JP2014088457A - Method for carbonization treatment of waste and carbonizing device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for carbonization treatment of waste that produces a coal material product in a high yield by continuously and stably carbonizing a material to be treated which is made of inexpensively manufactured waste and to provide a carbonizing device.SOLUTION: The method for carbonization treatment of waste includes: a step of crushing a plastic waste and an organic waste, respectively, and mixing, compressing and heating the crushed wastes to produce a solid matter; a step of preheating a semi-open type furnace body to a temperature of 300°C or higher; a step of continuously charging a material to be treated from the charging part of the furnace body pre-heated to a temperature of 300°C or higher; a step of continuously supplying to the furnace body oxygen of less than the theoretical oxygen amount for the total amount of the solid matter to be charged; a step of conveying the material to be treated which has been charged from the charging part toward a discharge part; and a self-sustained combustion/carbonization step of simultaneously performing temperature maintenance of the furnace body by combustion corresponding to the amount of oxygen for the material to be treated which is supplied to the preheated furnace body and carbonization of the material to be treated by dry distillation due to the shortage of oxygen in the theoretical oxygen amount.

Description

  The present invention relates to a carbonization treatment method and a carbonization apparatus for waste, and more particularly to a carbonization treatment method and a carbonization apparatus for practically carbonizing combustible waste.

  There are many wastes other than those that require special management, such as hazardous sludge and infectious waste, and are useful as charcoal. For example, there are construction wood waste, rice husk, coconut husk, okara, thinned wood (bark), wood scrap, shochu, cloth and paper scrap. In addition, food residue, agricultural waste, municipal combustible organic waste, etc. are also combustible waste that can be carbonized. On the other hand, plastic as waste is disposed of on a scale of 10 million tons every year, and although it is partially used for recycling, it is costly due to separation work before entering the processing plant and processing in the recycling process. The reality is that it is handed over. Conventionally, the carbonization furnace of patent document 1 is proposed as a method of carbonizing a combustible material and manufacturing a carbonaceous material.

JP-A-11-293258

  In the carbonization furnace of Patent Document 1, a spiral spiral that feeds raw material from an inlet side on one end side of the furnace portion to an outlet side on the other end side is disposed in the cylindrical furnace portion, and the axis of the furnace portion is A belt-like member is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the furnace part in a spiral shape so that a hollow flow path is formed at the central part along the center, and one spiral pitch in the spiral is provided in the section on the inlet side of the furnace part. The blades for scraping up the raw material are provided between the adjacent parts corresponding to the interval of the above, and thus the raw material feeding operation in the furnace is stably performed. It is to prevent it from becoming too long. However, in the carbonization furnace disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to install a spiral blade with a scraping blade for feeding the raw material into the furnace, and the cost of the apparatus is high. In addition, since granular granulated coal with a certain amount of mass is used as a raw material, combustible material whose surface is coated with an inorganic binder such as bentonite, the raw material before being charged into the furnace is covered with the inorganic binder. There is a possibility that whether or not it can be applied as a product carbonaceous material depends on the quality. That is, it is considered that the reason why the raw material combustible material is coated with an inorganic binder such as bentonite is that oxidation is suppressed and gasified combustion material burns but carbon oxidation is suppressed. Therefore, it is necessary to manage the coating state at the raw material production stage, and the production cost of the input raw material is high, and the quality of the input raw material is not stable. Further, in the carbonization furnace of Patent Document 1, a burner 16 is installed at a position opposite to a discharge opening of a cylindrical both-end open furnace, and a flame is emitted in a direction opposite to the raw material moving direction in the furnace section 10 to thereby supply the raw material. Although mainly trying to burn gas components, air is also entrained and supplied to the furnace at the same time, and combustion progresses, ashing of the raw material progresses, and the recovery efficiency of the carbonaceous material decreases. there were.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and its object is to continuously and stably carbonize an object to be processed, which is manufactured at low cost by physical processing of an existing apparatus, and to achieve a high yield. It is an object of the present invention to provide a carbonization method and a carbonization apparatus for waste which can obtain a carbonaceous product by the above.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a material to be processed which is obtained by crushing plastic waste (P raw material) and organic waste (Y raw material), and mixing, compressing and heating them. A semi-open type furnace having a process S1 for producing the solid material 10 and a closed portion 521 having a workpiece input portion 56 on the one end closed wall 521 side and a workpiece discharge portion 74 having the other end opened. Step S2 for preheating the body 52 to 300 ° C. or higher, Step S3 for continuously charging the workpiece from the charging section 56 of the furnace body 52 preheated to 300 ° C. or higher, A step S4 of continuously supplying oxygen less than the theoretical oxygen amount of the total amount of the solid material 10 charged in the vicinity of the charging unit 56 together with the charging into the furnace body 52, and the charged workpiece to be discharged from the charging unit 56 Step S5 for transporting to 74 and preheated Disposal including a self-burning carbonization step S6 for simultaneously maintaining the furnace body temperature by combustion according to the amount of oxygen of the object to be treated supplied to the body 52 and carbonizing the object to be treated by dry distillation insufficient for the theoretical oxygen amount It consists of the carbonization method of the thing. A semi-open type furnace body in which wastes with pre-set component composition are crushed, mixed, compressed and heated to solidify them to a size of several centimeters to several tens of centimeters, and this is an improved existing rotary kiln. In addition, the oxygen is supplied in an amount that is insufficient with respect to the theoretical oxygen amount, and the workpiece is moved at a low speed in the same direction as the oxygen movement direction, so it is disposed of with high efficiency and high yield. A carbonaceous product can be reliably produced from a thing. At the same time, since existing equipment can be used, equipment can be produced at low cost without increasing costs. External heating of the furnace body is unnecessary, and the workpiece can be carbonized in a short time by continuous supply. The component composition of the waste does not need to be strictly or precisely defined. A table of the component composition is created for each type, the amount of combustion oxygen determined by the blending amount is calculated along with it, and the oxygen ratio is further calculated. The amount of oxygen to be determined and subjected to self-burning carbonization for each object to be processed is supplied to the furnace body.

