JP2018099068A - Hydroponic cultivation apparatus and hydroponic cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hydroponic cultivation apparatus and a hydroponic cultivation method capable of cultivating a plant to be cultivated with high quality and more stable by improving the efficiency of planting work and harvesting work of seedlings. SOLUTION: A plate 40 having ridges 41 and dents 42 arranged alternately in parallel, and a planting panel plate 1 having a large number of planting holes 10 placed on the plate 40 are provided. A solid medium 20 is arranged in the planting hole 10, and the lower end portion of the solid medium 20 is a hydroponic cultivation device placed on the concave portion 42 of the plate 40, and the inner surface of the planting hole 10 and the solid medium. A nutrient having a ventilation space communicating with the side surface of the planting panel plate 1 above and below the planting panel plate 1, and the plate 40 having a gradient so that the nutrient solution flows along the recess 42. Liquid cultivation equipment. [Selection diagram] FIG. 10

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation apparatus and a cultivation method for hydroponic cultivation of plants such as leaf vegetables, and more particularly to a hydroponic cultivation apparatus and a hydroponic cultivation method that enable efficient planting and harvesting operations in a cultivation apparatus.

  Conventionally, as a hydroponics method, for example, a cultivation method such as a liquid culture (DFT method) or a culture solution thin film method (NFT method) has been performed. In these hydroponic cultivation methods, in order to perform cultivation efficiently, many methods are used in which a plant grown to a seedling state is transplanted together with a solid medium in a panel having a large number of planting holes and cultivated.

  For example, Patent Literature 1 (Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 7-5346) discloses a cultivation method for cultivating a plant by providing a large number of holes for fitting the entire plant support to a water floating panel and fitting a solid medium. Has been.

  However, since the method of Patent Document 1 requires that the plant to be planted be completely fitted and fixed together with the solid medium, the air permeability around the solid medium deteriorates, the environment in the solid medium deteriorates, and algae are generated. Or roots rot. In addition, since the solid medium is fitted into the holes of each panel, there is a problem that workability is poor.

  Further, in Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-205700), a fixed planting panel plate having a large number of planting holes is placed on a cultivation bed tank, and a solid medium is dropped into the cultivation bed from the planting holes. A hydroponic thin film method is disclosed.

  According to Patent Document 2, the planting work is relatively easy, and ventilation around the solid medium is ensured. Therefore, the environment in the solid medium is preferable. However, in this method, since the fixed planting panel is placed on the cultivation bed tank and then the solid culture medium is planted, it is necessary to perform the planting work in a place where each cultivation bed tank is installed. . Such a cultivation method has no problem as work in a small-scale cultivation area, but when cultivating in a large-scale cultivation area, the movement distance of the operator becomes long, the work becomes long and the efficiency is inferior. There's a problem.

  In addition, since the nutrient solution is cultivated by flowing between the convex portions on the bottom of the cultivation bed tank from upstream to downstream, it is necessary to install the cultivation bed tank with a high degree of accuracy, which takes time and effort. In some cases, the slope of the cultivation bed tank may be shifted due to ground subsidence during the cultivation, and it is difficult to correct the displacement.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 7-5346 JP-A-8-205700

  The present invention improves the efficiency of planting and harvesting operations for young seedlings, enables high-quality and more stable cultivation of plants to be cultivated, and further facilitates the installation of hydroponics equipment An object of the present invention is to provide a hydroponic cultivation apparatus and a hydroponic cultivation method.

  As a result of intensive studies in view of the above problems, the present inventors used a planted panel plate having an aeration space that communicates the upper and lower sides of the planted panel plate between the inner surface of the planting hole and the side surface of the solid medium, and in parallel. It has been found that the above-mentioned problem can be solved by placing the fixed planting panel on a plate having a plurality of ridges and ridges arranged alternately, and the present invention has been completed.

  The gist of the present invention is as follows.

[1] A plate having ridges and ridges arranged alternately and in parallel, and a fixed planting panel plate placed on the plate and having a large number of planting holes, and a solid medium is placed in the planting holes It is a nourishing liquid cultivation apparatus that is disposed and the lower end of the solid medium is placed on the concave strip of the plate, and the upper and lower sides of the fixed planting panel plate are placed between the inner surface of the planting hole and the side surface of the solid medium. A hydroponic cultivation apparatus, comprising an aeration space communicating with the plate, wherein the plate has a gradient so that the nutrient solution flows along the recess.

[2] The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to [1], wherein the fixed planting panel is placed in contact with the ridges of the plate.

[3] The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to [1] or [2], wherein the plate is a synthetic resin plate having a tensile elastic modulus of 200 to 3000 MPa.

[4] The plate according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the plate is a corrugated plate having a corrugated cross section in a direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the convex and concave strips. Hydroponic cultivation equipment.

[5] The corrugated plate has a rectangular shape that is long in the extending direction of the convex and concave strips, a plurality of corrugated plates are juxtaposed in the lateral width direction, and the adjacent corrugated plates are long side edges. The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to [4], wherein the ridges and the ridges are arranged to overlap each other.

[6] In the corrugated plate on the end side in the parallel direction, one long side overlaps with the long side of the adjacent corrugated plate, and the other long side is bent upward. The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to [5], wherein a side wall is formed.

[7] The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to [5] or [6], wherein the plurality of corrugated plates are arranged with their longitudinal ends overlapped.

