JP2013218178A - Liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Abstract

A liquid crystal display device with good display quality is provided.
In an active area for displaying an image, a common electrode formed over a plurality of pixels, an insulating film covering the common electrode, and an electrode formed on each pixel on the insulating film and facing the common electrode. And a pixel substrate having slits formed therein, a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer held between the first substrate and the second substrate A conductive layer formed over the entire active area on the outer surface of the second substrate, an optical element including a polarizing plate disposed in the active area on the conductive layer, the conductive layer, and the optical layer. A conductive adhesive interposed between the element and bonding the conductive layer and the optical element; and an extension of the first substrate extending outward from an end of the second substrate. Ground potential When a liquid crystal display device characterized by comprising a connection member for electrically connecting the said conductive layer pads.
[Selection] Figure 5

Description

  Embodiments described herein relate generally to a liquid crystal display device.

  Liquid crystal display devices are utilized in various fields as display devices for OA equipment such as personal computers and televisions, taking advantage of features such as light weight, thinness, and low power consumption. In recent years, liquid crystal display devices are also used as mobile terminal devices such as mobile phones, display devices such as car navigation devices and game machines.

  The liquid crystal display device is compatible with TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, OCB (Optically Compensated Bend) mode, VA (Vertical Aligned) mode, IPS (In-Plane Switching) mode, FFS (Fringe Switch Mode) and the like. However, in some modes, an antistatic layer for preventing charging on one substrate side may be required.

  Recently, a liquid crystal display device in which a touch sensing function is combined with a liquid crystal display panel for displaying an image has been developed. In the case of a configuration that realizes a touch sensing function using a change in capacitance, if an antistatic layer is applied, a sufficient touch sensing function may not be ensured. On the other hand, if the resistance of the antistatic layer is increased to ensure the touch sensing function, the external electric field cannot be sufficiently shielded, and an undesired electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer, which may cause display unevenness. There is.

JP 2010-39367 A

  An object of the present embodiment is to provide a liquid crystal display device with good display quality.

According to this embodiment,
In an active area for displaying an image, a common electrode formed over a plurality of pixels, an insulating film covering the common electrode, and formed on each pixel on the insulating film so as to face the common electrode and form a slit A first substrate having a pixel electrode formed thereon, a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, a liquid crystal layer held between the first substrate and the second substrate, and the first substrate A conductive layer formed over the entire active area on the outer surface of the two substrates; an optical element including a polarizing plate disposed in the active area on the conductive layer; and between the conductive layer and the optical element. A conductive adhesive that bonds the conductive layer and the optical element interposed therebetween, and a ground potential formed on an extended portion of the first substrate that extends outward from an end portion of the second substrate. A pad and the guide A connecting member that electrically connects the layer and the pad, the conductive layer is formed of a transparent organic conductive material, and the conductive adhesive has a higher resistance than the conductive layer. A liquid crystal display device is provided.

FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration and an equivalent circuit of a liquid crystal display panel constituting the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing a cross-sectional structure of the liquid crystal display panel LPN shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of the pixel structure of the array substrate shown in FIG. 2 as viewed from the counter substrate side. FIG. 4 is a plan view schematically showing the configuration of the liquid crystal display panel shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a cross section including the pad of the liquid crystal display panel shown in FIG.

  Hereinafter, the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In each figure, the same reference numerals are given to components that exhibit the same or similar functions, and duplicate descriptions are omitted.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration and an equivalent circuit of a liquid crystal display panel LPN constituting the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment.

  That is, the liquid crystal display device includes an active matrix type liquid crystal display panel LPN. The liquid crystal display panel LPN is held between the array substrate AR that is the first substrate, the counter substrate CT that is the second substrate disposed so as to face the array substrate AR, and the array substrate AR and the counter substrate CT. And a liquid crystal layer LQ. Such a liquid crystal display panel LPN includes an active area ACT for displaying an image. The active area ACT has, for example, a quadrangular shape and is composed of a plurality of pixels PX arranged in an mxn matrix (where m and n are positive integers).

