JP2001200266A - Continuous carbonization device for solid waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a continuous carbonization device for solid wastes wherein the contact between air or combustion gas and a raw material is improved, the carbonization efficiency is improved, the device is made compact, and partial combustion and carbonization are stably conducted. SOLUTION: The entire rotary kiln 1 except for the parts near both ends is a ventilation part 2 wherein numerous vent holes are formed. A tubular outer body 8 is established at the outer periphery of the ventilation part 2 of the rotary kiln 1 while leaving a small gap. On the lower surface of the outer body 8, an air-supplying wind box 9 for sending air or the combustion gas into the rotary kiln 1 is established. On the upper surface of the outer body 8, an exhaust wind box 10 for exhausting carbonization gas, etc., is established. An air-supplying aperture 11 and an exhaust aperture 12 are established on the air-supplying wind box 9 and the exhaust wind box 10, respectively. A hot wind is introduced into the rotary kiln 1 through the ventilation part 2 via the air-supplying wind box 9 from the air-supplying aperture 11, and the introduction of the solid waste 22 is initiated. The solid waste 22 is efficiently brought into contact with the air sent from the ventilation part 2 to promote its combustion and carbonization.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a technology for recycling waste such as municipal solid waste or construction waste, and more particularly to a continuous solid waste carbonizing apparatus for carbonizing or activated carbonizing various solid wastes. .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a rotary kiln-type apparatus has been used as a continuous carbonization apparatus. 14 and 15 show an example of a conventional kiln type continuous carbonizing apparatus.

The continuous carbonization apparatus shown in FIG. 14 uses an internally heated kiln. In this continuous carbonization apparatus, raw materials are introduced from the inlet (left end in the figure) of the rotary kiln 41 and are conveyed to the outlet (right end in the figure) as the rotary kiln 41 rotates. For high calorie raw materials such as dried wood, air is supplied from the inlet to partially ignite the wood and carbonize it. For a low-calorie raw material containing a large amount of water, a burner is applied from the inlet to feed high-temperature combustion gas to perform carbonization.

The continuous carbonization apparatus shown in FIG. 15 uses an externally heated kiln. In this continuous carbonization apparatus, raw materials are introduced from the inlet (left end in the figure) of the rotary kiln 42 and are conveyed to the outlet (right end in the figure) as the rotary kiln 42 rotates. The input raw material moves inside the kiln, but at this time, it is heated from the inner wall of the rotary kiln 42 by the heat source gas supplied into the outer tube 43 provided outside the rotary kiln 42, and a part of the raw material is burned. And carbonized.

[0005]

However, the above-mentioned conventional continuous carbonizing apparatus has various problems. That is, the continuous carbonization apparatus using an internal heat type kiln as shown in FIG. 14 has a simple mechanism, but since air or a combustion gas and the raw material contact only on the upper surface of the raw material, It was inefficient. That is, the carbonization furnace volume per unit amount is large, which is disadvantageous in terms of equipment cost and installation space. In addition, since the contact between the air and the raw material was insufficient, the reactions of partial combustion and carbonization gasification were unstable. Furthermore, the operation of the amount of incoming air or the amount of incoming combustion gas can be adjusted only at the entrance of the kiln, making the operation cumbersome.

In a continuous carbonization apparatus using an externally heated kiln as shown in FIG. 15, a high calorie carbonized gas is generated because the heat source gas and the carbonized gas are not mixed. However, as in the case of a continuous carbonization apparatus using an internally heated kiln, the volume of the carbonization furnace per unit amount is large, which is disadvantageous in terms of equipment cost and installation space.

The present invention solves the above problems, improves the contact between air or combustion gas and a raw material, improves the efficiency of carbonization, and achieves a compact apparatus. It is an object of the present invention to provide a continuous solid waste carbonization apparatus capable of performing stable partial combustion and carbonization.

[0008]

Means for Solving the Problems To achieve the above object, the present inventor has studied diligently about the contact between the raw material and the air or combustion gas fed into the rotary kiln, and has made the rotary kiln air permeable. With the structure, it has been found that the contact between the feed air or the combustion gas and the raw material is improved by passing the air or the combustion gas through the kiln wall from the lower side of the kiln, thereby completing the present invention. It is.