[8] The solid medium includes an overhanging portion that protrudes laterally from the top, and the solid medium is supported by the engagement of the overhanging portion from above with the inner surface of the planting hole. Any one of [1] to [7], wherein a stop is provided, and when the lower end of the solid medium comes into contact with the plate, the overhanging part separates upward from the locking part. The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to crab.

[9] A hydroponic cultivation method for cultivating leafy vegetables using the hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to any one of [1] to [8].

[10] After placing the solid medium in the planting hole of the fixed plant panel, the fixed panel is placed on the plate, and the lower end of each solid medium is brought into contact with the concave stripe. The hydroponics method according to [9].

[11] The nutrition according to [9] or [10], wherein a hydrophilic sheet is not disposed on the plate, and a lower end portion of the solid medium is directly brought into contact with a groove of the plate. Liquid cultivation method.

  In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus and the cultivation method of the present invention, the planting panel board is installed by placing the planting panel board on a plate having a plurality of ridges and ridges alternately arranged in parallel. Construction can be simplified, and construction can be easily performed even when the ground is uneven. Furthermore, the nutrient solution which flows through the upper surface of a plate does not leak to a lower surface only by mounting the convex strips and concaves of an adjacent plate on top of each other. For this reason, it is not necessary to lay a waterproof sheet which was necessary when connecting and installing a conventional cultivation bed tank. As a result, the work efficiency can be improved, and further, the plant to be cultivated can be of high quality or more stably cultivated.

  In one aspect of the present invention, when a fixed planting panel is placed on a plate having a plurality of ridges and ridges alternately arranged in parallel, the solid medium comes into contact with the ridges of the plate, and the side surface of the solid medium A sufficient ventilation space is formed between the planting hole and the inner surface of the planting hole. Thereby, air is fully supplied and the environment in a solid culture medium becomes favorable.

  Moreover, by setting it as this structure, it can suppress that the nutrient solution to a solid culture medium becomes insufficient supply, without using the hydrophilic sheet | seat often used with the conventional NFT cultivation method. Thereby, since it can also be set as the cultivation apparatus which does not use a hydrophilic sheet | seat and a waterproof sheet | seat, the work burdens, such as cleaning and sterilization after harvesting, can also be reduced.

  However, in the present invention, a hydrophilic sheet may be disposed on the upper surface of the plate.

It is a perspective view of the corrugated sheet plate and the fixed planting panel board of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus which concerns on embodiment. It is the II-II sectional view taken on the line of FIG. It is an end elevation which shows the overlap of the long sides of a corrugated plate. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the side part of a corrugated plate. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the overlap of the edge parts of the longitudinal direction of a corrugated plate. It is a top view of a fixed planting panel board. It is the VII-VII sectional view taken on the line of FIG. (A) is a perspective view which shows the engagement relation of a solid culture medium and a planting hole, (b) is BB sectional drawing of (a). It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the planting hole which has arrange | positioned the solid culture medium. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a part of a fixed planting panel plate and a corrugated plate in the middle of cultivation. It is sectional drawing which shows another example of a fixed planting panel board. (A) is sectional drawing which shows another example of a fixed planting panel board, (b) is the BB sectional view taken on the line of (a). It is a top view explaining a hydroponic cultivation apparatus.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments as long as the effects of the present invention are achieved.

  The planting panel board used for the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of this invention has many planting holes penetrated from the upper surface to the lower surface of the planting panel board.

  The planting hole of the planting panel is not particularly limited, but the horizontal cross section of the planting hole is circular, and the horizontal cross-sectional area of the planting hole is larger on the top side of the planting panel than on the bottom side of the planting panel The shape is preferred. Moreover, it is preferable that the solid culture medium has the overhang | projection part which protrudes from the upper side surface to the side. The shape of the projecting portion in plan view is not particularly limited, but is preferably a square, for example, a polygon. This overhanging portion is structured to be locked by a locking portion on the inner surface of the planting hole.

  Especially, it is preferable to set it as the structure which provides a latching | locking part in a cylindrical inner surface as a structure which can arrange | equalize the latching position of the solid culture medium installed in a planting hole uniformly.

  The locking portion of the planting hole may have a structure in which the inner diameter gradually decreases from the upper surface side to the bottom surface side of the planting panel board, and the upper surface side of the planting panel board has a cylindrical shape with an equal diameter, The lower side may be tapered to reduce the inner diameter. Also, the upper surface side of the fixed planting panel is a large-diameter cylindrical shape with a large inner diameter, the lower side is a small-diameter cylindrical portion with a small inner diameter, and a step is provided on the inner surface of the planting hole at the boundary between the two, The structure used as a latching part may be sufficient. Moreover, the shape which combined these may be sufficient.

  If the upper side of the planting hole locking portion is cylindrical, the solid medium is prevented from tilting when the solid medium is inserted into the planting hole.

  It is preferable that the locking portion has a tapered shape that is inclined so that the diameter of the planting hole is reduced toward the bottom surface side of the planting panel. By making the locking portion have such a tapered shape, it is possible to prevent water and dirt from accumulating in the locking portion, and to suppress the propagation of fungi.

  Moreover, when the latching | locking part is made into a taper shape, the intensity | strength of the planting panel board in the vicinity of the lower edge of a planting hole will become high if a lower side is made into a cylindrical shape rather than a latching part.

