JP2011208134A - 樹脂組成物およびそれを用いた多層構造体 - Google Patents
樹脂組成物およびそれを用いた多層構造体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2011208134A JP2011208134A JP2011053580A JP2011053580A JP2011208134A JP 2011208134 A JP2011208134 A JP 2011208134A JP 2011053580 A JP2011053580 A JP 2011053580A JP 2011053580 A JP2011053580 A JP 2011053580A JP 2011208134 A JP2011208134 A JP 2011208134A
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Classifications
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- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C08L29/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
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- B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
- B32B2307/7242—Non-permeable
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- C08J2329/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08J2329/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J2451/04—Characterised by the use of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers grafted on to rubbers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2451/00—Characterised by the use of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2451/08—Characterised by the use of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers grafted on to macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C08L51/04—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to rubbers
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】エチレン−ビニルエステル系共重合体ケン化物(A)、ゴム質グラフト重合体(B)およびポリアルキレンエーテルユニットを有する重合体(C)を含有してなる樹脂組成物を用いる。
【選択図】なし
Description
そして、かかる組成物に、(A)成分と親和性を有する特性のあるポリアルキレンエーテルユニットを有する重合体(C)が共存することにより、マトリックスそのものの耐衝撃性が向上し、同時にマトリックスから(B)成分への衝撃伝達効率が増加するためか、耐衝撃性が顕著に向上し、低温条件下における耐衝撃性にも優れるという予想外の顕著な効果が得られた。
本発明は、エチレン−ビニルエステル系共重合体ケン化物(以下、「EVOH」と称することがある)(A)、ゴム質グラフト重合体(B)およびポリアルキレンエーテルユニットを有する重合体(C)を含有してなる樹脂組成物に存する。
本発明で用いるEVOH(A)について説明する。
本発明で用いるEVOH(A)は、公知の樹脂であり、非水溶性の熱可塑性樹脂である。EVOH(A)は、通常、ビニルエステル系モノマー(例えば、脂肪酸ビニルエステル)とエチレンを共重合してエチレン−ビニルエステル系共重合体を得、これをケン化して得られるものである。すなわち、エチレン構造単位とビニルアルコール構造単位を主とし、ケン化後に残存する若干量のビニルエステル構造単位を含むものである。上記共重合に際しては、溶液重合法など、公知の重合法が採用されうる。
特にヒドロキシ基含有α−オレフィン類を共重合したEVOH(A)は、延伸加工や真空・圧空成形などの二次成形性が良好になる点で好ましく、中でも1,2−ジオールを側鎖に有するEVOH(A)が好ましい。
本発明の効果をより顕著に得るためには、添加物の分散性に優れるi)、ii)の方法、有機酸およびその塩を含有させる場合はiv)の方法が好ましい。
