JP2008169774A - Perforated fuel injection valve - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a porous fuel injection valve suitably achieving deposit washing out effect and atomization of fuel even in an injection hole having a small tilt angle. <P>SOLUTION: In the porous fuel injection valve for forming the flat spray, a nozzle plate 28 is disposed on an end of a nozzle body. A plurality of injection holes 30A-30E having different tilt angles are provided on the nozzle plate 28. A plurality of grooves 32A-32E are provided in the vicinity of the plurality of the injection holes 30A-30E. The groove 32C provided in the vicinity of the injection hole 30C having the small tilt angle is larger than the grooves 32A and 32E provided in the vicinity of the injection holes 30A and 30E having the large tilt angles. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a porous fuel injection valve for an internal combustion engine, and more particularly to a porous fuel injection valve that forms a flat spray.

  A porous fuel injection valve having a plurality of injection holes is known (for example, see Patent Document 1). According to this porous fuel injection valve, the swirl flow is given to the fuel by providing the groove communicating with the injection hole.

JP 2004-340121 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-43640

By the way, when a flat spray is formed by the porous fuel injection valve, it is necessary to make the inclination angles of the plurality of injection holes different.
However, in the nozzle hole with the small inclination angle, the swirling flow of the fuel flowing into the nozzle hole is weaker than the nozzle hole with the large inclination angle. As a result, in the nozzle hole with a small inclination angle, the turbulence of the fuel flow becomes weak, and the effect of washing away deposits adhering to the wall surface of the nozzle hole may be insufficient. Furthermore, fuel atomization may be insufficient in the nozzle holes having a small inclination angle.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and provides a porous fuel injection valve capable of sufficiently realizing the deposit flushing effect and the atomization of fuel even in an injection hole having a small inclination angle. Objective.

In order to achieve the above object, a first invention is a porous fuel injection valve that forms a flat spray,
A nozzle body having a needle valve therein;
A nozzle plate provided at the tip of the nozzle body;
A plurality of nozzle holes provided in the nozzle plate, and a plurality of nozzle holes having different inclination angles of the nozzle hole central axis;
A swirl flow adjusting means for strengthening a swirl flow of the fuel flowing into the nozzle hole having a small inclination angle as compared with a swirl flow of the fuel flowing into the nozzle hole having a large tilt angle is provided.

The second invention is the first invention, wherein
The swirl flow adjusting means is a plurality of grooves provided in the vicinity of the nozzle hole of the nozzle plate, and the groove provided in the vicinity of the nozzle hole having a small inclination angle is provided near the nozzle hole having a large inclination angle. It is characterized by being larger than the provided groove.

The third invention is the first invention, wherein
The swirling flow adjusting means shortens the distance from the nozzle hole having a small inclination angle to the needle valve as compared with the distance from the nozzle hole having a large inclination angle to the needle valve. To do.

  According to the first invention, in order to form a flat spray, the inclination angles of the plurality of nozzle holes are made different. Here, the nozzle hole with a small inclination angle may weaken the swirl flow of the fuel flowing into the nozzle hole as compared with the nozzle hole with a large inclination angle. According to the first aspect of the invention, the swirl flow adjusting means enhances the swirl flow of the fuel flowing into the nozzle hole having a small inclination angle as compared with the swirl flow of the fuel flowing into the nozzle hole having a large tilt angle. As a result, even in a nozzle hole with a small inclination angle, as with a nozzle hole with a large inclination angle, the turbulence of fuel flow can be strengthened, and the effect of washing away deposits adhering to the wall surface of the nozzle hole can be sufficiently obtained. it can. Furthermore, atomization of the fuel can be sufficiently improved even in the injection hole with a small inclination angle, similarly to the injection hole with a large inclination angle.

  According to the second invention, the swirl flow adjusting means is constituted by a plurality of grooves provided in the vicinity of the nozzle hole of the nozzle plate. Of the plurality of grooves, the groove provided in the vicinity of the nozzle hole having a small inclination angle is made larger than the groove provided in the vicinity of the nozzle hole having a large inclination angle. Here, the larger the groove, the greater the effect of increasing the swirling flow by the groove. Accordingly, a strong swirling flow of fuel can be realized even in the nozzle hole having a small inclination angle.