  At that time, the pre-heated workpiece to be supplied to the furnace body 52 is moved to the discharge section 74 side in the transport path (60), and in the furnace body 52, the combustion area 101 on the upstream side and the oxygen-free carbonization on the rear stage side are placed. The carbon material may be generated by forming the region 102 with a decrease in oxygen concentration. The pre-stage combustion area and the non-oxygen dry distillation area on the rear stage are not clearly defined, and vary depending on the raw material composition of the solid to be treated, the amount of oxygen supplied, the conveyance speed, and the like.

  The preheating temperature of the furnace body is preferably 300 ° C to 1100 ° C. 300 ° C. is the lower limit temperature for carbonization of carbonization, and if the temperature is lower than that, the carbonaceous material recovery efficiency by carbonization is poor. In the case of 1100 ° C. or higher, the furnace temperature is unnecessarily increased to increase the operating cost of the apparatus.

  Furthermore, the amount of oxygen supplied into the furnace body 52 is preferably 0.4 to 0.7 in terms of the oxygen ratio with the workpiece to be charged. Further, the amount of oxygen supplied into the furnace body needs to be an oxygen amount that can maintain the furnace body temperature by the minimum combustion of the workpiece without requiring external heating. Moreover, a carbonized carbon material cannot be formed unless the oxygen amount is sufficient to form a carbonized state for carbonization.

  Moreover, it is good to form an activated carbon material by forming the conveyance process (60) in the dry distillation area | region 102 long.

  Further, the present invention is preheated to several hundred degrees Celsius or higher, the inside is closed, the one end closed wall 521 side has the input portion 56 of the object to be processed (10), and the other end side is discharged. A semi-open type furnace body 52 having a section 74, a transport section 60 for transporting a workpiece put into the furnace body 52 from the input section 56 toward the discharge section 74, and the same side as the input section 56. And an oxygen supply unit 58 that is provided in the vicinity of the charging unit and supplies oxygen into the furnace body 52. The workpieces to be charged into the furnace body 52 are plastic waste (P raw material) and organic waste. (Y raw material) is crushed, mixed, compressed, and heated to form solids 10, and the oxygen supply unit is oxygen less than the theoretical oxygen amount of the total amount of solids 10 fed from the charging unit 56. An oxygen supply unit 58 for supplying a quantity of the furnace body 52, While maintaining the furnace body temperature by combustion by receiving oxygen supply with receiving an object (10), and a carbonization apparatus for waste to carbonize the object to be treated by dry distillation of insufficient theoretical oxygen amount. A semi-open type furnace body in which wastes with pre-set component composition are crushed, mixed, compressed and heated to solidify them to a size of several centimeters to several tens of centimeters, and this is an improved existing rotary kiln. In addition, the oxygen is supplied in an amount that is insufficient with respect to the theoretical oxygen amount, and the workpiece is moved at a low speed in the same direction as the oxygen movement direction, so it is disposed of with high efficiency and high yield. A carbonaceous product can be reliably produced from a thing. At the same time, since existing equipment can be used, equipment can be produced at low cost without increasing costs. External heating of the furnace body is unnecessary, and the workpiece can be carbonized in a short time by continuous supply. The component composition of the waste does not need to be strictly or precisely defined. A table of the component composition is created for each type, the amount of combustion oxygen determined by the blending amount is calculated along with it, and the oxygen ratio is further calculated. The amount of oxygen to be determined and subjected to self-burning carbonization for each object to be processed is supplied to the furnace body.

  According to the carbonization treatment method for wastes of the present invention, a plastic waste and an organic waste are crushed, mixed, compressed, and heated to produce a solid as a treatment object. Preheating a semi-open type furnace body having an inside closed portion and a workpiece input portion on one closed wall side and a workpiece discharge portion opened on the other end side to 300 ° C. or higher; Less than the theoretical oxygen amount of the total amount of solids to be charged in the vicinity of the charging section with the process of continuously charging the processing object from the charging section of the furnace body preheated to ℃ or higher The process of continuously supplying oxygen to the furnace body, the process of transporting the charged workpiece to the discharge section, and the amount of oxygen of the workpiece to be supplied to the preheated furnace body By maintaining the furnace temperature by appropriate combustion and dry distillation that is insufficient for the theoretical oxygen content. Since it has a self-burning carbonization process that simultaneously performs carbonization of the material to be treated, it uses plastic waste and organic waste and reliably and continuously achieves high yields without increasing costs. Can produce carbonaceous products.

