JP2010099747A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a machine tool such as a lathe capable of automatically attaching and detaching to / from a spindle even for a long workpiece, and capable of supplying a material workpiece and discharging a processed workpiece without moving by an operator. To do.
SOLUTION: A bed 6, a headstock 7 installed on the bed and supporting a main spindle 13, and a pair of tool rests 9A and 9B for processing a workpiece W installed on the bed 6 and supported by the main spindle 13 are movably provided. And workpiece mounting table devices 3A and 3B on which the workpiece W is placed, and a workpiece relay device 23 that delivers the workpiece W between the workpiece mounting table devices 3A and 3B and the spindle 13. The work relay device 23 is installed on each tool post 9A, 9B and can hold the work W, and moves together with the tool post 9A, 9B.
[Selection] Figure 4

Description

  The present invention relates to a machine tool such as a lathe, and more particularly to a technique for efficiently delivering a workpiece between a workpiece mounting table on which a workpiece before and after machining is placed and a spindle that supports the workpiece during machining.

  Conventionally, in a lathe, a type in which an operator directly attaches a material work to a main spindle and removes a processed work from the main spindle by a hand is the mainstream. On the other hand, there has been proposed a lathe provided with a remaining material discharging device that discharges the remaining material of the work remaining on the spindle to the outside of the machine at the end of machining (for example, Patent Document 1). However, in the thing of patent document 1, an operator attaches and detaches a workpiece directly by hand.

  It is difficult for the operator to attach and detach the workpiece as described above, and it is difficult to improve workability, and there is a problem that the accuracy of attaching and removing the workpiece varies from worker to worker. For this problem, it is effective to automatically attach and detach the workpiece, and various proposals regarding automation have been made. For example, a lathe described in Patent Document 2 includes a workpiece carry-in device and a workpiece carry-out device for moving a workpiece in and out of a machining space that is a space where a workpiece supported by a spindle and a tool post are located, and the spindle is moved in the machining space. By moving, the spindle receives the workpiece from the workpiece carry-in device, and the spindle passes the processed workpiece to the workpiece carry-in device.

With this configuration, the workpiece can be automatically attached and detached by moving the workpiece into and out of the machining space by the workpiece carry-in device and the workpiece carry-out device and moving the spindle in the machining space. Variations in attachment / detachment time can be eliminated. In addition, since the operation of the workpiece carry-in device and the workpiece carry-out device and the movement of the spindle can be performed in parallel, the time required for loading and unloading the workpiece can be shortened and workability can be improved.
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-69803 JP 2006-102910 A

  Since the lathe of Patent Document 2 is intended for a relatively small work, the work can be gripped and transported by the main spindle, but it is difficult to transport a long work by the main spindle. Even if the workpiece can be transported by the spindle, in the case of a long workpiece, it is necessary to support both ends of the workpiece with the spindle and the tailstock. It is difficult to center.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a machine tool such as a lathe capable of automatically attaching to and detaching from a spindle even for a long workpiece.
Another object of the present invention is to eliminate the need to provide a separate mechanism for moving a workpiece relay device that transfers workpieces to the spindle.
Still another object of the present invention is to enable a workpiece placed outside the machining space to be attached to and detached from a main shaft within the machining space.

Further, the present invention provides a machine such as a lathe that can automatically attach and detach to / from the spindle even for a long workpiece, and can supply a material workpiece and discharge a processed workpiece without moving by an operator. The purpose is to provide machines.
Another object of the present invention is to efficiently deliver a workpiece between the workpiece mounting table device and the spindle.
Still another object of the present invention is to eliminate the need for a separate mechanism for moving the work relay device.

  A machine tool according to a first aspect of the present invention comprises a bed, a headstock that is installed on the bed and supports the spindle, and a pair of cutting tools that are movably installed on the bed and work supported by the spindle. A workpiece, a workpiece placing table device on which the workpiece is placed, and each workpiece can be gripped by the workpiece table, and the workpiece is transferred between the workpiece placing table device and the spindle by the movement of the tool table. A work relay device.

  According to this configuration, the workpiece can be attached to and detached from the spindle without moving the spindle by transferring the workpiece between the workpiece placing table device and the spindle by the workpiece relay device. Since the main shaft is not moved, when a long workpiece is supported by the main shaft and the tailstock, the centering of the workpiece by the tailstock is easy. Thus, by automatically attaching and detaching the workpiece to and from the main spindle, workability can be improved, and variations in workpiece attachment accuracy and detachment time can be eliminated.

In this invention, the workpiece relay device is capable of linear movement in the axial direction of the main spindle and in the direction perpendicular to the main spindle axis, together with the tool post, by a tool post moving mechanism that moves the tool post. With the tool rest turning mechanism for turning the tool rest, turning around the turning axis parallel to the spindle axis may be possible together with the tool rest.
If the workpiece relay device can move and turn, the workpiece relay device can reliably deliver the workpiece between the workpiece mounting table device and the spindle. In order to move the work relay device by the tool post moving mechanism for moving the tool post and to turn the work relay device by the tool post turning mechanism for turning the tool post, a moving mechanism and a turning mechanism for the work relay device are separately provided. There is no need, and the configuration can be simplified.

