JP2009179555A - 燃料電池用水素燃料発生システム - Google Patents
燃料電池用水素燃料発生システム Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical group O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 112
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 112
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 54
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 biogas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】一次燃料を水素に転化するリフォーミングプロセスを実行するための装置ならびにCOからリフォーミングプロセスを去っていく水素燃料の流れをクリーニングする少なくとも1つの装置を包含し、該クリーニング装置が、第一の流路(21)および第二の流路(24)に面するCOに対して選択的透過性を示す膜(22)を包含し、膜(22)から第二の流路(24)にCOを運び去さる燃料電池用水素燃料発生システムであって、前記膜(22)が本質的にCOを膜に吸着させてCOに対して選択的透過性を示すとともに、マイクロポーラス構造を示すセラミック材料によって構成され、細孔のサイズがCOを吸着する膜を通過して水素の輸送が阻害されないように形成されている。
【選択図】図1
Description
H2O + CO (←)→ CO2 + H2 (1)
反応1で示されているように、WGS反応は平衡反応と呼ばれるものであり、このことは、反応が左に向かっても進行することを意味する。究極的に反応が右へ進むか左へ進むかは、温度、関与する物質の濃度などの操作条件に依存する。たとえば、平衡状態にある反応混合物に水またはCOが供給されれば、究極的反応は右へ進むであろう。CO2または水素を反応混合物から除去しても、同じことが起こる。これとの関連で、可能な最大量の水素を生じさせるために、反応をできるだけ右へ推し進めることが原則として望ましいが、反応速度などの他のパラメータも考慮に入れなければならない。スチームリフォーミングおよび部分酸化には適当な比較的高い温度では、反応1の平衡が左へ、すなわち水およびCOが生成する方向へ、移動する。水素の生成を増すために、また、燃料電池では普通望ましくないCOの量を減少させるために、従来のシステムは、第一段階で生成したプロセスガスの冷却後に、WGS反応をより低温で進行させて、平衡を右へ移動させる第二のリフォーミング段階を包含しているのが普通である。
Claims (8)
- 一次燃料を水素に転化するリフォーミングプロセスを実行するための装置ならびにCOからリフォーミングプロセスを去っていく水素燃料の流れをクリーニングする少なくとも1つの装置を包含し、該クリーニング装置が、第一の流路(21)および第二の流路(24)に面するCOに対して選択的透過性を示す膜(22)を包含し、膜(22)から第二の流路(24)にCOを運び去さる燃料電池用水素燃料発生システムであって、
前記膜(22)が本質的にCOを膜に吸着させてCOに対して選択的透過性を示すとともに、マイクロポーラス構造を示すセラミック材料によって構成され、細孔のサイズがCOを吸着する膜を通過して水素の輸送が阻害されないように形成されていることを特徴とするシステム。 - 前記第一の流路を通って水素燃料の流れが通過するように配置されていること、および、前記膜の二次側(25)が酸化触媒の層(23)によって少なくとも部分的に被覆されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記第二の流路(24)を酸素含有フラッシングガス、好ましくは空気の流れが通過するように配置され、COの酸化が酸素含有フラッシングガスの手段によって膜の二次側で少なくとも部分的に行われることを特徴とする請求項1または2のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- フラッシングガスの流れが、第一室(21)中の主たる流れの方向とは本質的に逆の方向に通過するように配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 膜(22)がCO2に対しても選択的透過性を示すことを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 膜(22)がゼオライト構造またはゼオライト様構造を示すことを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 前記膜が20Åより小さいサイズの細孔を有することを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 前記システムが移動/可搬式用途向けに配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載のシステム。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE0200589-0 | 2002-02-27 | ||
| SE0200589A SE523260C2 (sv) | 2002-02-27 | 2002-02-27 | System för generering av vätgasbränsle till en bränslecell |
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| JP2003571205A Division JP5237519B2 (ja) | 2002-02-27 | 2003-02-25 | 燃料電池用水素燃料発生システム |
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| JP2009179555A5 JP2009179555A5 (ja) | 2011-01-06 |
| JP5551384B2 JP5551384B2 (ja) | 2014-07-16 |
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| JP2009111811A Expired - Lifetime JP5551384B2 (ja) | 2002-02-27 | 2009-05-01 | 燃料電池用水素燃料発生システム |
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|---|---|
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| EP (2) | EP1480907B1 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JP5237519B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1288072C (ja) |
| AT (1) | ATE526283T1 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2003217097A1 (ja) |
| CA (2) | CA2690210C (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES2374286T3 (ja) |
| SE (1) | SE523260C2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2003072493A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012236137A (ja) * | 2011-05-11 | 2012-12-06 | Hitachi Zosen Corp | 石炭ガス化プロセスにおける二酸化炭素膜分離システム、およびこれを用いた石炭ガス化複合発電設備 |