  In addition, as the workpiece to be supplied to the preheated furnace body moves to the discharge section side in the conveyance path, the combustion area on the upstream side and the oxygen-free carbonization area on the rear stage are moved in the furnace body as the oxygen concentration decreases. Since the carbon material is generated by forming the carbonaceous material, the carbon dioxide in the waste or the material to be treated made of the raw material of the waste that is hard to be carbonized can be subjected to dry distillation treatment in an oxygen-free period for a sufficient time. Carbide products can be manufactured reliably.

  Moreover, while preheating temperature is 300 degreeC-1100 degreeC, while performing carbonization carbonization reliably, while maintaining carbon | charcoal material collection | recovery efficiency, it can prevent an operating cost becoming high.

  In addition, the amount of oxygen supplied to the furnace body is 0.4 to 0.7 in terms of the oxygen ratio to the workpiece to be charged, so that no external heating is required and the furnace body temperature is maintained with minimal combustion. In addition, the carbonized carbon material can be efficiently formed as an amount of oxygen necessary and sufficient for forming a dry distillation state for carbonization.

  Moreover, since it is the structure which forms an activated carbon material by forming the conveyance process in a dry distillation area | region long, activated carbon can also be acquired in addition to a carbon material.

  Further, according to the waste carbonization apparatus of the present invention, the object to be treated is heated to several hundred degrees Celsius or higher in advance, the inside is closed, and the one end closed wall side has a workpiece input portion and the other end side is opened. A semi-open type furnace body having a discharge section, a transport section for transporting an object put into the furnace body from the input section to the discharge section, and on the same side as the input section and in the vicinity of the input section And an oxygen supply unit that supplies oxygen into the furnace body, and the material to be treated that is put into the furnace body crushes plastic waste and organic waste, and mixes, compresses, and heats them. The oxygen supply unit is an oxygen supply unit that supplies an amount of oxygen that is less than the theoretical oxygen amount of the total amount of solids charged from the charging unit, and the furnace body is a workpiece to be charged. As well as receiving oxygen supply and maintaining the furnace body temperature by combustion, Because it is configured to carbonize the material to be processed by dry distillation with insufficient oxygen content, plastic waste and organic waste can be used reliably and continuously without cost increase using existing rotary kilns. Carbonaceous products can be produced with high yield.

It is a flowchart figure of the process of the carbonization processing method of the waste of this invention. FIG. 2 is a conceptual equipment configuration and process explanatory diagram of crushing, mixing, compression, and heating processes of plastic waste as an object to be processed and organic waste in the process of FIG. 1. It is a cross-sectional explanatory drawing of the compression and heating apparatus of FIG. It is a plane explanatory view of the mixed solid formed by the compression and heating device of FIG. It is schematic structure explanatory drawing of the carbonization furnace in the process of FIG. It is action | operation explanatory drawing in the carbonization furnace of FIG. It is a flowchart figure of the more detailed process of the carbonization processing method of the waste of FIG. It is a raw material composition table | surface of the to-be-processed article of an Example. It is a table | surface which shows the yield of the carbide | carbonized_material performed using the to-be-processed article of the Example of FIG.

  Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The present invention is a waste carbonization method and a waste carbonization apparatus for continuously producing a carbonaceous product using a carbonization furnace having a simple apparatus configuration to be processed from a waste subjected to a required physical treatment. First, the wastes to be treated are subjected to the required physical treatment of plastic waste P (hereinafter also referred to as “P material”) and organic waste Y (hereinafter also referred to as “Y material”). Configured.

  Here, the plastic waste includes plastic waste due to shredder dust and waste plastic. Shredder dust is plastic waste that is discarded as industrial waste after crushing waste home appliances and waste cars with industrial shredder and collecting metal, etc. Also, as waste plastic, plastic raw material production factory and plastic There are plastic waste as waste generated from production and processing loss of products and general waste from general households and offices. Specifically, these include all solid and liquid synthetic polymer compounds such as synthetic resin waste, synthetic fiber waste, and synthetic rubber waste (including waste tires). These plastic wastes after sorting are mostly polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polystyrenes, and polyvinyl chloride, which contain carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen as their component composition, and are melted by heating at about 200 ° C. It has caking properties in the molten state.

  On the other hand, organic waste includes wooden waste such as construction or construction waste, thinned wood, food and beverage waste in food and beverage manufacturing, agricultural and livestock waste, food residue, and general municipal waste. However, in the production of charcoal products, it is generated from wooden waste such as construction or construction waste, thinned wood, coconut husk, rice husk, okara, shochu residue, other wood products, textile products, municipal sewage, etc. Sewage sludge, paper sludge and the like containing organic sludge are preferred. Among organic wastes, those that contain a lot of moisture are those that have been subjected to a pre-dehydration treatment with a moisture content of about 20% by a filter press, a mechanical press, a drier, or the like. In sewage sludge, dehydrated sludge that has been dehydrated in advance becomes an organic waste material, that is, a material to be treated. The papermaking sludge is sludge discharged in the papermaking manufacturing process. Like the sewage sludge, the high water content can be dehydrated.

