface 77 side and the lower surface 80 side of the engaging recess 71A, so the brush 41A Since the upper and lower sides of the engaging recess 71A of the base 75 come into contact with the inner surface of the side wall 42b of the brush holder 42, the brush 41A is more stably held by the brush holder 42.

  Here, the aspect in which the position in the height direction of the engaging recess 71A is the central portion of the brush 41A has been described. However, the position in the height direction of the engaging recess 71A of the present invention is not limited to this. It can also be the side. In this case, the base length direction continuous surface 87B is provided.

[Third Embodiment]
A motor 1 according to a third embodiment of the present application will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, about the structure common to FIGS. 1-9, the same code | symbol is used and the description is abbreviate | omitted. FIG. 10 is a bottom view of the brush 41B of the motor 1 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

  On both side surfaces 79 of the base portion 75 of the brush 41B, engagement concave portions 71B having a curved cross section viewed from the lower surface 80 are provided on the lower surface 80 side and at a position away from the rear surface 78. The curved cross-sectional shape of the engaging concave portion 71B corresponds to the curved shape of the engaging convex portion 66a of the torsion spring 66. Further, a tapered surface 99 is provided between the both side surfaces 79 and the back surface 78 of the base portion 75 at a portion corresponding to the engaging recess 71B at least in the height direction.

  According to the brush 41B of the third embodiment, since the curved cross-sectional shape of the engagement recess 71B corresponds to the curved shape of the engagement protrusion 66a of the torsion spring 66, the engagement protrusion 71B has an engagement protrusion. 66a can be stably engaged, and the temporary holding state of the brush 41B can be stably maintained. Further, since the brush 41B is provided with the tapered surface 99, when releasing the temporary holding state of the brush 41B, the brush 41B is pushed toward the commutator 15 by the jig 62, and the brush 41B is moved to the commutator 15. The engagement convex portion 66a of the torsion spring 66 can smoothly move from the engagement concave portion 71B through the tapered surface 99 to the back surface 78 of the brush 41B. Thereby, the temporary holding of the brush 41B in the temporary holding state can be smoothly released.

  Here, the position in the height direction in which the engagement recess 71B is provided is described as the lower surface 80 side, but the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, the position in the height direction of the engagement recess 71B is set at the center portion or the upper surface 77. It can also be the side. In addition, a predetermined tapered surface can be provided around the engaging recess 71B.

[Fourth Embodiment]
A motor 1 according to a fourth embodiment of the present application will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, about the structure which is common in FIGS. 1-10, the same code | symbol is used and the description is abbreviate | omitted. FIG. 11 is a bottom view of the brush 41C of the motor 1 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

  On both side surfaces 79 of the base portion 75 of the brush 41C, engagement concave portions 71C having a substantially rectangular cross section viewed from the lower surface 80 are provided on the lower surface 80 side and at a position away from the rear surface 78. According to the brush 41C of the third embodiment, since the cross-sectional shape of the engagement recess 71C is substantially rectangular, the engagement protrusion 66a of the torsion spring 66 can be stably engaged with the engagement recess 71C. The temporary holding state of the brush 41B can be stably maintained.

  Further, similarly to the third embodiment, a tapered surface 99 can be provided between the both side surfaces 79 and the back surface 78 of the base 75 at a portion corresponding to the engaging recess 71C at least in the height direction. Further, here, the position in the height direction in which the engagement recess 71C is provided is described as the lower surface 80 side, but the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, the position in the height direction of the engagement recess 71C is It can also be the upper surface 77 side. In addition, a predetermined tapered surface can be provided around the engaging recess 71C.

[Fifth Embodiment]
A motor 1 according to a fifth embodiment of the present application will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, about the structure which is common in FIGS. 1-11, the same code | symbol is used and the description is abbreviate | omitted. FIG. 12 is a bottom view of the brush 41D of the motor 1 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.