| JP2018512368A (ja) * | 2015-04-08 | 2018-05-17 | ハルドール・トプサー・アクチエゼルスカベット | Co2膜を含む改質装置 |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20070023210A1 (en) * | 2005-07-28 | 2007-02-01 | Caterpillar Inc. | Electrical system of a mobile machine |
| US7291934B2 (en) * | 2005-08-30 | 2007-11-06 | Caterpillar Inc. | Machine with an electrical system |
| EP1808327A1 (en) * | 2006-01-13 | 2007-07-18 | Claudio Rossi | Electric energy production through fuel cells fed by hydrogen obtained from ethanol catalytic reforming |
| US7484583B2 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2009-02-03 | Caterpillar Inc. | Auxiliary power unit for moving a vehicle |
| DE102010049794A1 (de) * | 2010-05-25 | 2011-12-01 | Diehl Aerospace Gmbh | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Energie und die Verwendung eines Stoffgemisches zur Erzeugung von Energie |
| US10886548B2 (en) | 2014-05-07 | 2021-01-05 | L3 Open Water Power, Inc. | Hydrogen management in electrochemical systems |
| JP2021017380A (ja) * | 2019-07-18 | 2021-02-15 | 株式会社デンソー | 燃料改質システム |
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2002
- 2002-02-27 SE SE0200589A patent/SE523260C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2003
- 2003-02-25 EP EP03713122A patent/EP1480907B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 CN CNB038048337A patent/CN1288072C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 JP JP2003571205A patent/JP5237519B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 WO PCT/SE2003/000314 patent/WO2003072493A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-02-25 CA CA2690210A patent/CA2690210C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 CA CA2476020A patent/CA2476020C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 AU AU2003217097A patent/AU2003217097A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-25 EP EP07007482.8A patent/EP1808410B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-25 AT AT03713122T patent/ATE526283T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-02-25 ES ES03713122T patent/ES2374286T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-08-27 US US10/711,152 patent/US20050000161A1/en not_active Abandoned
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| JPH04227826A (ja) * | 1990-06-05 | 1992-08-17 | Mobil Oil Corp | 分子ふるい特性及び/又は接触活性を有する微孔質膜およびその製造方法 |
| JP2000070655A (ja) * | 1998-09-01 | 2000-03-07 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | 高純度coの製造方法及び製造装置 |
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| JP2012236137A (ja) * | 2011-05-11 | 2012-12-06 | Hitachi Zosen Corp | 石炭ガス化プロセスにおける二酸化炭素膜分離システム、およびこれを用いた石炭ガス化複合発電設備 |
| JP2018512368A (ja) * | 2015-04-08 | 2018-05-17 | ハルドール・トプサー・アクチエゼルスカベット | Co2膜を含む改質装置 |
| US10647573B2 (en) | 2015-04-08 | 2020-05-12 | Haldor Topsøe A/S | Reformer device comprising a CO2 membrane |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2003072493A8 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
| ES2374286T3 (es) | 2012-02-15 |
| SE0200589D0 (sv) | 2002-02-27 |
| CA2476020C (en) | 2012-09-11 |
| ATE526283T1 (de) | 2011-10-15 |
| EP1808410A3 (en) | 2007-08-01 |
| WO2003072493A1 (en) | 2003-09-04 |
| AU2003217097A1 (en) | 2003-09-09 |
| SE0200589L (sv) | 2003-08-28 |
| JP2005519012A (ja) | 2005-06-30 |
| JP5237519B2 (ja) | 2013-07-17 |
| CA2476020A1 (en) | 2003-09-04 |
| JP5551384B2 (ja) | 2014-07-16 |
| CA2690210C (en) | 2014-08-05 |
| US20050000161A1 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
| EP1480907B1 (en) | 2011-09-28 |
| CA2690210A1 (en) | 2003-09-04 |
| AU2003217097A8 (en) | 2003-09-09 |
| EP1808410B1 (en) | 2013-04-10 |
| CN1639057A (zh) | 2005-07-13 |
| EP1480907A1 (en) | 2004-12-01 |
| SE523260C2 (sv) | 2004-04-06 |
| EP1808410A2 (en) | 2007-07-18 |
| CN1288072C (zh) | 2006-12-06 |
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