JP2008064372A - Heat exchanger type heat storage system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a simply-structured highly-reliable heat storage system, which can flexibly comply with various heat supplies and heat outputs and can realize high heat density, reduced in size, easy in installation in the field, and reduced in a heat loss for improvement in energy efficiency, as a key technology for realizing the next-generation heat energy utilization system effectively treating energy of midnight electric power (nuclear electric power generation) which serves as the next-generation energy source but has restrictions on available time and difficulties in use because of its low density, a heat pump using the midnight electric power, sunlight shinning only in the daytime of a fine day, waste heat of a cogeneration device mainly used for power generation and the like for storing heat and taking out the stored heat in the case of necessity to use it for heating water and air conditioning. <P>SOLUTION: The heat storage system is realized when a heat exchanger for plural heat media and a latent heat storage material are constructed to establish a heat conduction relationship between them while a heat storage container in an atmospheric pressure condition is assembled effectively. By this heat storage system, supply media from various heat sources are taken in freely, and high efficiency output for hot-water supply and air conditioning can be carried out in case of necessity. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

The technical field to which the technology of the present invention is applied is a field related to a new equipment system for the next generation aiming at effective use of thermal energy in the field of air conditioning equipment and hot water supply equipment for consumer use, particularly home use and business use. is there. In this consumer field, a wide variety of devices and systems are still in practical use. Examples include air-conditioning equipment and refrigeration equipment and hot water supply equipment using an electric power-driven refrigeration cycle, heating equipment and hot water supply equipment and combustion equipment using gas oil as a heat source, and generators using gas oil as power drive fuel. And air conditioning equipment, hot water supply equipment using solar heat as a heat source, and the like. Particularly in recent years, in order to emphasize energy saving or the global environment, studies on new technologies, devices, and systems for improving energy efficiency of devices and utilizing natural energy have been energetically promoted in various fields. In addition, due to the characteristics of the social infrastructure of energy supply, technologies and new equipment for using nighttime power while suppressing the use of daytime power have been developed and put into practical use.

The energy used in these systems is such as commercial power, oil, gasoline, and other high-density, easy-to-use energy that can be obtained anywhere as social infrastructure. The energy concentration and temperature are limited only for a limited time period, such as the supplied solar power, solar heat, and exhaust heat from various cogeneration systems configured mainly for regional power generation. There is a gradual change toward the use of various types of energy, mainly exhaust heat, that is not standardized.

One of the key technologies for further developing such a dynamic and realizing system equipment that is useful in various aspects is related to the heat storage system. This is because the supply energy, which deviates from the demand side in terms of time and concentration, can be temporarily stored in heat energy, and can be positioned as being able to supply heat energy at the density you want to use. It can be said that it is one key technology that supports the changes in the world.

One of the most practical technologies in this field is a heat pump water heater, which is a highly energy efficient system that uses hot midnight power to store hot water and store it at any time. In this case, the average annual tap water of about 25 ° C. is heated to about 80 ° C., stored in a hot water tank, and used when necessary. In this case, the amount of heat stored in hot water is becoming widespread in homes, stores and the like because the temperature difference is as high as 80 ° C. and 25 ° C., that is, 55 ° C. For example, in a general household, a hot water tank of about 400 liters is installed in a housing of about 1000 liters, so the exclusive area of the bottom surface of the heat storage tank is about 0.5 square meters, and there are many possible areas in terms of installation space. Because there is.

However, in the case of urban houses, condominiums, apartments, etc., and there is no space around small shops in commercial areas, or the cost of securing space is extremely expensive, so there is a problem in expanding the spread on a nationwide scale. It has become.
On the other hand, when storing hot / cold water for air conditioning rather than hot water supply, for example, in the case of heating, a high temperature of about 45 ° C. is required even at the return temperature after heating the hot water in order to exert its heating effect. Therefore, the temperature difference of the hot water storage is 80 ° C. and 45 ° C., that is, 35 ° C., which is almost half compared with 55 ° C. in the case of the hot water supply described above. This means that a hot water tank capacity of nearly double is required to store the same amount of heat. In the case of cooling, the temperature difference between the chilled water is about 10 ° C., which is the temperature difference between 8 ° C. and 18 ° C., and a chilled water tank having a capacity of about 5.5 times the hot water supply is required if the required heat quantity is the same.

Moreover, in a system that can supply hot water and air conditioning in a comprehensive manner, the hot / cold water tank capacity, which is a combination of both, is about 5 to 8 times that of hot water supply alone, and is almost practical in view of local installation space and price constraints. It can be said that there is no sex.
In other words, it can be said that the biggest problem in the current heat storage device for consumer equipment is how to realize a compact heat storage system with good heat storage performance. If the current heat storage amount for hot water hot water can be doubled per volume, it is considered that the door can be opened for practical use of an air conditioning hot water supply system using a heat storage system. Furthermore, if both the heat pump using midnight power and solar heat during the day are stored well, the practical use of a low operating running cost method with low primary energy consumption for ordinary household morning and evening heating and evening hot water supply will be significant. It is thought that progress can be made.

  In addition to downsizing as described above, the technical field required for heat storage systems in the energy equipment field is a system that can minimize heat loss from the heat storage tank to the atmosphere, and can be used optimally by controlling many types of heat sources. There are major issues such as cooperation with heat storage systems, heat pump heat source units, cooperation with solar photovoltaic power generation, cooperation with air conditioning systems that can realize both air conditioning and heating, and local installation workability. Key. Furthermore, in order to develop and expand the spread of such devices, it is necessary to realize a simplified system, constituent units and parts for realizing cost reduction after clearing the above problems. In the present invention proposal, items in a range necessary for establishment of the heat storage system will be taken up.

First, as a top priority issue, the heat storage system is made compact. There are many factors related to this, and enumerating one by one, it is possible to set the heat storage temperature, increasing the volume filling efficiency of PCM, using a latent heat storage material that uses a phase change between liquid and solid, abbreviated as PCM. Reduces the space required for heat insulation by realizing low-temperature thermal storage and high-temperature cold storage without leaving the normal atmospheric temperature, and a container by ensuring the pressure strength in the thermal storage tank close to atmospheric pressure It is necessary to consider technical items such as reducing the volume increase of the structure and reducing the space used for the heat insulation structure with the outside air. These factors will be explored below.