  On both side surfaces 79 of the base portion 75 of the brush 41D, first protrusions extending in the vertical direction are provided on the lower surface 80 side and the back surface 78 side. In addition, on both side surfaces 79 of the base portion 75 of the brush 41D, second ridges extending in the vertical direction are provided at positions spaced from the lower surface 80 side and from the first ridge to the tip portion 74 side. And the engagement recessed part 71D is formed in the space between a 1st protruding item | line and a 2nd protruding item | line. According to the brush 41D of the fourth embodiment, since the engaging recess 71D is formed between the first and second protrusions, the engaging protrusion 66a of the torsion spring 66 is stabilized in the engaging recess 71D. And the temporary holding state of the brush 41D can be stably maintained.

  Further, by providing the positions of the first and second ridges on the distal end portion 74 side, as in the third embodiment, at least in the height direction between the side surfaces 79 and the back surface 78 of the base portion 75. A tapered surface 99 can also be provided at a portion corresponding to the engaging recess 71D. Further, here, the position in the height direction in which the engagement recess 71D is provided is described as the lower surface 80 side, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the position in the height direction of the engagement recess 71D It can also be the upper surface 77 side. In addition, a predetermined tapered surface can be provided around the engaging recess 71D.

[Sixth Embodiment]
A motor 1 according to a sixth embodiment of the present application will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, about the structure common to FIGS. 1-12, the same code | symbol is used and the description is abbreviate | omitted. FIG. 13 is a plan view of the brush holder 42 of the motor 1 according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.

  In the first embodiment, the movement direction of the jig 62 is perpendicular to the plane of the leg portion 45 and is a direction approaching the leg portion 45 (the direction of arrow A). However, in the sixth embodiment, the jig 62A can be moved. The direction is parallel to the plane of the leg 45 and perpendicular to the side surface 79 of the brush 41 (the direction of arrow B). A tapered surface 99A is provided between the side surface 79 and the back surface 78 of the base 75 of the brush 41, and the inclined surface 62b of the jig 62A is brought into contact with the tapered surface 99A. When releasing the temporary holding of the brush 41, if a pressing force is applied to the taper surface 99A of the brush 41 from the inclined surface 62b of the jig 62A in the direction of arrow B, a force P3 in the direction of arrow C is applied to the brush 41. And a direction force P4 acts on the arrow B. The brush 41 is released from the temporary holding state by being pushed in the direction of the arrow C by the force P3 in accordance with the movement of the jig 62A.

  According to the sixth embodiment, since the moving direction of the jig 62A can be the direction of the arrow B, the degree of freedom in designing the jigs 62 and 62A can be further improved in combination with the first embodiment. it can. Furthermore, the moving direction of the jigs 62 and 62A in the present invention is not limited to this, and any direction may be used. For example, the jigs 62 and 62A may be moved in the direction opposite to the arrow B, or may be moved in an oblique direction synthesized by the arrows A and B.

[Seventh Embodiment]
A motor 1 according to a seventh embodiment of the present application will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, about the structure which is common in FIGS. 1-13, the same code | symbol is used and the description is abbreviate | omitted. FIG. 14 is a plan view of a torsion spring 66A of the motor 1 according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.

  In the torsion spring 66 </ b> A, the engaging protrusion 66 a and the locking portion 66 b have substantially the same shape and substantially the same size, and the brush device 40 supports the support pin 47 by inserting the support 66 c into the support pin 47. In addition, the torsion spring 66A may be attached in any direction. In order to achieve such a configuration, the arrangement of the locked portion 65b, the support pin 47, and the engaging recess 71 of the side plate 65 is adjusted, and the shapes and dimensions of the engaging protrusion 66a and the locking portion 66b are adjusted. It has been adjusted.