  According to the third invention, the swirl flow adjusting means is configured to shorten the distance from the injection hole having a small inclination angle to the needle valve as compared with the distance from the injection hole having a large inclination angle to the needle valve. The Here, the shorter the distance from the nozzle hole to the needle valve, the greater the swirling flow of the fuel flowing into the nozzle hole. Accordingly, a strong swirling flow of fuel can be realized even in the nozzle hole having a small inclination angle.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the element which is common in each figure, and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a porous fuel injection valve 10 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The porous fuel injection valve 10 according to the first embodiment can be suitably used, for example, in a direct injection type gasoline engine that directly injects fuel into a cylinder of an internal combustion engine. However, the application of the porous fuel injection valve according to the present invention is not limited to a gasoline engine, and is not limited to a direct injection type engine.

  A porous fuel injection valve 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a fixed iron core 12 made of a magnetic material. A movable iron core 16 is disposed at a position adjacent to the fixed iron core 12. The movable iron core 16 is urged downward in FIG. 1 by a coil spring 14. The movable iron core 16 can slide in the axial direction inside the fuel injection valve 10. An electromagnetic coil 18 is provided on the outer periphery of the fixed iron core 12. When the electromagnetic coil 18 generates a predetermined magnetic force, the movable iron core 16 is attracted to the fixed iron core 12. On the other hand, when the magnetic force disappears, the movable iron core 16 is separated from the fixed iron core 12 by the biasing force of the coil spring 14.

  The movable iron core 16 is connected to a needle valve 20 that displaces the porous fuel injection valve 10 together with the movable iron core 16. The porous fuel injection valve 10 includes a nozzle body 22 formed so as to surround the needle valve 20. That is, the nozzle body 22 has the needle valve 20 inside. The nozzle body 22 has a seat portion 26 with which the tip portion 24 of the needle valve 20 abuts. A space 34 is formed between the needle valve 20 and the nozzle body 22. The space 34 is supplied with high-pressure fuel from a fuel supply source (not shown).

  A nozzle plate 28 is assembled at the tip of the nozzle body 22. As will be described in detail later, the nozzle plate 28 is provided with a plurality of nozzle holes 30 and grooves 32 for adjusting the swirling flow (swirl force) of the fuel flowing into the nozzle holes 30. A volume portion 36 is formed by the needle valve 20, the nozzle body 22, and the nozzle plate 28.

[Features of Embodiment 1]
When the exciting current is not supplied to the electromagnetic coil 18 shown in FIG. 1, the needle valve 20 is seated on the seat portion 26 of the nozzle body 22. As a result, the high-pressure fuel stored in the space 34 around the needle valve 20 does not flow into the volume portion 36. For this reason, fuel is not injected from the nozzle hole 30.

  On the other hand, when an exciting current is supplied to the electromagnetic coil 18, the needle valve 20 is separated from the seat portion 26 by the movable iron core 16 being attracted to the fixed iron core 12. As a result, the high-pressure fuel stored in the space 34 flows into the volume portion 36. The fuel that has flowed into the volume portion 36 further flows into the plurality of nozzle holes 30.

  The porous fuel injection valve 10 forms a flat spray (for example, fan spray or oval spray) by the plurality of nozzle holes 30. In order to realize such flat spray, the fuel injection angle of each nozzle hole 30 is made different. That is, the inclination angle (hereinafter referred to as “injection hole inclination angle”) A of the central axis CH of each nozzle hole 30 with respect to the center axis line (hereinafter referred to as “needle valve center axis”) CN of the needle valve 20 is differentiated. . For example, the nozzle hole inclination angle A is set so that the fuel injected from each nozzle hole 30 is aligned at a position 40 mm below the nozzle plate 28.