The second goal following downsizing is the reduction of losses due to heat leaks from the heat storage system. As a technology for this purpose, as described above, using the latent heat storage material, the heat storage temperature is lowered in the case of thermal storage, and in the case of cold storage, it is increased to approach the outside air temperature, the outer surface area of the heat storage container is reduced, and the heat storage Technical items such as improving the heat insulation properties of the outer periphery of the container can be raised.

The third study target is optimization of a method for circulating or flowing a working fluid such as water or a refrigerant with a working pump. Ideally, operating pumps and the like will be abolished as much as possible, and reduction of motor power to drive them, improvement of long-term use quality, and reduction of initial cost will be important viewpoints.

  The fourth study target is a heat storage system that can handle many types of energy heat sources, while the realization of a versatile and highly efficient heat storage system that can meet a wide range of heat supply needs, such as hot water supply and cooling and heating.

The fifth goal is to see how the system using the heat storage container can be made energy efficient from the viewpoint of the global environment and from the viewpoint of running costs. Realization of is a big goal.

The sixth goal is to ensure long-term reliability and safety. In particular, the long-term reliability of the pump for circulating the working fluid and medium is one of the key elements for improving the reliability of the entire system. Further, in the case of a heat storage material deterioration and a latent heat storage material, repeated shape distortion due to phase change involves a risk of deforming or damaging a strong metallic heat exchanger or container. This is one of the major issues that should be addressed regarding the human safety and environmental safety of the working refrigerant used in the equipment. In particular, the point is the transition from an alternative refrigerant that currently contains Freon to a natural refrigerant that does not contain it.

The seventh consideration is that the various problems outlined above and the cost when the heat storage system that has achieved the target is realized as an actual device becomes expensive, making it difficult to spread practically. In this respect, it is important that the overall system configuration, structure, and materials are simple and low cost.

Although the seven goals have been described from a technical point of view, many related technical studies and development studies have been conducted for these items. For example, Patent Document 1 is an invention related to the realization of a compact heat storage system that efficiently stores heat using a fin tube heat exchanger. Patent Document 2 is also an invention aiming at a highly efficient and compact system using two heat storage tanks having different temperatures. Patent Document 3 proposes a heat storage system that is compact and can be used annually by using a common latent heat storage material for cooling and heating. Patent Document 4 is an invention that improves the thermal characteristics of paraffin as a latent heat storage material.

Patent Document 5 discloses a technique for improving heat storage efficiency by communicating a latent heat storage material capsule and a separately installed heat exchanger and repeatedly circulating a heat medium. Patent Document 6 states that the amount of heat collected in the solar battery and the solar heat collector is stored, and the solar battery can be cooled and hot water supplied in a compact heat storage tank using a heat pump. Patent Document 7 discloses a panel block-shaped heat storage body, which is a system for storing solar heat and efficiently supplying hot water. Patent Document 8 proposes an invention in which a plurality of cold heat storage material containers and warm heat storage material containers are installed together and an output medium is connected to a separate heat pump output heat exchanger to perform comfortable cooling and heating. Patent Document 9 proposes a method in which a heat exchanger for heat medium is installed in the heat storage material to improve the filling rate of the heat storage material and make it compact.

Patent Document 10 proposes various energy utilization systems using a hot water tank system provided with heating means such as a heat pump and various other heat sources. Patent Document 11 proposes a technique for providing a heat storage can body with a plurality of output-side heat exchangers for use in high-pressure hot water supply and other uses. Patent Document 12 presents a high-efficiency hot water supply apparatus that does not require a pump using heat storage means that includes a plurality of heat storage materials having different melting points as a heat pump output heat exchanger. Patent Document 13 proposes a device in which a refrigerant pipe is installed in a heat storage material container whose upper part is opened and phase change distortion of the heat storage material is opened to the upper part.

As mentioned above, patent documents have been presented as part of the background art. It shows that most of the contents of the seven technological development target issues mentioned above are being studied. However, the following three aspects can be seen as the current situation of the background art of the technical field to be presented in the present invention.
Solutions and technologies for each of the above seven target issues are still insufficiently studied.
Most of the techniques for solving the problems described in each patent document are related to one or two of the seven target problems shown above, and the entire seven target problems can be coordinated as a system. The technology is insufficient.
Therefore, many improvement problems remain technically as a system, and it is considered that this is why the practical use and commercialization of the system related to this system do not progress widely.

Therefore, in the present invention, midnight power supplied at a low price only in the middle of the night, solar power generated only during clear daytime, solar heat, exhaust heat from various cogeneration systems mainly composed of regional power generation, etc. are stored. In order to effectively and practically use them, the above-mentioned seven improvement techniques for each problem will be clearly presented, and a consistent solution technique will be presented for the seven problems as a whole.
Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 05-5582 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 05-196379 JP 05-196267 A JP 05-163485 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-3078 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-234020 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-19074 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-89731 JP 10-47712 A JP 2002-22270 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-111050 JP 2005-326078 A JP 2005-337664 A

It is difficult to use because it is not standardized, such as late-night power supplied at a reasonable price only in the middle of the night, solar power and solar heat supplied only in the daytime in fine weather, and exhaust heat from various cogeneration systems mainly composed of regional power generation. The goal is to establish a wide range of systems that can store and use low-density energy appropriately, and the technical issues for that purpose are as follows.

First, there are the above-mentioned items to be considered for downsizing the heat storage system mentioned as the highest priority issue, but the goal of the issue should be to halve the volume of the heat storage devices currently on the market. For example, the standard volume of a heat storage tank currently used in a midnight power heat pump water heater for home use is a net of 400 liters. However, when a cylindrical high-pressure tap water container is accommodated and the outer periphery thereof is insulated to accommodate piping and the like, the actual size of the rectangular heat storage tank housing that accommodates it is 1000 liters or more. Therefore, not only for home use, but also for the reduction of the total volume of the heat storage casing that is actually attached to the site as well as the net volume of the heat storage container. The goal of halving is a numerical target set as an immediate goal after considering both space constraints and weight constraints when installed in buildings such as apartments and stores. In the present invention, the heat storage material container is not a high-pressure type, and aims to realize a system having an internal pressure equal to the atmospheric pressure.

It is estimated that the marginal penetration rate of the above-mentioned household products related to heat storage when the volume of the heat storage container is halved may be doubled due to the effect of reducing the installation space constraint. Still, it is the limit penetration rate that is expected to be around 50%. The same trend is presumed for business use.
The second goal was to reduce losses due to heat leaks from the heat storage system. The heat loss in the above-mentioned domestic hot water storage tank reaches 5 to 10% of the total heat storage amount on an annual average. In order to improve this, the heat storage temperature, the external surface area of the heat storage tank, the heat insulation characteristics, and other factors have been mentioned earlier.