本発明において使用されるゴム質グラフト重合体(B)は、ゴム質重合体(B1)の存在下でビニル単量体(B2)を重合して得られるグラフト重合体である。かかる重合体はゴム質重合体(B1)をコアとし、ビニル単量体(B2)をシェルとするコアシェル構造を有する微粒子である。
ゴム質グラフト重合体(B)の粉体を熱プレス機によって3mm(厚さ)×10mm(幅)×50mm(長さ)の試験片に調製し、動的機械的特性解析装置(機種名「EXSTAR DMS6100」、セイコーインスツル社製)により、両持ち曲げモード、昇温速度2℃/分、周波数10Hzの条件でtanδ曲線を測定し、tanδ曲線のピークトップの温度をガラス転移温度とする。
トを主成分とする混合物を重合して得られるものが好ましい。(メタ)アクリレートとしては、例えば、メチル(メタ)アクリレート、エチル(メタ)アクリレート、プロピル(メタ)アクリレート、ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、2−エチルヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、オクチル(メタ)アクリレート、トリデシル(メタ)アクリレート、エトキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、メトキシトリプロピレングリコール(メタ)アクリレート、4−ヒドロキシブチル(メタ)アクリレート、ラウリルアクリレート、ラウリルメタクリレート、ステアリルメタクリレートが挙げられる。これらは1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
かかるゴム質重合体(B1)として、低温衝撃強度において高い効果を発現させることができる点で好ましくは、ブタジエン系ゴム質重合体およびシリコーン系ゴム質重合体である。
)アクリレート、ジビニルベンゼン、多官能メタクリル基変性シリコーン等の、分子中に
2個以上の不飽和結合を有するビニル単量体を併用することもできる。
但し、グリシジル基を含有する単量体の場合、その含有量はビニル単量体(B2)の通常5重量%未満であり、好ましくは0〜4重量%である。
本発明で用いるポリアルキレンエーテルユニットを有する重合体(C)は、公知の樹脂であり(特開2006−294204号公報参照)、ポリアルキレンエーテルユニットを有する重合体であれば、単一重合体であっても共重合体であってもよい。
これら重合体(C)の中では、ポリアルキレンエーテルユニットを有するブロック共重合体が好ましく、さらに好ましくは芳香族ポリエステルとポリアルキレンエーテルを有するポリエステルポリエーテルブロック共重合体である。
また、該ポリアルキレンエーテルユニットとして好ましくは、はポリテトラメチレンエーテルグリコールユニットである。
カルボキシル基含有ポリアルキレンエーテルユニットを有する重合体の場合、マトリックスポリマーの分子量が増加してマトリックスそのものの耐衝撃性が向上し、同時にマトリックスから(B)成分への衝撃伝達効率が増加するためか、耐衝撃性が顕著に向上し、低温条件下における耐衝撃性にも優れる。以下、カルボキシル基含有ポリアルキレンエーテルユニットを有する重合体を調製する場合について述べる。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、EVOH(A)とゴム質グラフト重合体(B)、ポリアルキレンエーテルユニットを有する重合体(C)とを混合した樹脂組成物から形成される。EVOH(A)とゴム質グラフト重合体(B)のみでは、耐衝撃性に改善の余地があるところ、さらに重合体(C)を配合することで、マトリックスポリマーの分子量が増加してマトリックスそのものの耐衝撃性が向上し、同時にマトリックスからゴム質グラフト重合体(B)への衝撃伝達効率が増加するという現象が起こるためか、通常の常温における耐衝撃性のみならず、低温条件下における耐衝撃性にも優れるという、顕著な効果が得られる。
好適には、酢酸ナトリウム、酢酸カリウム等の炭素数2〜7の低級脂肪族カルボン酸塩、ステアリン酸ナトリウム、ステアリン酸カリウム等の炭素数8〜22の高級脂肪族カルボン酸塩、燐酸ナトリウム、燐酸リチウム等の燐酸塩があげられる。さらに好ましくは、ステアリン酸ナトリウム、ステアリン酸カリウム等の炭素数8〜22の高級脂肪族カルボン酸塩であり、特に好ましくは炭素数8〜22の高級脂肪族カルボン酸のカリウム塩である。
重合体(D)は、グリシジル基を有する(メタ)アクリレート単位を通常5重量%以上含有する。重合体(D)中のグリシジル基を有する(メタ)アクリレート単位の含有率が5重量%以上であれば、重合体(D)の配合量を低くすることができる。これにより、EVOH(A)との相溶性の制御が容易になり、得られる樹脂組成物の耐衝撃性及びガスバリア性の発現が良好となる。重合体(D)中の、グリシジル基を有する(メタ)アクリレート単位の含有率は20重量%以上が好ましい。
(1)100mlメスフラスコに塩酸2gを入れ、エタノール/ジオキサン=20/80溶液でメスアップする。(A液)