  According to the motor 1 according to the seventh embodiment, when attaching the torsion spring 66 </ b> A to the support pin 47, it is not necessary to consider the directivity, so that the assembly process can be simplified. In the eighth embodiment to be described later, since the arrangement of the torsion springs 66 with respect to the brush 41 is all in the same direction, the winding direction of the support portion 66c of the torsion spring 66A may be the same. Moreover, since it is not necessary to consider the directionality of the torsion spring 66A at the time of attachment, the assembly process can be further simplified.

[Eighth Embodiment]
A motor 1 according to an eighth embodiment of the present application will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, about the structure which is common in FIGS. 1-14, the same code | symbol is used and the description is abbreviate | omitted. FIG. 15 is an exploded perspective view of the brush device 40A of the motor 1 according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.

  When the motor 1 according to the eighth embodiment is compared with that of the first embodiment, the shape of the brush base 60, the structure of the floating rubber 49A, the attachment structure of the inner surface of the cylindrical portion 36, and the shape of the cover 28 are different. The brush base 60 is formed of a substantially inverted U-shaped flat plate provided with a cutout 60a cut out from the bottom plate 20a side at the center, and the outer peripheral shape thereof is substantially circular, with a pair of seats on the bottom plate 20a side. A portion 60b is provided. The floating rubber 49A covers the entire outer periphery of the brush base 60, has a seat portion 49a on the bottom plate portion 20a side, and has an arcuate portion 49b on the cover 28 side continuously from the seat portion 49a. A pair of engagement grooves 50 are provided on the outer peripheral side of the arcuate portion 49b in parallel with the plate thickness direction of the brush base 60 at positions corresponding to the outside of the pair of brushes. On the other hand, a seating portion is provided on the inner peripheral side of the tubular portion 36 on the bottom plate portion 20 a side, and a pair of engagement protrusions 90 are provided at positions corresponding to the engagement grooves 50. At a position where the seat portion 60b of the brush base 60 abuts against the seat portion 89 via the seat portion 49a of the floating rubber 49A, the engagement protrusion 90 of the tubular portion 36 is inserted into the engagement groove 50 of the floating rubber 49A. In this state, the brush base 60 is positioned and fixed with respect to the cylindrical portion 36.

  The thickness of the arc-shaped portion 49b of the floating rubber 49A in the plate thickness direction of the brush base 60 is set so that the thickness gradually increases from the seat portion 60b side toward the cover 28 side. On the other hand, a portion of the cover 28 corresponding to the brush base 60 is formed in an arc shape in accordance with the shape of the brush base 60, and the floating rubber 49 </ b> A is in a state where the brush base 60 is fixed to the cylindrical portion 36. Of the arc-shaped portion 49b, the portion having a large thickness comes into contact with the inner surface of the cover 28. A portion of the arcuate portion 49b of the floating rubber 49A having a large thickness on the cover 28 side comes into contact with the inner surface of the cover 28, whereby the brush base 60 can be prevented from falling in a direction perpendicular to the plate thickness.

  In the motor 1 according to the eighth embodiment, when the motor body 10 is assembled to the gear housing 20 to which the worm 21 and the worm wheel 22 are attached, and then the brush device 40A is assembled from the state in which the inner cover 23 is attached. The brush 41 needs to be temporarily held at a position where it does not contact the commutator 15. Since the aspect of temporary holding and temporary holding release of the brush 41 is the same as that of the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted. In the motor 1 according to the eighth embodiment, the arrangement of the torsion springs 66 relative to the brushes 41 is all in the same direction (the torsion springs 66 are arranged on the left side of the brushes 41 in FIG. 15). Can be shared, and the same brush holder 42 can be shared.

[Ninth Embodiment]
A motor 1 according to a ninth embodiment of the present application will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, about the structure which is common in FIGS. 1-15, the same code | symbol is used and the description is abbreviate | omitted. FIG. 16 is a schematic view showing the brush arrangement of the motor 1 according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention. The arrangement of the brushes is schematically shown, and the arrangement of the brushes 42, the torsion spring 66, and the like are omitted. The motor 1 is applied as a wiper motor.

