JP2018037380A - 正極及びリチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
正極及びリチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2018037380A JP2018037380A JP2016172075A JP2016172075A JP2018037380A JP 2018037380 A JP2018037380 A JP 2018037380A JP 2016172075 A JP2016172075 A JP 2016172075A JP 2016172075 A JP2016172075 A JP 2016172075A JP 2018037380 A JP2018037380 A JP 2018037380A
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- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- lithium
- composite oxide
- acid
- active material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 43
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 43
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- -1 phosphate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical group [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910021293 PO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000026731 phosphorylation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006366 phosphorylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 15
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- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 17
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NUIURNJTPRWVAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine Chemical compound C1=C(N)C(C)=CC(C=2C=C(C)C(N)=CC=2)=C1 NUIURNJTPRWVAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910004706 CaSi2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- NTNWKDHZTDQSST-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(N)C(N)=CC=C21 NTNWKDHZTDQSST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
前記リチウムニッケル複合酸化物の平均粒子径が、前記リチウム金属リン酸化合物の平均粒子径よりも小さく、
かつ、
前記リチウムニッケル複合酸化物の体積抵抗が、前記リチウム金属リン酸化合物の体積抵抗よりも大きいことを特徴とする。
前記リチウムニッケル複合酸化物の平均粒子径(以下、DNiと略す場合がある。)が、前記リチウム金属リン酸化合物の平均粒子径(以下、DPと略す場合がある。)よりも小さく、
かつ、
前記リチウムニッケル複合酸化物の体積抵抗(以下、RNiと略す場合がある。)が、前記リチウム金属リン酸化合物の体積抵抗(以下、RPと略す場合がある。)よりも大きいことを特徴とする。
3CaSi2+6HCl → Si6H6+3CaCl2
Si6H6 → 6Si+3H2↑
正極活物質として表1のNo.1のリチウムニッケル複合酸化物を67質量部、正極活物質として表2のNo.1のリチウム金属リン酸化合物を27質量部、導電助剤としてアセチレンブラックを3質量部、結着剤としてポリフッ化ビニリデンを3質量部、及び、適量のN−メチル−2−ピロリドンを混合して、スラリーを製造した。正極用集電体としてアルミニウム箔を準備した。アルミニウム箔の表面に、ドクターブレードを用いて上記スラリーを膜状に塗布した。スラリーが塗布されたアルミニウム箔を乾燥することで、N−メチル−2−ピロリドンを除去した。その後、当該アルミニウム箔をプレスし接合物を得た。得られた接合物を乾燥機で加熱乾燥して、正極活物質層が形成されたアルミニウム箔からなる実施例1の正極を製造した。なお、正極活物質層の体積、各材料の真密度、及び各材料の配合比から算出した計算上の空隙率は27%であった。
正極活物質として表1のNo.2のリチウムニッケル複合酸化物を67質量部、正極活物質として表2のNo.1のリチウム金属リン酸化合物を27質量部を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、実施例2の正極及びリチウムイオン二次電池を製造した。
正極活物質として表1のNo.3のリチウムニッケル複合酸化物を67質量部、正極活物質として表2のNo.2のリチウム金属リン酸化合物を27質量部を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、実施例3の正極及びリチウムイオン二次電池を製造した。
正極活物質として表1のNo.1のリチウムニッケル複合酸化物を67質量部、正極活物質として表2のNo.3のリチウム金属リン酸化合物を27質量部を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、比較例1の正極及びリチウムイオン二次電池を製造した。
正極活物質として表1のNo.3のリチウムニッケル複合酸化物を67質量部、正極活物質として表2のNo.4のリチウム金属リン酸化合物を27質量部を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、比較例2の正極及びリチウムイオン二次電池を製造した。
正極活物質として表1のNo.3のリチウムニッケル複合酸化物を67質量部、正極活物質として表2のNo.5のリチウム金属リン酸化合物を27質量部を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で、比較例3の正極及びリチウムイオン二次電池を製造した。
実施例1〜実施例3、比較例1〜比較例3のリチウムイオン二次電池につき、以下の方法で強制短絡試験としての釘刺し試験を行った。
電圧3.6Vに調整した実施例1〜実施例3、比較例1〜比較例3の各リチウムイオン二次電池につき、25℃、1Cレートの定電流にて、10秒間放電させた。放電前後の電圧変化量及び電流値から、オームの法則により、放電時の直流抵抗を算出した。結果を表4に示す。
Claims (6)
- 層状岩塩構造のLiaNibCocMndDeOf(0.2≦a≦2、0.5≦b、0≦c<0.5、0≦d<0.5、b+c+d+e=1、0≦e<0.5、DはW、Mo、Re、Pd、Ba、Cr、B、Sb、Sr、Pb、Ga、Al、Nb、Mg、Ta、Ti、La、Zr、Cu、Ca、Ir、Hf、Rh、Fe、Ge、Zn、Ru、Sc、Sn、In、Y、Bi、S、Si、Na、K、P、Vから選ばれる少なくとも1の元素、1.7≦f≦3)で表されるリチウムニッケル複合酸化物と、オリビン構造のLiMhPO4(MはMn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Mg、Zn、V、Ca、Sr、Ba、Ti、Al、Si、B、Te、Moから選ばれる少なくとも1の元素、0<h<2)を炭素で被覆したリチウム金属リン酸化合物とを含む正極活物質層を具備する正極であって、
前記リチウムニッケル複合酸化物の平均粒子径が、前記リチウム金属リン酸化合物の平均粒子径よりも小さく、
かつ、
前記リチウムニッケル複合酸化物の体積抵抗が、前記リチウム金属リン酸化合物の体積抵抗よりも大きいことを特徴とする正極。 - 前記LiMhPO4が、LiMnxFeyPO4(x+y=1、0<x<1、0<y<1)で表される請求項1に記載の正極。
- 前記リチウムニッケル複合酸化物の平均粒子径が3〜12μmの範囲内であり、前記リチウム金属リン酸化合物の平均粒子径が12〜21μmの範囲内である請求項1又は2に記載の正極。
- 前記リチウムニッケル複合酸化物の体積抵抗が100〜500Ω・cmの範囲内であり、前記リチウム金属リン酸化合物の体積抵抗が5〜50Ω・cmの範囲内である請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の正極。
- 前記リチウムニッケル複合酸化物と前記リチウム金属リン酸化合物との質量比が、65:35〜85:15の範囲内である請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の正極。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の正極と、Si含有負極活物質を具備する負極とを備えるリチウムイオン二次電池。
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