  Plastic wastes and organic wastes are crushed, mixed, and further compressed and heated to form a solid material for carbonization. FIG. 2 shows an outline of an apparatus for performing processing in the crushing, mixing, compression, and heating processes of plastic waste and organic waste according to the embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. The P raw material and the Y raw material are mixed and crushed substantially simultaneously, and the P raw material and the Y raw material are compressed and molded substantially simultaneously by the compression molding machine 30, respectively. The crushing and mixing machine 20 is, for example, a bowl-shaped mixing and crushing device including a fixed tooth and a rotating tooth that rotates about a vertical axis at a position facing the fixed tooth, and the plastic waste (P raw material) from the hopper 22. And organic waste (Y raw material) are charged simultaneously. Plastic waste is roughly crushed to a size of, for example, 500 mm x 500 mm or less through a plurality of screens, and further pulverized by a rotary crushing device that crushes more finely while passing between fixed teeth and rotating teeth. The crushing and mixing machine 20 is charged from the hopper 22. In addition, organic waste that has been dehydrated in advance by a dehydrating device such as a press device is fed from the hopper 22 into the crushing and mixing machine 20. From the point of view that organic waste has a higher carbon composition ratio of product carbonaceous material, the quantitative relationship between the P raw material and the Y raw material is at least 50:50 by weight ratio, and then 40:60 or 30:70. In addition, it is advantageous to increase the input amount of organic waste. Plastic waste and organic waste are crushed, compressed and heated in a mixed state to produce a solid agglomerated solid by melting organic waste Y raw material. Yes, crushing and mixing forms are arbitrary. For example, the crushing process by various crushing apparatuses may be performed for each material, and the mixing process may be performed by mixing them with a mixing apparatus, or both materials may be simultaneously added to the crushing apparatus and mixed simultaneously with crushing. You may make it perform a process. Specifically, it is not necessary to distinguish between the crushing and mixing steps, and any processing that can substantially crush the raw materials and mix them can be used. Similarly, with regard to compression and heating, the apparatus configuration, the order of compression and heating, a specific method of charging, etc. can be arbitrarily performed as long as these processes are substantially carried out.

  In the crushing mixer 20 as the secondary crusher, the plastic waste and the organic waste are sufficiently mixed and crushed, and the mixture is obtained, for example, having a size of 50 mm × 50 mm or less. Then, the P and Y raw material mixture processed by the crushing and mixing machine 20 is transported by the transporting means 24 such as a transporting conveyor and is put into the compression molding machine 30 from the hopper 32. As one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the compression molding machine 30 is composed of a screw feeder device having biaxial screws that rotate in reverse to each other, and P and Y raw materials charged between the screws 26 are The P and Y raw material mixture, which is fed in the axial direction while being compressed and further heated by the heater 34 installed in the middle of the molding machine and heated to 200 ° C. or more, includes plastic waste (P raw material). It melts and integrates and solidifies the organic waste (Y raw material) while bonding the pieces. In the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4 (a), the solid material thus formed becomes an indeterminate (or flaky) solid material 10, which is an object to be processed that is put into a carbonization furnace described later. In addition, the solid matter as the workpiece to be charged into the carbonization furnace is not limited to an indefinite shape, but is a cylinder as shown in FIGS. 4B and 4C according to the apparatus configuration in the compression molding process. It can be of any shape such as a shape or a rectangular parallelepiped plate shape. In addition, when producing solids as treated materials from plastic waste and organic waste, if the organic waste is high in water content such as shochu, coconut shell, etc., mixing, Dehydration or drying is performed in advance before the compression and heating process.

  FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a waste carbonization method according to the present invention. In the figure, the waste carbonization method is a method of treating a solid material as an object to be processed from plastic waste and organic waste. Step S1 to be manufactured, Step S2 for preheating the furnace body to 300 ° C. or higher, Step S3 for continuously charging the workpiece into the furnace body preheated to 300 ° C. or higher, and the total amount of solids in the vicinity of the input section A step S4 for continuously supplying oxygen below the theoretical oxygen amount into the furnace body, a step S5 for transporting the charged object to be discharged from the charging unit to the discharging unit, and a self-burning carbonization step S6. In the self-burning carbonization step S6, the furnace body temperature is maintained by combustion in accordance with the amount of oxygen supplied to the preheated furnace body, and the object to be processed is carbonized by dry distillation insufficient for the theoretical oxygen amount. .

  FIG. 5 shows a carbonization apparatus according to an embodiment for realizing the above-described steps S1 to S6. In the figure, the carbonization apparatus 50 includes a furnace body 52, a heating unit 54, and an input part for an object to be processed. 56, an oxygen supply unit 58 for supplying an oxygen amount less than the theoretical oxygen amount of the total amount of solids to be charged, a workpiece transport unit 60, and a carbonized material generating unit 62.