In this invention, the said workpiece mounting base apparatus is the inside / outside position which makes the said workpiece mounting base move in / out of the workpiece mounting base which mounts a workpiece | work, and the processing space which is the space in which the workpiece | work supported by the said spindle and the said tool rest are located. A switching mechanism, and the workpiece relay device may deliver the workpiece between the workpiece mounting table and the spindle in a state where the workpiece mounting table is located in the machining space.
If it is this structure, since the workpiece mounting base of a workpiece mounting base apparatus will enter / exit into processing space, and a workpiece relay apparatus will deliver a workpiece | work between the workpiece mounting base and spindle which are located in processing space, a workpiece relay apparatus Can be moved only within the machining space. Therefore, the work relay device can be moved only by the tool post moving mechanism that moves the tool post.

  A machine tool according to a second aspect of the present invention comprises a machine tool main body and a work loading / unloading device for loading / unloading a work into / from the machine tool main body. The workpiece loading / unloading device is composed of a loading-side workpiece mounting table device and a loading-side workpiece mounting table that are arranged vertically on the front part of the machine tool main body, and both the workpiece loading table devices are respectively in the longitudinal direction of the workpiece. A workpiece mounting table on which the workpiece can be placed and a mechanism for switching the inside / outside position of the workpiece mounting table in and out of the machine tool body. A main spindle having a main shaft that is disposed on one side in the longitudinal direction that is a direction and can support one end of a workpiece that is long in the left-right direction, a tool rest that processes the workpiece supported by the main shaft, and a machine tool body. Receiving the material workpiece from the workpiece mounting table of the loading-side workpiece mounting table device and passing it to the spindle, and receiving the processed workpiece from the spindle and placing it in the machine tool body And a workpiece relay device to pass to the work table of the carry-work rest device for location.

  According to this configuration, the workpiece loading / unloading apparatus is provided with a loading-side workpiece mounting table device and a loading-side workpiece mounting table arranged side by side, and the workpiece relay device provides a material between the loading-side workpiece loading table device and the spindle. The workpiece is delivered, and the machined workpiece is delivered between the spindle and the unload-side workpiece mounting table device. Thereby, a workpiece can be attached to and detached from the main shaft without moving the main shaft. Since the main shaft is not moved, when a long workpiece is supported by the main shaft and the tailstock, the centering of the workpiece by the tailstock is easy. Thus, by automatically attaching and detaching the workpiece to and from the main spindle, workability can be improved, and variations in workpiece attachment accuracy and detachment time can be eliminated. In addition, since the loading-side workpiece mounting table device and the unloading-side workpiece mounting table are arranged side by side, the supply of the material workpiece to the loading-side workpiece mounting table device and the discharge of the processed workpiece from the loading-side workpiece mounting table are performed. This can be done without the operator moving.

In this invention, it is preferable that the workpiece relay device is individually provided at an upper and lower position corresponding to the loading-side workpiece mounting table device and the unloading-side workpiece mounting table device.
If a work relay device is provided corresponding to the loading-side workpiece mounting table device and the unloading-side workpiece mounting table device, material workpieces are transferred between the loading-side workpiece mounting table device and the spindle, and the spindle and unloading are performed. Since the processed workpiece can be transferred to and from the side workpiece mounting table device in parallel, the time required for loading and unloading the workpiece can be shortened.

In this invention, you may provide the said workpiece | work relay apparatus in the said tool post.
If the work relay device is provided on the tool post, the work relay device can be moved using a tool post moving mechanism for moving the tool post. Therefore, it is not necessary to separately provide a moving mechanism for the work relay device, and the configuration can be simplified.

  A machine tool according to a first aspect of the present invention is a bed, a headstock that is installed on the bed and supports a main spindle, a pair of tool rests that are movably installed on the bed and that supports a work supported by the main spindle, A workpiece placing table device for placing a workpiece, and a workpiece relay device installed on each of the tool rests and capable of gripping the workpiece, and transferring the workpiece between the workpiece placing table device and the spindle by moving the tool rest. Therefore, even a long workpiece can be automatically attached to and detached from the spindle.

  In the first invention, the workpiece relay device can move linearly in the axial direction of the main spindle and in the direction orthogonal to the main spindle axis together with the tool rest by a tool rest moving mechanism for moving the tool rest. When the turret turning mechanism for turning the turret is capable of turning movement around the turning axis parallel to the spindle axis together with the turret, the workpiece is transferred to the spindle. There is no need to provide a separate mechanism for moving and turning the relay device.

  1st invention WHEREIN: The said workpiece mounting base apparatus makes the said workpiece mounting base move in and out of the processing space which is the space in which the workpiece mounting base which mounts a workpiece | work, the workpiece | work supported by the said spindle, and the said tool rest is located. An internal / external position switching mechanism, and the workpiece relay device is configured to transfer a workpiece between the workpiece mounting table and the spindle in a state where the workpiece mounting table is positioned in the processing space. A workpiece placed outside the machining space can be attached to and detached from the inner spindle.

