JP2012241280A - 希土類−鉄−窒素系合金材及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
希土類−鉄−窒素系合金材及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012241280A JP2012241280A JP2011116016A JP2011116016A JP2012241280A JP 2012241280 A JP2012241280 A JP 2012241280A JP 2011116016 A JP2011116016 A JP 2011116016A JP 2011116016 A JP2011116016 A JP 2011116016A JP 2012241280 A JP2012241280 A JP 2012241280A
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- Prior art keywords
- rare earth
- iron
- alloy material
- nitrogen
- powder
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- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
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- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
【解決手段】希土類-鉄系合金粉末を水素含有雰囲気で熱処理して、鉄含有物の相2中に希土類元素の水素化合物の相3が離散して存在する多相粉末1を作製する。多相粉末1を圧縮成形して得られた粉末成形体4を真空中、3T以上の磁場を印加した状態で熱処理して、希土類-鉄系合金材5を形成する。希土類-鉄系合金材5を窒素雰囲気中、3.5T以上の磁場を印加した状態で熱処理して、希土類-鉄-窒素系合金材6を形成する。希土類-鉄系合金材5は、希土類-鉄系合金の結晶がc軸方向に配向した組織を有する。この配向組織の希土類-鉄系合金材5に磁場を印加した状態で窒化することで、希土類-鉄-窒素系合金材6は、理想的な窒化物により構成され、磁気特性に優れる希土類磁石7が得られる。
【選択図】図1
Description
ボンド磁石は、結合樹脂といった介在物が存在することで磁性相の割合が低く、せいぜい80体積%程度であり、磁性相の割合が少ないことで磁気特性に劣る。
準備工程:希土類元素を含有する希土類-鉄系合金粉末に、水素元素を含む雰囲気中、当該希土類-鉄系合金の不均化温度以上の温度で熱処理を施して、Feを含む鉄含有物の相中に上記希土類元素の水素化合物の相が離散して存在し、この希土類元素の水素化合物の相の含有量が40体積%以下である多相粒子からなる多相粉末を準備する工程。
成形工程:上記多相粉末を圧縮成形して粉末成形体を成形する工程。
脱水素工程:上記粉末成形体に、不活性雰囲気中又は減圧雰囲気中、当該粉末成形体の再結合温度以上の温度で熱処理を施して、希土類-鉄系合金材を形成する工程。
そして、上記脱水素工程の熱処理は、上記粉末成形体に3T(テスラ)以上の磁場を印加して行う。
窒化工程:上述の脱水素工程を経て得られた上記希土類-鉄系合金材に、窒素元素を含む雰囲気中、当該希土類-鉄系合金材の窒化温度以上窒素不均化温度以下の温度で熱処理を施して、希土類-鉄-窒素系合金材を形成する工程。
そして、上記脱水素工程の熱処理は、上述の成形工程を経て得られた上記粉末成形体に3T(テスラ)以上の磁場を印加して行う。かつ、上記窒化工程の熱処理は、上記希土類-鉄系合金材に3.5T(テスラ)以上の磁場を印加して行う。
[希土類-鉄系合金材の製造方法]
(準備工程)
上記多相粉末の原料となる希土類-鉄系合金粉末(以下、出発合金粉末と呼ぶ)は、所望の組成の多相粉末が得られるように、希土類-鉄系合金(以下、出発合金と呼ぶ)の構成元素を選択するとよい。出発合金は、REを希土類元素(例えば、RE=Y,La,Pr,Nd,Sm,Dy及びCeから選択される1種以上の元素)、MeをFe又はFeとFe以外の元素(例えば、Co,Ni,Mn及びTiから選択される1種以上の元素)、x=2.0〜2.2とするとき、RExMe17、REx/2Me12が挙げられる。
