JP2016035641A - Image processing apparatus, and control method and control program of image processing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

[PROBLEMS] To suppress a decrease in user convenience when a failure requiring a reboot occurs.
A job is acquired and stored in a job queue storage unit 114, and a reboot is required for a job control unit 111 that controls job execution based on the job queue and any of a plurality of units constituting the apparatus. The SC detection unit 112 that detects that a failure has occurred, and an execution instruction that can be executed by a unit other than the unit that needs to be rebooted according to the detected failure in the job queue when a failure requiring a reboot occurs. And a reboot determination unit 113 that controls the execution of the reboot after the execution.
[Selection] Figure 4

Description

  The present invention relates to an image processing apparatus, a control method for the image processing apparatus, and a control program.

  In recent years, there has been a tendency to digitize information, and image processing apparatuses such as printers and facsimiles used for outputting digitized information and scanners used for digitizing documents have become indispensable devices. Such an image processing apparatus is often configured as a multifunction machine that can be used as a printer, a facsimile, a scanner, or a copier by providing an imaging function, an image forming function, a communication function, and the like.

  In such an image processing apparatus, a method for improving user convenience by devising rebooting of a system when a failure occurs in a component of the apparatus has been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 1). In the method disclosed in Patent Document 1, when a reboot occurs due to a failure during execution of a document reading process, image formation output is executed without re-reading the document that has been read before rebooting.

  In the case of the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is assumed that the entire apparatus is rebooted when a failure occurs in a unit constituting the apparatus. On the other hand, in the case of an apparatus including a plurality of functions such as the above-described multifunction peripheral, a unit necessary for a job input by a user is normal, and a failure may occur in another unit. .

  Even in such a case, depending on the specifications of the apparatus, the operation of other units may be disabled while the unit in which the failure has occurred is being rebooted. Therefore, when rebooting immediately when a failure occurs, the job input by the user can be executed immediately, but the user waits for the reboot of another unit, which is unnecessary for the user. A long waiting time.

  The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to suppress a decrease in user convenience when a failure requiring a reboot occurs.

  In order to solve the above problems, according to one embodiment of the present invention, an execution instruction for processing using at least one of a plurality of units included in an apparatus is acquired and stored in a storage medium, and is also stored in the storage medium. A job control unit that causes the unit to execute processing based on the executed instruction, a failure detection unit that detects that a failure that requires a reboot has occurred in any of a plurality of units constituting the apparatus, and the failure is detected An image processing apparatus including a reboot control unit that controls execution of the reboot in the case where a failure requiring reboot occurs in the execution instruction stored in the storage medium. After executing an executable instruction that can be executed in a unit other than the unit that needs to be rebooted according to the detected failure, the rib of the unit that needs to be rebooted is executed. And executes control the door.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the fall of the convenience of a user when the failure which requires a reboot can occur can be suppressed.

It is a figure which shows the operation | use form of the system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the hardware constitutions of the information processing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of an image forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows the function structure of the main control part which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of the job queue table which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of SC table which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a sequence diagram which shows operation | movement of the image processing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the reboot determination operation | movement which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the operation | movement after completion of the reboot which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the present embodiment, an information processing apparatus such as a PC (Personal Computer) or an image processing apparatus that executes various processes according to a job that is an execution instruction of a process input by an operation on a display panel will be described as an example. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an operation mode of the image processing apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, an image processing apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment is connected to a PC 2 via a network.

  The PC 2 is an information processing terminal operated by a user. The PC 2 generates a print job, that is, an image formation output command for causing the image processing apparatus 1 to execute image formation output by the function of the installed printer driver, and causes the image processing apparatus 1 to execute image formation output. The PC 2 generates various jobs such as a job for storing image information in the image processing apparatus 1 and a job for causing the image processing apparatus 1 to perform scanning, and transmits the generated jobs to the image processing apparatus 1.

  The image processing apparatus 1 is an MFP (Multi Function Peripheral) that can be used as a printer, a facsimile, a scanner, and a copier by providing an imaging function, an image forming function, a communication function, and the like.