  In FIG. 5, in the embodiment, the carbonization apparatus has a rotary kiln configuration similar to a rotary kiln, and includes a hollow cylindrical furnace body 52 having one end closed by a closing wall 521 and the other end opened. The furnace body 52 is composed of, for example, a hollow rotating cylindrical tube having a diameter of 1 to 2 m and a length of about 2 m or more, the outer periphery of which is formed of carbon steel having a thickness of 15 to 30 mm, and the inside thereof is lined with refractory bricks. . A drive receiving gear 64 and an iron tire member 66 are attached to the outer side of the body of the furnace body, and the entire furnace body is rotated at an extremely low speed around the cylindrical axis by a drive device 68 and a support device 70, respectively. The closing wall 521 is connected with a charging device 566 including a chute 562 for inputting a workpiece, a continuous open / close damper 563, and a charging hopper 564. In the embodiment, the charging chute 562 is formed as a bowl-like chute that is long in one direction, and is communicated with the interior of the furnace body through an opening provided on the lower side of the closing wall 521 at an obliquely descending tip, and P, The solid material 10 of the Y raw material is dropped on the bottom of the furnace body at a position close to the closed wall 521. The workpiece input unit 56 includes an input device 566. The closing wall 521 is provided with a heating part 54 for preheating the furnace body. In the embodiment, a burner as the heating unit 54 for heating the furnace body is attached so as to blow a flame into the furnace body. For example, heavy oil or gas is used as the burner fuel, and the inside of the furnace body can be heated to several hundred to 1000 ° C. or more by the flame. The heating unit 54 preheats the furnace body to several hundred degrees Celsius or higher in advance to put the workpiece into the furnace body for carbonization of the workpiece, and raises the furnace temperature to several hundred degrees Celsius or higher. When the rise is completed, the heating is stopped when the workpiece is introduced, and thereafter the furnace temperature is maintained at the temperature due to the combustion of the workpiece.

  Further, an oxygen supply unit 58 is installed in the vicinity of the charging unit 56. The oxygen supply unit 58 is a part that continuously supplies oxygen less than the theoretical oxygen amount of the total amount of solids charged in the vicinity of the input unit 56 together with input of the workpiece into the furnace body 52, In the form, it is installed at a position slightly above the closed wall 521 to supply a necessary amount of oxygen into the furnace body. That is, the theoretical oxygen amount required for combustion is calculated by elemental analysis according to the type of workpiece to be charged, and oxygen less than the calculated theoretical total oxygen amount is continuously supplied into the furnace. . The oxygen supply unit 58 is provided with a discharge amount adjusting mechanism using a control valve (not shown). Oxygen AR is blown out in a diffused manner at the discharge port position (see FIG. 6) and blown out so as to diffuse from the discharge position to the surroundings. In this case, for example, a baffle plate or the like is preferably installed at the front outlet separation position, or a blowout configuration from a perforated plate or a multi-directional air outlet is preferable. Instead of oxygen supplied from the oxygen supply unit 58, air in the furnace body may be supplied to use oxygen in the air. In this case, an air amount corresponding to the theoretical oxygen amount for combustion is calculated, and an air amount less than that is supplied into the furnace body. For example, oxygen of about 50% of the theoretical oxygen amount from the oxygen supply unit 58 is continuously supplied to the furnace body until the carbonization of the object to be processed is completed. In the combustion region 101, the workpiece is burned.

  The conveyance unit 60 is a conveyance unit that conveys the workpiece 10 charged into the furnace body from the input unit 56 toward the discharge unit 74. In the embodiment, the conveyance unit 60, the drive receiving gear 64, It is formed of a rotary kiln comprising a cylindrical furnace body 52 (see FIGS. 5 and 6) having a gear fixed to the outer periphery and having an axis slightly inclined toward the discharge portion side. By rotating the furnace body 52 at a low speed around the cylindrical axis with the driving force of the driving device 68, the workpiece 10 thrown into the furnace body is conveyed toward the discharge portion 74. The amorphous solid 10 that is the object to be processed while being conveyed is burned by forming a combustion region 101 in the preceding stage of the furnace body containing oxygen, and the temperature of the furnace body is maintained by the combustion heat, and at the discharge part 74 side. As the oxygen concentration decreases and the high temperature is maintained in an oxygen-free state, a dry distillation region 102 is formed, and the raw material is fired and carbonized while only the volatile components in the solid are volatilized.

  In FIG. 5, an exhaust gas treatment unit 78 is connected in communication with a discharge opening 76 of a discharge unit 74, which is an end facing the charging unit 56 of the furnace body 52, and the carbonized material generated in the furnace body is recovered. The unit 80 is connected. The exhaust gas treatment unit 78 is a treatment facility for waste gas generated by carbonization in the furnace body. For example, an exhaust gas combustion unit that induces and burns gas components from the furnace body 52 and a quenching unit that quenches the combustion gas. And a powder separator such as a cyclone, and collects residual ash that is not incinerated. Further, the carbonized material recovery unit 80 recovers the carbonaceous material as a product through the carbonized material cooling unit or the like.