This is the problem of the working pump that circulates working fluids such as water and refrigerant, which was listed as the third study target. The working pump is a problem of reduction of motor power, improvement of long-term use quality, and reduction of initial cost, and the study of the system of the present invention aimed to realize a system with a small number of working pumps used. This is because there is no solution beyond the elimination of the working pump itself in order to improve the above three elements of the pump.

  The fourth study target is to realize a versatile and efficient heat storage system that can respond to various energy heat sources and can meet a wide range of heat supply needs such as hot water supply and air conditioning. It aims to realize not only efficiency but also a system configuration that can be optimized and controlled according to user needs.

The fifth goal is how to realize a consumer energy system with high energy utilization efficiency from the viewpoint of the global environment and the running cost by using a heat storage system. The challenge was to realize an advanced heat storage system using natural energy that could be put into practical use in combination with a heat pump system using midnight power, photovoltaic power generation and solar heat, exhaust heat from various cogeneration equipment, etc. as the energy source mentioned above. .

The sixth goal is to ensure safety and long-term reliability. For this purpose, it was necessary to realize intrinsic reliability, such as a structural mechanism that can absorb the geometric distortion caused by the phase change of the latent heat storage material and the safety represented by the selection of the working medium, including not using the pump as much as possible. .

For cost reduction, which is the seventh study target, the use of low-cost materials with a simple system configuration, structure, and materials is an issue.

Claim 1 presented the basic configuration of the heat exchanger type heat storage system of the present invention. The heat storage material is installed or enclosed in the heat storage container of the system at a pressure equal to the atmospheric pressure without entering / exiting the outside of the container or flowing, and therefore a mechanism such as a pump for flowing the heat storage material is unnecessary. . Heat can be transferred to the heat storage material through a heat medium heat exchanger in the container, and heat exchange between the heat source medium and the heat output medium can also be performed in the heat exchanger.
Of course, the heat storage material referred to in the present invention refers to the entire material capable of storing heat including the latent heat storage material.

This basic configuration is indispensable for realizing the functions of many characteristics that will be described in detail later.
Since the heat storage material is separated from the heat source medium and the heat output medium, there are few restrictions on the selection thereof, and almost any kind of heat storage material can be used regardless of the solid liquid.
On the other hand, there are few restrictions on the selection of the heat source medium and the heat output medium in this heat storage system, and a heat medium heat exchanger such as a flon refrigerant, water, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon, antifreeze, emulsion fluid, slurry liquid containing small capsules, etc. As long as it can flow in the circulation line, there are few restrictions such as pressure state and chemical characteristics.
The number of media that can handle the heat source medium and the heat output medium together in the same heat storage system is basically not limited, and can actually handle 6 to 7 types.

As the most basic example, when a heat source medium is used as a heat pump unit refrigerant and a heat output medium is used in a so-called heat pump water heater in which hot water supply tap water is selected, a very simple system that does not require a pump for both media can be configured. The fact that the heat storage tank volume can be halved will be described later.
Since each of the heat source medium and the heat output medium can exchange heat with the heat storage material by utilizing the entire heat medium heat exchanger, high heat transfer characteristics can be obtained both when the heat is stored and when the stored heat is received.
In addition, when the amount of heat stored in the heat storage material is exhausted, the heat output medium can receive heat directly from the heat source medium. This effect, which is extremely important in actual machines, can be secured without the need for other heat exchangers.

Since the heat source medium and the heat output medium are sealed and separated, there is a high degree of freedom in the installation environment of the heat storage material. Therefore, in this case, the heat storage material space is set to an atmospheric pressure state, and this can be easily realized by sealing the upper space of the heat storage container with the outside atmosphere with a soft film. This presupposes that it is easy to realize effects such as simplification of the structure of the container, freedom of shape, low strength structure, etc., and as it is dictated, it produces great effects in reducing the overall volume, heat loss, and product cost. Become.
As described above, the heat exchanger type heat storage system according to claim 1 has a great effect on solving the problems of the entire system, and is a technology that is a major premise of the present invention and is a constituent requirement.

Claims 2, 3, and 4 are additional requirements of the basic configuration of claim 1, and are important items for solving the problem of the entire system. As a specific configuration, the case where a flat multi-hole tube which is an aluminum extrusion molded product is used as the heat medium heat exchanger is shown in claim 4. The medium circulation pipe is constructed by utilizing the necessary number of holes in the multi-hole pipe, and the entrance / exit of the multi-hole pipe is connected by brazing to another connecting pipe. The entire circulation line is constructed. The manufacturing method of this multi-hole tube is based on a very simple extrusion molding, and the mediums communicating therewith are in a heat transfer relationship through the aluminum itself constituting the multi-hole tube, and are shown in claim 3. In this way, it is also easy to provide a plurality of heat source media and heat output media in one flat multi-hole tube, in which case the mutual heat transfer relationship is maintained. In the case of media that require particularly high heat transfer characteristics, a conduit is constructed using adjacent holes, and the media is communicated with the counterflow.

The heat transfer heat exchanger, which is an aluminum extrusion molded product, is thin and flat and has a plate shape. Therefore, bending in the extrusion length direction is relatively free. Therefore, the heat storage container has a shape that fits the internal shape of the heat storage container, and that the heat storage time and heat release time to the heat storage material can be shortened by reducing the distance from the center of the heat storage material that is installed or filled around the heat storage container. Easy to mold. Usually, it is folded in a serpentine shape and molded, and a heat storage material is installed or filled in the gap. The method using the aluminum extruded pipe can be said to be the method that can be most easily and surely realized by the method that satisfies the constituent requirements of claim 1.