  Next, a hardware configuration of an information processing apparatus such as the PC 2 and the image processing apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The image processing apparatus 1 includes an engine for realizing a scanner, a printer, and the like in addition to the hardware configuration shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the information processing apparatus according to the present embodiment includes the same configuration as that of a general server or PC. That is, the information processing apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 10, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 20, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 30, a HDD (Hard Disk Drive) 40, and an I / F 50. Connected through. Further, an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) 60 and an operation unit 70 are connected to the I / F 50.

  The CPU 10 is a calculation means and controls the operation of the entire information processing apparatus. The RAM 20 is a volatile storage medium capable of reading and writing information at high speed, and is used as a work area when the CPU 10 processes information. The ROM 30 is a read-only nonvolatile storage medium and stores a program such as firmware. The HDD 40 is a non-volatile storage medium that can read and write information, and stores an OS (Operating System), various control programs, application programs, and the like.

  The I / F 50 connects and controls the bus 80 and various hardware and networks. The LCD 60 is a visual user interface for the user to check the state of the information processing apparatus. The operation unit 70 is a user interface such as a keyboard and a mouse for a user to input information to the information processing apparatus.

  In such a hardware configuration, the software control unit is configured by the CPU 10 performing calculations according to a program stored in the ROM 30 or a program read to the RAM 20 from a storage medium such as the HDD 40 or an optical disk (not shown). . A functional block for realizing the functions of the PC 2 and the image processing apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment is configured by a combination of the software control unit configured as described above and hardware.

  Next, the functional configuration of the image processing apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of the image processing apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3, the image processing apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment includes a controller 100, an ADF (Auto Document Feeder) 101, a scanner unit 102, a paper discharge tray 103, a display panel 104, and a paper feed table. 105, a print engine 106, a paper discharge tray 107, and a network I / F 108.

  The controller 100 includes a main control unit 110, an engine control unit 120, an image processing unit 130, an operation display control unit 140, and an input / output control unit 150. As shown in FIG. 3, the image processing apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment is configured as a multifunction machine having a scanner unit 102 and a print engine 106. In FIG. 3, the electrical connection is indicated by solid arrows, and the flow of paper is indicated by broken arrows.

  The display panel 104 is an output interface that visually displays the state of the image processing apparatus 1, and when the user directly operates the image processing apparatus 1 as a touch panel or inputs information to the image processing apparatus 1. It is also an input interface. That is, the display panel 104 includes a function for displaying an image for receiving an operation by the user. The display panel 104 is realized by the LCD 60 and the operation unit 70 shown in FIG.

  The network I / F 108 is an interface for the image processing apparatus 1 to communicate with other devices such as the PC 2 via the network, and uses an Ethernet (registered trademark) or a USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface. The network I / F 108 can communicate using the TCP / IP protocol. The network I / F 108 also functions as an interface for executing facsimile transmission when the image processing apparatus 1 functions as a facsimile. For this reason, the network I / F 108 is also connected to a telephone line. The network I / F 108 is realized by the I / F 50 shown in FIG.

  The controller 100 is configured by a combination of software and hardware. Specifically, a software control unit and an integrated circuit configured by the CPU 10 performing calculations according to a program stored in the ROM 30 or a program read into the RAM 20 from a storage medium such as the HDD 40 or an optical disk (not shown). The controller 100 is configured by hardware. The controller 100 functions as a control unit that controls the entire image processing apparatus 1.

  The main control unit 110 plays a role of controlling each unit included in the controller 100, and gives a command to each unit of the controller 100. The engine control unit 120 serves as a driving unit that controls or drives the print engine 106, the scanner unit 102, and the like. The image processing unit 130 generates drawing information based on image information to be printed out under the control of the main control unit 110. The drawing information is information for drawing an image to be formed in the image forming operation by the print engine 106 as an image forming unit.