  Next, the carbonization treatment method for waste according to the embodiment will be described based on FIGS. 2 to 4, 6, and 7. First, the P raw material that is plastic waste is, for example, by two-stage screen treatment (J1). For example, the particles having an average particle diameter of 500 mm × 500 mm to 30 mm × 30 mm are roughly selected and further crushed finely while passing between the fixed teeth and the rotating teeth by the rotary crushing apparatus, and the primary crushing process (J2) is performed. . The P raw material discharged from the rotary crushing apparatus is transported by a transport conveyor or the like, and during this time, magnetic metal components such as iron products are removed by a suspended magnetic separator (J3). Then, the P raw material from which the magnetic metal component has been removed is fed into the crushing and mixing machine 20, and at the same time, the organic waste Y raw material is put into this crushing and mixing machine 20. While stirring, the raw material for primary crushing is secondarily crushed and further finely crushed and mixed (J4). Then, the raw material processed by the crushing and mixing machine 20 is put into a compression molding machine 30 having a screw feeder configuration, for example, and further heated by a heating means to be compressed, heated and molded (J5), and has a size of about 50 mm square. An agglomerated solid is obtained. In this case, for example, when the organic waste Y includes waste having a high water content such as shochu residue, the water content of about 20% in advance by drying or pressing may be used alone or in a coconut shell or rice husk. It is put into the secondary crushing process together with other organic waste such as construction wood waste. The plastic waste P raw material charged into the crushing and mixing machine 20 is melted at about 200 ° C. or more by receiving compression heat and heating, and is integrated as a binder for the organic waste Y raw material to be crushed at this time. As shown above, an indeterminate or shaped solid 10 (see FIG. 4) is generated, and this is the object to be processed in the apparatus furnace body 52. In addition, as an example of the fixed solid, for example, there is a cylindrical fixed solid having a diameter of 30 mm and a length of approximately 50 mm.

  On the other hand, prior to charging the furnace body of the object to be processed, the furnace body itself is preheated to 300 ° C. or higher in advance (J6). The material to be treated includes various carbon material materials, and the temperature in the furnace, the treatment time, and the carbonization conditions such as the mixed state with oxygen (air) fluctuate. Therefore, the furnace temperature is 300 ° C. to 1100. A preheating temperature of ℃ is good. The temperature lower than 300 ° C. is a lower limit temperature for carbonization of carbonized carbon, and if the temperature is lower than that, the carbonaceous material recovery efficiency by carbonization is inferior. This is because increasing the operating cost of the apparatus only increases, and it is considered that up to about 1100 ° C. is sufficient for maintaining a low level of the carbonaceous product cost.

  Next, in the preheated state in the furnace body, the solid material 10 as the object to be processed is supplied from the charging unit 56 into the furnace body (J7). As shown in FIG. 6, the object to be processed as the solid material 10 is stably dropped from the charging opening onto the furnace body bottom wall near the one end closing wall 521 of the furnace body. Therefore, it is gently dropped on the inner peripheral wall of the rotationally driven furnace body at a substantially constant drop position with a substantially constant drop amount.

  Further, along with the introduction of the solid material 10, oxygen less than the theoretical oxygen amount of the total amount of solid material is supplied from the oxygen supply unit 58 into the furnace body 52, and the supply is continuously maintained (J8). The amount of oxygen supplied to the furnace body is the temperature due to heat release after preheating of the furnace body and temperature rise to the preheating temperature of the input material (endothermic reaction) based on the theoretical oxygen amount of the total amount of solids charged per hour The amount of oxidation combustion for compensation is also determined in consideration. According to the experiment, when the combustion efficiency is 80%, the oxygen ratio (actual oxygen amount / theoretical oxygen amount) (in the case of the air ratio (actual air amount / theoretical air amount)) is 0.4 to 0.7. preferable. Therefore, conversely, it may be designed so as to input an amount of material to be processed corresponding to this.

  And the to-be-processed solid substance thrown into the furnace body is conveyed and moved at low speed toward the axial direction by the low-speed rotation around the axis of the furnace body (J9).