  FIG. 2 is a top view of the nozzle plate 28 shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from the needle valve 20 side. FIG. 3 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view showing the periphery of the tip of the porous fuel injection valve 10 shown in FIG. The cross section of the nozzle plate 28 shown in FIG. 3 corresponds to the AA cross section in FIG. FIG. 4 is a schematic view collectively showing a plurality of nozzle holes 30 </ b> A to 30 </ b> E provided in the nozzle plate 28.

As shown in FIG. 2, five nozzle holes 30 </ b> A to 30 </ b> E are formed at equal intervals in the nozzle plate 28. In FIG. 4, the symbols “CH _{30A to} CH _30E ” represent the central axes of the nozzle holes _{30A to 30E} , respectively. Further, “A _{30A to} A _30E ” represent the nozzle hole inclination angles, respectively. As shown in FIG. 4, the magnitude relationship of these injection holes inclination angle _A 30A _{to A 30E is, A 30A, A 30E> A} 30B, there is a _{A 30D>} A _30C.
By forming the nozzle holes 30A to 30E so as to have such a magnitude relationship of the nozzle hole inclination angles, a flat spray in which the horizontal direction in FIG. 2 is the longitudinal direction and the vertical direction in the figure is the short direction is shown. Can be realized.

By the way, in the porous fuel injection valve such as the porous fuel injection valve 10, regardless of the injection hole inclination angle A, the fuel (fluid) flows into the injection hole 30 while turning.
Further, according to Patent Document 1 described above, a swirl flow is imparted to the fuel by providing a groove communicating with the injection hole.

  However, the technique of Patent Document 1 cannot be applied as it is to the porous fuel injection valve 10 according to the first embodiment. As a result of the study by the present inventor, the nozzle hole with a small nozzle hole tilt angle (for example, the nozzle hole 30C) flows into the nozzle hole as compared with the nozzle hole with a large nozzle hole tilt angle (for example, 30A, 30E). It turns out that the swirl flow of fuel becomes weak.

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 4, the nozzle hole inclination angle A _30C of the nozzle hole _30C is smaller than the nozzle hole inclination angles A _30A and A _30E of the nozzle holes 30A and 30E. According to the study by the present inventors, in the state as it is, the swirl flow of the fuel flowing into the nozzle hole 30C becomes weaker than the swirl flow of the fuel flowing into the nozzle holes 30A and 30E. In particular, the swirl flow on the stagnation region R (FIG. 2) side described later becomes weak.

  As a result, in such a nozzle hole with a small nozzle hole inclination angle, the turbulence of the fuel flow becomes weaker than that of a nozzle hole with a large nozzle hole inclination angle, so carbon deposits (hereinafter abbreviated as “deposit”) attached to the inner wall of the nozzle hole. )) May be insufficient.

  Furthermore, in a nozzle hole with a small nozzle hole tilt angle, the penetration force of the spray becomes weaker and the atomization of fuel may be insufficient as compared with a nozzle hole with a large nozzle hole tilt angle. As a result, there is a possibility that a flat spray with uniform fuel atomization cannot be formed by the porous fuel injection valve.

  Therefore, in the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, grooves 32 </ b> A to 32 </ b> E are provided near the nozzle holes 30 </ b> A to 30 </ b> E formed in the nozzle plate 28.

Incidentally, the broken line L in FIG. 2 is a line connecting the nozzle hole wall surface on the needle valve central axis CN side. A region R inside the broken line L (on the needle valve center axis CN side) is a so-called “stagnation region” in which there is no or extremely little fuel flow. Even if the groove as described above is formed in the stagnation region R, the flow of fuel is originally small, so that the turning force of the fuel cannot be increased by the groove.
In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of grooves 32 </ b> A to 32 </ b> E are formed in a region other than the stagnation region R, that is, a region outside the broken line L.

The lengths of these grooves 32A to 32E are made different according to the injection hole inclination angles A30A to A30E of the corresponding injection holes _{30A to 30E} . Specifically, the length of the groove 32C near the nozzle hole 30C with a small nozzle hole tilt angle is longer than the length of the grooves 32A and 32E near the nozzle holes 30A and 30E with a large nozzle hole tilt angle. Has been. That is, the groove 32C is formed larger than the grooves 32A and 32E. Further, the length of the grooves 32B and 32d near the nozzle holes 30B and 30d having an intermediate inclination angle is set between the length of the groove 32C and the length of the grooves 32A and 32E.