  The image processing unit 130 processes image data input from the scanner unit 102 to generate image data. This image data is information stored in the storage area of the image processing apparatus 1 as a result of the scanner operation or transmitted to another information processing terminal or storage device via the network I / F 108.

  The operation display control unit 140 displays information on the display panel 104 or notifies the main control unit 110 of information input via the display panel 104. The input / output control unit 150 inputs information input via the network I / F 108 to the main control unit 110. The main control unit 110 also controls the input / output control unit 150 to access the network I / F 108 and devices connected to other networks via the network.

  When the image processing apparatus 1 operates as a printer, first, the input / output control unit 150 receives a print job via the network I / F 108. That is, the input / output control unit 150 functions as an image formation output command acquisition unit. The input / output control unit 150 transfers the received print job to the main control unit 110. When receiving the print job, the main control unit 110 controls the image processing unit 130 to generate drawing information based on document information or image information included in the print job.

  When drawing information is generated by the image processing unit 130, the engine control unit 120 controls the print engine 106 to form an image on the paper conveyed from the paper feed table 105 based on the generated drawing information. Let it run. That is, the image processing unit 130, the engine control unit 120, and the print engine 106 function as an image formation output unit.

  When the image processing apparatus 1 operates as a scanner, the operation display control unit 140 or the user operates the display panel 104 according to a user operation or a scan execution instruction input from another terminal such as the PC 2 via the network I / F 108. The input / output control unit 150 transfers a scan execution signal to the main control unit 110. The main control unit 110 controls the engine control unit 120 based on the received scan execution signal.

  The engine control unit 120 drives the ADF 101 and conveys the document to be imaged set on the ADF 101 to the scanner unit 102. In addition, the engine control unit 120 drives the scanner unit 102 and images a document conveyed from the ADF 101. If no original is set on the ADF 101 and the original is set directly on the scanner unit 102, the scanner unit 102 images the set original according to the control of the engine control unit 120. That is, the scanner unit 102 operates as an imaging unit, and the engine control unit 120 functions as a reading control unit.

  In the imaging operation, an imaging element such as a CCD included in the scanner unit 102 optically scans the document, and imaging information generated based on the optical information is generated. The engine control unit 120 transfers the imaging information generated by the scanner unit 102 to the image processing unit 130. The image processing unit 130 generates image information based on the imaging information received from the engine control unit 120 according to the control of the main control unit 110.

  Image information generated by the image processing unit 130 is acquired by the main control unit 110, and the main control unit 110 stores the image information in a storage medium attached to the image processing apparatus 1 such as the HDD 40. That is, the scanner unit 102, the engine control unit 120, and the image processing unit 130 work together to function as an image input unit. The image information generated by the image processing unit 130 is stored in the HDD 40 or the like as it is according to a user instruction or transmitted to an external device such as the PC 2 via the input / output control unit 150 and the network I / F 108.

  Further, when the image processing apparatus 1 operates as a copying machine, the image processing unit 130 generates drawing information based on imaging information received by the engine control unit 120 from the scanner unit 102 or image information generated by the image processing unit 130. To do. Based on the drawing information, the engine control unit 120 drives the print engine 106 as in the case of the printer operation. When the information format of the drawing information and the imaging information is the same, the imaging information can be used as the drawing information as it is.

  Next, functions realized by the main control unit 110 as functions according to the gist of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the main control unit 110 according to the present embodiment includes a job control unit 111, an SC (Service Call) detection unit 112, a reboot determination unit 113, a job queue storage unit 114, and an SC table storage unit 115. .

  The job control unit 111 acquires a job input via the input / output control unit 150 and the operation display control unit 140, and controls the image processing unit 130 and the engine control unit 120 based on the contents of the job. Is executed. At that time, the acquired job is stored in the job queue storage unit 114. The job control unit 111 according to the present embodiment has a function of performing job execution control while a service call is detected by the SC detection unit 112.

  The SC detection unit 112 acquires a service call notified by each unit of the image processing apparatus 1. That is, the SC detection unit 112 functions as a failure detection unit. A service call is a notification that notifies a unit that a failure has occurred, and has an identifier corresponding to the unit in which the failure has occurred and the content of the failure. The SC detection unit 112 notifies the reboot determination unit 113 of the acquired service call information.