That is, in the continuous solid waste carbonizing apparatus of the present invention, a rotary kiln, a ventilation section having a large number of ventilation holes formed in the rotary kiln, and transporting the raw material from the inlet to the outlet in the rotary kiln. Raw material transfer means, an outer shell provided with a slight gap from the outer surface of the ventilation section on the outer periphery of the ventilation section of the rotary kiln, an air supply wind box provided on the lower surface side of the outer shell, Exhaust means for exhausting gas, and introducing air or combustion gas from the lower surface side into the rotary kiln by supplying air or combustion gas to the air supply wind box, and introducing the air or combustion gas into the rotary kiln. A part of the raw material charged by the oxygen is burned, and the other part is carbonized by dry distillation. In the continuous solid waste carbonization apparatus of the present invention, by sending air or combustion gas to the air supply air box, the air or combustion gas enters the rotary kiln from the lower surface side through the ventilation hole of the ventilation section, It will pass between the raw materials. Therefore, the contact between the raw material and the air or the combustion gas is good, the carbonization is efficiently performed, and the partial combustion can be stabilized.

[0010]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In the present invention, a rotary kiln is provided with a ventilation portion having a large number of ventilation holes. The ventilation section is for introducing air or combustion gas (hereinafter, referred to as air, etc.) from the lower surface side of the rotary kiln. The ventilation part may be divided into a plurality in the longitudinal direction of the rotary kiln and may be formed in a plurality (there are also provided a plurality of air supply air boxes),
By forming a plurality in this way, the amount and direction of air and the like in each ventilation section can be adjusted to a suitable state. In the second and subsequent ventilation sections, the supply of air or the like may be performed from the upper surface side of the ventilation section. By supplying the air or the like from above, the combustible portion of the gas generated by the partial combustion of the raw material is reduced. It burns and the heat heats the carbide to promote carbonization.

The shape, size, arrangement, etc. of the ventilation holes are not particularly limited as long as they are smaller than the raw materials to be charged. For example, the shape may be a circle, a rectangle, or a slit. In addition, the ventilation portion is composed of a base material having structural strength and a perforated plate bonded to the base material, and a large number of ventilation holes are formed in the perforated plate, and a through hole larger than the ventilation hole is formed in the base material. Can be used. With such a double structure, even a rotary kiln having a large diameter can have sufficient strength. The shape, dimensions, arrangement, and the like of the through-holes formed in the base material are not particularly limited as long as sufficient strength is obtained.

The exhaust means is not particularly limited as long as it can exhaust the gas in the rotary kiln. The exhaust wind box is provided on the upper surface side of the outer shell, and the exhaust is performed by the exhaust wind box. An exhaust port may be provided at at least one of the inlet and the outlet (the structure provided at the inlet, the structure provided at the outlet, the structure provided at the inlet and the outlet), and the exhaust may be performed from the exhaust port. When an exhaust port is provided at at least one of the inlet and outlet of the rotary kiln, the carbonization gas is promoted by the residual heat of the carbonization gas and the amount of fixed carbon can be increased because the carbonization gas flows inside the rotary kiln.

[0013] A non-venting portion having no air permeability can be formed from the venting portion of the rotary kiln to the outlet side. By providing the non-venting portion continuously from the venting portion, the dry distillation gas and the carbide are conveyed in a state where the temperature is maintained while contacting the non-venting portion in the non-venting portion. As a result, high-quality coal with a high fixed carbon content can be obtained.

The raw material transfer means is a method using a screw,
Conventionally adopted means such as a method of inclining the rotary kiln itself can be used.

[0015]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A first embodiment (corresponding to claim 2) of a continuous solid waste carbonizing apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a continuous solid waste carbonizing apparatus cut parallel to the axis of the rotary kiln, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view cut perpendicular to the axis of the rotary kiln, and FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the rotary kiln. FIG. 4 is a partial perspective view of a punched metal plate forming the rotary kiln, FIG. 5 is a partial perspective view of a material forming another example of the rotary kiln, and FIG. 6 is a part of a material forming another example of the rotary kiln. It is a perspective view.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, reference numeral 1 denotes a rotary kiln, and a portion except for the vicinity of both ends of the rotary kiln 1 is a ventilation portion 2 having a large number of ventilation holes. End plates 3, 4 are provided at both ends of the rotary kiln 1,
The rotary kiln 1 is slidably and rotatably supported by these end plates 3 and 4. On the outlet side (right side in the figure) of the rotary kiln 1, a gear 5 is provided on the outer periphery. The gear 5 is connected to a motor 7 via a gear 6, and the rotary kiln 1 is driven by the motor 7. It is designed to rotate in a certain direction.