  FIG. 16A shows the arrangement of the brush 41 of a wiper motor for one-way rotation with a two-pole motor. The brush base 98 is provided with three brushes: a low speed brush 91a, a common brush 91b, and a high speed brush 92. The low speed brush 91a and the common brush 91b are provided at an interval of a mechanical angle of 180 degrees. Power is supplied to the low-speed brush 91a and the common brush 91b during low-speed rotation, and the high-speed rotation is switched from the low-speed brush 91a to the high-speed brush 92 to supply power to the high-speed brush 92 and the common brush 91b. be able to.

  FIG. 16B shows the arrangement of the brush 41 of a wiper motor for forward and reverse rotation with a two-pole motor. The brush base 98 is provided with two brushes, a first brush 91c and a second brush 91d. The first brush 91c and the second brush 91d are provided at an interval of a mechanical angle of 180 degrees. The forward / reverse rotation can be switched by switching the energization direction to the brush by the control device. Further, the rotational speed can be controlled by controlling the current supplied to the brush by the control device. The control device includes, for example, an H-bridge configured by four FETs, and can switch the energization direction to the brushes 91c and 91d of the motor body 10, and the brush by pulse width modulation (PWM) control. The current supplied to 91c and 91d can be controlled.

  FIG. 16C shows the arrangement of the brush 41 of the wiper motor for one-way rotation having a pressure equalization line with a four-pole motor. The brush base 98 is provided with three brushes: a low speed brush 93a, a common brush 93b, and a high speed brush 94. The low speed brush 93a and the common brush 93b are provided at an interval of a mechanical angle of 90 degrees. Power is supplied to the low-speed brush 93a and the common brush 93b during low-speed rotation, and the high-speed rotation is switched from the low-speed brush 93a to the high-speed brush 94 to supply power to the high-speed brush 94 and common brush 93b. be able to.

  FIG. 16D shows the arrangement of the brushes 41 of a wiper motor for forward / reverse rotation with a 4-pole motor. The brush base 98 is provided with two brushes, a first brush 93c and a second brush 93d. The first brush 93c and the second brush 93d are provided at an interval of a mechanical angle of 90 degrees. The forward / reverse rotation can be switched by switching the energization direction to the brush by the control device. Further, the rotational speed can be controlled by controlling the current supplied to the brush by the control device. The control device includes, for example, an H bridge constituted by four FETs, and can switch the energization direction to the brushes 93c and 93d of the motor body 10, and the brush by pulse width modulation (PWM) control. The current supplied to 93c and 93d can be controlled.

  FIG. 16E shows the arrangement of the brushes 41 of a wiper motor for one-way rotation with no pressure equalization line in a 4-pole motor. The brush base 98 includes six brushes: a first low speed brush 94a, a first common brush 94b, a first high speed brush 95, a second low speed brush 96a, a second common brush 96b, and a second high speed brush 97. Is provided. The first low speed brush 94a and the first common brush 94b are provided at an interval of a mechanical angle of 90 degrees, and the second low speed brush 96a and the second common brush 96b are provided at an interval of a mechanical angle of 90 degrees. Further, the first common brush 94b and the second low speed brush 96a are also provided at an interval of a mechanical angle of 90 degrees, and the second common brush 96b and the first low speed brush 94a are also provided at an interval of a mechanical angle of 90 degrees. Therefore, the first low-speed brush 94a, the first common brush 94b, the second low-speed brush 96a, and the second common brush 96b are provided at intervals of a mechanical angle of 90 degrees. The first low speed brush 94a and the second low speed brush 96a, the first common brush 94b and the second common brush 96b, the first high speed brush 95 and the second high speed brush 97 are connected in parallel. During low-speed rotation, power is supplied to the first low-speed brush 94a and the first common brush 94b, and the second low-speed brush 96a and the second common brush 96b. On the other hand, power is supplied to the first high-speed brush 95 and the first common brush 94b, and the second high-speed brush 97 and the second common brush 96b during high-speed rotation. By such power supply switching of the brush, the rotation speed can be switched in two stages. In FIG. 16E, a pressure equalizing line is not necessary, but a pressure equalizing line may be provided.