  When the reboot determination unit 113 acquires the service call information from the SC detection unit 112, the reboot determination unit 113 determines whether or not to forcibly terminate the apparatus, whether or not to reboot, whether to execute a job based on the SC table stored in the SC table storage unit 115. The job control unit 111 is notified of whether or not it is possible. Further, the target unit is rebooted by controlling the engine control unit 120 according to the determination result. That is, the reboot determination unit 113 functions as a reboot control unit.

  The job queue storage unit 114 is a storage unit that stores jobs input to the image processing apparatus 1. With reference to FIG. 5, a job queue table in which a job list is managed in the job queue storage unit 114 will be described. As shown in FIG. 5, the job queue table includes items of “job ID”, “job status”, “job type”, and “job progress information”.

  “Job ID” is an identifier for uniquely identifying a job. “Job status” is information indicating the job execution status, such as “executing” and “waiting”. In addition to “executing” and “standby”, the image processing apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment has a state of “stopped” indicating that the job is interrupted due to an SC occurring during execution.

  “Job type” is an item indicating the content of the job, such as “print”, “document accumulation”, and “scan”. Based on this “job type”, a unit necessary for execution is determined. “Job progress information” is information that is updated when a job is executed, such as the number of pages in printout or copy, the number of originals in scan, and the like.

  Upon receiving a new job, the job control unit 111 adds a record corresponding to the received job to the job queue table as shown in FIG. Further, by executing execution control of the job, information is acquired in real time via the engine control unit 120, and “job progress information” is updated.

  The SC table storage unit 115 is a storage unit that stores an SC table that is list information of service calls that may occur in the image processing apparatus 1. With reference to FIG. 6, the contents of the SC table according to the present embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 6, the SC table according to the present embodiment includes items of “SCID”, “target unit”, “forced termination”, and “SC reboot target”.

  “SCID” is an identifier for uniquely identifying a service call. The “target unit” is an item indicating a unit in which a failure has occurred in each service call, such as “scanner”, “plotter”, and “ADF”. “Forced termination” is an item indicating whether or not the apparatus needs to be shut down since the subsequent operation of the apparatus becomes impossible.

  “SC reboot target” is an item indicating whether or not the service call is a target for continuing the operation of the apparatus by rebooting the target unit. If the failure can be resolved by reboot, the answer is “YES”, and if the reboot is not necessary or if the fault cannot be resolved by reboot, the answer is “NO”.

  Thus, the SC table is information in which the type of failure and the unit that needs to be rebooted are associated. That is, the SC table is used as failure information, and the SC table storage unit 115 functions as a failure information storage unit.

  Next, the operation of the main control unit 110 in the image processing apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to the sequence diagram of FIG. As shown in FIG. 7, first, the job control unit 111 receives a job (S701). When receiving the job, the job control unit 111 stores the queue of the received job in the job queue storage unit 114 as shown in FIG. 5 (S702). Then, the image processing unit 130 and the engine control unit 120 are controlled to perform job execution control (S703).

  On the other hand, the SC detection unit 112 detects a service call by notification from each unit of the image processing apparatus 1 such as the engine control unit 120, and notifies the reboot determination unit 113 of the information (S704). The reboot determination unit 113 that has acquired the service call information refers to the SC table described with reference to FIG. 6 (S705), and first determines whether the service call is a target for forced termination (S706).

  If the forced termination is unnecessary, the reboot determination unit 113 next refers to the job queue in the job queue table (S707), and whether or not the job can be continued based on the content of the generated service call and the job being executed or waiting. Is determined (S708). The element / reboot determination unit 113 executes control according to the determination result of whether or not the job can be continued (S709).

  Next, the operation of the reboot determination unit 113 according to the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the flowchart of FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, when the reboot determination unit 113 detects the occurrence of a service call based on the notification from the SC detection unit 112 (S801), the reboot determination unit 113 refers to the SC table (S802), and is generated based on the “forced termination” item. It is determined whether or not the service call is a target for forced termination (S803).