On the outer periphery of the ventilation section 2 of the rotary kiln 1,
A cylindrical outer shell 8 is provided with a small gap,
An air supply wind box 9 for feeding air or combustion gas into the rotary kiln 1 is provided on a lower surface side of the outer body 8, and a carbonization gas or the like is exhausted on an upper surface side of the outer body 8. The exhaust air box 10 is provided. Further, the air supply wind box 9 is provided with an air supply port 11 connected to a supply source (not shown) such as air, and the exhaust air box 10 has an exhaust port 12.
Is provided. Further, inside the rotary kiln 1, a screw 13 for transferring a raw material by rotation of the rotary kiln 1 is provided.

On the inlet side (left side in the figure) of the rotary kiln 1, a hopper 14 and feeding means 15 for feeding raw materials are provided. On the outlet side of the rotary kiln 1, a feeder 16 and a storage 17 for sending carbide are provided. Is provided.

When the rotary kiln 1 has a relatively small diameter, as shown in FIG. 3, the rotary kiln 1 has a cylindrical shape having a small diameter ventilation hole.
Are formed by a single punched metal plate 19 on which a large number of are formed. This punched metal plate 19 has a thickness t of 2 to 5 mm, a vent hole diameter D of 5 to 10 mm, and a pitch P of 1
It is configured in a range of about 0 to 20 mm.

When the rotary kiln 1 has a large diameter, the structure is as shown in FIG. 5 or FIG. FIG.
The rotary kiln 1 shown in FIG. 6 has a structure in which a base material 20 made of a thick plate for providing structural strength and a punched metal plate 19 as shown in FIG. A circular or slit-shaped through hole 21 larger than the hole 18 of the plate 19 is formed.
The base material 20 has a thickness t of 10 mm or more, a diameter D of 50 to 100 mm when the through hole is circular, and a length L on the short side of about 50 mm when the through hole is slit-shaped. Is done.

In the continuous solid waste carbonizing apparatus as described above, first, the motor 7 is driven to rotate the rotary kiln 1.
Is rotated, and hot air of 200 ° C. or more is introduced into the rotary kiln 1 from the air supply port 11 through the air supply wind box 9 through the ventilation unit 2 to warm the inside of the rotary kiln 1. At this time, the supplied air or the like is introduced into the rotary kiln 1 from the ventilation holes without escaping upward because the gap between the outer shell 8 and the ventilation portion 2 is narrow. Then, when the inside of the rotary kiln 1 approaches 200 ° C., the feeding means 15 is driven to start supplying the solid waste 22 as a raw material.

The supplied solid waste 22 is supplied to the screw 1
3, the air is gradually transferred to the outlet side. At this time, the air is efficiently brought into contact with the air sent from the ventilation section 2 to promote combustion and carbonization. The amount of air to be sent is determined by the carbonization temperature. When the carbonization temperature is about 450 ° C., the woody waste material can be operated at an air ratio of about 0.2. Further, once ignition is confirmed, there is no need to preheat the ventilation temperature thereafter, and stable continuous carbonization is possible by supplying cool air. The carbonized gas is sent into the exhaust wind box 10 through the ventilation section 2 and then discharged from the exhaust port 12.

The solid waste 22 is transported to the outlet side, discharged out of the furnace from the feeder 16 and sent to the storage 17. In the case where the solid waste 22 is a woody waste such as construction waste, a carbide is obtained at 15 to 20% based on the input weight. The fixed carbon content is about 80% or more.

A second embodiment (corresponding to claim 3) of the continuous solid waste carbonizing apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the continuous solid waste carbonization apparatus cut in parallel to the axis of the solid kiln, and FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the continuous solid waste carbonization apparatus cut in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the solid kiln.

In the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the outlet of the rotary kiln 1 (right side in the drawing)
3 are provided, and the exhaust port is not provided on the upper surface side of the outer body 8 as in the first embodiment.