  In this invention, when the fixed planting panel board which arranged the solid culture medium in the planting hole is mounted on the plate, the solid culture medium abuts on the concave strip of the plate, and the protruding part of the solid culture medium separates upward from the locking part. A structure is preferable. In this state, the clearance between the inner diameter of the large-diameter cylindrical portion above the locking portion and the overhang portion of the solid medium is preferably 2 to 10 mm, and more preferably 3 to 8 mm.

  The clearance between the inner diameter of the small-diameter cylindrical portion of the planting hole and the lower portion of the solid medium overhang is preferably 5 mm or less, more preferably 0.1 to 3 mm.

  By setting the shape of the planting hole of the planting panel board to the above shape, when installing the solid medium in this planting hole, the solid medium can be inserted without resistance from the upper surface side of the planting hole of the planting panel board, and The solid medium inserted into the planting hole is locked in the middle of the planting hole without falling from the planting hole. In addition, this makes it possible to move the planting panel board while the solid medium is inserted into the planting panel board.

  The solid medium used in the present invention preferably has an overhanging portion that protrudes laterally at the upper part of the side of the solid medium. The plan view shape of the upper part of the solid medium (plan view shape of the outer edge of the overhang portion) is preferably non-circular, particularly preferably a square shape, for example, a polygonal shape, specifically, a triangle or more and an octagon or less. It is preferable that it is not less than a triangle and not more than a hexagon. By setting the shape of the overhang portion in plan view as described above, when the solid medium is inserted into the planting hole of the fixed planting panel, the solid medium is easily locked to the locking portion on the inner surface of the planting hole and locked. In the state, a space is formed between the inner surface of the planting hole and the overhanging portion of the solid medium, and the air permeability between the upper surface side and the lower surface side of the fixed planting panel is improved. As a result, the environment in the solid medium is deteriorated and algae is generated and roots are rotted.

  The material of the overhanging portion is not particularly limited, and may be the same material as the solid medium, and may be a different material, for example, a plastic or the like, formed in a film shape, or as a rib portion formed by injection molding or the like Also good. In consideration of cost, disposal work after cutting, etc., it is preferable to use the same material as the solid medium, and it is particularly preferable that the same material is provided integrally with the solid medium.

  The horizontal cross-sectional shape other than the overhanging portion of the solid medium is not particularly limited, and may be a columnar shape or a square shape like the overhanging portion. From the viewpoint of securing an airway between the planting hole of the fixed planting panel and the solid medium, it is preferable that the horizontal cross-sectional shape is also a rectangular shape below the protruding portion of the solid medium.

  The material of the solid medium is not particularly limited, and may be a material used for a generally available solid medium. For example, rock wool, peat moss, vermiculite, perlite, sand, rubble, coconut shells, foamed resins such as sponge and urethane can be used alone, and a mixture of these materials can be used.

  In the conventional hydroponic cultivation apparatus, the planting operation is performed only in a place where the planting panel board is placed in the cultivation bed tank and then the solid culture medium is planted on the planting panel board in the place where the cultivation bed tank is installed. I couldn't. Moreover, although the design of the width | variety of a fixed planting panel board was forced to be restrict | limited to the range (about 60-70 cm) which a human hand reaches, by making the above-mentioned structure, the cultivation bed tank has installed. It is also possible to place the solid medium in the planting hole of the planting panel board at a place different from a certain place and move the whole planting panel board on which the solid medium is set. Moreover, the design restriction of the width | variety of a fixed planting panel board can also be eased, and the panel occupation rate in a farm can be improved. According to the apparatus for hydroponics of the present invention, it is also easy to automate the planting work for cultivation.

  In this invention, the fixed planting panel board is mounted on the plate which has the some protruding item | line and concave line | wire which were alternately arranged in parallel. In this case, the solid medium is placed on the groove of the plate, and the plate is preferably provided with a gradient so that the nutrient solution flows along the groove.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that the fixed planting panel is placed in contact with the ridges of the plate. In the structure of the conventional cultivation bed tank, in order to support a fixed planting panel board, the support part by which a fixed planting panel board | substrate is loaded from upper direction was needed in the vicinity of the both ends of the fixed planting panel, or center part. When such a support part is provided, since the solid medium cannot be arranged and cultivated in the support part, a loss of cultivation area has occurred. On the other hand, when the fixed planting panel is configured to be supported by the plurality of ridges of the plate, there is no need for a support part on which the fixed planting panel is loaded from above, and the cultivation area loss can be suppressed.

  The planting panel board used in the present invention is preferably an antibacterial planting panel board having antibacterial performance. By using a planted panel having antibacterial performance, it is possible to suppress the growth of fungi and algae during cultivation. Furthermore, since the propagation of algae and the invasion of plant roots into the planted panel board are suppressed, the working time for washing the planted panel board after the harvesting operation can be shortened.

  The antibacterial agent used for the antibacterial planting panel is not particularly limited, and various antibacterial agents can be used. Examples of those that can be preferably used include silver antibacterial agents and photocatalytic antibacterial agents.

  The plate used in the present invention is preferably made of synthetic resin. The synthetic resin plate does not generate rust, is easy to maintain, and is lightweight. The tensile modulus of the synthetic resin plate is preferably 200 to 3000 MPa, more preferably 300 to 2600 MPa, and particularly preferably 400 to 2300 MPa. By setting the tensile elastic modulus of the synthetic resin plate to 200 MPa or more, deformation of the synthetic resin plate when the fixed planting panel is placed is suppressed. Thereby, the flow of the nutrient solution which flows through the concave streak is stabilized.