  A machine tool according to a second aspect of the present invention is a machine tool including a machine tool main body and a work loading / unloading device for loading / unloading a work into / from the machine tool main body. The work loading / unloading device is disposed in front of the machine tool main body. The workpiece loading table device and the loading workpiece mounting table, which are arranged side by side in the upper and lower parts, each of these workpiece loading table devices, each of which can place a workpiece with the longitudinal direction of the workpiece left and right And an inside / outside position switching mechanism that allows the workpiece mounting base to enter and exit from the inside and outside of the machine tool body, and the machine tool body is disposed on the bed and one side in the longitudinal direction that is the left and right direction of the bed, A spindle stock having a spindle capable of supporting one end of a workpiece that is long in the direction, a tool rest for processing the workpiece supported by the spindle, and a workpiece of the loading-side workpiece mounting table device within a machine tool body A workpiece relay device that receives a workpiece from a mounting table and passes it to the spindle, and receives a processed workpiece from the spindle and passes it to the workpiece mounting table of the unloading-side workpiece mounting table device located in the machine tool body; Therefore, even a long workpiece can be automatically attached to and detached from the spindle, and the workpiece can be supplied and the processed workpiece can be discharged without the operator moving.

  2nd invention WHEREIN: When the said workpiece | work relay apparatus is each provided in the up-and-down position corresponding to the said carrying-in side workpiece mounting base apparatus and the carrying out side workpiece mounting base apparatus separately, between a workpiece mounting base apparatus and a main axis | shaft. Work can be delivered efficiently.

  In the second invention, when the work relay device is provided on the tool post, it is not necessary to provide a separate mechanism for moving the work relay device.

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The machine tool of this embodiment is a lathe suitable for processing a long workpiece. 1 to 4, a machine tool 1 that is a lathe is installed on a machine tool main body 2, a work loading / unloading device 3 that loads and unloads a workpiece W into and from the machine tool main body 2, and a back surface of the machine tool main body 2. The control panel 4 and the operation panel 5 installed in the front are provided. The workpiece loading / unloading device 3 includes a loading-side workpiece mounting table device 3A and a loading-side workpiece mounting table device 3B that are arranged in the vertical direction at the front portion of the machine tool body 2.

  The machine tool body 2 includes a bed 6, a headstock 7 disposed on one side in the longitudinal direction that is the left-right direction of the bed 6, and a tailstock 8 disposed to face the headstock 7 in the left-right direction. And a pair of upper and lower tool rests 9A and 9B disposed above and below the headstock 7 and the tailstock 8, respectively. The headstock 7, the tailstock 8, and the tool rests 9 </ b> A and 9 </ b> B are provided in the machining space S located at the front portion of the machine tool main body 2. The machining space S and the external space in front of the machining space S are partitioned by a front cover portion 11a of a machine body cover 11 that is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped covering the machine tool body 2. A slide door 12 slidable to the left and right is provided at the left and right central portion of the front cover portion 11a.

  A horizontal spindle 13 extending in the left-right direction is rotatably supported on the spindle stock 7. A spindle chuck 14 capable of gripping one end of the workpiece W is provided at the end of the spindle 13 on the side facing the tailstock 8. The rotation of the main shaft motor 15 is transmitted to the main shaft 13 via the belt transmission mechanism 16 and the main shaft 13 rotates.

  The tailstock 8 has a tailstock shaft 18 that protrudes toward the main shaft 13 and has a pointed tip in a conical shape. The tailstock 8 is supported by a left and right guide 19 provided on the bed 6 so as to be movable left and right, and can be advanced and retracted with respect to the main shaft 13 by an advance / retreat mechanism (not shown).

  The turrets 9A and 9B are both turret turrets that are capable of turning about a turning axis O2 parallel to the main spindle axis O1 with respect to the respective tool rest supports 21. A plurality of tools 22 such as a cutting tool and a rotary tool for cutting the workpiece W are attached to the peripheral surfaces of the tool rests 9A and 9B. A turret chuck 23 as a work relay device is attached to the end faces of the tool rests 9A and 9B. The turret chuck 23 can grip an intermediate portion of a long workpiece by an openable / closable claw 23a. The tool rest turning mechanism 24 for turning the tool rests 9 </ b> A and 9 </ b> B is built in the tool rest support 21. The tool post turning mechanism 24 (FIG. 5) will be described later.

  The tool rests 9A and 9B and the tool rest support 21 can be linearly moved by the tool rest moving mechanism 25 in the direction of the spindle axis O1 (left-right direction) and in the direction perpendicular to the spindle axis O1 (up-down direction). It is. The tool post moving mechanism 25 supports a left / right feed base 27 movably along a left / right guide 26 provided on the bed 6, and a tool post support 21 along a vertical guide 28 provided on the left / right feed base 27. The turrets 9A and 9B are supported by the turret support 21 so as to be rotatable as described above.