The manufacturing method of this heat exchanger should just satisfy Claim 2, and is not restricted to aluminum extrusion. For example, it may be formed by forming a circulation line between two aluminum plates called roll bonds and press-bonded to each other, or may be formed by joining a pipe to be a circulation line on a flat plate by brazing. Alternatively, the circulation pipes may be arranged side by side by brazing and joining the surfaces that contact each other. Further, the fin tube shape may be a fin and tube joined by expansion or brazing, or a flat multi-hole tube of an aluminum extruded product. In short, it is only necessary that a plurality of pipe lines be connected so as to enlarge the outer surface area and to transfer heat to each other. This basic concept is presented as a broader component in claim 2. In particular, if the circulation pipes are in a heat transfer relationship in a metal heat exchanger as in claim 4 and the whole can be meandered or mosquito-repellently shaped on a flat plate, the heat storage material can be incorporated. Is extremely advantageous. The most important thing is that the outer surface area of the pipe is enlarged, heat transfer with the heat storage material is good, the heat storage material is easy to incorporate, and the number of circulation lines of the medium can be set freely using a heat exchanger It can be done.

As shown in claim 3, this shape is an extremely advantageous structure in providing a plurality of circulation pipes. Naturally, different types of heat source media can be communicated with the plurality of circulation pipes, and several types of heat output media can be communicated. For example, the heat source medium is a heat pump refrigerant, a solar heat medium, an exhaust heat medium of various cogeneration devices, an exhaust heat medium from a domestic bath, or the like. As the heat output medium, hot water supply tap water, a medium for air conditioning and heating, a medium for bathing, and the like can be considered. I would like to examine it again in claim 13 and below. What is important in this recognition is that the system defined in claims 1 to 4 can be very easily deployed to such various heat sources and various consumer thermal energy systems aimed at heat utilization. It is a thing. It is basically possible to adjust the number of circulation pipelines, and it is possible to cope with it by itself, and it is not necessary to newly develop the entire system configuration.

  The fifth aspect is a specific technical item for further utilizing the basic structure of the first to fourth aspects. One of the measures to reduce the volume of the heat storage tank is to use the latent heat of the phase change using the latent heat storage material, which depends on how to use and the type of the heat storage material, but its volume compared to the case of using sensible heat Can be reduced to about 80% to 50%. Further, for example, in the case of performing heat storage for heating and hot water supply, in the case of the sensible heat storage system using hot water, a method is adopted in which the heat storage temperature is increased to about 80 ° C. to secure the heat storage amount. In the case of latent heat storage, even if the heat storage temperature changes, the amount of heat stored is substantially constant. Therefore, if the heat storage temperature is set appropriately, it is possible to select a heat storage temperature that can easily collect various heats and can effectively use the stored heat. For example, a heat storage temperature of 50 ° C. or higher is necessary as a temperature suitable for hot water supply use, and on the other hand, it is desirable to reduce the heat storage temperature as much as possible from the viewpoint of heat collection performance and reduction of heat dissipation loss. Therefore, if the latent heat storage temperature is set to 50 ° C., assuming that the outside air temperature of the heat storage tank is 25 ° C. on average in this case, if the heat storage tank has the same heat insulation characteristics, the temperature difference that is the heat loss drive source is 55 ° C. ( 80 ° C.-25 ° C.) vs. 25 ° C. (50 ° C.-25 ° C.), it can be seen that the low temperature heat storage by the latent heat storage material results in a heat loss of less than half of the high temperature heat storage by the sensible heat storage material.

  When storing cold energy, the same concept is required, and a heat storage temperature of 12 ° C or less is necessary due to the need for cooling characteristics, and latent heat storage with a melting temperature of 5 ° C or more is required from the viewpoints of heat collection, reduction of heat dissipation loss and prevention of water freezing. Use materials. This heat loss reduction effect is effective in reducing the volume of the entire heat storage enclosure, and simple calculations can reduce the amount of heat stored by the amount of heat loss, and this value can be expressed as the appropriate temperature heat storage effect by using the latent heat storage material. About 10% can be expected. That is, the heat storage tank volume can be reduced by about 10%. In addition, in order to reduce heat loss, a foam insulation panel is usually attached to the inner surface of the heat storage enclosure to cover the entire heat storage container. It is expected that the use of a vacuum insulation panel in a vacuum state will achieve a double heat loss reduction effect together with the heat storage temperature.

Vacuum insulation panels have been used in refrigerators and the like to increase energy saving effect, but have never been used in heat storage containers for cooling and heating hot water together with latent heat storage materials. The reason is that the heat storage container is too large and the heat insulation cost increases, and the container structure is complicated. However, in the heat storage container of the present invention, the reason can be eliminated as described below, and an extremely high synergistic effect can be obtained by adoption. According to the trial calculation, the effect of reducing the volume is about 10% or more, and it is effective to realize a more compact and highly practical heat storage tank by taking advantage of this high heat insulation characteristic.
Furthermore, since the internal pressure of the heat storage container is atmospheric pressure as in claim 1, the pressure-resistant strength structure of the container becomes unnecessary, and the cylindrical stainless steel pressure-resistant tank currently used for hot water supply is unnecessary. Thus, a simple structure as in claims 7 and 8 is possible. As a result, the effect that contributes to the volume reduction of the entire heat storage container casing, which is a cubic casing for storing this, is calculated to be about 30%. Moreover, the heat storage container itself is made into the cube shape so that it becomes possible to use the said flat flat-plate-shaped vacuum heat insulation panel, and the effect of miniaturization of a heat storage tank is heightened.

When all of these effective items were folded, according to a trial calculation, the effect of reducing the total volume of the heat storage tank was calculated to be about 60%. That is, the volume was calculated to be about 40%. This effect leads to a reduction in system costs, a reduction in equipment transportation costs to the site, and a reduction in local installation costs. This cost reduction increases material costs by using latent heat storage materials instead of water. The final important criterion is whether or not it can be offset, and the detailed design has not been completed, but the latent heat storage material and heat medium heat exchanger are installed in comparison with the hot water storage tank system with tap water pressure. The storage case of the latent heat storage system used is expected to be almost equivalent.

A sixth aspect of the present invention is an invention about how to store the heat medium heat exchanger specified in the first to fourth aspects of the present invention in a heat storage container with high space efficiency. In the case where the latent heat storage material block is inserted from the front, the flat heat exchanger is set so that the horizontal width of the flat plate is the same as the inner dimension of the heat storage container, and the inner dimensions of the container height and width are accommodated. In this way, the heat exchanger can be bent and molded in the container by the method described in claim 4. Thus, the filling rate of the heat storage material as shown in claim 11 is to be secured. As a result, the external dimension volume of the heat storage tank can be minimized, and the heat transfer efficiency between the heat medium heat exchanger and the heat storage material can be kept at the maximum. The bending direction of the heat transfer medium heat exchanger differs depending on whether the heat storage material block or capsule is inserted from the top or the front, but the above effect is not changed even if the heat medium heat exchanger is inserted from the top. Careful decision is required in consideration of which method is used and installation workability.