  In the active area ACT, the array substrate AR includes n gate wirings G (G1 to Gn) and n capacitance lines C (C1 to Cn) that extend in the first direction X in the first direction X, respectively. The m source lines S (S1 to Sm) extending along the intersecting second direction Y, the switching element SW electrically connected to the gate line G and the source line S in each pixel PX, and each pixel PX 2 includes a pixel electrode PE electrically connected to the switching element SW, a common electrode CE which is a part of the capacitor line C and faces the pixel electrode PE. The storage capacitor CS is formed between the capacitor line C and the pixel electrode PE.

  The common electrode CE is formed in common across the plurality of pixels PX. The pixel electrode PE is formed in an island shape in each pixel PX.

  Each gate line G is drawn outside the active area ACT and is connected to the first drive circuit GD. Each source line S is drawn outside the active area ACT and connected to the second drive circuit SD. Each capacitance line C is drawn outside the active area ACT and connected to the third drive circuit CD. The first drive circuit GD, the second drive circuit SD, and the third drive circuit CD are, for example, at least partially formed on the array substrate AR, and are signal sources necessary for driving the liquid crystal display panel LPN. It is connected to a certain driving IC chip 2. In the illustrated example, the drive IC chip 2 is mounted on the array substrate AR outside the active area ACT of the liquid crystal display panel LPN.

  In the present embodiment, the driving IC chip 2 includes an image signal writing circuit 2A that performs control necessary for writing an image signal to the pixel electrode PE of each pixel PX in an image display mode in which an image is displayed in the active area ACT. In the touch sensing mode in which contact of an object is detected on the detection surface, the capacitance of the capacitive touch sensing wiring (capacitance between the capacitive line C and the source wiring S in the example shown here) is changed. And a detection circuit 2B for detecting.

  Further, the liquid crystal display panel LPN of the illustrated example has a configuration applicable to the FFS mode or the IPS mode, and includes a pixel electrode PE and a common electrode CE on the array substrate AR. In the liquid crystal display panel LPN having such a configuration, a horizontal electric field (for example, an electric field substantially parallel to the main surface of the substrate in the fringe electric field) formed between the pixel electrode PE and the common electrode CE is mainly used. The liquid crystal molecules constituting the liquid crystal layer LQ are switched.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing a cross-sectional structure of the liquid crystal display panel LPN shown in FIG.

  That is, the array substrate AR is formed by using a first insulating substrate 10 having light transparency such as a glass substrate. The array substrate AR includes a switching element SW, a common electrode CE, a pixel electrode PE, a first alignment film AL1, and the like on the inner surface (that is, the side facing the counter substrate CT) 10A of the first insulating substrate 10. .

  The switching element SW shown here is, for example, a thin film transistor (TFT). The switching element SW includes a semiconductor layer formed of polysilicon or amorphous silicon. Note that the switching element SW may be either a top gate type or a bottom gate type. Such a switching element SW is covered with the first insulating film 11.

  The common electrode CE is formed on the first insulating film 11. The common electrode CE is covered with the second insulating film 12. The second insulating film 12 is also disposed on the first insulating film 11. The pixel electrode PE is formed on the second insulating film 12. The pixel electrode PE is connected to the switching element SW through a contact hole that penetrates the first insulating film 11 and the second insulating film 12. Further, the pixel electrode PE has a slit PSL facing the common electrode CE through the second insulating film 12. Both the common electrode CE and the pixel electrode PE are formed of a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO). The pixel electrode PE is covered with the first alignment film AL1. The first alignment film AL1 is formed of a material exhibiting horizontal alignment properties, and is disposed on the surface in contact with the liquid crystal layer LQ of the array substrate AR.

  On the other hand, the counter substrate CT is formed using a second insulating substrate 30 having optical transparency such as a glass substrate. The counter substrate CT includes a black matrix 31, a color filter 32, an overcoat layer 33, a second alignment film AL2, and the like on the inner surface (that is, the side facing the array substrate AR) 30A of the second insulating substrate 30. Yes.

  The black matrix 31 is formed on the inner surface 30A of the second insulating substrate 30 so as to be opposed to the gate wiring G and the source wiring S provided on the array substrate AR, and further to the wiring section such as the switching element SW. Is partitioned.