FIG. 5 shows the internal structure of the tool post support 21. Here, the turret support 21 for supporting the upper turret 9A is shown, but the structure for the lower turret 9B has the same structure.
The base end portion of the tool rest 9 </ b> A is rotatably supported by the housing 31 of the tool rest support 21 via a rolling bearing 32. A driven gear 33 is formed on the outer periphery of the base end portion of the tool post 9 </ b> A, and a drive gear 35 formed at one end of the transmission shaft 34 is engaged with the driven gear 33. The transmission shaft 34 is rotatably supported by the housing 31 via a rolling bearing 36. An internal gear 37 is attached to the other end of the transmission shaft 34 so as to rotate integrally, and a pinion 39 attached to the output shaft 38 a of the tool post turning motor 38 is engaged with the internal gear 37. With these, the tool rest turning mechanism 24 is configured, and when the tool rest turning motor 38 is driven to rotate, the rotation is transmitted in the order of the pinion 39, the internal gear 37, the transmission shaft 34, the drive gear 35, and the driven gear 33, The tool post 9A turns. Thereby, the index of the tool 22 and the angle determination of the turret chuck 23 are performed.

  A clamp / unclamp mechanism 41 is provided in the housing 31 to switch between a clamped state in which the tool post 9A is not allowed to turn and an unclamped state in which the turn is allowed. The clamp / unclamp mechanism 41 includes a cylindrical shaft 42 that is concentric with the pivot axis O2 of the tool post 9A and is movable along the pivot axis O2. A clamp body 43 is integrally provided on the outer periphery of the cylindrical shaft 42, and moving clamp teeth 44 are formed on a surface perpendicular to the axis of the clamp body 43. On the other hand, the tool rest 9A and the housing 31 are formed with fixed clamp teeth 45 and 46 that face the moving clamp teeth 44 in the axial direction, respectively. When the cylindrical shaft 42 is moved away from the tool post 9A, the movable clamp teeth 44 are engaged with the fixed clamp teeth 45 and 46 to be in a clamped state. When the cylindrical shaft 42 is moved closer to the tool post 9A, the movable clamp pawl 44 and the fixed clamp claws 45, The meshing of 46 is released and the unclamped state is achieved.

  The cylinder shaft 42 is moved by fluid pressure such as hydraulic pressure. That is, the cylindrical shaft 42 has a piston portion 42a having a large diameter, and this piston portion 42a is slidably fitted in the cylinder chamber 47 of the housing 31, and fluid is contained in the cylinder chambers on both sides of the piston portion 42a. The cylinder shaft 42 is moved by taking fluids such as oil in and out of the flow paths 48 and 49.

  Air pipes 51 and 52 for opening and closing the turret chuck 23 are provided in the housing 31 and the tool post 9A. These air pipes 51 and 52 constitute a turret chuck drive mechanism 54 together with a mechanical portion 53 provided in the turret chuck main body 23b.

  As shown in the enlarged view of FIG. 6, the air pipes 51 and 52 are constituted by double pipes. The axis of the double pipe is located on the same line as the pivot axis O2 of the tool post 9A. For example, the inner pipe part is a gripping air pipe 51 that supplies air for driving the claw 23a to the closing side, that is, the workpiece gripping side, and the outer pipe part is driven to the side that opens the claw 23a, that is, the work opening side. It is the open air piping 52 which supplies the air to perform. Air is supplied from the outside to the base ends of the air pipes 51 and 52 through the air flow paths 55 and 56, and the air is supplied to the turret chuck 23 from the tips of the air pipes 51 and 52 through the air flow paths 57 and 58 in the tool post 9 </ b> A. Will be sent. Then, the mechanical part 53 is actuated by the sent air, and the claw 23a is opened and closed.

  The tool post turning motor 38 is provided so as to protrude rearward from the housing 31. In order to prevent the splashed coolant in the machining space S from being applied to the tool rest turning motor 38 and other drive portions (not shown) exposed from the housing 31, a drive portion cover 61 covering the tool rest turning motor 38 and the like is provided in the housing. 31 is provided so as to be coupled to the base end face. A seal member 62 made of nitrile rubber or the like is interposed at the joint between the housing 31 and the drive unit cover 61, but it is difficult to completely prevent the coolant from entering from the joint. Therefore, a drain hole 63 is provided at the bottom of the drive unit cover 61 to discharge the intruded coolant to the outside.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the drain hole 63 is provided with a labyrinth 64 that prevents reverse entry of water into the drive unit cover 61. The labyrinth 64 is provided in a water passage 65 that follows the drain hole 63, receives the water that falls from the drain hole 63, and is a first drain port 66 that is positioned horizontally offset from the drain hole 63. The first receiving piece 64a that allows water to flow downward and the water that falls from the first drain port 66 are received, and the water flows downward from the second drain port 67 that is positioned horizontally offset from the drain hole 63 or And a second receiving piece 64b that flows to the outside. According to the labyrinth 64, the water directly from the outside passes through the drain hole 63 and the drive unit cover 61 because the portion immediately below the drain hole 63 is double blocked by the first and second receiving pieces 64a and 64b. It is possible to effectively prevent intrusion.

  In the labyrinth 64 of FIG. 7, the second drainage port 67 faces horizontally, but the second drainage port 67 may be provided downward like the labyrinth 64 shown in FIG. 23. If the second drainage port 67 is facing downward, the effect of preventing reverse entry of water from the horizontal direction is high.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 24, a plug 68 that discharges water but inhibits reverse entry of water may be provided in the drain hole 63 and the water passage that follows, and this may be used as a labyrinth. As the plug member 68, for example, a porous sintered metal can be used.