  FIG. 16F shows the arrangement of the brushes 41 of a wiper motor for forward / reverse rotation which is a four-pole motor and has no pressure equalizing line. The brush base 98 is provided with four brushes: a first brush 94c, a second brush 94d, a third brush 96c, and a fourth brush 96d. The first brush 94c and the second brush 94d, and the third brush 96c and the fourth brush 96d are provided at intervals of a mechanical angle of 90 degrees. Further, the second brush 94d and the third brush 96c, and the fourth brush 96d and the first brush 94c are also provided at intervals of a mechanical angle of 90 degrees. Accordingly, the first brush 94c, the second brush 94d, the third brush 96c, and the fourth brush 96d are provided at intervals of a mechanical angle of 90 degrees. The first brush 94c and the third brush 96c, and the second brush 94d and the fourth brush 96d are connected in parallel. The forward / reverse rotation can be switched by switching the energization direction to the brush by the control device. Further, the rotational speed can be controlled by controlling the current supplied to the brush by the control device. The control device includes, for example, an H bridge constituted by four FETs, and determines the energization direction to the first brush 94c, the third brush 96c, the second brush 94d, and the fourth brush 96d of the motor body 10. In addition to switching, the current supplied to the first brush 94c and the third brush 96c or the second brush 94d and the fourth brush 96d can be controlled by pulse width modulation (PWM) control. In FIG. 16F, a pressure equalizing line is not necessary, but a pressure equalizing line may be provided.

  Although the first embodiment corresponds to FIG. 16B, the structure of the brush device 40 of the present invention is not limited to FIG. It can be applied to the brush device 40 of the motor main body 10, and the same brush 41 and brush holder 42 can be shared. In general, the width of the slidable contact surface 76 of the brush 41 of the 4-pole motor in the circumferential direction of the commutator 15 needs to be smaller than the width of the slidable contact surface 76 of the brush 41 of the 2-pole motor. 41, the width W1 of the front end where the sliding contact surface 76 is provided is set smaller than the width W2 of the base 75 supported by the brush holder 42. It can be shared. Furthermore, the present invention is not limited to a two-pole motor or a four-pole motor, but can be applied to a multi-pole motor having more poles.

  Further, the brush 41 of the present invention is provided with a pair of engaging recesses 71 on both side surfaces 79 of the base 75. With the structure of the brush 41, the brush 41 can be temporarily held even if the torsion spring 66 is provided on either the left or right side of the brush 41, and the same brush 41 can be shared and the layout of the brush device 40 can be improved. Can be improved.