  The synthetic resin of the synthetic resin plate is not particularly limited, and various synthetic resins can be used. For example, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polyethylene naphthalate, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, ionomer, acrylic ester, methacrylic ester and the like can be used. Of these, polyvinyl chloride resins and polycarbonate resins can be preferably used.

  The synthetic resin plate may be reinforced with reinforcing fibers such as glass fibers. Alternatively, a synthetic resin laminated plate having a laminated structure in which a glass net, a steel plate, or the like is laminated on a synthetic resin plate can be used.

  In the present invention, the surface roughness (Ra) of the plate is preferably 0.1 μm or more, more preferably 1 μm or more, and further preferably 2 μm or more. The surface roughness (Ra) value is preferably 100 μm or less, more preferably 70 μm or less, and even more preferably 50 μm or less. By setting the value of the surface roughness (Ra) of the plate to 0.1 μm or more, the hydrophilicity of the surface of the plate is improved. Thereby, the nutrient solution supply to the root of the plant can be made better, and the growth state of the plant can be made better.

  The “surface roughness (Ra)” in the present invention refers to “arithmetic average roughness Ra” defined in JIS B0601 (2001).

  A plate having a surface roughness in the above range can be produced, for example, by continuously extruding after adjusting the resin composition so that the surface roughness is a numerical value set appropriately. It can also be produced by subjecting the surface of the plate to a surface roughening process such as sandpaper scraping or sandblasting.

  The plate is preferably a corrugated plate having a corrugated shape (for example, a sine curve shape) in a cross section perpendicular to the extending direction of the convex and concave strips. Since the corrugated plate has a concave curved surface in which the nutrient solution flows, the nutrient solution can flow more stably.

  When the width of the cultivation bed is wide, it is preferable to install a plurality of corrugated plates in parallel with the long sides of the adjacent corrugated plates overlapped. About 1.5-5 ridges along the long side of one adjacent corrugated plate are engaged with about 1.5-5 ridges along the long side of the other corrugated plate This prevents the nutrient solution from leaking from the seam of the plates along the long side of the corrugated plates. Thereby, it becomes possible to eliminate the need for a waterproof sheet that has been conventionally used for preventing water leakage.

  The wave pitch of the corrugated plate (that is, the distance from the top of the ridge to the top of the adjacent ridge) is determined by the diameter of the solid medium used. If the wave pitch is smaller than the diameter of the solid medium, the solid medium will not enter the recess. The outer diameter of the solid medium (diameter in the case of a circle, diagonal length in the case of a square, and long diameter in the case of an ellipse) is preferably about 10 to 50%, particularly about 20 to 40% of the wave pitch of the corrugated plate.

  The depth of the nutrient solution flowing through the groove on the upper surface of the plate is about 10 to 50%, particularly about 20 to 45% of the depth of the groove (the difference in height between the top of the protrusion and the bottom of the groove). preferable.

  The nutrient solution cultivating apparatus of the present invention may include temperature adjusting means for holding the nutrient solution to be supplied within a preset temperature range and nutrient solution concentration adjusting means.

  It is preferable to maintain the temperature of the circulating nutrient solution within a preset range throughout the year by this temperature adjusting means. The temperature adjusting means includes a temperature sensor that detects the temperature in the nutrient solution tank, a heat exchanger that is disposed in the nutrient solution tank and exchanges heat with the nutrient solution, and a heat medium that supplies the heat medium to the heat exchanger A supply line (temperature adjustment line) and a control valve that is interposed in the heat medium supply line and controls the supply amount of the heat medium to the heat exchanger by a detection signal from the temperature sensor can be used.

  The concentration adjusting means includes a plurality of nutrient solution stock tanks for storing nutrient solutions of different types and concentrations, a transfer line for feeding the nutrient solution stock solution in each stock solution tank to the nutrient solution tank by a pump, It is preferably composed of a three-way switching valve (open / close valve) or the like interposed in these transfer lines and capable of adjusting the concentration of the circulating nutrient solution.

  A structure defined in the present invention, that is, a plurality of planted panel plates that are alternately arranged in parallel, using a planted panel plate that secures a ventilation space that communicates the upper and lower sides of the planted panel plate between the inner surface of the planting hole and the side surface of the solid medium. According to the hydroponic cultivation apparatus having a structure in which the planted panel is placed on a plate having a plurality of ridges and ridges, an underwater root that grows in water, and a moist root that has a large number of root hairs maintained in moisture It is possible to generate roots with two different forms and functions. Underwater roots mainly absorb fertilizer and water in the nutrient solution, and wet roots mainly absorb oxygen directly from the moisture. In particular, by securing a ventilation space between the inner surface of the planting hole and the side of the solid culture medium that communicates the upper and lower sides of the planting panel board, in the space surrounded by the projecting strips and recesses of the plate and the planting panel board, It becomes possible to take in more air from the ventilation space, and the absorption efficiency of oxygen from moisture can be improved.