  The color filter 32 is formed on the inner surface 30 </ b> A of the second insulating substrate 30 and extends also on the black matrix 31. The color filter 32 is formed of a resin material colored in a plurality of different colors, for example, three primary colors such as red, blue, and green. A red color filter made of a resin material colored in red is arranged corresponding to the red pixel. A blue color filter made of a resin material colored in blue is arranged corresponding to a blue pixel. A green color filter made of a resin material colored in green is arranged corresponding to the green pixel. The boundary between the color filters 32 of different colors is located on the black matrix 31.

  The overcoat layer 33 covers the color filter 32. The overcoat layer 33 flattens the surface irregularities of the black matrix 31 and the color filter 32. Such an overcoat layer 33 is formed of a transparent resin material. The overcoat layer 33 is covered with the second alignment film AL2. The second alignment film AL2 is formed of a material exhibiting horizontal alignment, and is disposed on the surface in contact with the liquid crystal layer LQ of the counter substrate CT.

  The array substrate AR and the counter substrate CT as described above are arranged so that the first alignment film AL1 and the second alignment film AL2 face each other. At this time, columnar spacers formed on one substrate are arranged between the array substrate AR and the counter substrate CT, whereby a predetermined cell gap is formed. The array substrate AR and the counter substrate CT are bonded together with a sealing material in a state where a cell gap is formed.

  The liquid crystal layer LQ is sealed in a cell gap formed between the first alignment film AL1 of the array substrate AR and the second alignment film AL2 of the counter substrate CT. In particular, such a liquid crystal layer LQ is made of, for example, a liquid crystal material having a positive (positive) dielectric anisotropy.

  A backlight BL is arranged on the back side of the liquid crystal display panel LPN having such a configuration. As the backlight BL, various forms are applicable, and any of those using a light emitting diode (LED) or a cold cathode tube (CCFL) as a light source can be applied. The description of the structure is omitted.

  A first optical element OD1 including a first polarizing plate PL1 is disposed on the outer surface of the array substrate AR facing the backlight BL, that is, the outer surface 10B of the first insulating substrate 10. Further, a conductive layer CF is formed on the outer surface of the counter substrate CT facing the cover glass CG, that is, the outer surface 30B of the second insulating substrate 30, and the second polarizing plate PL2 including the second polarizing plate PL2 is formed on the conductive layer CF. An optical element OD2 is arranged. A conductive adhesive AD is interposed between the conductive layer CF and the second optical element OD2, and the second optical element OD2 is bonded to the conductive layer CF. The first polarizing axis (or first absorption axis) of the first polarizing plate PL1 and the second polarizing axis (or second absorption axis) of the second polarizing plate PL2 are in a crossed Nicols positional relationship, for example.

  In the illustrated example, the surface of the cover glass CG disposed above the second optical element OD2 serves as a detection surface or a display surface.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of the structure of the pixel PX in the array substrate AR shown in FIG. 2 as viewed from the counter substrate CT side. Here, only main parts necessary for the description are shown.

  The gate line G extends along the first direction X. The source line S extends along the second direction Y. Although a switching element is arranged at the intersection of the gate line G and the source line S, illustration is omitted.

  The capacitance line C extends along the first direction X. That is, the capacitor line C is disposed in each pixel PX and extends above the source line S, and is formed in common across a plurality of pixels PX adjacent in the first direction X. The capacitor line C includes a common electrode CE formed corresponding to each pixel PX.

  The pixel electrode PE of each pixel PX is disposed above the common electrode CE. Each pixel electrode PE is formed in an island shape corresponding to the pixel shape in each pixel PX, for example, a substantially square shape. Each pixel electrode PE has a plurality of slits PSL facing the common electrode CE. In the illustrated example, each of the slits PSL extends along the second direction Y and has a long axis parallel to the second direction Y.

  The first alignment film AL1 and the second alignment film AL2 are subjected to alignment processing (for example, rubbing processing or optical alignment processing) in directions parallel to each other in a plane parallel to the main surface of the substrate. The first alignment film AL1 is subjected to an alignment process along a direction that intersects an acute angle of 45 ° or less, more preferably 5 ° to 15 °, with respect to the second direction Y in which the slit PSL extends. The second alignment film AL2 is subjected to an alignment process along a direction parallel to the alignment processing direction R1 of the first alignment film AL1. The alignment treatment direction R1 of the first alignment film AL1 and the alignment treatment direction R2 of the second alignment film AL2 are opposite to each other.