If the flat plate size of the heat exchanger is small and the depth or vertical dimension of the heat storage tank is too small to match it, the depth or vertical inner dimension of the heat storage tank is set to accommodate multiple rows of heat exchangers. It is desirable to set a dimension that is an integral multiple of the width dimension of the flat plate. The present invention is also important in that when the heat storage tank is assembled on site as shown in claims 7 and 8, it is determined whether the work is performed from the front surface or the upper surface of the heat storage tank when service repair or maintenance is performed.

In the case of a conventional tap water heater, the heat storage container uses a cylindrical pressure resistant stainless steel container. Claim 7 realizes downsizing, cost reduction, manufacturing improvement, and improvement of on-site workability. A thin polymer resin material film is formed into a bag shape and finally sticks to the inner surface of the housing after the construction is completed. This is a structure in which the container is configured and the heat storage material and the heat medium heat exchanger are accommodated inside. When the pressure-resistant structure container is used by using a thin film, the container volume does not take up space and the housing volume can be minimized because the heat storage system is based on claim 1. The bag-like container of the film is a sufficiently large size, and when the method of inserting the heat storage material block from the front side in the field assembly as shown in claim 12, the front side is set to the bottom plate position or the middle position. It is possible to make it easy to incorporate the heat storage material from the front side. The film bag completes its final shape as a container by attaching it to the upper position again after completing the installation of the heat storage material to form a bag and then attaching the front plate of the housing.

  Claim 8 is another container, which consists of a resin container divided into a main body side and a front cover or top cover, and the mating parts of both are fastened in a watertight seal by screwing together to complete the container. Let me. Of course, since it is not necessary to be a pressure vessel according to the premise of claim 1, it can be made into a shape that is thin and perfectly matched to the inner surface of the heat storage housing except for the watertight seal portion, The effect on the increase in the housing volume is small with respect to Item 7.

  A ninth aspect of the present invention relates to a latent heat storage material, and is an invention of a method for storing in a container on the spot using a block shape of a material that matches the melting temperature selection criteria by the method described above in the case of thermal heat storage. In the case of a heat storage material other than a liquid heat storage material as well as a latent heat storage material, it is not easy to store it in a container. Its weight is more than 200 kilograms even in a small system for home use, and it is difficult to transport what is integrated in the factory to the local area, which is often a small space. Therefore, it is necessary to assemble a small block into a container on site. According to the second and fourth aspects of the present invention, the heat medium heat exchanger is bent in a meandering manner and stored in a container. A large number of latent heat storage material blocks packed with the resin film or the like are inserted into the gaps formed there. The block has a shape that matches the gap between the heat exchangers, and the gap between the block after insertion and the heat exchanger has a shape that is reliably secured.

The gap is necessary to absorb the volumetric strain when the latent heat exchanger changes phase, and the basic structure of claim 1 and the heat storage material block shape of claim 9 realize this gap. On the other hand, the heat transfer characteristics between the heat medium heat exchanger and the latent heat storage material are important. For this reason, claim 10 is an invention of a technique for filling a container with a liquid filler filling the gap. The filler always fills the space between the outer surface of the heat exchanger and the outer surface of the block without any gap to enhance mutual heat transfer. At the same time, when the heat storage block material melts and expands, the filler is pushed away and the liquid surface in the container rises to absorb the expansion, and when the heat storage block cools and solidifies and shrinks, Absorb. The liquid filler for fulfilling this function must always be liquid in the range of the operating temperature range, and in order to always exist as a liquid, it is desirable that the freezing point is zero degree or less.

In addition, liquids that have a specific gravity of 30% or more different from the latent heat storage material will cause misalignment due to the difference in buoyancy due to long-term use, and measures such as blocking and fixing the latent heat storage material are necessary to prevent this. is required. Care should be taken with smaller capsules. In consideration of these points, considering the specific gravity of the latent heat storage material, it is selected from water, a calcium chloride aqueous solution, an ethylene glycol aqueous solution, or a liquid such as a low melting temperature paraffin. In order to prevent this liquid from evaporating and splashing outside during a long period of use, it is necessary to seal the sealed container or to refill it when the volume is reduced. It is difficult to carry out replenishment reliably in view of the actual situation, and it is practical to seal the container. For that purpose, the upper part of the container is made of a flexible film to be sealed and the inside is at atmospheric pressure. The method is specific.

The filling rate of the heat storage material in the heat storage container according to claim 11 is a balance between the contradictory conditions of ensuring the entire heat storage amount and increasing the efficiency of heat transfer between the heat storage material and the heat medium. It is an important factor above. According to the examination, the heat storage material filling rate for realizing a structure for enhancing both characteristics using the heat medium heat exchanger shown in claims 1 to 4 of the present invention is optimally about 90%. In the conventional case, the filling rate is as high as 60 to 70%, but in the present invention, it is unsatisfactory in that the amount of stored heat is less than 82%. It becomes a problem. In this case, it is desirable to use a heat storage material having a particularly excellent thermal conductivity or a heat storage material mixed with a heat conductive fiber, which has been studied and reported. However, this method is not recommended in the present invention because it introduces new costs and other problems.

Claim 12 presents the procedure of the assembly method that can be placed on-site of the heat exchanger type heat storage tank. Although it is a simple method, a special method is required to transport an extremely heavy heat storage material to the site and properly assemble the entire system. As described above, the installation space of the heat storage tank is a great restriction in houses and stores, particularly apartments and high-rise houses, so the heat storage tank is often a cube with a high height. Therefore, a completely different method from that in which the latent heat storage material is incorporated in a floor heating device or a heat radiating unit installed in the room is required. Basically, this is a method in which many latent heat storage materials made into blocks are incorporated into the gap space from the front surface side or from the upper surface side.

When the heat storage material block is inserted from the front, in the case of the bag-like container shown in claim 7, the container front is formed by sliding the front part of the container down and incorporating the latent heat storage material, and then lifting the upper part of the bag-like container again. .
In the case of the container shown in claim 8, the latent heat storage material is assembled from the front side, and then the front side of the container is attached to the main body side to complete the container. When the heat storage material block is inserted from the top, such troublesomeness is not necessary, but it is assumed that there is an upper space of the container. Therefore, it seems more practical to open the upper half of the front. Thereafter, the filling liquid shown in claim 10 is filled from a small hole provided in the upper part of the container, and then the small hole is closed to seal the container. Finally, the front part of the heat storage tank housing and the top plate are attached to complete the entire assembly.