上記多相粉末を圧縮成形して粉末成形体が得られる。粉末成形体は、その相対密度(粉末成形体の真密度に対する実際の密度)が高いほど、最終的に磁性相の割合が高い希土類磁石を得易い。従って、粉末成形体は、その相対密度が85%以上であることが好ましい。粉末成形体の相対密度を90%〜95%程度にすると、上述した酸化防止層を具える形態でも、後工程で酸化防止層の除去を行い易い。
脱水素工程は、上記多相粒子と反応せず、かつ水素を効率よく除去できるように非水素雰囲気にて熱処理を行う。非水素雰囲気には、不活性雰囲気や減圧雰囲気が挙げられる。不活性雰囲気は、例えば、ArやN2が挙げられる。減圧雰囲気は、標準の大気雰囲気よりも圧力を低下させた真空状態をいい、最終真空度は、10Pa以下、更に1Pa以下が好ましい。減圧雰囲気で希土類元素の水素化合物から水素の除去を行うと、希土類元素の水素化合物が残存し難く、希土類-鉄系合金化を完全に起こさせることができ、得られた希土類-鉄系合金材を素材とすることで、磁気特性に優れる希土類磁石が得られる。
上記熱処理(脱水素)により、上記粉末成形体を構成していた各多相粒子は希土類-鉄系合金からなる粒子(以下、原料合金粒子と呼ぶ)となり、多相粉末の粉末粒界が残存した成形体からなる希土類-鉄系合金材(代表的には、本発明希土類-鉄系合金材)が得られる。例えば、RE=Y,La,Pr,Nd,Sm,Dy及びCeから選択される1種以上の元素、Me=Fe又はFeとCo,Ni,Mn及びTiから選択される1種以上の元素、x=2.0〜2.2とするとき、RExMe17、REx/2Me12が挙げられる。RExMe17は、Sm2Fe17などのSm-Fe系合金、Y2Fe17などのY-Fe系合金、REx/2Me12は、Sm1(Fe11Ti1)などのSm-Fe-Ti系合金、Sm1(Fe11Mn1)などのSm-Fe-Mn系合金、Y1(Fe11Ti1)などのY-Fe-Ti系合金、Y1(Fe11Mn1)などのY-Fe-Mn系合金が挙げられる。この成形体は、上記原料合金粒子を構成する結晶のa軸,b軸,c軸の少なくとも一つの軸におけるピーク強度が大きい。つまり、この成形体は、上記結晶の結晶方位が結晶格子の軸方向に平行に配向した組織、より具体的には、I(a,b,c)/Imax≧0.83を満たす組織を有する。上述のSm-Fe系合金、Y-Fe系合金、Sm-Fe-Ti系合金、Sm-Fe-Mn系合金、Y-Fe-Ti系合金、Y-Fe-Mn系合金はいずれも、c軸方向に配向し、c軸が磁化容易軸である希土類合金であり、Ic/Imax≧0.83を満たす。希土類-鉄系合金の組成によっては、a軸方向やb軸方向に配向する場合も有り得る。
上述の脱水素工程を経て得られた希土類-鉄系合金材に、特定の条件で熱処理(窒化)を施すことで、希土類-鉄-窒素系合金材(代表的には、本発明希土類-鉄-窒素系合金材)が得られる。
上記熱処理(窒化)により、上記希土類-鉄系合金材を構成していた各原料合金粒子は、希土類-鉄-窒素系合金からなる合金粒子(以下、素材合金粒子と呼ぶ)となり、原料合金粒子の粒界が残存した成形体からなる希土類-鉄-窒素系合金材(代表的には、本発明希土類-鉄-窒素系合金材)が得られる。希土類-鉄-窒素系合金は、具体的には、上述のREとMeとを用いて(但し、x=1.5〜3.5)、RE2Me17Nx、RE1Me12Nxが挙げられる。より具体的には、Sm2Fe17N3、Y2Fe17N3、Sm1(Ti1Fe11)N2、Sm1(Mn1Fe11)N2、Y1(Ti1Fe11)N2、Y1(Mn1Fe11)N2が挙げられる。そして、この成形体は、上述のように希土類-鉄系合金材の配向性を実質的に維持しており、上記素材合金粒子を構成する結晶のa軸,b軸,c軸の少なくとも一つの軸におけるピーク強度が大きい。つまり、この成形体も、上記結晶の結晶方位が結晶格子の軸方向に平行に配向した組織、より具体的には、I(a,b,c)/Imax≧0.83を満たす組織を有する。上述のSm-Fe-N系合金、Y-Fe-N系合金、Sm-Fe-Ti-N系合金、Sm-Fe-Mn-N系合金、Y-Fe-Ti-N系合金、Y-Fe-Mn-N合金はいずれも、c軸方向に配向した組織を有し、Ic/Imax≧0.83を満たす。希土類-鉄-窒素系合金の組成によっては、a軸方向やb軸方向に配向する場合も有り得る。
