JP2014116322A - リチウム金属混合酸化物を含む複合材料 - Google Patents
リチウム金属混合酸化物を含む複合材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014116322A JP2014116322A JP2014027146A JP2014027146A JP2014116322A JP 2014116322 A JP2014116322 A JP 2014116322A JP 2014027146 A JP2014027146 A JP 2014027146A JP 2014027146 A JP2014027146 A JP 2014027146A JP 2014116322 A JP2014116322 A JP 2014116322A
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- composite material
- carbon
- lithium
- mixed oxide
- doped
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910000319 transition metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical class C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021387 carbon allotrope Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- -1 lithium transition metal Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229960001375 lactose Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WSVLPVUVIUVCRA-KPKNDVKVSA-N Alpha-lactose monohydrate Chemical compound O.O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O WSVLPVUVIUVCRA-KPKNDVKVSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229960001021 lactose monohydrate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- SWAIALBIBWIKKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium titanium Chemical compound [Li].[Ti] SWAIALBIBWIKKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910013275 LiMPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AZUYLZMQTIKGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[6-[4-(5-chloro-6-methyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)-5-methyl-3-(1-methylindazol-5-yl)pyrazol-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl]prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound ClC=1C(=C2C=NNC2=CC=1C)C=1C(=NN(C=1C)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(C=C)=O)C1)C=1C=C2C=NN(C2=CC=1)C AZUYLZMQTIKGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 2
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910011281 LiCoPO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013086 LiNiPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015830 LixMyO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NWBJYWHLCVSVIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-benzyladenine Chemical compound N=1C=NC=2NC=NC=2C=1NCC1=CC=CC=C1 NWBJYWHLCVSVIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZTOZIUYGNMLJES-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Li+].[C+4].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [Li+].[C+4].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZTOZIUYGNMLJES-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-ol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AULKGSAUVLLZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-H dilithium iron(2+) diphosphate Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Fe+2].[Li+].P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Fe+2].[Li+] AULKGSAUVLLZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AZVCGYPLLBEUNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;ethanolate Chemical compound [Li+].CC[O-] AZVCGYPLLBEUNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003921 particle size analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005569 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000131 polyvinylidene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical class [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005550 wet granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
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Abstract
【解決手段】本発明は、ある領域が熱分解炭素により被覆されたリチウム金属混合酸化物の粒子と、ある領域が熱分解炭素により被覆された基材炭素の粒子とを含む複合材料に関する。さらに、本発明は、そのような複合材料を製造する方法に関し、また、該複合材料を含む電極に関し、そして、複合材料を含む電極を備えたリチウムイオン二次電池に関する。
【選択図】なし
Description
黒鉛の372mAh/g(理論値)と比較して容量が175mAh/gに減ることとともに、このことは、黒鉛アノードを備えたリチウムイオン電池と比較して明らかにエネルギー密度が低くなることにつながる。
特に好ましくは、前記比は、1:1であり、その結果2.2重量%の全炭素含量となり、好ましくは50%である。即ち、複合材料の全重量に対して基材炭素粒子が1.1±0.1重量%であり、全炭素の残部が1.1±0.1重量%である。従って、リチウム金属混合酸化物粒子及び基材炭素粒子の両方における熱分解炭素の被覆が1.1±0.1重量%である。
a)リチウム金属酸化物の粒子を供給する、
b)熱分解炭素用の前駆体化合物及び基材炭素粒子を加えて混合物を作製する、