(2)100ml共栓付き三角フラスコに試料0.15〜0.20gを精秤する。ジオキサン20mlを加え、超音波洗浄器を用いて超音波を1時間程度照射し、試料を溶解する。溶解時の液温は、40℃程度である。
(3)試料が溶解した後、三角フラスコ内にA液を10ml加える。
(4)A液添加後の試料溶液を、フェノールフタレインを指示薬として、0.1mol/l−KOH(エタノール)で滴定する。
(5)ブランク液の滴定も同時に行なう。
(6)試料量、試料溶液及びブランク液の適定量からエポキシ当量を算出する。
その他の単量体は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。これらの中では、メチルメタクリレートが好ましい。
式1: 1/Tg=Σ(Wi/Tgi)
(但し、Wiは単量体iの全単量体に対する重量比率、Tgiは単量体iの単独重合体のTgを示す。)
単独重合体のTgの数値としては、POLYMER HANDBOOK THIRD EDITION(WILEY INTERSCIENCE)に記載の数値を用いることができる。
カラム :TSK−Gel SUPER HZM−M(東ソー社製)
測定温度 :40℃
溶離液 :テトラヒドロフラン(THF)
溶離液速度:0.6ml/分
検出器 :RI
EVOH(A)とゴム質グラフト重合体(B)、ポリアルキレンエーテルユニットを有する重合体(C)(および他の添加剤)とを混合する方法としては、公知の方法を採用することが出来る。例えば、全ての成分をドライブレンドして溶融混合する方法、予め溶融させたEVOH(A)に他の成分を配合する方法等の、溶融混合法や、EVOH(A)を溶媒に溶解し、かかる溶液に他の成分を配合し、EVOH(A)の貧溶媒を用いて析出させる方法等がある。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、押出機内で溶融混合後、押し出す際に各種成形物へ成形してもよいし、一旦樹脂組成物ペレットを作製し、別途公知の加工方法で各種成形物を成形してもよい。樹脂組成物の流通や取り扱い性の点から、後者の方法が好ましい。
また、ペレットにする場合、その形は通常球形、円柱形、立方体形、直方体形等が上げられ、円柱形ペレットが好ましく、その直径は通常1〜5mm、長さは通常1〜5mmである。
中でも、樹脂組成物のガスバリア性低下を抑制する目的から疎水性樹脂を用いることが好ましく、具体的にはポリオレフィン系樹脂が好ましく、特にはポリエチレン系樹脂、ポリプロピレン系樹脂が好ましい。
上記樹脂組成物層および他の熱可塑性樹脂層は、さらに樹脂組成物層と他の熱可塑性樹脂層との間に接着樹脂層が介在していてもよい。
また、かかる多層構造体は、該多層構造体を製造する過程で発生する端部や不良品等を再溶融成形して得られる、樹脂組成物とEVOH以外の熱可塑性樹脂の混合物を含むリサイクル層を設けることが可能である。かかるリサイクル層をRとするとき、多層構造体の層構成は、例えばβ/α/R、R/β/α、β/R/α/β、β/R/α/R/β、β/α/R/α/β、β/R/α/R/α/R/β等が挙げられる。
特にリサイクル層を設けることは、成形時に発生する多量のスクラップを有効に活用できる点で工業上好ましい。
他の熱可塑性樹脂層は通常100〜6000μm、好ましくは200〜4000μm、特に好ましくは1000〜2000μmである。他の熱可塑性樹脂層が薄すぎる場合、耐衝撃性が低下する傾向があり、他の熱可塑性樹脂層が厚すぎる場合、加工性が低下する傾向がある。
接着性樹脂層は通常2〜100μm、好ましくは5〜50μm、特に好ましくは20〜40μmである。
なお、延伸については、公知の延伸方法でよく、例えば、一軸延伸、二軸延伸等が挙げられる。二軸延伸の場合は同時二軸延伸方式、逐次二軸延伸方式のいずれの方式も採用できる。延伸温度は、多層構造体の温度(多層構造体近傍温度)で、通常100〜300℃、好ましくは100〜160℃程度の範囲から選ばれる。延伸倍率は、面積比にて、通常2〜50倍、好ましくは2〜20倍である。
EVOH(A)としてエチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体ケン化物(a1)〔エチレン含有量29モル%,ケン化度99.6モル%,MFR4g/10分(210℃、荷重2160g)〕を用いた。
ゴム質グラフト重合体(B)として、ブタジエンを主成分とするゴム質重合体(B1)の存在下に、スチレン及びメチルメタクリレートをグラフト重合して得られるゴム質グラフト重合体として、(b1)商品名メタブレン C223A(三菱レイヨン社製、ゴム質重合体のガラス転移温度−66℃)を用いた。
ポリアルキレンエーテルユニットを有する重合体(C)として、(c1)商品名プリマロイ AP GQ430〔三菱化学社製、融点165℃、MFR35g/10分(230℃、荷重2160g)、ポリブチレンテレフタレートとポリテトラメチレンエーテルグリコールとのブロック共重合体を、溶融混練法によって無水マレイン酸をグラフトさせたもの。〕を用いた。
ゴム質グラフト重合体(B)の粉体を熱プレス機によって3mm(厚さ)×10mm(幅)×50mm(長さ)の試験片に調製し、動的機械的特性解析装置(機種名「EXSTAR DMS6100」、セイコーインスツル社製)により、両持ち曲げモード、昇温速度2℃/分、周波数10Hzの条件でtanδ曲線を測定し、tanδ曲線のピークトップの温度をTgとする。