上記本発明希土類-鉄-窒素系合金材を適宜着磁することで、希土類磁石が得られる。特に、上述した相対密度が高い粉末成形体を利用することで、磁性相の比率が80体積%以上、更に90体積%以上といった希土類磁石が得られる。
希土類-鉄系合金材を作製し、この希土類-鉄系合金材に窒化処理を施して希土類-鉄-窒素系合金材を作製し、得られた希土類-鉄-窒素系合金材を用いて希土類磁石を作製し、磁気特性を調べた。この試験では、特に、希土類-鉄系合金材の製造にあたり、磁場の影響を調べた。
試験例1の試料No.1-2と同様にして作製した希土類-鉄系合金材を用意し、この希土類-鉄系合金材に窒化処理を施して希土類-鉄-窒素系合金材を作製し、試験例1と同様に希土類磁石を作製して、磁気特性を調べた。この試験では、特に、窒化処理時の磁場の影響を調べた。
試験例2と同様にして希土類磁石を作製し、磁気特性を調べた。この試験では、出発材料となる希土類-鉄系合金粉末(出発合金粉末)として、Sm1Fe11Ti1からなる粉末を利用した。
4 粉末成形体 5 希土類-鉄系合金材 6 希土類-鉄-窒素系合金材
7 希土類磁石
Claims (10)
- 希土類磁石の原料に用いられる希土類-鉄系合金材であって、
希土類元素を含有する希土類-鉄系合金からなる複数の合金粒子から構成される成形体であり、
前記成形体の外表面を構成する任意の平面、又は前記成形体の任意の断面を測定面とし、前記測定面におけるX線回折の最大ピーク強度をImax、前記測定面に存在する前記合金粒子を構成する結晶格子の軸におけるX線回折のピーク強度をI(a,b,c)、前記最大ピーク強度に対する前記軸のピーク強度の比をI(a,b,c)/Imaxとするとき、I(a,b,c)/Imax≧0.83を満たすことを特徴とする希土類-鉄系合金材。 - 希土類磁石の素材に用いられる希土類-鉄-窒素系合金材であって、
希土類元素を含有する希土類-鉄-窒素系合金からなる複数の合金粒子から構成される成形体であり、
前記成形体の外表面を構成する任意の平面、又は前記成形体の任意の断面を測定面とし、前記測定面におけるX線回折の最大ピーク強度をImax、前記測定面に存在する前記合金粒子を構成する結晶格子の軸におけるX線回折のピーク強度をI(a,b,c)、前記最大ピーク強度に対する前記軸のピーク強度の比をI(a,b,c)/Imaxとするとき、I(a,b,c)/Imax≧0.83を満たすことを特徴とする希土類-鉄-窒素系合金材。 - 前記結晶格子のc軸におけるX線回折のピーク強度をIcとするとき、Ic/Imax≧0.83を満たすことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の希土類-鉄-窒素系合金材。
- 前記希土類元素は、Smであることを特徴とする請求項2又は3に記載の希土類-鉄-窒素系合金材。
- 前記合金は、Sm及びTiを含有することを特徴とする請求項2〜4のいずれか1項に記載の希土類-鉄-窒素系合金材。
- 希土類磁石の原料に用いられる希土類-鉄系合金材の製造方法であって、
希土類元素を含有する希土類-鉄系合金粉末に、水素元素を含む雰囲気中、当該希土類-鉄系合金の不均化温度以上の温度で熱処理を施して、Feを含む鉄含有物の相中に前記希土類元素の水素化合物の相が離散して存在し、この希土類元素の水素化合物の相の含有量が40体積%以下である多相粒子からなる多相粉末を準備する準備工程と、
前記多相粉末を圧縮成形して粉末成形体を成形する成形工程と、
前記粉末成形体に、不活性雰囲気中又は減圧雰囲気中、当該粉末成形体の再結合温度以上の温度で熱処理を施して、希土類-鉄系合金材を形成する脱水素工程とを具え、
前記脱水素工程の熱処理は、前記粉末成形体に3T以上の磁場を印加して行うことを特徴とする希土類-鉄系合金材の製造方法。 - 前記磁場の印加は、高温超電導磁石を用いて行うことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の希土類-鉄系合金材の製造方法。