  If the target is forcibly terminated (S803 / YES), the reboot determination unit 113 executes shutdown of the image processing apparatus 1 (S811), and ends the process. On the other hand, if it is not the target of forced termination (S803 / NO), the reboot determination unit 113 determines whether the service call generated based on the item “SC reboot target” is the target of reboot (S804).

  As a result of the determination in S804, if it is not a reboot target (S804 / NO), the reboot determination unit 113 continues normal device operation and ends the service call processing. On the other hand, if it is a reboot target (S804 / YES), the reboot determination unit 113 refers to the job queue in the job queue storage unit 114 (S805).

  If the job queue is not accumulated as a result of referring to the job queue (S806 / NO), the reboot determination unit 113 executes the reboot of the target unit (S810) and ends the processing. On the other hand, if the job queue has been accumulated (S806 / YES), the reboot determination unit 113 determines that the pre-reboot based on the “job type” of the accumulated job queue and the “target unit” of the generated service call. It is determined whether the job can be executed (S807).

  As a result of the determination in S807, if the job can be executed (S807 / YES), the reboot determination unit 113 specifies the job ID and notifies the job control unit 111 that the job can be executed before rebooting. Execution control is performed (S808). Thereafter, the reboot determination unit 113 repeats the processing from S805.

  On the other hand, if the job cannot be executed (S807 / NO), the reboot determination unit 113 determines whether or not a job that can be executed before the reboot is accumulated in the job queue (S809), and has not yet been determined. If there is an unexecuted job queue (S809 / NO), the processing from S805 is repeated. On the other hand, if there is no job that can be executed before rebooting in the job queue (S809 / YES), the reboot determination unit 113 reboots the target unit (S810) and ends the process. With this processing, the service call processing operation according to the present embodiment is completed.

  As described above, according to the function of the reboot determination unit 113 according to the present embodiment, when a service call occurs, the job can be continued after determining the target unit based on the information registered in the SC table. In such a case, the job is continued and the target unit is rebooted when there is no queue of executable jobs. In other words, after a service call is generated and an execution instruction that can be executed by a unit other than the unit that needs to be rebooted is executed, the reboot of the unit that needs to be rebooted is controlled. Therefore, a job unrelated to the unit in which the failure has occurred can be completed without waiting for the reboot of the unit in which the failure has occurred, and the convenience for the user can be improved.

  Note that a new job may be input to the image processing apparatus 1 even while the operation of FIG. In that case, the job control unit 111 stores the received job in the job queue storage unit 114 as in S701 and S702 of FIG. The reboot determination unit 113 sequentially refers to the newly accumulated job queue in step S805 in FIG. 8 as well as the job queue accumulated in the job queue storage unit 114 before the service call is generated, and so on. Process.

  If it is determined in S806 that the job queue is not accumulated, or if it is determined in S809 that there is no executable job, the reboot determination unit 113 immediately executes the reboot in S810. Instead, a reboot may be performed after a certain waiting period. As a result, if a new job that can be executed before rebooting is input during this waiting period, it is possible to execute the job without waiting for rebooting. Can be improved.

  Next, the operation of the job control unit 111 after the reboot is completed will be described with reference to FIG. The job control unit 111 recognizes the completion of the reboot by receiving a notification from the reboot determination unit 113 (S901). When the reboot is completed, the job control unit 111 refers to the job queue in the job queue storage unit 114 (S902).

  The job control unit 111 referring to the job queue first confirms whether there is a stopped job interrupted by the occurrence of the service call based on the item “job status” (S903). If there is a stopped job (S903 / YES), the job control unit 111 restarts the job halfway based on the item of “job progress information” (S904).

  When the resumed job is completed, or when there is no stopped job (S903 / NO), the job control unit 111 checks whether or not a job queue is further accumulated (S905). If the job queue is accumulated (S905 / YES), the accumulated job is executed (S906), and the process is terminated. On the other hand, if the job queue has not been accumulated (S905 / NO), the process is terminated as it is.