  In the liquid crystal display device having such a configuration, in a state where no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer LQ, that is, in a state where no electric field is formed between the pixel electrode PE and the common electrode CE (when OFF), the liquid crystal layer The liquid crystal molecules LM included in the LQ are initially aligned in the plane according to the alignment treatment direction of the first alignment film AL1 and the second alignment film AL2 (the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules LM are initially aligned is referred to as the initial alignment direction). .

  When OFF, a part of the backlight light from the backlight BL is transmitted through the first polarizing plate PL1 and enters the liquid crystal display panel LPN. The light incident on the liquid crystal display panel LPN is linearly polarized light orthogonal to the first absorption axis of the first polarizing plate PL1. Such a polarization state of linearly polarized light hardly changes when it passes through the liquid crystal display panel LPN in the OFF state. Therefore, the linearly polarized light transmitted through the liquid crystal display panel LPN is absorbed by the second polarizing plate PL2 having a crossed Nicol positional relationship with the first polarizing plate PL1 (black display).

  On the other hand, in a state where a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer LQ, that is, in a state where a fringe electric field is formed between the pixel electrode PE and the common electrode CE (at the time of ON), the liquid crystal molecules LM are initially aligned in the plane. The orientation is different from the direction. In the positive type liquid crystal material, the liquid crystal molecules LM are aligned so as to face a direction substantially parallel to the electric field.

  At such ON time, linearly polarized light orthogonal to the first absorption axis of the first polarizing plate PL1 is incident on the liquid crystal display panel LPN, and the polarization state is the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules LM when passing through the liquid crystal layer LQ. It changes according to. For this reason, at the time of ON, at least a part of light that has passed through the liquid crystal layer LQ is transmitted through the second polarizing plate PL2 (white display).

  FIG. 4 is a plan view schematically showing the configuration of the liquid crystal display panel LPN shown in FIG.

  The array substrate AR constituting the liquid crystal display panel LPN has an extending part ARE that extends outward from the end part CTE of the counter substrate CT. A driving IC chip 2 and a flexible printed circuit (FPC) substrate 3 are mounted on the extending portion ARE. In addition, a pad PD having a ground potential is formed in the extending portion ARE. Although not described in detail, the pad PD is grounded via the drive IC chip 2 and the FPC board 3.

  The conductive layer CF is formed over the entire active area ACT on the counter substrate CT, as indicated by the slanted lines in the drawing to the right. As a matter of course, the conductive layer CF covers each pixel PX. In the illustrated example, the conductive layer CF is formed over substantially the entire surface of the counter substrate CT. That is, in the XY plane, the size of the conductive layer CF is equal to the size of the counter substrate CT.

  The second optical element OD2 is disposed over the entire active area ACT on the conductive layer CF, as indicated by the oblique line rising to the right in the drawing. The second optical element OD2 exposes a part of the conductive layer CF. That is, in the XY plane, the size of the second optical element OD2 is smaller than the size of the conductive layer CF. In addition, the end portion ODE of the second optical element OD2 does not overlap immediately above the end portion CTE of the counter substrate CT, but is positioned closer to the active area ACT than the end portion CTE. That is, the end portion CFE of the conductive layer CF extends to the end portion CTE side of the counter substrate CT from the end portion ODE of the second optical element OD2, and is exposed from the second optical element OD2. Such an end CFE is in contact with the connection member PST.

  Connection member PST electrically connects conductive layer CF and pad PD.

  FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a cross section including the pad PD of the liquid crystal display panel LPN shown in FIG.

  In the array substrate AR, a detailed description of the structure on the inner surface facing the counter substrate CT is omitted, but a pad PD is formed in the extended portion ARE. A first optical element OD1 is bonded to the outer surface 10B of the first insulating substrate 10 constituting the array substrate AR. Note that an adhesive for bonding the first optical element OD1 to the first insulating substrate 10 is not shown.