  According to the nutrient solution cultivation apparatus and the cultivation method of the present invention, the plant can absorb oxygen without relying only on dissolved oxygen in the nutrient solution, and the root of the plant even in cultivation in a high temperature period where dissolved oxygen tends to be insufficient. Will not fall into oxygen deficiency.

  The suitable structure of this planting panel board, a solid culture medium, and a corrugated sheet plate is demonstrated with reference to FIGS.

  As shown in FIG. 6, a large number (45 in FIG. 6) of planting holes 10 are drilled in the fixed planting panel 1 molded with lightweight polystyrene foam or the like. Although the magnitude | size of the planting panel board 1 is suitably set with the structure of the plant to grow, and the structure of an optimal bench, when it shows an example, they are width 1140mm, depth 600mm, and thickness 35mm. The interval between the planting holes 10 is determined as an appropriate interval for crop cultivation.

  The solid culture medium 20 is inserted into the planting hole 10 of the planting panel board 1, and the planting panel board 1 holding the solid culture medium 20 is attached to the corrugated plate 40 on the base 51 (FIGS. 2, 9, and 10) of the cultivation apparatus. Arranged on the top surface.

  FIG. 8 shows the solid medium 20, and FIGS. 6, 7, and 9 show the details of the structure of the planting panel board 1 and its planting hole 10. 6 is a plan view of the planting panel 1, FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line VII-VII in FIG. 6, and FIG. 8A is a perspective view of the solid medium 20 in a state of being engaged with the planting hole 10, 8B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 8A, and FIG. 9 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the engagement relationship among the planting hole 10, the solid culture medium 20, and the corrugated plate 40.

  The planting hole 10 has a large-diameter cylindrical portion 11 at the top, a tapered portion 12 whose lower side is smaller in diameter than the large-diameter cylindrical portion 11, and the lower side is a small-diameter cylindrical portion 14. It has become. The inner peripheral surface of the upper edge of the large diameter cylindrical portion 11 is a chamfered portion 13. The length of the large-diameter cylindrical portion 11 in the axial center line direction is preferably about 50 to 90%, particularly about 60 to 80% of the thickness of the planting panel 1. The diameter of the lower end of the tapered portion 12 is preferably about 55 to 90%, particularly about 65 to 85% of the diameter of the large diameter cylindrical portion 11.

  The small-diameter cylindrical portion 14 on the lower side of the tapered portion 12 continues to the lower end of the tapered portion 12 and reaches the lower end of the fixed planting panel 1. The diameter of the small diameter cylindrical portion 14 is equal to the diameter of the lower end of the tapered portion 12. When the small diameter cylindrical portion 14 is provided in this way, the strength near the lower edge of the planting hole 10A is increased. For this reason, even when the weight of the solid medium 20 is large, the solid medium 20 can be firmly held.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the solid culture medium 20 disposed in the planting hole 10 has a rectangular parallelepiped main body 21 and an overhanging portion 22 projecting laterally from the upper side surface of the main body 21. In this embodiment, a seeding hole 23 for seeding and growing seedlings is provided on the upper surface of the solid medium 20.

  As this solid culture medium 20, what cut | disconnected the rock wool culture medium marketed from Nittobo Co., Ltd. as a brand name taco block etc. can be used suitably, However It is not limited to this.

  The horizontal cross-sectional shape of the solid medium main body 21 is preferably a square, but may be a rectangle close to a square.

  The diagonal length of the bottom surface of the solid culture medium main body 21 is smaller than the inner diameter of the small-diameter cylindrical portion 14 of the planting hole 10, and the difference between the inner diameter and the diagonal length is preferably 8 mm or less, particularly about 0 to 4 mm.

  The shape of the solid medium 20 in plan view, that is, the shape when the outer peripheral edge of the overhang portion 22 is viewed from above is preferably a square, but may be a rectangle close to a square.

  The overhanging length t that the overhanging portion 22 overhangs from the side surface of the solid medium main body portion 21 is preferably about 1 to 10 mm, particularly about 2 to 5 mm. The diagonal length W of the upper surface of the solid medium 20, that is, the upper surface of the overhanging portion 22 is 2 to 25 mm, particularly 4 to 15 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the large-diameter cylindrical portion 11 of the planting hole 10, and the lower end inner diameter of the tapered portion 12. It is preferably 1 to 15 mm, particularly 2 to 10 mm larger.

  As an example of the dimensions of the solid medium 20, the diagonal length (W) of 32 mm on the upper surface of the overhang portion 22, the diagonal length of 28 mm on the bottom surface of the solid medium main body portion 21, and the overhang length (t) of the overhang portion 22. 4 mm, the height (h) of the overhang portion 22 is 8 mm, and the height (H) of the solid medium 20 is 28 mm. An example of the dimensions of the planting hole 10 that receives the solid medium 20 is a fixed planting panel thickness of 35 mm, a large-diameter cylindrical portion 11 height (including the chamfered portion 13) of 27 mm, a tapered portion 12 height of 5 mm, large. The diameter of the diameter cylindrical portion 11 is 38 mm, the diameter of the lower end of the tapered portion 12 is 28.5 mm, the diameter of the small diameter cylindrical portion 14 is 28.5 mm, and the height of the small diameter cylindrical portion 14 is 3 mm.

  When this solid culture medium 20 is inserted into the planting hole 10 from the solid culture medium main body 21 side, the overhanging portion 22 engages in the middle of the tapered portion 12 as shown in FIG. The lower part protrudes downward from the lower surface of the planting panel 1.