  As shown in FIG. 4, a coolant tank 71 is attached to the lower part of the bed 6 so as to float from the floor surface F. The coolant tank 71 extends from the front end to the rear end of the bed 6 and further protrudes rearward of the bed 6. At the rear end of the coolant tank 71, a circulation motor 72 for circulating the internal coolant is provided. An upper surface portion of the coolant tank 71 facing the machining space S is opened, and a coolant discharge guide member 73 is provided in the opened portion. The coolant discharge guide member 73 collects the coolant used in the processing space S and the chips generated by the cutting process and guides them into the coolant tank 71.

  Inside the coolant tank 71, a chip conveyor 74 is provided. The chip conveyor 74 is provided with an endless conveyor rotating body 75 made of a net or a belt with holes or the like that passes coolant and prevents the passage of chips through a guide 76 such as a roller. . The conveyor rotating body 75 is rotationally driven by a conveyor driving motor 77 provided at the rear end of the chip conveyor 74. The chip conveyor 74 is formed as an inclined portion 74a in which a portion protruding rearward from the bed 6 is inclined upward, and discharges chips of the conveyor rotating body 75 from the upper end of the inclined portion 74a. The coolant that has dropped from the coolant discharge guide member 73 passes through the conveyor rotating body 75 and is stored in the coolant tank 71.

  The carry-in work placing table device 3 </ b> A and the carry-out work placing table device 3 </ b> B have the same configuration, and are respectively provided in the slide door 12. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, each of the workpiece mounting table devices 3 </ b> A and 3 </ b> B includes a workpiece mounting table 81 on which a workpiece is mounted, and an inside / outside position switching mechanism 82 that allows the workpiece mounting table 81 to enter / exit the processing space S. Have. The workpiece mounting table 81 is moved into and out of the processing space S through upper and lower openings 83A and 83B provided in the slide door 12 corresponding to the workpiece mounting devices 3A and 3B. Openable / closable shutters 84A and 84B are attached to the openings 83A and 83B, respectively.

  The workpiece mounting table 81 includes a substrate 85 that is long in the left-right direction, a pair of left and right workpiece support plates 86 provided on the substrate 85, and a pair of left and right positioning plates 87 provided outside the workpiece support plate 86. . The upper part of the work support plate 86 is V-shaped, and the work W is supported from below by the V-shaped part. The positioning plate 87 is composed of a vertical portion 87a and an outer opening portion 87b that continues above the vertical portion 87a. The workpiece W supplied from above is guided between the pair of vertical portions 87a by the pair of outer opening portions 87b. Performs horizontal positioning. Each of the pair of left and right workpiece support plates 86 and the positioning plate 87 is provided so as to be movable in the left-right direction, and the distance between them can be changed according to the length of the workpiece W.

  The inside / outside position switching mechanism 82 includes a first position switching unit 82a and a second position switching unit 82b. The first position switching unit 82 a supports the front / rear moving plate 90 movably back and forth by a pair of left and right first front / rear guides 89 provided on the slide door 12, and the first front / rear moving cylinder 91 supports the front / rear moving plate 90. Move back and forth. The second position switching unit 82 b supports the substrate 85 movably back and forth with a pair of left and right second front and rear guides 92 provided on the front and rear moving plate 90, and the second front and rear moving cylinder 93 moves the substrate 85 back and forth. Move. The front / rear moving plate 90 is a C-shape (not shown) whose front shape is open forward, and a left second front / rear guide 92 and a second front / rear moving cylinder 93 are provided on the left front / rear part 90a. A right-side second front-rear guide 92 is provided on the front-rear part 90b. In this way, by moving the substrate 85 back and forth in two steps by the first position switching unit 82a and the second position switching unit 82b, the front / rear position of the inner / outer position switching mechanism 82 is secured while ensuring the necessary length of the front / rear stroke. The length can be shortened. Thereby, the inside / outside position switching mechanism 82 can be installed in the slide door 12 having a narrow front-rear width.

  The inside / outside position switching mechanism 82 is covered with a switching mechanism cover 95. The switching mechanism cover 95 includes a left cover portion 95a that covers the left and right first and second front and rear guides 89 and 92, the first and second front and rear moving cylinders 91 and 93, and the left front and rear portion 90a of the front and rear moving plate 90. The first and second front and rear guides 89 and 92 on the right side, and the right cover portion 95b covering the right front and rear portion 90b of the front and rear moving plate 90. A working space 96 is formed between the left cover portion 95a and the right cover portion 95b.

  As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the slide door 12 is supported by the left and right guide means 101 so as to be slidable left and right. The left and right guide means 101 includes a rolling roller 103 provided in a door guide portion 102 protruding forward from the machine tool main body 2 and a guide protrusion 104 provided on the bottom surface of the slide door 12 and extending in the left and right directions. When the slide door 12 slides, the bottom surface of the guide protrusion 104 moves on the rolling roller 103 that rolls while contacting. A pair of long handles 105 </ b> L and 105 </ b> R that are vertically gripped by a hand when the sliding door 12 is slid is provided on the left and right sides of the sliding door 12.