In the second embodiment, since the carbonized gas passes through the inside of the rotary kiln 1 to the outlet side without being exhausted from the upper surface side of the rotary kiln 1, carbonization is promoted by the residual heat of the carbonized gas. be able to. In addition, the vents of the kiln are only for gas inflow, and do not form a passage when the carbonized gas containing dust and tar flows out, so that clogging of the holes can be prevented.

A third embodiment (corresponding to claim 4) of the continuous solid waste carbonizing apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the continuous solid waste carbonizing apparatus cut in parallel to the axis of the solid kiln, and FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the continuous solid waste carbonization apparatus cut in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the solid kiln.

The third embodiment shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 is similar to the non-venting portion having substantially the same length as the venting portion 2 but not having the air permeability at the outlet side (right side in the drawing) of the venting portion 2 of the rotary kiln 1. 24 are provided integrally, and an outlet 2 for the carbonization gas is provided on the outlet side.
5 are provided. That is, it has a partial combustion carbonization section and a stagnation section.

In the third embodiment, the dry distillation gas and the carbide are transported in the non-aerated section 24 while maintaining the temperature while contacting with the carbonized gas. Obtainable.

A fourth embodiment (corresponding to claim 5) of a continuous solid waste carbonizing apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the continuous solid waste carbonization apparatus cut in parallel to the axis of the solid kiln, FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the front-stage ventilation section cut perpendicular to the axis of the solid kiln, and FIG. 13 is a rear-stage ventilation section. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line perpendicular to the axis of the solid kiln in FIG.

In the fourth embodiment, the front side ventilation section 26
And a rear-stage ventilation portion 27, and the front-stage ventilation portion 26 is provided with an outer shell 28,
An air supply wind box 29 and an air supply port 30 are provided on the lower surface side of
The outer shell 31 is also provided in the rear side ventilation section 27,
An air supply wind box 32 and an air supply port 33 are provided on the upper surface side of the outer trunk 31. Further, an outlet 34 for the dry distillation gas is provided on the outlet side (right side in the figure) of the rotary kiln 1.

In the fourth embodiment, first, air or the like is supplied from the lower side in the front side ventilation section 26 to actively promote partial combustion of waste. The gas generated in the front side ventilation section 26 is sent to the rear side ventilation section 27 through the inside. Since air is supplied from the upper side to the rear-stage ventilation portion 27, the gas sent from the front-stage ventilation portion 26 is mixed with the air, and the combustible components are burned to generate heat. Therefore, the carbide in the latter side ventilation portion 26 is heated by this heat, and carbonization is promoted. That is, the obtained coal recovery rate can be improved by effectively utilizing the combustion heat of the generated gas by reducing the partial combustion of the waste as much as possible.

[0034]

According to the present invention, by providing a rotary kiln with a ventilation section, the contact between air and the like and the raw material can be improved, and partial combustion and carbonization can be performed efficiently. As a result, the size of the apparatus can be reduced. Can be planned. Moreover, partial combustion and carbonization can be performed stably.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a continuous solid waste carbonizing apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention, cut in parallel to an axis of a rotary kiln.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the first embodiment of the continuous solid waste carbonizing apparatus according to the present invention, which is cut perpendicular to the axis of the rotary kiln.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an example of a rotary kiln of the continuous solid waste carbonizing apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a partial perspective view of a punched metal plate constituting an example of a rotary kiln of the continuous solid waste carbonizing apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a partial perspective view of a material constituting another example of the rotary kiln of the continuous solid waste carbonizing apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a partial perspective view of a material constituting another example of the rotary kiln of the continuous solid waste carbonizing apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a second embodiment of the continuous solid waste carbonizing apparatus according to the present invention, which is cut in parallel to the axis of the rotary kiln.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a second embodiment of the continuous solid waste carbonizing apparatus according to the present invention, which is cut perpendicular to the axis of the rotary kiln.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of a continuous solid waste carbonizing apparatus according to the present invention, cut in parallel to an axis of a rotary kiln.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of a third embodiment of the continuous solid waste carbonizing apparatus according to the present invention, which is cut perpendicular to the axis of the rotary kiln.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a continuous solid waste carbonizing apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, cut in parallel to an axis of a rotary kiln.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a continuous solid waste carbonizing apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, which is cut perpendicularly to an axis of a rotary kiln at a front side ventilation section.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a continuous solid waste carbonizing apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, which is cut perpendicularly to an axis of a rotary kiln in a rear-side ventilation section.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional continuous solid waste carbonizing apparatus cut in parallel to an axis of a rotary kiln.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional continuous solid waste carbonizing apparatus cut in parallel to an axis of a rotary kiln.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Rotary kiln 2 ... Ventilation part 3 ... End plate 4 ... End plate 5 ... Gear 6 ... Gear 7 ... Motor 8 ... Outer trunk 9 ... Air supply wind box 10 ... Exhaust wind box 11 ... Air supply port 12 ... Exhaust port 13 ... Screw 14 ... Hopper 15 ... Sending means 18 ... Vent hole 23 ... Exhaust port 24 ... Non-ventilating section 25 ... Exhaust port 26 ... Front-stage ventilation section 27 ... Last-stage ventilation section 28 ... Front-stage outer body 29 ... Front-stage air supply Wind box 31 ... Rear side outer shell 32 ... Rear side air supply wind box