  Since the planting hole 10 is a large-diameter cylindrical portion 11 having a straight cylindrical shape at the top, the solid medium 20 is prevented from being tilted when the solid medium 20 is inserted into the planting hole 10, and the planting hole 10 is smoothly illustrated in FIG. ) State. The same applies to a planting hole 10A described later.

  Thus, since the solid culture medium 20 is locked without passing through the planting hole 10, the fixed planting panel board 1 can be transported in a state where the solid culture medium 20 is disposed in each planting hole 10, respectively. Therefore, the operation | work which inserts the solid culture medium 20 in the planting hole 10 of the fixed planting panel board 1 can be performed in a place different from the installation location of the base 51 of a cultivation apparatus. Moreover, after a plant grows, the planting panel board 1 provided with the solid culture medium 20 can be removed from the corrugated plate 40 on the base 51 and transported to another place, and the solid culture medium 20 can be taken out from the planting panel board 1. .

  As clearly shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the corrugated plate 40 has ridges 41 and ridges 42 alternately arranged in parallel. The corrugated plate 40 has a rectangular shape in plan view, and the ridges 41 and the ridges 42 extend in the longitudinal direction of the rectangle. The cross-sectional shape of the corrugated plate 40 in the short direction (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as the width direction) is a sine curve shape. The pitch of the ridges 41 (or the pitch of the ridges 42), that is, the distance between the tops of the adjacent ridges 41, 41 (or the distance between the bottoms of the ridges 42, 42) is the planting hole in the planting panel 1 This corresponds to the distance P between the 10 columns (FIG. 2).

  When a plurality of corrugated plates 40 are arranged in parallel in the width direction, the long sides of the corrugated plates 40 are overlapped as shown in FIG. Specifically, the right long side of the corrugated plate 40 located on the left side is overlapped with the left long side of the corrugated plate 40 located on the right side, and the protrusions 41 and the recesses 42 are engaged with each other. Combine. When the 1.5 to 4 ridges 41 and the ridges 42 are engaged with each other, water leakage from the long side portion where the corrugated plates 40 and 40 are overlapped does not occur.

  Of the plurality of corrugated plates 40 arranged in parallel, the left long side of the left end corrugated plate 40 and the right long side of the right end corrugated plate 40 are the same as those of other corrugated plates. It is a free long side that does not overlap the long side. In this embodiment, the free-length side is bent upward as shown in FIG. 4 (a), (b) or (c) to form the side wall 43. By providing the side wall 43, the nutrient solution flowing through the concave strip 42 of the corrugated plate 40 is prevented from overflowing to the side. The corrugated plate 40 is disposed on the base 51 so as to have a running water gradient in the longitudinal direction.

  An example of the length of the corrugated plate 40 in the longitudinal direction is about 1.8 to 6 m. By connecting a plurality of corrugated plates 40 in the longitudinal direction, a continuous body of corrugated plates 40 can be obtained. To add the corrugated plates 40 in the longitudinal direction, the upstream end of the downstream corrugated plate 40 and the downstream end of the upstream corrugated plate 40 are overlapped as shown in FIG. The 40 ridges 41 and the ridges 42 are engaged with each other. When the overlapping length F of the corrugated plates 40, 40 is about 100 to 400 mm, water leakage from the overlapping portion of the corrugated plates 40, 40 connected in the longitudinal direction is prevented.

  A plurality of corrugated plates 40 are arranged on the base 51 of the cultivation bed so that the side portions are overlapped so as to be added in the horizontal direction (width direction) and the vertical direction (longitudinal direction). The base 51 is made of a molded product such as polystyrene foam. The upper surface of the base 51 preferably has a gradient of about 1/50 to 1/200. The corrugated plate 40 is disposed such that the longitudinal direction is the gradient direction. Thereby, the concave strip 42 of the corrugated plate 40 has a flowing water gradient.

  Preferably, a plurality of corrugated plates 40 are installed on the base 51 such that the sides in the longitudinal direction and the lateral direction are overlapped as shown in FIGS. The corrugated plates 40 on both sides in the lateral width direction are arranged with side walls 43 on one long side as shown in FIGS.

  As described above, the fixed planting panel 1 holding the solid medium 20 in the planting hole 10 is placed on the corrugated plate 40 disposed on the base 51 as shown in FIG. The planting panel 1 abuts on the ridges 41 of the corrugated plate 40. All the planting holes 10 are located above the recesses 42.

  The bottom surface of the planting panel 1 is positioned higher than the top surface of the base 51 by a distance E (FIG. 9B) between the top and bottom surfaces of the corrugated plate 40. When the thickness of the corrugated plate 40 is e, the depth of the concave strip 42 is represented by (E-e).

  As shown in FIG. 9, when the planting panel 1 in a state where the overhanging portion 22 of the solid medium 20 is engaged with the tapered portion 12 (FIG. 9A) is placed on the corrugated plate 40, FIG. As shown in b), the corner edge of the bottom surface of the solid medium 20 abuts on the slope portion of the concave strip 42 of the corrugated plate 40 (the middle part between the bottom and topmost portions of the corrugated plate 40), and the solid medium 20 is upward. The overhanging portion 22 is separated from the tapered portion 12 by being pushed up.