Here, the longer the length of the groove 32, the stronger the swirling flow of the fuel flowing into the nozzle hole 30 near the groove 32. Therefore, the swirling flow of the fuel flowing into the nozzle hole _30C having the small nozzle hole inclination angle A _30C is stronger than the swirling flow of the fuel flowing into the nozzle holes 30A, 30E having the large nozzle hole inclination angles A _30A and A _30E. It is done. As shown by the arrow L1 in FIG. 2, when the swirling flow of the fuel flowing into the nozzle hole 30C is strengthened, a part of the fuel in the stagnation region R is stirred and flows into the nozzle hole 30C. As a result, even in the nozzle hole _30C having the small nozzle hole inclination angle A _30C , the turbulence of the fuel flow in the nozzle hole is strengthened in the same manner as the nozzle holes 30A and 30E having the large nozzle hole inclination angles A _30A and A _30E . The effect of washing away deposits adhering to the wall surface of the nozzle hole can be sufficiently obtained. Further, even in the nozzle hole 30C having a small nozzle hole inclination angle, the spray penetration force is strengthened, and fuel atomization can be improved. Therefore, according to the porous fuel injection valve 10 according to the first embodiment, a flat spray with uniform fuel atomization can be formed.

  In the first embodiment, the grooves 32A and 32E having a short length are formed near the nozzle holes 30A and 30E having a large nozzle tilt angle. However, the grooves 32A and 32E are not necessarily formed. Also good. Even in the case where the grooves 32A and 32E are not formed, a swirling flow is generated to some extent in the vicinity of the inlets of the nozzle holes 30A and 30E where the nozzle hole inclination angle is large, so that the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained. it can.

  In the first embodiment, the length of the groove 32 is made different according to the injection hole inclination angle A. However, as shown in FIG. 5, the width of the groove may be made different. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a first modification of the first embodiment. In the first modification, the length of the groove is constant, and the width of the groove 32C in the vicinity of the nozzle hole 30C having a small nozzle hole inclination angle is equal to that of the grooves 32A and 32E in the vicinity of the nozzle holes 30A and 30E having a large nozzle hole inclination angle. It is wider than the width. That is, the groove 32C is formed larger than the grooves 32A and 32E. Further, the widths of the grooves 32B and 32D in the vicinity of the nozzle holes 30B and 30D are set to intermediate widths. By forming such grooves 32A to 32E, as in the first embodiment, the swirling flow of the fuel flowing into the nozzle hole 30C having a small nozzle hole tilt angle is converted into the nozzle holes 30A and 30E having a large nozzle hole tilt angle. It can be strengthened as compared with the swirling flow of the fuel flowing into the fuel.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 6, both the length and width of the groove may be made different according to the nozzle hole inclination angle. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a second modification of the first embodiment. In the second modification, the width of the groove 32C is made larger than the width of the grooves 32A and 32E. Further, the length of the groove 32C is longer than the length of the grooves 32A and 32E. According to the second modification, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained.

  In the first embodiment, the nozzle hole 30 and the groove 32 are separated from each other, but the nozzle hole 30 and the groove 32 may be communicated with each other as shown in FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a third modification of the first embodiment. Also according to the third modification, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained.

  Furthermore, the formation position of the injection hole 30 and the shape and formation position of the groove 32 may be changed as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, the length and width of the groove 32 can be gradually changed.

  In the first embodiment and its modification, the needle valve 20 is the “needle valve” in the first invention, the nozzle body 22 is the “nozzle body” in the first invention, and the nozzle plate 28 is the first. In the “nozzle plate” of the present invention, the nozzle holes 30A to 30E are the “plurality of nozzle holes” in the first invention, and the grooves 32A to 32E are the “swirl flow adjusting means” in the first and second inventions, respectively. Equivalent to.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
According to the first embodiment and the modification thereof, the size (length, width, etc.) of the groove 32 is made different according to the injection hole inclination angle A. Thereby, the swirl flow in the nozzle hole _{30C having} the small nozzle hole tilt angle A _30C is strengthened compared to the swirl flow in the nozzle holes 30A and 30E having the large nozzle hole tilt angles A _30A and A _30E .