c)ステップb)の混合物を圧縮する、
d)圧縮した混合物を加熱する。
BET表面積は、DIN 66134に従って測定する。
次に、下記の式により粉体抵抗を算出した。
粉体抵抗[Ω/cm]=抵抗[Ω]×厚み[cm]×RCF
RCF値は、測定機器に依存するものであり、測定機器製造会社の設定に従い2.758とした。
水熱合成法(カナダ特許公報2,537,278による)により作製したリン酸鉄リチウム(66.2%の固形分含量であり乾燥重量が187.6kg)の新しい状態の濾過ケーキ283.4kgと、リン酸鉄リチウム1kg当たり52.5gに相当する又は、約1.1重量%の熱分解炭素に相当する乳糖一水和物9.84kgと、リン酸鉄リチウムに対して1.1重量%に相当する片状黒鉛(Timcal社 SFG 6)2.06kgとを、カッターヘッドを備えた水平プローシェア混合機(EMT 5501)に取り込んだ。次に、80リットルの脱イオン水を内部の噴霧ヘッドを通して加え、140RPMの水平波回転速度及び1500RPMのカッターヘッド回転速度で15分間以上混合を行った。全体としては、全複合材料において2.2重量%の最終的な炭素含量であり、熱分解炭素に対する結晶性の粒子状炭素の重量比は、約1:1である。
固相法により合成されたPhostech Lithium社の市販品グレードのチタン酸リチウム100kgと、チタン酸リチウム1kg当たり30gに相当する又は1%の熱分解炭素に相当する乳糖一水和物3.0kgと、チタン酸リチウムに対して1.0重量%に相当するTimcal社の片状黒鉛SFG 6を1.0kgとを、実施例1と同様に仕込み、さらに処理した。今回の操作においては、25%の固形分含量を有する噴霧可能な懸濁液を得るべく、300Lの脱イオン水を混合物に噴霧した。全体としては、最終的な複合材料における最終の炭素含量が約2.0重量%であり、熱分解炭素に対する結晶性の粒子状炭素の重量比が約1:1である。
実施例1の本発明の複合材料を基にして、リン酸鉄リチウムを実施例1のように処理した。しかしながら、
a)第1の変形例において、黒鉛を加えることなく混合を行い、リン酸鉄リチウムの乾燥重量1kgに対して105gの乳糖一水和物を用い、それによって、焼成の結果2.2重量%量の全炭素が熱分解炭素として存在する。
b)第2の変形例において、乳糖を加えることなく混合を行い、リン酸鉄リチウムの乾燥重量1kgに対して2.2重量%のSFG 6黒鉛を用い、それによって、2.2重量%量の全炭素が結晶性の粒子状炭素として存在する。
実施例2の本発明の複合材料を基にして、チタン酸リチウムを実施例1のように処理した。しかしながら、
a)第1の変形例において、黒鉛を加えることなく混合を行い、チタン酸リチウムの乾燥重量1kgに対して120gの乳糖一水和物を用い、それによって、焼成の結果約2.0重量%量の全炭素が熱分解炭素として存在する。
b)第2の変形例において、乳糖を加えることなく混合を行い、チタン酸リチウムの乾燥重量1kgに対して2.0重量%のSFG 6黒鉛を用い、それによって、2.0重量%量の全炭素が結晶性の粒子状炭素として存在する。
電極における活物質の密度の測定
活物質(即ち、本発明の複合材料)の密度を測定するために、90%の活物質と、5重量%の導電性炭素と、5重量%の結着剤とからなる電極(厚み約60μm)を作製した。
(電極製剤における活物質部分(90%)) × 電極の正味の重量g /
(Π(0.65cm)2 × 正味の電極厚みcm)
Claims (21)
- 一部が熱分解炭素により被覆された、リチウム金属混合酸化物の粒子と、一部が熱分解炭素により被覆された基材炭素の粒子とを含む複合材料であって、前記複合材料の圧縮密度は、2.0g/cm 3 より大であり、前記基材炭素がVGCF炭素ではない複合材料。
- 前記リチウム金属混合酸化物が、ドープされた又はドープされていないリチウム遷移金属リン酸塩である、請求項1記載の複合材料。
- 前記遷移金属がFe、Co、Mn、又はNiである請求項2記載の複合材料。
- 前記リチウム金属混合酸化物が、ドープされた又はドープされていないチタン酸リチウムである請求項1記載の複合材料。
- 前記基材炭素が、黒鉛、カーボンナノチューブ、フラーレン、及びそれらの混合物から選択される結晶性の炭素同素体である請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の複合材料。
- 前記熱分解炭素の被覆の層厚みが、2〜5nmの範囲にある請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の複合材料。
- リチウム金属混合酸化物粒子及び/又は基材炭素粒子を被覆する熱分解炭素が、これら粒子の全表面を被覆している請求項6記載の複合材料。
- BET表面積が12m2/g以下である請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の複合材料。
- 圧縮密度が2.0〜3.3g/cm3の範囲にある請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の複合材料。
- 全炭素含量が、全重量に対して3重量%未満である請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の複合材料。
- 下記ステップ
a)リチウム金属混合酸化物を取り込む、
b)熱分解炭素の前駆体化合物i)と、基材炭素ii)とを加え、混合物を作製する、
c)ステップb)の混合物を粒状化する、
d)粒状化した混合物を750℃以下の温度で加熱する、
を含む請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の複合材料の製造方法。 - リチウム金属混合酸化物として、ドープされた又はドープされていないリチウム遷移金属リン酸塩、あるいはドープされた又はドープされていないチタン酸リチウムを用いる請求項11記載の方法。
- 熱分解炭素の前駆体物質として炭水化物を用いる請求項11又は12に記載の方法。
- ステップb)において、水性混合物をスラリーの態様で作製し、および前記スラリーをステップc)の前に乾燥させる請求項13記載の方法。
- 前記加熱を保護ガス雰囲気下にて行う請求項11〜14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 得られた産物を加熱後に粉砕する請求項11〜15のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 請求項11〜16のいずれか1項に記載の方法により得られる複合材料。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の複合材料を活物質として含むリチウムイオン二次電池用の電極。
- 80〜90重量部の活物質と、5〜10重量部の導電性炭素と、5〜10重量部の結着剤とを含む請求項18記載の電極。
- 請求項18又は19に記載の電極を備えたリチウムイオン二次電池。
- ドープされた又はドープされていないリチウム遷移金属リン酸塩を含む請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の複合材料を活物質として含むカソード備え、且つドープされた又はドープされていないチタン酸リチウムを含む請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の複合材料を活物質として含むアノードを備えたリチウムイオン二次電池。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20140121483A (ko) | 2014-10-15 |
| CN102439766A (zh) | 2012-05-02 |
| JP6301900B2 (ja) | 2018-03-28 |
| EP2430690B1 (de) | 2019-11-06 |
| CA2761239C (en) | 2015-04-28 |
| CA2761239A1 (en) | 2010-11-18 |
| KR101616961B1 (ko) | 2016-04-29 |
| KR20120018159A (ko) | 2012-02-29 |
| JP2016035934A (ja) | 2016-03-17 |
| WO2010130684A1 (de) | 2010-11-18 |
| TW201100321A (en) | 2011-01-01 |
| JP2012527067A (ja) | 2012-11-01 |
| CN102439766B (zh) | 2017-05-31 |
| US20120129052A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
| TWI441775B (zh) | 2014-06-21 |
| DE102009020832A1 (de) | 2010-11-25 |
| JP5595489B2 (ja) | 2014-09-24 |
| EP2430690A1 (de) | 2012-03-21 |
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