  In this state, the nutrient solution is supplied to the most upstream corrugated plate 40 to flow down to the most downstream corrugated plate 40. The nutrient solution is flowed so as to be about 10 to 45% of the depth (Ee) of the recess 42, and a moisture space is formed between the bottom surface of the planting panel 1 and the level of the nutrient solution L. Like that. Since a sufficiently large aeration space (gap) is formed between the inner surface of the planting hole 10 and the side surface of the solid culture medium 20 as shown in FIG. 9B, sufficient air (oxygen) is also formed in the lower part of the solid culture medium 20. ) Is supplied.

  In the solid medium 20, the bottom edge of the solid medium 20 abuts against the inclined surface of the concave stripe 42, so that a space is generated between the bottom surface of the solid medium 20 and the bottom bottom of the concave stripe 42, and the nutrient solution L flows down the space. To do. As for immersion depth d with respect to the nutrient solution L of the lower end part of the solid culture medium 20, about 0.5-4 mm is preferable. Thereby, sufficient quantity of nutrient solution and air (oxygen) are given with respect to the solid culture medium 20, and cultivation of a plant is performed favorably as FIG.

  In the planting hole 10, a small-diameter cylindrical portion 14 is provided below the tapered portion 12, but the small-diameter cylindrical portion 14 is omitted as compared to the large-diameter cylindrical portion 11 as illustrated in the planting hole 10 </ b> A in FIG. 11. Only the tapered portion 12 may be provided on the lower side. Other configurations of the planting hole 10 </ b> A are the same as those of the planting hole 10. Taking an example of the dimensions of the planting hole 10, the height of the tapered portion 12 is 10 mm, and other dimensions are the same as those of the planting hole 10.

  In the present invention, as in the planting hole 10B of FIG. 12, a notch-shaped recess 15 extending in the thickness direction of the fixed planting panel (in the direction parallel to the axis of the planting hole 10B) is provided below the planting hole 10B. May be. When such a concave strip 15 is provided, the air permeability between the upper surface side and the lower surface side of the planting panel 1 is further improved. Other configurations of the planting hole 10 </ b> B are the same as those of the planting hole 10.

  As illustrated in FIG. 13, the cultivation apparatus that can be used in the present invention has a parent tank 86 that stores diluted nutrient solution, and at least one or more child tanks 73 that supply the nutrient solution from the parent tank 86. Is arranged. The nutrient solution is supplied from the child tank 73 to each concave strip 42 of each corrugated plate 40 on the most upstream side. On the corrugated plate 40, the planting panel plate 1 holding the solid medium 20 is placed.

  A liquid fertilizer stock solution in a stock solution tank (not shown) and water such as tap water are supplied to the parent tank 86 from pipes 84 and 85 with supply control valves 84a and 85a to prepare a nutrient solution having a predetermined concentration. A nutrient solution having a predetermined concentration prepared in the parent tank 86 is distributed and supplied to each child tank 73 via a pump 87, a pipe 88, a three-way valve 89, a flow meter 90 and a ball tap 91. A water supply pipe 92 is connected to the three-way valve 89, and water from the pipe 92 can be supplied to the child tank 73 by switching the three-way valve 89. The liquid in each child tank 73 is supplied to each corrugated plate 40 on the most upstream side via a pump 74 and a pipe 75.

  Thereby, the nutrient solution (dilution nutrient solution) of the uniform density | concentration prepared with the parent tank 86 can always be supplied to each corrugated plate 40. FIG.

  In FIG. 13, a cultivation bed group 62 is formed by arranging a plurality of cultivation bed rows 61 (four rows in the drawing) in which a plurality of planting panel plates 1 are arranged on a corrugated plate 40 arranged with a gradient. One child tank 73 is attached to one cultivation bed group 62.

  As shown in FIG. 13, by providing the child tank 73 for each cultivation bed group 62, it is possible to manage the nutrient solution cultivated in the child tank 73 with a relatively small amount. When the harvesting is completed, it is preferable that the nutrient solution used for one cultivation bed group 62 is discarded and cultivation is started with a new nutrient solution.

  As a result, the vegetables that are cultivated in the next period without being affected by secretions from the roots (organic acids, etc.) or detachment of the epidermis cells of the roots that have flowed into the nutrient solution due to cultivation of the first crop, Stable cultivation becomes possible.

  In the conventional method, the nutrient solution is supplied to each cultivation bed tank using a common tank for cultivation, so the nutrient solution that is used is to reuse the nutrient solution while adding a new nutrient solution each time. As a result, the secretion from the roots and the epidermal cells of the roots accumulate, and as the cultivation is repeated, growth inhibition called self-poisoning occurs.

  Moreover, even in the case of the conventional method, it is possible to renew all of the nutrient solution, but since it is an operation to replace the nutrient solution in the tank and all the cultivation bed tanks at the same time, it is necessary to discard a large amount of the nutrient solution at the same time. In addition, during this work, all vegetables cannot be grown. As a result, during this period, vegetables cannot be shipped, and there is a problem that regular vegetables cannot be shipped.

  In FIG. 13, the nutrient solution used in one cultivation bed group 62 is returned to the child tank 73 of the cultivation bed group 62 via the pipe 76 to circulate the nutrient solution. The nutrient solution is additionally supplied from the parent tank 86 into the child tank 73 by the ball tap 91 or the like, and the nutrient solution in the child tank 73 is kept constant.