  On the other hand, in the second embodiment, the distance from the nozzle hole 30 to the needle valve 20 is made different according to the inclination angle A of the nozzle hole 30. In other words, the volume of the volume portion 36 located above the nozzle hole 30 is made different according to the inclination angle A of the nozzle hole 30. As described below, this is realized by forming a spacer 33 at the needle valve tip 24 and making the thickness of the spacer 33 different according to the injection hole inclination angle A of the injection hole 30.

FIG. 8 is a top view showing the positional relationship between the nozzle holes 30A to 30E and the spacers 33A to 33E in the second embodiment. FIG. 9 is a diagram collectively showing the spacers 33A to 33E shown in FIG.
As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, spacers 33 </ b> A to 33 </ b> E are formed at the needle valve tip 24 facing the nozzle holes 30 </ b> A to 30 </ b> E. The spacers 33 </ b> A to 33 </ b> E are preferably made of the same material as the needle valve 20.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the thicknesses T of the spacers 33A to 33E are made different according to the inclination angles of the nozzle holes 30A to 30E. Specifically, the thickness T1 of the spacer 33C facing the nozzle hole 30C with a small nozzle hole tilt angle is thicker than the thickness T3 of the spacers 33A and 33E facing the nozzle holes 30A and 30E with a large nozzle hole tilt angle. Has been. The thickness T2 of the spacers 33B and 33D facing the nozzle holes 30B and 30D having an intermediate nozzle hole inclination angle is set between the thickness T1 and the thickness T3.

  By setting the thicknesses of the spacers 33A to 33E in this way, as shown in FIG. 9, the distance D1 from the injection hole 30C having a small injection hole inclination angle to the needle valve 20 is the injection hole 30A having a large injection hole inclination angle. 30E to the needle valve 20 is made shorter than the distance D3. That is, the volume of the volume part 36 located above the nozzle hole 30C is made smaller than the volume of the volume part 36 located above the nozzle holes 30A, 30E. In addition, the distance D2 from the nozzle holes 30B and 30D having an intermediate inclination angle to the needle valve 20 is between the distance D1 and the distance D3.

  Here, the shorter the distance D from the injection hole 30 to the needle valve 20, that is, the smaller the volume of the volume portion 36 above the injection hole 30, the higher the rate of contraction when the fuel flows into the injection hole 30. The swirling flow of the fuel flowing into the nozzle hole 30 becomes stronger and the turbulence of the fuel flow becomes stronger.

Therefore, by the spacers 33A to 33E, the swirling flow of the fuel flowing into the nozzle hole 30C having the small nozzle hole tilt angle is compared with the swirling flow of the fuel flowing into the nozzle holes 30A, 30E having the large nozzle hole tilt angle. Strengthened. As a result, even in the nozzle hole _30C having the small nozzle hole inclination angle A _30C , the turbulence of the fuel flow in the nozzle hole is strengthened in the same manner as the nozzle holes 30A and 30E having the large nozzle hole inclination angles A _30A and A _30E . The effect of washing away deposits adhering to the wall surface of the nozzle hole can be sufficiently obtained. Further, atomization of fuel can be improved also in the nozzle hole 30C having a small nozzle hole inclination angle. Therefore, according to Embodiment 2, a flat spray with uniform fuel atomization can be formed.

  By the way, in this Embodiment 2, although the rectangular parallelepiped spacer 33A-33E is provided in the needle valve front-end | tip part 24, the shape of this spacer 33A-33E is not limited to a rectangular parallelepiped, For example, a cylindrical spacer is provided. Also good.