  The above description specifies the technology related to the heat exchanger type heat storage system itself used in the heat storage system. Claims 13 and subsequent are technical items related to the application of the heat exchanger type heat storage system using this heat storage system. Claim 13 specifies the most basic system, where the output medium of the heat pump is communicated with the heat source medium circulation pipe, where it condenses and dissipates heat to store heat, and evaporates and receives heat to store cold heat. There are both sides. In the case of the simplest heat pump hot water supply system, hot water is supplied by heating the tap water communicated with the heat output medium circulation pipe with the stored heat. In this case, the circulation pump for circulating the medium is not necessary because it is circulated with tap water pressure, and neither the refrigerant pressure nor the tap water pressure acts on the heat storage container, so the heat storage container can be easily maintained at atmospheric pressure, resulting in many advantages. You can make it.

  The power source of the electric motor that drives the compressor, which is the heart of the heat pump, is supplied with low-priced late-night power, daytime commercial power, solar power, or various cogeneration device output power. In some cases, the electric power system is controlled such that a plurality of electric power is selectively input based on the result of analyzing the time zone, season, and other data. As already explained, even if the amount of heat stored in the heat storage material decreases as a result of using too much hot water supply, tap water is directly heated by the heat pump output, utilizing the structure that the heat medium heat exchanger is integrated. It is possible to continue hot water supply operation. This effect makes it easy to set the heat storage capacity to an optimal size throughout the year. That is, even if a smaller heat storage container is selected in consideration of the balance between energy efficiency, heat storage volume, and initial cost, there is no need to consider the problem that hot water supply ends and stops.

If the power source power circuit is set so that the compressor of the heat pump unit can be driven by the various electric powers described above, an optimum power source can be selected and operated. For example, commercial power can be used for backup, and control is usually set to store hot water using other power to supply hot water. If the power cannot be obtained, the hot water supply operation can be continued by switching to commercial power and operating the heat pump unit to store heat, or by directly heating the hot water supply without storing heat.

Claim 14 is the same as Claim 13 in that the heat pump unit is used to store heat or cool for air conditioning and to perform heating or cooling. In this case, the medium for air conditioning that communicates the heat output circulation line is specified. Is presented in claim 15. A method for operating the heat pump unit to perform this heat storage and cooling simultaneously is presented in claim 19. Utilizing the advantages of the heat exchanger type heat storage system of the present invention, it is possible to perform several types of heat output at the same time using a plurality of circulation pipes, such as hot water supply and heating, and further reheating of hot water in a hot water bath. There are advantages. These are limited to heat pump units that use the atmosphere as a heat source or a heat radiation source. However, in claims 16 and 17, the case where another heat source is introduced into another heat source medium circulation pipe and the heat source is replaced with the atmosphere. The case where it is used for the heat source of the heat pump unit is presented. Of course, an air heat exchanger for utilizing an atmospheric heat source is often incorporated in the heat pump unit.

A fifteenth aspect of the present invention relates to a working medium. The characteristics required as a working medium are non-toxic, non-flammable, low global warming potential (the inventor sets the limit of this coefficient to 100 or less) and high heat transfer characteristics for those circulating indoors. Is required. Candidate media include water, carbon dioxide, ethylene glycol and other antifreeze liquids, and water or antifreeze liquid in which a latent heat storage material is wrapped in a minute resin capsule and mixed in large quantities. Even today, air-conditioning equipment that uses fluorine-containing fluorocarbon refrigerant to communicate indoors is used. However, this fluorocarbon refrigerant has issues with safety and global warming coefficient exceeding 1000 when fire is combusted. Should be avoided. Since the heat pump unit corresponding to the heat source unit is set outdoors, measures against non-toxicity and non-flammability are taken depending on the structure of the device, and whether or not it has a characteristic that can obtain a high value of operating energy efficiency of the refrigeration cycle Should be evaluated and adopted.

Of course, the global warming potential respects a regulation value of 100 or less, as well as those circulating indoors. All the fluorocarbon refrigerants containing fluorine and chlorine have a coefficient of 100 or more, and so-called natural refrigerants not containing fluorine and chlorine have a value of 100 or less, and the influence on global warming is negligible. A hydrocarbon gas such as ammonia, propane gas, or butane gas is used as a medium not corresponding to this regulation. The refrigerant of the heat pump system is communicated with the heat source medium circulation pipe, and the hot water tap water and the air conditioning medium are communicated with another heat output medium circulation pipe adjacent to the heat source medium circulation pipe so that the medium is a heat medium heat exchanger. It becomes easy to exchange heat directly. This is effective when the heat is directly exchanged when the amount of stored heat becomes insufficient, as compared with the normal operation in which heat is transferred through the heat storage material as described above. Further, it is effective in terms of improving the heat transfer performance to arrange the two media so as to face each other except when the refrigeration cycle refrigerant of the heat pump unit is evaporated.

This is because when the refrigerant is evaporated, a pressure drop occurs in accordance with the flow of the refrigerant and the temperature is lowered, so that the parallel flow rather improves the heat transfer performance.
The important thing here is that both media are physically separated with the heat medium heat exchanger in between, but through both the heat medium heat exchanger and the heat storage material, it is extremely high in thermal properties. It is to be connected. Therefore, it is possible to use an optimum medium having different characteristics as described above.

On the other hand, it can be said that this heat exchanger type heat storage system has a great advantage in that various heat sources from various consumer energy output devices can be used very easily and effectively by a simple heat storage system. Claim 16 is a state in which both the output heat medium of the heat pump unit and the heat medium from other heat sources are connected to the two heat source medium circulation pipes so as to be able to store heat. In this invention, the heat storage operation is selectively controlled. If the heat medium heat exchanger according to the present invention having a plurality of heat source medium circulation pipes is assumed, it can be realized extremely easily.
Apart from that, there are of course various heat sources that can be obtained from various energy outputs, so if the temperature is lower than 50 ° C., for example, this heat source is supplied to the refrigeration cycle of the heat pump unit, and the heat pump unit It is controlled so as to be supplied to the heat storage tank after raising.