  The sliding door 12 is provided with a locking means 106 that locks sliding in the closed state. The locking means 106 includes a concave portion 107 provided on the upper surface of the door guide portion 102 and a lock pin 108 whose lower end can be engaged with the concave portion 107 when the slide door 12 is closed. The lock pin 108 is integrally attached to the left handle 105L. The left handle 105L is provided so that it can move up and down by a slight amount. When the handle 105L is located at the lower end of the vertical movement range by its own weight, the tip of the lock pin 108 is engaged with the recess 107, and When the handle 105L is pulled up, the tip of the lock pin 108 comes out of the recess 107. Therefore, when the sliding door 12 is closed, the lock pin 108 engages with the recess 107 and is automatically locked unless an external force is applied. When opening the slide door 12, the left handle 105L is pulled up to release the lock, and then the slide door 12 is slid.

  The machine tool 1 has the above-described configuration, and generally operates as follows. That is, the operator supplies the material workpiece W to the workpiece mounting table 81 of the loading-side workpiece mounting table device 3A, and loads the material workpiece W into the processing space S of the machine tool main body 2 by the loading-side workpiece mounting table device 3A. The machine body 2 performs a predetermined process on the material workpiece W, the unloaded workpiece mounting device 3B unloads the processed workpiece W from the machining space S, and the worker removes the workpiece W from the workpiece loading table 81 of the unloading workpiece mounting table device 3B. The processed workpiece W is discharged. Hereinafter, the operation of each unit will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.

The workpiece W supported by the spindle 13 of the headstock 7 and the tailstock 18 of the tailstock 8 has been processed by the tool 22 of the tool rests 9A and 9B, and the workpiece placement of the loading-side workpiece placement device 3A is completed. A state in which the material workpiece W is placed on the placing table 81 is defined as an initial state (FIG. 12).
First, the unloading operation of the processed workpiece W by the turret chuck 23 of the lower tool post 9B and the unloading-side workpiece mounting table device 3B will be described.

  From the initial state of FIG. 12, the lower tool post 9 </ b> B is turned, and the turret chuck 23 is made to face the processed workpiece W supported by the main shaft 13 and the tailstock shaft 18 (FIG. 13). At this time, the turret chuck 23 is located immediately below the processed workpiece W. Next, the lower tool rest 9B is raised, and the claw 23a of the turret chuck 23 is closed, whereby the processed workpiece W is gripped by the turret chuck 23 (FIG. 14). FIG. 15A is a view of this state as viewed from the front.

  If the turret chuck 23 grips the processed workpiece W, the spindle chuck 14 opens and the tailstock 8 moves backward with respect to the spindle 13, and then the lower tool post 9 </ b> B moves left and right toward the side away from the spindle 13. By doing so, the machined workpiece W is pulled out from the spindle 13 (FIG. 15B). Thereafter, the lower tool post 9B turns to cause the turret chuck 23 to face forward (FIG. 16).

  Although the description is mixed, the shutters 84A and 84B are opened at the stage of FIG. With the shutters 84A and 84B opened, the workpiece mounting table 81 of the carry-out workpiece mounting table device 3B is moved rearward, whereby the workpiece mounting table 81 enters the machining space S through the opening 83B. When the workpiece mounting table 81 enters the processing space S, the lower tool rest 9B is lowered (FIG. 17), and the claw 23a of the turret chuck 23 is opened to release the processed workpiece W. Thereby, the processed workpiece W is delivered from the turret chuck 23 to the workpiece mounting table 81 (FIG. 18).

  The workpiece mounting table 81 of the unloading-side workpiece mounting table device 3B that has received the processed workpiece W moves forward and leaves the processing space S (FIG. 21). After the workpiece mounting table 81 is withdrawn, the lower tool post 9B turns, moves up and down, and moves left and right, and returns to the workpiece machining origin position (FIG. 22).

  While the turret chuck 23 of the lower turret 9B and the unloading-side workpiece mounting table device 3B are carrying out the unloading operation of the processed workpiece W, the turret chuck 23 of the upper turret 9A and the unloading-side workpiece mounting table device 3A. Performs the carrying-in operation of the material workpiece W. This carry-in operation will be described.

  From the initial state of FIG. 12, the upper tool post 9A turns to turn the turret chuck 23 forward (FIG. 13). Then, the shutters 84A and 84B are opened, and the upper tool rest 9A is lowered until the turret chuck 23 reaches the same height as the work placement height of the work placement table 81 of the loading-side work placement table device 3A. W is ready to accept (FIG. 14).

  Then, by moving the workpiece mounting table 81 of the carry-in workpiece mounting table device 3A rearward, the workpiece mounting table 81 enters the machining space S through the opening 83A (FIG. 16). If the workpiece mounting table 81 enters the machining space S, the turret chuck 23 grips the material workpiece W on the workpiece mounting table 81, and the upper tool post 9A is lifted, so that the turret chuck 23 moves from the workpiece mounting table 81. The material work W is taken up (FIG. 17).

  Next, the upper tool rest 9A is turned to turn the turret chuck 23 downward (FIG. 18), and the upper tool rest 9A is lowered to move the workpiece W held by the turret chuck 23 to the spindle 13 and The workpiece support height is maintained during machining by the tailstock shaft 18 (FIG. 19). FIG. 20A is a view of this state as viewed from the front.