- 希土類磁石の素材に用いられる希土類-鉄-窒素系合金材の製造方法であって、
希土類元素を含有する希土類-鉄系合金粉末に、水素元素を含む雰囲気中、当該希土類-鉄系合金の不均化温度以上の温度で熱処理を施して、Feを含む鉄含有物の相中に前記希土類元素の水素化合物の相が離散して存在し、この希土類元素の水素化合物の相の含有量が40体積%以下である多相粒子からなる多相粉末を準備する準備工程と、
前記多相粉末を圧縮成形して粉末成形体を成形する成形工程と、
前記粉末成形体に、不活性雰囲気中又は減圧雰囲気中、当該粉末成形体の再結合温度以上の温度で熱処理を施して、希土類-鉄系合金材を形成する脱水素工程と、
前記希土類-鉄系合金材に、窒素元素を含む雰囲気中、当該希土類-鉄系合金材の窒化温度以上窒素不均化温度以下の温度で熱処理を施して、希土類-鉄-窒素系合金材を形成する窒化工程とを具え、
前記脱水素工程の熱処理は、前記粉末成形体に3T以上の磁場を印加して行い、
前記窒化工程の熱処理は、前記希土類-鉄系合金材に3.5T以上の磁場を印加して行うことを特徴とする希土類-鉄-窒素系合金材の製造方法。 - 前記窒化工程において磁場を印加する方向は、前記脱水素工程における磁場の印加方向と同じ方向とすることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の希土類-鉄-窒素系合金材の製造方法。
- 前記脱水素工程及び前記窒化工程における磁場の印加は、高温超電導磁石を用いて行うことを特徴とする請求項8又は9に記載の希土類-鉄-窒素系合金材の製造方法。
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| WO2013073640A1 (ja) * | 2011-11-18 | 2013-05-23 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 磁性部材、及び磁性部材の製造方法 |
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| JP2017103442A (ja) * | 2015-11-19 | 2017-06-08 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 希土類磁石の製造方法、及び希土類磁石 |
| JPWO2020075470A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-09 | 2021-09-30 | 株式会社Ihi | Sm−Fe−N磁石の製造方法、Sm−Fe−N磁石及びSm−Fe−N磁石を備えるモータ |
| JP7294347B2 (ja) | 2018-10-09 | 2023-06-20 | 株式会社Ihi | Sm-Fe-N磁石の製造方法、Sm-Fe-N磁石及びSm-Fe-N磁石を備えるモータ |
| WO2023063171A1 (ja) * | 2021-10-11 | 2023-04-20 | Dowaホールディングス株式会社 | Sm-Fe-N系磁性粉体およびその製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR101475641B1 (ko) | 2014-12-22 |
| EP2608224A4 (en) | 2015-07-01 |
| EP2608224A1 (en) | 2013-06-26 |
| JP5218869B2 (ja) | 2013-06-26 |
| WO2012161189A1 (ja) | 2012-11-29 |
| CN103180917A (zh) | 2013-06-26 |
| US20130252004A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
| KR20130060329A (ko) | 2013-06-07 |
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