  In the counter substrate CT, a detailed description of the structure on the inner surface 30A side facing the array substrate AR is omitted, but a frame-shaped peripheral light shielding layer SHD surrounding the active area ACT is formed around the second insulating substrate 30. Yes. For example, the peripheral light shielding layer SHD is formed of the same material as that of the black matrix BM. The array substrate AR and the counter substrate CT are bonded together by a sealing material SE, and a liquid crystal layer LQ is held between them.

The conductive layer CF is formed on the outer surface 30B of the second insulating substrate 30. The conductive layer CF not only covers the active area ACT but also extends above the peripheral light shielding layer SHD. Since such a conductive layer CF overlaps with the active area ACT, it is formed of a transparent organic conductive material. Such a conductive layer CF is desirably formed of a material having a surface resistance value of, for example, 1 × 10 ⁷ to 1 × 10 ⁹ Ω / □. As an example of the organic conductive material for forming the conductive layer CF, a material obtained by mixing a binder resin or the like with polythiophene, which is a conductive substance, can be used. Such a conductive layer CF is obtained by, for example, applying and baking an organic conductive material to a substantially uniform film thickness after polishing the outer surface 30B side of the second insulating substrate 30 in order to reduce the thickness of the counter substrate CT. It is formed.

The second optical element OD2 is bonded onto the conductive layer CF with the conductive adhesive AD. The conductive adhesive AD extends over the entire active area ACT on the conductive layer CF, and is interposed between the conductive layer CF and the second optical element OD2. Such a conductive adhesive AD overlaps with the active area ACT, and thus is formed of a transparent material. Such a conductive adhesive AD is preferably formed of a material having a surface resistance value of, for example, 1 × 10 ⁹ to 1 × 10 ¹¹ Ω / □. That is, the conductive adhesive AD has a higher resistance than the conductive layer CF.

  The end CFE of the conductive layer CF is exposed from the second optical element OD2 and the conductive adhesive AD outside the active area ACT. The connecting member PST is in contact with both the end CFE of the conductive layer CF and the pad PD, and electrically connects both. Such a connection member PST is, for example, a conductive paste containing conductive particles such as silver or a conductive seal.

  In the liquid crystal display panel LPN such as the FFS mode and the IPS mode described in the present embodiment, a conductive film such as an electrode is not formed on the counter substrate CT side, so that undesired charges easily enter the liquid crystal display panel LPN. For example, if an undesired voltage is locally applied to the liquid crystal layer LQ due to the intrusion of charges from the counter substrate CT side, there is a risk of being visually recognized as display unevenness.

  According to the present embodiment, the conductive layer CF is disposed on the front side of the liquid crystal display panel LPN, that is, the outer surface of the counter substrate CT, and the conductivity for bonding the second optical element OD2 on the conductive layer CF. Adhesive AD is arranged. For this reason, since the charge that has entered the liquid crystal display panel LPN from the surface side of the cover glass CG serving as the detection surface or display surface diffuses into the surface of the active area ACT in the conductive adhesive AD, It is possible to shield the penetration of the electric field to some extent. Further, since the electric charge reaching the conductive adhesive AD flows into the conductive layer CF having a lower resistance and diffuses in the plane of the conductive layer CF, the electric field shielding effect can be further enhanced. Furthermore, the electric charge that has reached the conductive layer CF flows from the conductive layer CF to the pad PD having the ground potential via the connection member PST. For this reason, it is possible to suppress the intrusion of charges into the liquid crystal display panel LPN. Alternatively, even if a charge enters the liquid crystal display panel LPN, it is discharged through the conductive layer CF and the conductive adhesive AD, so that it is possible to eliminate visible display unevenness in a short time.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, the conductive adhesive AD has a higher resistance than the conductive layer CF. That is, for the liquid crystal display panel LPN such as the FFS mode, it is effective to dispose a conductive film that quickly diffuses charges on the front side of the liquid crystal display panel LPN in order to secure a shielding function against an external electric field. However, as in the present embodiment, in the liquid crystal display panel LPN having a function of performing touch sensing using a change in capacitance in the active area ACT, it is required to ensure sensing sensitivity.