In the second embodiment, the spacer 33 is formed on the needle valve tip 24. However, as shown in FIG. 10, the needle valve tip 24 may be processed.
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a modification of the second embodiment. Specifically, FIG. 10A is a sectional view in the vicinity of the nozzle holes 30A and 30E, FIG. 10B is a sectional view in the vicinity of the nozzle holes 30B and 30D, and FIG. 10C is in the vicinity of the nozzle hole 30C. FIG.
As shown in FIG. 10, the needle valve tip portion 24 is processed so as to have a plurality of convex portions 25 </ b> A to 25 </ b> E at positions facing the plurality of injection holes 30 </ b> A to 30 </ b> E. The distances from the nozzle holes 30A to 30E to the needle valve 20 are made different by the convex portions 25A to 25E. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 10A, the distance from the nozzle holes 30A, 30E having a large nozzle hole inclination angle to the needle valve 20 is set to D3 by the convex portions 25A, 25E having a thickness T3. Further, as shown in FIG. 10C, the distance from the injection hole 30C having a small injection hole inclination angle to the needle valve 20 is set to D1 shorter than D3 by the convex part 25C having a thickness T1 (> T3). Yes. Further, as shown in FIG. 10B, the distances from the nozzle holes 30B, 30D having the intermediate nozzle hole inclination angle to the needle valve 20 are set to D2, D4 by the convex portions 25B, 25D having the thickness T2. .
According to this modification, the distance D1 from the nozzle hole 30C having a small nozzle hole tilt angle to the needle valve 20 is shorter than the distance D3 from the nozzle holes 30A, 30E having a large nozzle hole tilt angle to the needle valve 20. Therefore, the same effect as in the second embodiment can be obtained.

  In the second embodiment, the convex portions 25A and 25E are also formed at positions facing the nozzle holes 30A and 30E having a large nozzle hole inclination angle, but the convex portions 25A and 25E on the needle valve tip portion 24 are formed. Is not necessarily formed.

  In the second embodiment and its modifications, the spacers 33A to 33E and the convex portions 25A to 25E correspond to the “swirl flow adjusting means” in the second invention.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the porous fuel injection valve 10 by Embodiment 1 of this invention. FIG. 3 is a top view of the nozzle plate 28 shown in FIG. 1 viewed from the needle valve 20 side. It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view which expanded and represented the front-end | tip part periphery of the porous fuel injection valve 10 shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram collectively showing nozzle holes 30A to 30E provided in the nozzle plate 28. It is a figure which shows the 1st modification of Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the 2nd modification of Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the 3rd modification of Embodiment 1 of this invention. In Embodiment 2 of this invention, it is a top view which shows the positional relationship of nozzle hole 30A-30E and spacer 33A-33E. It is the schematic diagram which showed collectively the spacers 33A-33E shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the modification of Embodiment 2 of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Porous fuel injection valve 20 Needle valve 22 Nozzle body 24 Needle valve front-end | tip part 25 Convex part 28 Nozzle plate 30 Injection hole 32 Groove 33 Spacer 36 Volume part

Claims (3)

A porous fuel injection valve that forms a flat spray,
A nozzle body having a needle valve therein;
A nozzle plate provided at the tip of the nozzle body;
A plurality of nozzle holes provided in the nozzle plate, and a plurality of nozzle holes having different inclination angles of the nozzle hole central axis;
Porous fuel comprising swirl flow adjusting means for strengthening swirl flow of fuel flowing into the nozzle hole having a small inclination angle as compared with swirl flow of fuel flowing into the nozzle hole having a large tilt angle Injection valve. The porous fuel injection valve according to claim 1,
The swirl flow adjusting means is a plurality of grooves provided in the vicinity of the nozzle hole of the nozzle plate, and the groove provided in the vicinity of the nozzle hole having a small inclination angle is provided near the nozzle hole having a large inclination angle. A porous fuel injection valve characterized by being larger than a provided groove. The porous fuel injection valve according to claim 1,
The swirling flow adjusting means shortens the distance from the nozzle hole having a small inclination angle to the needle valve as compared with the distance from the nozzle hole having a large inclination angle to the needle valve. Perforated fuel injection valve.

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