  From the state shown in FIGS. 19 and 20A, the upper tool rest 9A moves left and right toward the side closer to the main shaft 13, and one end of the material workpiece W held by the turret chuck 23 is inserted into the main shaft chuck 14. . Next, after the spindle chuck 14 is closed and the tailstock 8 is moved forward with respect to the spindle 13, the turret chuck 23 is opened to release the material workpiece W. Thereby, the raw material workpiece | work W is supported by the main axis | shaft 13 and the tailstock 18 (FIG. 20 (B)).

  The workpiece mounting table 81 of the loading-side workpiece mounting table device 3A that has transferred the material workpiece W to the main shaft 13 and the tailstock shaft 18 moves forward and retreats from the machining space S (FIG. 21). After the workpiece mounting table 81 is withdrawn, the upper tool post 9A turns and moves up and down and left and right to enter a workpiece machining start state (FIG. 22). In addition, from the state of FIG. 22, the processed workpiece W is discharged | emitted from the workpiece mounting base 81 of the carrying-out side workpiece mounting base apparatus 3B by hand, and the raw material workpiece | work W is carried out to the workpiece mounting base 81 of the carrying-in side workpiece mounting base apparatus 3A. Supplied.

  Since this machine tool 1 has upper and lower two tool rests 9A and 9B, the work W can be simultaneously processed by the two tool rests 9A and 9B, and the processing efficiency is good. Moreover, by processing while sandwiching the workpiece W between the two tool rests 9A and 9B, it is possible to prevent the workpiece W from being bent at the time of processing, and it is possible to perform processing with high accuracy. Since the work W is attached to and detached from the spindle 13 automatically, the operator supplies the material work W to the work placing table 81 of the carry-in work placing table device 3A, and the work placing table of the unloading side work placing table device 3B. It is only necessary to discharge the processed workpiece W from 81. For this reason, workability can be improved, and variations in the mounting accuracy and mounting / dismounting time of the workpiece W can be eliminated. Since the carry-in work placing table device 3A and the carry-out work placing table device 3B are arranged side by side vertically, the worker W can be supplied and discharged without moving.

  Since the workpiece W is transferred between the workpiece placing table devices 3A and 3B and the spindle 13 via the turret chuck 23 which is a workpiece relay device, the workpiece W can be attached to and detached from the spindle 13 without moving the spindle 13. Is possible. Since the main shaft 13 is not moved, when the long work W is supported by the main shaft 13 and the tailstock 8 as in this embodiment, the centering of the work W by the tailstock 16 is easy.

  Since the workpiece mounting table 81 of the workpiece mounting table devices 3A and 3B enters and leaves the processing space S, the turret chuck 23 needs to move only in the processing space S. In the machining space S, the turret chuck 23 can linearly move in the direction of the main spindle axis O1 and in a direction perpendicular to the main spindle axis O1, and can turn around the turning axis O2 parallel to the main spindle axis O1. Therefore, the workpiece W can be reliably delivered between the workpiece placing table devices 3A and 3B and the spindle 13.

  The turret chuck 23 is provided on the tool rests 9A and 9B, and the turret chuck 23 is moved linearly and turned by a tool rest moving mechanism 25 for moving the tool rests 9A and 9B, and a tool rest turning mechanism for turning the tool rests 9A and 9B. 24, respectively. Therefore, it is not necessary to separately provide a moving mechanism and a turning mechanism for the turret chuck 23, and the configuration can be simplified. Further, since the turret chuck 23 is individually provided at the vertical positions corresponding to the carry-in side work placing table device 3A and the carry-out side work placing table device 3B, the turret chuck 23 is provided between the carry-in side work placing table device 3A and the spindle 13. The workpiece W can be transferred in parallel and the processed workpiece W can be transferred in parallel between the spindle 13 and the unload-side workpiece mounting table device 3B, thereby reducing the time required for loading and unloading the workpiece W. it can.

  Since the work placing table devices 3A and 3B are installed on the slide door 12 and the inside / outside position switching mechanism 82 is provided outside the openings 83A and 83B, the work placing table devices 3A and 3B are provided on the work placing table 81 located outside the processing space S. On the other hand, supply and discharge of the workpiece W can be performed, and these operations are easy. If the workpiece loading / unloading device 3 comprising the workpiece mounting table devices 3A and 3B is installed on the slide door 12, the workpiece loading / unloading device 3 can be assembled separately from the machine tool body 2 and the assembly work is easy. .

  The respective operation parts of the inside / outside position switching mechanism 82 are distributed to the left and right, and a working space is provided between the left cover part 95a and the right cover part 95b of the switching mechanism cover 95 that covers the inside / outside position switching mechanism 82. Since 96 is formed, the work space 96 can be put into the work space to supply the work W to the work mounting table 81 and to discharge the work W from the work mounting table 81 efficiently. In addition, when the work space 96 is provided, maintenance work in the machining space S can be easily performed. Furthermore, by configuring the shutters 84A and 84B with a transparent material, it is possible to monitor the state in the processing space S during processing from the work space 96 through the shutters 84A and 84B.

  The entry / exit of the work placement table 81 of the carry-in work placement table device 3A and the carry-out work placement table device 3B is performed with the slide door 12 closed. Since the slide is locked when the slide door 12 is closed by the lock means 106, the slide door 12 is not opened when the workpiece mounting table 81 is positioned in the processing region S, and it is safe.