  In the present embodiment, since the conductive adhesive AD closer to the detection surface than the conductive layer CF has a high resistance, it is possible to ensure sufficient sensing sensitivity. On the other hand, since the conductive layer CF closer to the liquid crystal display panel LPN than the conductive adhesive AD has a low resistance, an undesired electric field directed from the outside toward the liquid crystal display panel LPN can be shielded, and the liquid crystal display panel LPN It is possible to quickly collect the charge that has entered the battery and discharge it to the pad PD via the connection member PST. Thereby, it becomes difficult to be influenced by the external electric field, and it becomes possible to suppress the occurrence of display unevenness due to the disorder of the alignment of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal display panel LPN. Therefore, it is possible to achieve both a touch sensing function and a shielding function against an external electric field.

  The conductive layer CF applied in the present embodiment can have a relatively lower resistance than the conductive adhesive AD. However, the conductive layer CF has a local resistance due to the film forming process and the material variation as described above. Regions with different values can be formed. For example, when a region having a high resistance is formed locally, an electric field that has entered from the outside penetrates the liquid crystal display panel in the region, and display unevenness may occur. In addition, when a region having a low resistance is formed locally, electric charge easily escapes in the region, and the sensing sensitivity may be reduced. That is, with the conductive layer CF alone, it is difficult to achieve both a touch sensing function and a sufficient shielding function against an external electric field. Note that, when an oxide conductive film such as ITO is applied as the conductive layer CF, variation in resistance value in the surface can be suppressed to a relatively small value, but the resistance value is smaller than that of the organic conductive material. Since it is too low, it is difficult to ensure sufficient sensing sensitivity.

  In addition, the conductive adhesive AD applied in the present embodiment has a smaller variation in resistance value in the plane than the conductive layer CF formed of an organic conductive material, but has a function as an adhesive. In order to ensure, it is difficult to increase the content of the conductive substance, and the resistance becomes relatively high. Further, since the conductive adhesive AD is located on the inner surface of the second optical element OD2 and is not drawn out to the outside, it is difficult to establish conduction with the pad PD having the ground potential. For this reason, it is difficult to obtain a sufficient shielding function against an external electric field with the conductive adhesive AD alone without combining the conductive layer CF.

  For this reason, in this embodiment, even if there is a variation in resistance value in the plane of the conductive layer CF by combining the conductive layer CF and the conductive adhesive AD, the dispersion of electric charge in the conductive adhesive AD is performed. It is possible to suppress the penetration of the electric field in the local region and the decrease in sensing sensitivity in the conductive layer CF, and the resistance value that can achieve both the touch sensing function and the shield function over the entire active area ACT. It can be secured.

  As described above, according to this embodiment, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal display device with good display quality.

  In addition, although some embodiment of this invention was described, these embodiment is shown as an example and is not intending limiting the range of invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalents thereof.

LPN ... Liquid crystal display panel AR ... Array substrate CT ... Counter substrate ACT ... Active area PE ... Pixel electrode CE ... Common electrode LQ ... Liquid crystal layer OD1 ... First optical element OD2 ... Second optical element PD ... Pad PST ... Connecting member CF ... Conductive layer AD ... conductive adhesive

Claims (3)

In an active area for displaying an image, a common electrode formed over a plurality of pixels, an insulating film covering the common electrode, and formed on each pixel on the insulating film so as to face the common electrode and form a slit A first substrate comprising: a pixel electrode;
A second substrate disposed opposite the first substrate;
A liquid crystal layer held between the first substrate and the second substrate;
A conductive layer formed over the entire active area on the outer surface of the second substrate;
An optical element including a polarizing plate disposed in the active area on the conductive layer;
A conductive adhesive interposed between the conductive layer and the optical element to bond the conductive layer and the optical element;
A ground potential pad formed on the extending portion of the first substrate extending outward from the end portion of the second substrate;
A connection member for electrically connecting the conductive layer and the pad;
With
The conductive layer is formed of a transparent organic conductive material, and the conductive adhesive has a higher resistance than the conductive layer.   2. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein the conductive layer includes an end portion that extends closer to an end portion of the second substrate than an end portion of the optical element and contacts the connection member. apparatus. The surface resistance value of the conductive layer is 1 × 10 ⁷ to 1 × 10 ⁹ Ω / □, and the surface resistance value of the conductive adhesive is 1 × 10 ⁹ to 1 × 10 ¹¹ Ω / □. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1 or 2.

Images