得られた成型体およびフィルムを用いて下記の評価を行った。
<常温衝撃強度評価>
上記の成型体(縦80×横10×厚4mm)を用いて、23℃、50%RHにおける、ノッチ付シャルピー衝撃強度(JIS K7111準拠)の測定を行なった。
上記の成型体(縦80×横10×厚4mm)を用いて、−20℃、0%RHにおける、ノッチ付シャルピー衝撃強度(JIS K7111準拠)の測定を行なった。
上記の成型体(縦50×横25×厚2mm)を用いて、23℃、7日間のトルエン浸漬における重量変化測定を行なった。なお、下記の表に示す値は、(トルエン浸漬後の重量からトルエン浸漬前の重量を減算した値)/(トルエン浸漬前の重量)×100で表わす割合(%)である。
上記の膜厚30μmのフィルムを用いて、温度20℃,相対湿度65%の状態で、モコン社製Ox−Tran 2/20によって酸素透過量を測定した。
上記の膜厚60μmのフィルムを用いて、YSS式フィルムインパクトテスター(安田精機製作所社製:型式181)を用いて23℃、50%RHの雰囲気中で衝撃強度(kgf・cm)を測定した。
なお、試料厚みは60μm、径は80mmとし、衝撃球は直径12.7mmの鉄球を用い、荷重を15kgf・cmとし、振り子の持ち上げ角度は90°とした。
EVOH(A)としてエチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体ケン化物(a2)〔エチレン含有量32モル%,ケン化度99.6モル%,MFR12g/10分(210℃、荷重2160g)〕を用いた。実施例1と同様に、(b1)、(c1)を用い、さらに、グリシジル基を有する(メタ)アクリル酸エステル重合体(D)として、(d1)商品名メタブレン P−1900(三菱レイヨン社製)を用いた。本製品はグリシジルメタクリレート単位を主成分として重合してなる、エポキシ当量158(g/eq)、重量平均分子量が4.8万の重合体である。
すなわち、(A/B)の重量比は89/11であり、(A/C)の重量比は89/11である。(B/C)の比率は重量比にて1である。また、EVOH(A)100重量部に対する重合体(D)の配合量は3重量部である。なお、重合体(B)100重量部に対する重合体(D)の配合量は20重量部である。
さらに、高級脂肪族カルボン酸塩として、EVOH(A)100重量部に対してステアリン酸カリウムをカリウム金属量に換算した値にて0.05重量部用いた。
実施例2において、ステアリン酸カリウムに代えてEVOH(A)100重量部に対してステアリン酸ナトリウムをナトリウム金属量に換算した値にて0.05重量部用いた以外は同様にして、同様の評価を行なった。
実施例2において、上記各成分の重量比(a2/b1/c1/d1)を、77/10/10/3として用いた以外は同様にして、同様の評価を行なった。
すなわち、(A/B)の重量比は89/11であり、(A/C)の重量比は89/11である。(B/C)の比率は重量比にて1である。また、EVOH(A)100重量部に対する重合体(D)の配合量は4重量部である。なお、重合体(B)100重量部に対する重合体(D)の配合量は30重量部である。
実施例1において、ポリアルキレンエーテルユニットを有する重合体(C)を配合せず、(A)と(B)を、重量比(A/B)=80/20にて用いた以外は同様にして射出成形体を得、同様の評価を行なった。
実施例1において、ゴム質グラフト重合体(B)を配合せず、(A)と(C)を、重量比(A/C)=80/20にて用いた以外は同様にして射出成形体を得、同様の評価を行なった。
実施例1において、ゴム質グラフト重合体(B)およびポリアルキレンエーテルユニットを有する重合体(C)を配合せず、EVOH(A)のみを用いた以外は同様にして射出成形体を得、同様の評価を行なった。
EVOH(A)に対してゴム質グラフト重合体(B)のみを配合した比較例1において上記重量変化は0.0%と良好な値であり、ここにさらに耐溶剤親和性を有すると考えられるポリアルキレンエーテルユニットを有する重合体(C)を配合した実施例1は、予想に反してEVOH(A)のみを用いた参考例1と同様、重量変化が0.0%という優れた効果が得られた。
Claims (9)
- エチレン−ビニルエステル系共重合体ケン化物(A)、ゴム質グラフト重合体(B)およびポリアルキレンエーテルユニットを有する重合体(C)を含有してなる樹脂組成物。
- エチレン−ビニルエステル系共重合体ケン化物(A)とゴム質グラフト重合体(B)との重量比(A/B)は、70/30〜99/1である請求項1記載の樹脂組成物。
- ゴム質グラフト重合体(B)とポリアルキレンエーテルユニットを有する重合体(C)との重量比(B/C)は、0.1〜10である請求項1または2記載の樹脂組成物。
- エチレン−ビニルエステル系共重合体ケン化物(A)とポリアルキレンエーテルユニットを有する重合体(C)との重量比(A/C)は、70/30〜99/1である請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の樹脂組成物。