  The air pipes 51 and 52 for opening and closing the turret chuck 23 are constituted by double pipes, and the axis of the double pipes is positioned on the same line as the pivot axis O2 of the tool rests 9A and 9B, thereby supporting the tool rest. The pipes 51 and 52 can be arranged inside the body 21. Thereby, compared with the case where the piping 51 and 52 is provided in the exterior of the tool post support body 21, a structure can be simplified.

  In the above embodiment, the machine tool is a lathe, but the present invention can also be applied to a machine tool having a spindle other than a lathe.

1 is a perspective view of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a front view of the machine tool. It is a top view of the machine tool. It is a fracture side view of the machine tool. It is sectional drawing of the tool post support body of the machine tool. (A) is an enlarged view of the VIA portion of FIG. 5, and (B) is a cross-sectional view of the VIB-VIB. (A) is an enlarged view of the VIIA portion of FIG. 5, and (B) is a view taken in the direction of the arrow VIIB. It is a front view of the slide cover support part of the machine tool. It is a side view of the slide cover support part. It is a front view of the carrying-in workpiece mounting base apparatus of the machine tool. It is a side view of the carrying-in side workpiece mounting base apparatus. It is explanatory drawing which shows the 1st step of operation | movement of the machine tool. It is explanatory drawing which shows the 2nd step of operation | movement of the machine tool. It is explanatory drawing which shows the 3rd stage of operation | movement of the machine tool. It is explanatory drawing which shows the 4th step of operation | movement of the machine tool. It is explanatory drawing which shows the 5th step of operation | movement of the machine tool. It is explanatory drawing which shows the 6th stage of operation | movement of the machine tool. It is explanatory drawing which shows the 7th step of operation | movement of the machine tool. It is explanatory drawing which shows the 8th step of operation | movement of the machine tool. It is explanatory drawing which shows the 9th step | paragraph of operation | movement of the machine tool. It is explanatory drawing which shows the 10th step of operation | movement of the machine tool. It is explanatory drawing which shows the 11th step | paragraph of operation | movement of the machine tool. It is sectional drawing of a different labyrinth. Furthermore, it is sectional drawing of a different labyrinth.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Machine tool 2 ... Machine tool main body 3 ... Work carrying in / out apparatus 3A ... Loading side work mounting base apparatus 3B ... Unloading side work mounting base apparatus 6 ... Bed 7 ... Spindle base 8 ... Tailstock 9A, 9B ... Tool post 11 ... Airframe cover 12 ... Slide door 13 ... Spindle 23 ... Turret chuck (work relay device)
24 ... Turret turning mechanism 25 ... Turret moving mechanism 81 ... Work table 82 ... Inside / outside position switching mechanism O1 ... Spindle axis O2 ... Turning axis S ... Processing space W ... Workpiece

Claims (6)

  A bed, a spindle stand that is installed on the bed and supports the spindle, a pair of tool rests that are movably installed on the bed and that supports the workpiece, and a workpiece mounting table device that places the workpiece; A machine tool provided with a work relay device installed on each of the tool rests and capable of gripping a work, and transferring the work between the work placing table device and the spindle by movement of the tool post.   The workpiece relay device is capable of linear movement in the axial direction of the spindle and in the direction perpendicular to the spindle axis, together with the tool rest, by means of a tool rest moving mechanism that moves the tool rest. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein a turning movement around a turning axis parallel to the spindle axis is possible together with the tool rest by a turning tool turning mechanism.   The workpiece mounting table device includes a workpiece mounting table on which a workpiece is mounted, and an inside / outside position switching mechanism for moving the workpiece mounting table in and out of a machining space which is a space where the workpiece and the tool rest are supported by the spindle. 3. The machine tool according to claim 2, wherein the workpiece relay device transfers the workpiece between the workpiece mounting table and the spindle in a state where the workpiece mounting table is positioned in the machining space. A machine tool comprising a machine tool main body and a work loading / unloading device for loading and unloading a work into and from the machine tool main body,
The workpiece loading / unloading device is composed of a loading-side workpiece mounting table device and a loading-side workpiece mounting table that are arranged vertically on the front part of the machine tool main body, and both the workpiece loading table devices are respectively in the longitudinal direction of the workpiece. A workpiece mounting table on which the workpiece can be placed on the left and right sides, and an inside / outside position switching mechanism for moving the workpiece mounting table in and out of the machine tool body,
The machine tool body is supported on a bed, a headstock having a main shaft that is disposed on one side in the longitudinal direction that is the left-right direction of the bed, and that can support one end of a work that is long in the left-right direction, and the main shaft. A tool post for machining a workpiece, and a workpiece workpiece received from the workpiece mounting table of the loading-side workpiece mounting table device in the machine tool body, transferred to the spindle, and a machined workpiece received from the spindle to machine it. A work relay device that passes to the work placement table of the carry-out work placement table device located in the machine body,
Machine Tools.   The machine tool according to claim 4, wherein the work relay device is individually provided at each of vertical positions corresponding to the carry-in side work placing table device and the carry-out side work placing table device.   The machine tool according to claim 4, wherein the workpiece relay device is provided on the tool post.

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