  In FIG. 6, the solid material 10 charged into the furnace body is suddenly placed in a temperature space of about 600 ° C., for example, and as shown by the temperature curve T, it is rapidly heated, for example, a plastic system in the solid material at about 200 ° C. The raw material begins to burn, and at this time, the volatile matter is vaporized and the inside of the furnace is heated by high combustion energy. When the temperature is further increased to about 300 ° C. or higher, organic waste starts to burn and these volatile components are gasified. As the temperature rises further, vaporization of volatile components in the solid progresses. On the other hand, since the oxygen supplied from the oxygen supply unit 58 is suppressed to the theoretical oxygen amount or less, for example, when the oxygen ratio is 0.5, the temperature is simply increased immediately after the workpiece is put into the furnace. During this time, half of the solids to be treated are combusted, and the other half are dry-distilled at an oxygen-free high temperature and carbonized. During this time, the solid matter to be processed simultaneously moves at a low speed in the direction of the discharge portion. And when a solid substance is heated to 600 degreeC as preheating temperature Ta, according to the kind, mixing | blending etc. of the raw material of a to-be-processed solid substance, a carbon material is produced | generated (J10) and what can be used as a carbon material product. Collected. As a result, the temperature in the furnace is maintained at a substantially preheated temperature by the combustion heat while continuously supplying the object to be processed, and at the same time, the object to be processed by dry distillation generated with an oxygen amount insufficient to the theoretical oxygen amount is carbonized to perform self-burning carbonization. It will be.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the workpiece 10 supplied to the preheated furnace body 52 is moved to the discharge section 74 side in the transport path in the furnace body, and the combustion region 101 on the upstream side and the downstream side in the furnace body are moved. By forming the oxygen-free carbonization region 102 as the oxygen concentration decreases, the carbonization material is generated with a longer carbonization time. That is, the solid material 10 in the furnace body forms, for example, a combustion region 101 in the front stage of the furnace body including a time zone for heating the solid material up to 600 ° C., and accounts for 40% to 70% of the input amount in the solid material. It burns, and a dry distillation region 102 is formed at a high temperature in an oxygen-free state at a later stage in the furnace. That is, when the oxygen ratio is 0.5, half of the workpiece to be burned with the amount of oxygen charged in the front stage of the furnace is combusted and gasified or ashed, and the other half is maintained in the rear stage of the furnace body while maintaining the heating temperature. To the side. In the latter part of the furnace body, the remaining solid material that has been transported is steamed at an oxygen-free high temperature and carbonized to produce a carbonaceous material (J10). The oxygen supplied in the oxygen supply part 58 is blown out so as to diffuse at the discharge part position, and is supplied so as to remain only in the front stage part of the furnace body, and is distributed so as to naturally spread in the front stage part, while being burned. It is considered that the fluid slightly flows in the direction of the discharge portion 74 that is the open side of the semi-open type due to the expansion. During this time, the object to be processed is burned in the front stage, and therefore, the oxygen concentration is always relatively high in the front stage of the furnace body and exhibits a concentration gradient L that becomes lean toward the rear stage. As a result, the carbonized material is stably continuously produced in the furnace body by continuously supplying the object to be treated and oxygen below the required amount. The produced carbonized carbon material is taken out from the discharge opening 76 of the discharge unit, and a carbon material product is obtained through a cooling process (J11) by a cooler and a screen process (J12) for incineration ash separation.

  The quality of the carbonaceous material depends on the carbonization time corresponding to the process length of the carbonization region 102. If the carbonization time is short, the carbonaceous product yield is poor, and if it is too long, the production efficiency is wasted. It is good to set the carbonization time. In addition, when dry distillation time is long, activated carbon can be produced | generated by the activation effect. Therefore, when actively obtaining activated carbon, it is preferable to provide the oxygen-free dry distillation region 102 on the rear stage side of the furnace body, further increase the length of the transfer path, and increase the transfer process.

  Carbonization experiments were conducted on the waste materials in multiple sections, which had been subjected to composition analysis of the raw materials in advance, and an experiment was conducted to examine the yield of the carbonaceous material. In the raw material composition table of FIG. 8, the P raw material of plastic waste is shredder dust and waste plastic, and the Y raw material of organic waste is shochu (dehydrated cake), okara, coconut shell, tree bark, rice husk Was used. For shochu (dehydrated cake), okara, coconut shell, and rice husk, measurement analysis was performed twice. Here, the shredder dust is dust (cloth, fiber, plastic, synthetic resin, rubber, sponge, etc.) other than iron scrap generated when crushing used automobiles and other iron scraps. Waste plastic is plastic waste (mainly containers and bags, sheets) obtained from household waste discharged from households. For shochu, we used a shochu stock solution with a water content of about 60% using a press, and okara. Coconut shells are coconut shells that are sold in the country for juice, and are uncrushed and undried in their original form. Tree bark is waste from forestry and rice husks are sold. Both industrial analysis and elemental analysis values are based on the analysis results of the analysis organization. Moisture and ash are measured with a moisture meter and an ash meter of an analysis organization. Volatile content is determined by JIS-M-8812 analysis method / coal and coke industrial analysis method of the analysis organization. H (hydrogen), C (carbon), and N (nitrogen) are determined by burning a small amount of sample (1.5 mg to 2 mg) in a furnace at 900 ° C. to 1000 ° C. to determine the weight% of each element in the sample. It depends on the analytical method.