- ゴム質グラフト重合体(B)は、ゴム質重合体(B1)およびビニル単量体(B2)の合計100重量%中、ゴム質重合体(B1)10〜90重量%の存在下において、ビニル単量体(B2)10〜90重量%をグラフト重合して得られたものである請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の樹脂組成物。
- ゴム質重合体(B1)のガラス転移温度が0℃以下である請求項5記載の樹脂組成物。
- 上記(A)〜(C)成分と共に、グリシジル基を有する(メタ)アクリル酸エステル重合体(D)を含有する請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の樹脂組成物からなる層を少なくとも1層有する多層構造体。
- 総厚みが、20〜50000μmであることを特徴とする請求項8記載の多層構造体。
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| EP (1) | EP2546299B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5837313B2 (ja) |
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| WO (1) | WO2011111803A1 (ja) |
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| JP2018059036A (ja) * | 2016-10-03 | 2018-04-12 | 日本合成化学工業株式会社 | エチレンービニルエステル系共重合体ケン化物を含む樹脂組成物及び当該組成物を用いた多層構造体 |
| JP2018150510A (ja) * | 2017-03-09 | 2018-09-27 | Mcppイノベーション合同会社 | 樹脂組成物及び積層体 |
| JPWO2020130131A1 (ja) * | 2018-12-21 | 2021-10-28 | 株式会社クラレ | 耐油膜、耐油基材及び耐油紙 |
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| CN102977446B (zh) * | 2012-11-29 | 2015-02-04 | 熊雪平 | 阻燃型木塑复合材料及其制备方法 |
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| WO2019103078A1 (ja) | 2017-11-22 | 2019-05-31 | 日本合成化学工業株式会社 | 樹脂組成物、溶融成形用材料、多層構造体および液体包装用材料 |
| US11046473B2 (en) | 2018-07-17 | 2021-06-29 | The Procter And Gamble Company | Blow molded article with visual effects |
| US11724847B2 (en) | 2018-10-19 | 2023-08-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Blow molded article with debossing |
| CN113728025B (zh) * | 2019-03-04 | 2025-10-28 | 株式会社可乐丽 | 树脂组合物和使用了其的多层结构体 |
| US11667069B2 (en) | 2019-04-11 | 2023-06-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Blow molded article with visual effects |
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| JP2018150510A (ja) * | 2017-03-09 | 2018-09-27 | Mcppイノベーション合同会社 | 樹脂組成物及び積層体 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP5837313B2 (ja) | 2015-12-24 |
| CN102782040A (zh) | 2012-11-14 |
| EP2546299A1 (en) | 2013-01-16 |
| EP2546299B1 (en) | 2016-04-27 |
| US20120328866A1 (en) | 2012-12-27 |
| WO2011111803A1 (ja) | 2011-09-15 |
| CN102782040B (zh) | 2014-08-20 |
| EP2546299A4 (en) | 2013-09-04 |
| US8883920B2 (en) | 2014-11-11 |
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