This concept is the same as the system using solar heat of claim 17. A solar cogeneration system with a power generation cell and a solar heat receiving substrate on its back is a promising strain for future use of natural energy. The seventeenth aspect is an invention relating to a technique for linking the target system of the present invention in order to efficiently use the heat generated from this apparatus. That is, in order to increase the power generation efficiency of the power generation cell of the solar cogeneration system, the cell part temperature should be kept as low as 40 ° C. or less in consideration of the power generation characteristics of the cell. Whether it is used for heating or for hot water supply, the temperature should be taken out at 50 ° C. or more for effective use.

On the other hand, since sunlight is an extremely unstable energy source that naturally changes depending on the season, time, weather, etc., not only photovoltaic power generation but also solar heat greatly varies in its output time, output heat amount, output temperature, and the like. Therefore, the method of cooling this by a normal heat medium and storing the heat does not work well. This is because the temperature at which the heat medium is obtained fluctuates greatly due to unstable solar energy, and often falls below the heat storage temperature of the heat storage material that is the heat storage partner, which is inconsistent. In the present invention, when the temperature is low, the heat pump unit is operated, and the heat is stored at the optimum temperature by raising the heat to a temperature that is at least 2 ° C higher than the heat storage temperature and, if necessary, 10 ° C higher. When there is demand, the heat is used to dissipate heat.

The refrigeration cycle of the heat pump unit has the feature that the evaporation temperature and the condensation temperature can be freely controlled over a wide range in terms of its principle. Specifically, this can be realized by adjusting two factors, that is, the number of rotations of the compressor and the opening of the throttle valve for adjusting the throttle of the refrigerant. In this sense, it can be said that the heat pump unit is most suitable for controlling the temperature of the solar heat receiving substrate so as to be an optimum value during the actual use operation in which a large amount of heat is transferred. In order to cool the cogeneration equipment using this characteristic, the refrigerant piping of the refrigeration cycle of the heat pump is stretched to receive heat from the solar heat receiving board of the solar cogeneration equipment installed over a wide area on the roof. The work to be linked has many problems such as labor work with large work volume, generation of refrigerant leak in work quality, cost, etc., and the refrigerant pipe length becomes too long and exceeds the reliability tolerance of the refrigeration cycle Therefore, it was not realized.

Therefore, after the installation of the solar cogeneration apparatus is finished, a continuous seamless copper tube of the refrigeration cycle of the heat pump unit is disposed beside the apparatus, and the heat receiving substrate made of an aluminum plate or the like It is considered that an effective method for working, cost, reducing leaks, and shortening the pipe length is a method in which they are brought into contact with each other so that heat is transferred between them. As a specific structure, it is suitable to fold the part protruding from the equipment at the end of the heat receiving substrate made of aluminum, mold it into an inner semi-cylindrical shape, fit the copper piping of the refrigeration cycle, and tighten and fix it ing. As a result, the above workability is simplified, there is no connection work causing refrigerant leakage, and it is considered that the work cost can be minimized. Here, the important technology in the balance between the heat storage system and the photovoltaic power generation is shown in claim 17.

When the temperature of the light-receiving surface is rising to a high temperature, for example, 50 ° C., in order to secure the maximum amount of power generated by the cells of the hybrid solar device, the heat pump unit's evaporation temperature is lowered to about 30 ° C. The surface is forcibly cooled to about 40 ° C. In this case, the power generation amount of the apparatus increases, but the power consumption for driving the compressor of the heat pump unit also increases, so the problem is balanced. Therefore, in practice, for example, a method of setting the evaporation temperature to about 40 ° C. is selected as the balance point. On the other hand, when it is desired to obtain heat without using electric power, the refrigeration cycle is hardly compressed and its evaporation temperature is controlled to about 50 ° C. At this time, the compressor of the refrigeration cycle functions as a heat transfer pump and stores the heat in the heat exchanger type heat storage system. In this case, however, the amount of power generated by the device is slightly reduced due to the temperature rise of the cell. Furthermore, when the maximum amount of heat is desired even if a large amount of electric power is used, the evaporation temperature is lowered to about 20 ° C., and heat is received from sunlight as much as possible, and the temperature is increased by a heat pump unit to store the heat.

In this case, the power generation amount of the apparatus also increases, but it is eaten by the power consumption of the heat pump unit. As described above, the system that connects the solar cogeneration system, heat pump unit, and heat exchanger type heat storage system can realize various types of operation, and provides the necessary output for various conditions. It is an excellent method that allows you to select the driving operation. One of them is the snow melting effect presented in claim 18.

The heat once stored in the heat storage tank using a solar cogeneration system or an atmospheric heat source heat pump, etc. is received by rotating the refrigeration cycle of the heat pump unit in reverse, and the heat receiving substrate of the solar cogeneration system is reversed. Can be heated. The heat source may be not only the heat stored in the heat storage tank, but the atmospheric heat source may be pumped up by a heat pump, but the temperature of the air receiving plate does not rise sufficiently and the temperature of the heat receiving substrate does not rise sufficiently, and the snow on the receiving surface is insufficient When it cannot be removed, it is effective to use heat from the heat storage tank. In order to melt the accumulated snow, it is necessary to heat the heat-receiving substrate to about 30 ° C. to 50 ° C. When the atmosphere is below zero degrees and this is used as a heat source and the heat pump unit is operated with a commercial power source in the daytime, The temperature difference that needs to be pumped by the refrigeration cycle is 30 ° C. or more, and a large-capacity heat pump operation is necessary, which increases the power consumption of the compressor of the refrigeration cycle.

However, when it is difficult to melt snow and the heat of the heat storage tank is used, if the heat storage temperature is 50 ° C., the necessary pumping temperature difference is zero degree, so the heat pump unit does not need to compress the refrigerant and only has to be circulated. . Therefore, the throttle mechanism of the refrigeration cycle is opened, and the compressor needs to perform the function as a refrigerant pump, so that the input power is adjusted to be low. That is, it is possible to measure the effective use of the stored heat amount by utilizing the function of optimally adjusting the temperature and heat amount of the output, which is an advantage of the heat pump. What is important here is that the heat pump unit used for melting snow and its refrigeration cycle are the same as the refrigeration cycle for receiving solar heat described in claim 17. Since the heat pump unit is used both for heat reception for heat utilization and for heat supply for snow melting, the heat receiving substrate and the piping of the refrigeration cycle can be combined in a heat transfer relationship in one time. This is because it is possible to avoid the extremely difficult structure and work of arranging two pipes for the heat medium and for the refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle in a heat transfer relationship with the heat receiving substrate. Furthermore, workability on the roof can be greatly improved by adopting a structure in which the piping of the refrigeration cycle is contact-fixed at the end face of the heat receiving substrate.