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) C10B 49/06 C10B 49/06 4K061 F23G 5/027 ZAB F23G 5/027 ZABZ 5/14 ZAB 5/14 ZABF 5/20 ZAB 5/20 ZABA F27B 7/08 F27B 7/08 7/14 7/14 7/34 7/34 7/36 7/36 F27D 17/00 104 F27D 17/00 104K F term (reference) 3K061 AA07 AB02 AC01 AC17 AC19 FA02 FA25 KA02 KA09 KA15 3K078 BA08 BA22 CA02 CA12 4D004 AA02 AA31 AA46 BA03 CA26 CB36 4H012 HA06 4K056 AA05 AA12 AA19 BA06 BB03 CA20 DB04 4K061 AA02 AA03 FA03 BA12 FA12

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A rotary kiln, a ventilation portion having a plurality of ventilation holes formed in the rotary kiln, a raw material transfer means for transporting a raw material from an inlet to an outlet in the rotary kiln, and an outer periphery of the ventilation portion of the rotary kiln. An outer shell provided with a slight gap from the outer surface of the ventilation section, an air supply air box provided on the lower surface side of the outer shell, and exhaust means for exhausting gas in the rotary kiln. By supplying air or combustion gas to the air box, air or combustion gas is introduced into the rotary kiln from the lower surface side, and a part of the supplied raw material is burned by the introduced air or oxygen in the combustion gas. A continuous solid waste carbonization apparatus characterized in that carbonization is continuously performed by dry-distilling the other parts. 2. A continuous solid waste carbonizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said exhaust means is an exhaust wind box provided on the upper surface side of the outer shell. 3. The continuous solid waste carbonization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust means is an exhaust port provided at at least one of an inlet and an outlet of the rotary kiln. 4. The continuity according to claim 1, wherein a non-breathable part having no air permeability is formed from a ventilation part of said rotary kiln to an outlet side, and said exhaust means is an exhaust port provided at an outlet of said rotary kiln. Solid waste carbonization equipment. 5. A rotary kiln, a front-stage ventilation portion and a rear-stage ventilation portion having a large number of voids formed in the rotary kiln, a raw material transfer means for transferring a raw material from the inlet to the outlet in the rotary kiln; A front outer shell and a rear outer shell provided with a slight gap from the outer surface of the ventilation section on the outer periphery of the side ventilation section and the rear side ventilation section, and air or combustion gas provided on the lower surface side of the front outer shell. A front air supply wind box for supplying air, a rear air supply wind box for supplying air provided on the upper surface side of the rear outer shell, and a gas provided at an outlet of the rotary kiln. An exhaust port for exhausting air, and in the front side ventilation section, air or combustion gas is introduced into the rotary kiln from the lower surface side by supplying air or combustion gas to the front side air supply wind box, and this introduced gas is introduced. Acid in air or combustion gas A part of the raw material supplied by the raw material is burned, and the other part is carbonized, and air is introduced into the rotary kiln from above by supplying air to the latter air supply box in the latter ventilation part. A continuous solid waste carbonization apparatus characterized in that a part of the combustible gas generated in the front side ventilation section is burned by the air to heat the transferred coal. 6. The ventilation part comprises a base material having structural strength, and a perforated plate bonded to the base material, wherein a large number of ventilation holes are formed in the perforated plate, and the base material is larger than the ventilation holes. The continuous solid waste carbonization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the through hole is formed.