  Furthermore, the present invention is not limited to FIGS. 16A to 16F, and can be applied to all brushed DC motors. For many types of motors, the brush 41 and the brushes are applicable. The holder can be shared.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Motor 2 ... Wiper arm 3 ... Wiper blade 4 ... Wiper apparatus 10 ... Motor main body 11 ... Stator yoke 11a ... Flange 11b ... Screw 12 ... Rotor 13 ... Permanent magnet 14 ... Armature 15 ... Commutator
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 16 ... Rotating shaft 19 ... Bearing 20 ... Gear housing 20a ... Bottom plate part 21 ... Worm 22 ... Worm wheel 23 ... Inner cover 24 ... Circuit board 25 ... Electronic component 25a ... FET 25b ... Electrolytic capacitor 26 ... Heat sink 27 ... Connection terminal 27a ... Male connector 28 ... Cover 29 ... Fin 30 ... Control device 31 ... Screw hole 32 ... Output shaft 33 ... Reduction mechanism 34 ... Yoke coupling part 35 ... Gear housing body 36 ... Cylindrical part 36a ... Flange 36b ... Opening 40 ... Power feeding Terminal 41 ... Brush 42 ... Brush holder 42a ... Upper wall 42b ... Side wall 42c ... Fixed claw 42d ... Projection 42e ... Lower wall 43 ... Upper surface notch 45 ... Leg part 46 ... Brush side fastening part 47 ... Support pin 48 ... Lower floating rubber 49 ... Upper floating rubber 49A ... Floating rubber 49a ... Seat 4 9b ... Arc-shaped portion 50 ... engaging groove 51 ... boss portion 51a ... boss hole 52 ... holding groove 53 ... first groove wall 54 ... second groove wall 55 ... closing wall 56 ... bottom wall portion 57 ... flange side fastening Part 58 ... boss side fastening part 59 ... screw boss 60 ... brush base 60a ... notch part 60b ... seat part 61 ... pigtail 62 ... jig 62a ... inclined surface 62b ... inclined surface 64 ... side notch 65 ... side plate 65b ... locked part 66 ... Torsion spring 66a ... Engaging convex part 66b ... Locking part 66c ... Supporting part 68 ... Through hole
71, 71A, 71B, 71C, 71D ... engaging recess 72, 73 ... tapered surface 74 ... tip portion 75 ... base portion 76 ... slidable contact surface 77 ... upper surface 78 ... back surface 79 ... side surface 80 lower surface 81, 82, 83 ... tapered surface 87 ... Base length direction continuous surface 87A, 87B ... Base length direction continuous surface 88 ... Base height direction continuous surface 89 ... Seating portion 90 ... Engagement protrusion 99, 99A ... Tapered surface

Claims (17)

A tip portion having a sliding contact surface in sliding contact with the commutator;
A base provided integrally with the tip, and having a width in the circumferential direction of the commutator larger than the tip;
A pigtail provided on the upper surface of the base;
An engaged portion provided on both side surfaces of the base portion and engaged with the biasing means;
In a brush having
The brush, wherein the engaged portion is provided in a part of the base in the height direction.   The brush according to claim 1, wherein the brush is substantially bilaterally symmetrical with respect to a plane perpendicular to the circumferential direction of the commutator.   The width in the commutator circumferential direction at a boundary portion between the tip portion and the base portion gradually decreases from the base portion toward the tip portion. brush.   The brush according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a predetermined first tapered surface is provided between the upper surface and the side surface and / or the back surface.   The brush according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a predetermined second tapered surface is provided between the upper surface and the sliding contact surface.   The brush according to claim 1, wherein the engaged portion is an engaging recess.   The brush according to claim 6, wherein the engagement recess is provided to a height in the middle from the lower surface of the base side surface to the upper surface.   The brush according to claim 7, wherein the engaging recess is provided from the lower surface of the side surface of the base portion to a height that is approximately 2/3 or less of the height of the base portion.   The brush according to claim 6, wherein the engagement recess is provided at a center in a height direction of the base side surface.   The brush according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein a predetermined third taper surface is provided around the engaging recess.   A brush holder for holding the brush according to any one of claims 1 to 10 at the base is provided, and the brush is biased in the commutator direction by the biasing means. Brush device.   On the side wall of the brush holder, a notch having a predetermined length is provided from the base side toward the tip end side, and the arrangement of the notch in the height direction corresponds to the height of the engaging portion of the biasing means. The brush device according to claim 11, wherein:   13. The brush device according to claim 11, wherein in the temporary holding state of the brush, the engaged portion or the engaging recess is engaged by the engaging portion of the urging means. .   The brush device according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein a jig engaging portion with which a jig for releasing the temporary holding state is engaged is provided on the brush.   The brush device according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the biasing means has the same shape even when the vertical direction is reversed.   A motor comprising the brush or the brush device according to any one of claims 1 to 15.   A wiper motor comprising the brush or brush device according to any one of claims 1 to 15.