  FIG. 9 shows the yield obtained by conducting a carbonization furnace test on a raw material having the composition of FIG. 8 using a ceramic electric tubular furnace (manufactured by Asahi Rika Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) (type: ARF-50 (M)). ing. Experiments with multiple zones are conducted for each raw material. The numerical values are shown only for the completed experiment. The test conditions are as follows. ◇ Oxygen supply amount 0m3 / min (oxygen-free state). The heat source is not oxidized and burned by electric heat supplied from a power source. ◇ Nitrogen for discharging vaporized gas 100ml / min. ◇ Tube furnace temperature condition Temperature rising rate 10 ° C / min (60 min up to 600 ° C, 90 min up to 900 ° C), residence time 600 ° C or 900 ° C, 0 min or 60 min, respectively. ◇ The sample is left stationary in the ceramic electric tube furnace and does not move in the axial direction. ◇ In FIG. 9, the residence time is 0 minutes and the meanings of 300 ° C., 450 ° C., 600 ° C., and 900 ° C. are respectively raised to 300 ° C., 450 ° C., 600 ° C., and 900 ° C. After reaching the target temperature, it is cooled to about 100 ° C. and taken out of the furnace, and the yield of the carbide at that time is described. Also, the meaning of 600 ° C., 700 ° C., and 900 ° C. with a residence time of 60 minutes means that the temperature was raised to 600 ° C., 700 ° C., and 900 ° C., respectively, after the workpiece was charged, and the temperature was further maintained for 60 minutes. Then, it cools to about 100 degreeC and takes out out of a furnace, and those carbide | carbonized_material yields are shown. Rice husk + shochu liquor (undried product), okara, shochu, coconut husk etc. are in a condition where there is no oxygen supply, but 300 ° C. (30 minutes), 450 ° C. (45 minutes), 600 ° C. (60 It was confirmed that a certain yield could be secured when the temperature was raised to 900 ° C. (90 minutes). In addition, it was confirmed that substantially the same yield could be obtained even when the temperature was maintained at a constant temperature. In addition, when securing a residence time of 60 minutes with okara, shochu, coconut husk, etc., the carbon yield is specified to decrease at 900 ° C. rather than 600 ° C., but these have micropores due to partial reaction of carbon. It is thought that it was produced and activated, and activated carbon is considered to be produced.

  The waste carbonization method and the carbonization apparatus of the present invention described above are not limited to the above-described embodiments, but are arbitrary as long as they do not depart from the essence of the invention described in the claims. Modifications are also included in the present invention. For example, plastic waste is not limited to plastic waste and waste plastic due to shredder dust, and all plastic waste as other waste can be used as a raw material. Further, the organic waste includes all organic wastes that can be used as raw materials, regardless of whether they are dehydrated or non-dehydrated.

  The carbonization treatment method and carbonization apparatus for waste according to the present invention can effectively use plastic waste and general waste for which disposal itself is charged for industrial waste and general waste, and in the field of manufacturing carbonaceous products. New business creation can be expected.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Amorphous solid 20 Crushing and mixing machine 24 Conveyance means 30 Compression molding machine 50 Carbonization apparatus 52 Furnace body 54 Heating part 56 Input part of to-be-processed object 58 Oxygen supply part 60 Conveyance part 62 Charcoal production part 74 Discharge part 101 Combustion area 102 Carbonization region 521 Closed wall 566 Input device P raw material Plastic waste Y raw material Organic waste L Concentration gradient Ta Preheating temperature

Claims (6)

Crushing plastic waste and organic waste, respectively, and mixing, compressing, and heating them to produce solids as processed materials;
A step of preheating a semi-opened furnace body to 300 ° C. or more having an input portion of an object to be processed on the closed wall side with the inside closed and a discharge portion of the object to be processed open on the other end side;
A step of continuously charging a workpiece from a charging portion of a furnace body preheated to 300 ° C. or higher;
A step of continuously supplying oxygen below the theoretical oxygen amount of the total amount of solids to be charged in the vicinity of the charging unit together with charging of the workpiece into the furnace;
A process of transporting the input workpiece to be discharged from the input section to the discharge section;
A self-burning carbonization step of simultaneously maintaining the furnace temperature by combustion according to the amount of oxygen of the workpiece to be supplied to the preheated furnace body and carbonizing the workpiece by dry distillation insufficient for the theoretical oxygen amount; A carbonization treatment method for waste, comprising:   While the workpiece to be supplied to the preheated furnace body is moved to the discharge section on the conveyance path, a combustion area on the upstream side and an oxygen-free dry distillation area on the rear stage are formed in the furnace body as the oxygen concentration decreases. 2. The carbonization treatment method for waste according to claim 1, wherein the carbonaceous material is produced.   The waste carbonization method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the preheating temperature is 300 ° C to 1100 ° C.   The waste carbonization according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the amount of oxygen supplied into the furnace body is 0.4 to 0.7 in terms of an oxygen ratio with respect to an object to be treated. Processing method.   5. The carbonization method according to claim 1, wherein the activated carbon material is formed by forming a conveying process in the dry distillation region long. A semi-open type furnace body that has been heated to several hundred degrees Celsius or more in advance, has a discharge portion of a portion to be processed that is closed inside and has an input portion of an object to be processed on one closed wall side, and the other end side opened,
A transport unit that transports the workpieces that have been put into the furnace body from the input unit to the discharge unit;
An oxygen supply unit provided on the same side as the charging unit and in the vicinity of the charging unit and supplying oxygen into the furnace body,
The material to be treated that is put into the furnace body is made of solid material that is made by crushing, mixing, compressing, and heating plastic waste and organic waste.
The oxygen supply unit is an oxygen supply unit that supplies an oxygen amount less than the theoretical oxygen amount of the total amount of solids charged from the input unit,
The furnace body receives waste to be treated and receives oxygen supply to maintain the furnace body temperature by combustion, and carbonizes the waste to be treated by dry distillation in which the theoretical oxygen amount is insufficient. Carbonization equipment.

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