  As described above, in the processing after the reboot is completed, it is possible to maintain continuity with the job executed before the reboot by preferentially restarting the “stopped” job.

  As described above, according to the reboot control of the image processing apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, when a failure requiring a reboot occurs, an already input job can be executed without rebooting. Since a reboot is executed after executing a simple job, it is possible to suppress a decrease in user convenience when a failure requiring a reboot occurs.

1 Image forming apparatus 2 PC
10 CPU
20 RAM
30 ROM
40 HDD
50 I / F
60 LCD
70 Operation unit 80 Bus 100 Controller 101 ADF
102 Scanner unit 103 Paper discharge tray 104 Display panel 105 Paper feed table 106 Print engine 106a Dot pin 106b Ink ribbon 107 Paper discharge tray 108 Network I / F
110 Main Control Unit 111 Job Control Unit 112 SC Detection Unit 113 Reboot Determination Unit 114 Job Queue Storage Unit 115 SC Table Storage Unit 120 Engine Control Unit 130 Image Processing Unit 140 Operation Display Control Unit 150 Input / Output Control Unit

JP 2006-121177 A

Claims (6)

Job control for obtaining an execution instruction for processing using at least one of a plurality of units constituting the apparatus and storing the execution instruction in a storage medium, and causing the unit to execute processing based on the execution instruction stored in the storage medium And
A failure detection unit that detects that a failure requiring a reboot has occurred in any of a plurality of units constituting the device;
An image processing apparatus including a reboot control unit that controls execution of the reboot when the failure is detected;
When a failure requiring a reboot occurs, the reboot control unit executes an execution instruction that can be executed by a unit other than the unit that needs to be rebooted according to the detected failure among the execution instructions stored in the storage medium. An image processing apparatus that controls execution of reboot of a unit that needs to be rebooted after being executed. Including a failure information storage unit that stores failure information in which a failure type and a unit that needs to be rebooted are associated;
The reboot control unit refers to the failure information, and determines whether or not a reboot is necessary for an execution instruction stored in the storage medium according to a detected failure. Item 8. The image processing apparatus according to Item 1.   When the job control unit executes the process of the unit based on the execution instruction, the job control unit stores progress information indicating the progress of the process in a storage medium, and the unit of the unit that needs to be rebooted according to the detected failure. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein after the reboot is completed, the processing is resumed from the middle based on the progress information.   The reboot control unit executes and controls reboot of a unit that needs to be rebooted when an execution instruction that can be executed by a unit other than the unit that needs to be rebooted is not stored in the storage medium according to a detected failure. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a waiting period for processing is provided for execution control of the reboot. Job control for obtaining an execution instruction for processing using at least one of a plurality of units constituting the apparatus and storing the execution instruction in a storage medium, and causing the unit to execute processing based on the execution instruction stored in the storage medium And
A failure detection unit that detects that a failure requiring a reboot has occurred in any of a plurality of units constituting the device;
A control method of an image processing apparatus including a reboot control unit that controls execution of the reboot when the failure is detected,
When a failure that requires a reboot occurs, after executing an executable instruction that can be executed by a unit other than the unit that requires a reboot according to the detected fault among the executable instructions stored in the storage medium, A control method for an image processing apparatus, wherein execution control of reboot of a unit that needs to be rebooted is performed. Obtaining an execution instruction for processing using at least one of a plurality of units constituting the apparatus and storing the execution instruction in a storage medium, and causing the unit to execute processing based on the execution instruction stored in the storage medium; ,
Detecting that a failure requiring a reboot has occurred in any of a plurality of units constituting the device; and
When a failure that requires a reboot occurs, after executing an executable instruction that can be executed by a unit other than the unit that requires a reboot according to the detected fault among the executable instructions stored in the storage medium, A control program for an image processing apparatus, which causes an information processing apparatus to execute execution control of reboot of a unit that needs to be rebooted.