  In FIG. 13, while the cultivation is continued in some of the cultivation bed groups 62, the other cultivation bed groups 62 perform cleaning (cleaning after the harvesting is finished). The process can proceed separately.

  Further, even when a pathogenic bacterium is generated in one cultivated bed group 62, the infection of the pathogenic bacterium in the other cultivated bed group 62 can be suppressed. That is, since the nutrient solution is not returned to the parent tank 86, the contamination stops only in the closed circuit (cultivation bed group 62) for circulating the nutrient solution.

  Water can be introduced into each child tank 73 via a water supply pipe 92 and a three-way valve 89. In the latter stage of cultivation of leaf vegetables grown in each cultivation bed group 62, the fertilizer concentration of the nutrient solution circulating through the child tank 73 and the cultivation bed group 62 can be reduced by switching from the nutrient solution supply to the water supply. it can. As a result, it is possible to gradually reduce the amount of nitric acid in the plant in the latter stage of cultivation, and leaf vegetables can be harvested with the amount of nitric acid reduced.

  When nitric acid in a plant body is taken into the human body, it combines with amide nitrogen to produce nitrosamine. By lowering the fertilizer concentration of the nutrient solution in the later stage of cultivation, the nitric acid concentration in the plant body can be reduced. In addition, by reducing the concentration of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash in the nutrient solution used in the later stages of cultivation, the burden on the environment can be greatly reduced even when the nutrient solution is discarded after harvesting is completed. Can do.

[Basic conditions]
As a basic condition, the planting panel 1 having the planting holes 10 of 119 holes / m ² was disposed on the corrugated plate 40 having a gradient of 1/100. A solid medium 20 having a spinach seedling was inserted into each planting hole 10 of the planting panel board 1 and planted.

  A nutrient solution (nutrient concentration: EC 3.0 dS / m, nutrient solution temperature: 20 ° C.) is supplied to the upper surface side of the corrugated plate 40 at a flow rate of 10 to 15 liters per minute, and the nutrient solution is supplied for 15 days after planting spinach. Cultivated in

  The corrugated plate 40 is made of polycarbonate resin having a length of 3 m, a width of 0.79 m, a protruding pitch of 76 mm, and a protruding depth of 18 mm.

[Example 1]
The upper surface of the corrugated plate 40 was made to have a surface roughness Ra = 40 μm by sandblasting. A spinach was cultivated under the above basic conditions without using a hydrophilic sheet. The root growth was also good, and the spinach growth was also good.

[Example 2]
Spinach was cultivated under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the sandblast treatment of the upper surface of the corrugated plate 40 was not performed and the surface roughness Ra was set to 0.2 μm. Although there were some differences in the growth of roots, the growth of spinach was good.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fixed planting panel board 10,10A, 10B Planting hole 11 Large diameter cylindrical part 12 Tapered part 14 Small diameter cylindrical part 20 Solid culture medium 21 Solid culture medium main body part 22 Overhang | projection part 40 Corrugated plate 41 convex strip 42 concave strip 43 Side wall 61 Cultivation bed Row 62 Grown bed group 73 Child tank 86 Parent tank 90 Flow meter 91 Ball tap

Claims (11)

A plate having ridges and ridges alternately arranged in parallel;
A fixed plant panel plate having a large number of planting holes placed on the plate, a solid medium is disposed in the planting holes, and a lower end portion of the solid medium is placed on the concave strip of the plate A hydroponic device,
Between the inner surface of the planting hole and the side of the solid medium, there is a ventilation space that communicates the upper and lower sides of the planting panel board,
The nutrient solution cultivating apparatus, wherein the plate has a gradient so that the nutrient solution flows along the concave stripe.   The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fixed planting panel is placed in contact with the ridges of the plate.   The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plate is a synthetic resin plate having a tensile modulus of 200 to 3000 MPa.   The hydroponic culture according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the plate is a corrugated plate having a corrugated cross section in a direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the convex and concave strips. apparatus. The corrugated plate has a long rectangular shape in the extending direction of the ridges and ridges,
The plurality of corrugated plates are juxtaposed in the width direction, and adjacent corrugated plates are disposed by overlapping the long side ridges and the ridges. The hydroponic cultivation apparatus described.   In the corrugated plate on the end side in the parallel direction, one long side overlaps the long side of the adjacent corrugated plate, and the other long side is bent upward to form a side wall. It comprises, The hydroponic cultivation apparatus of Claim 5 characterized by the above-mentioned.   The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the plurality of corrugated plates are disposed such that end portions in the longitudinal direction are overlapped with each other. The solid medium includes an overhanging portion that protrudes from the top to the side,
The inner surface of the planting hole is provided with a locking portion that supports the solid medium by engaging the overhang from above,
The hydroponic device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein when the lower end portion of the solid medium comes into contact with the plate, the overhanging portion separates upward from the locking portion. .   The hydroponics method of growing leaf vegetables using the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of any one of Claims 1-8.   After arranging the solid culture medium in the planting hole of the fixed plant panel board, the fixed plant panel board is placed on the plate, and a lower end portion of each solid culture medium is brought into contact with the recess. Item 10. The hydroponics method according to Item 9.   The hydroponic cultivation method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein a hydrophilic sheet is not disposed on the plate, and a lower end portion of the solid medium is brought into direct contact with a concave strip of the plate.

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