Claim 19 presents a system with further expanded functions. A system that combines a heat storage tank and a cold storage tank has been adopted in some of the past. When the heat exchanger type heat storage system according to the present invention is used, both heat storage tanks can communicate a large number of heat media, and therefore various heat media can be communicated to realize various types of operation modes. . As the heat storage in the intermediate temperature range, the exhaust heat temperature of various cogeneration devices and the exhaust heat of the cooling operation by the heat pump are temporarily stored as about 30 ° C heat, and the stored heat is again heated to 50 ° C or more by the heat pump. Then, the heat is stored in the heat storage tank and used for hot water supply or heating, or preheated to about 30 ° C. before heating the hot water tap water in the heat storage tank.

Conversely, as an example of cold heat storage, this heat storage tank is used to store cold heat using the cold generated simultaneously when storing heat in the heat storage tank using a heat pump, or when using tap water for various purposes in a building. It is possible to keep tap water at about ℃ constantly and let the latent heat storage tank with a melting temperature of 30 ℃ slowly cool and store the heat slowly, then exhaust the heat to this low temperature to perform cooling operation by heat pump operation, etc. Become. As shown in claim 19, the melting temperature is set to a temperature range of about 5 to 30 ° C. which is an intermediate temperature range according to the purpose, and a latent heat storage material is used to have a large number of medium circulation lines. By combining a heat exchanger type heat storage system and a heat exchanger type heat storage system having a large number of medium circulation pipes using a latent heat storage material set in a temperature range of about 40 to 60 ° C. in order to store heat. It is a composite system in which a hot / cold heat storage system is connected by a refrigeration cycle of a heat pump unit. The most effective method of using this method is to set the melting temperature at a low temperature of 5 to 10 ° C. at a site with a large cooling load and store the cold generated during hot water heating operation by a heat pump for hot water supply. It goes without saying that it is done.

There are many sites that use large amounts of tap water, such as office buildings, but do not require hot water supply, and only require cooling operation for many hours. In the case of the site, as mentioned above, use of a large amount of tap water at about 25 ° C to cool the heat storage material and store it at about 30 ° C will help to improve the performance and energy efficiency of the subsequent cooling operation. I can do it. In such sites, not only water-washing fleas but also tap water or treated water for toilet drainage can be used, and not only office buildings but also places where people with high cooling loads gather throughout the year such as restaurants An example of a site. In particular, there is a great effect in using air conditioning even in the intermediate period.

A technique for storing cold energy using the tap water is presented in claim 24. When the temperature of the tap water supplied to the entire building is assumed to be about 25 ° C in winter and 15 ° C in summer, a heat exchanger type heat storage system of a latent heat storage material having a melting temperature of 5 ° C higher by 5 ° C is set. Before using all the tap water, the heat storage system is connected to solidify the latent heat storage material with the cold heat of the tap water to store the cold heat. On the other hand, when the heat pump unit cools the inside of the building and radiates the exhaust heat to the atmosphere, the heat radiation condensation temperature is normally about 50 ° C., assuming that the air temperature is about 35 ° C. However, if the heat is radiated to the atmosphere and then communicated with the heat exchanger type heat storage system and cooled with a heat storage material at 30 ° C., the heat radiation condensation temperature at that time can be lowered to about 40 ° C. Cooling, that is, cooling capacity can be increased. As a result, it is estimated that the cooling capacity of the heat pump unit is increased, the amount of power consumption as the power is reduced, and the energy efficiency as the ratio can be improved by about 20 to 30%. There are many sites to which the present invention can be applied both in Japan and overseas, and the scale that will become the market for this product system is extremely large, and the effect of reducing power consumption peak and power consumption peak in the global summer is great.

When the site has few chances of cooling operation and heating operation such as heating and hot water is the main, the setting is opposite to that of the cooling main case of claim 24, but the same effect is possible. In this case, in the case of cooling, a system in which the melting temperature of the latent heat storage material set to 30 ° C. is set to about 10 ° C. in this case is used. The latent heat storage material is melted by using the heat of tap water of about 15 ° C. used in the building and stored at 10 ° C., and when the heat pump unit performs heating or hot water supply operation, the 10 ° C. This heat is used as a heat source. In this way, even when the atmosphere becomes zero degrees or less, a high-efficiency heat pump operation can be performed using a 10 ° C. heat source. Moreover, if the latent heat storage material is set to around 10 ° C., problems such as freezing of tap water due to this operation can be avoided. In any case, these effects can be realized by a heat exchanger type heat storage tank in which a latent heat storage material and a plurality of medium circulation pipes are independently integrated.

Claim 20 relates to a technique for realizing gradual humidity, which is an operation mode in which the humidity is mainly lowered without lowering the temperature of the air-conditioned space. The above-described hot / cold heat storage system that stores cold and warm heat is used. Indoor air conditioner terminals include floor heaters and floor radiators as heating devices, and wall panels, wall radiators, and wall fan coil units as cooling devices. In a high-grade system, for example, a floor heater and a wall radiator are separately installed in the same room to perform heating and cooling, respectively. A twentieth aspect of the present invention is a method of utilizing only the dehumidifying effect caused by cooling by coordinating the thermal storage system with the indoor terminal and simultaneously operating cooling and heating to cancel sensible heat.

The twenty-first aspect is a basic technique as to how various heat source media supplied from various energy supply devices are put into the heat exchanger type heat storage system of the present invention. In other words, when heat storage is difficult, such as when the temperature of the various heat source media to be supplied is lower than the melting temperature of the latent heat storage material of the target heat storage tank, a technology for supplying heat by selecting from the following three heat supply sources is presented. ing. One of them is another heat storage tank using a latent heat storage material having a low melting temperature, for example, about 30 ° C., and a method in which the heat stored once is again pumped up by a heat pump is adopted. The second method is a method in which the heat pump unit connected to the target heat storage tank is directly supplied to the evaporator of the refrigeration cycle as an operating heat source. The third method is to use tap water supplied for hot water supply as a preheating heat quantity. The system is configured so that any one of the methods can be adopted, and the heat can always be used even if the temperature of the heat source medium changes. In order to realize this method, the heat exchanger type heat storage system of the present invention which can introduce and process various kinds of heat source media is effective.

Claim 22 relates to a technique for improving performance by devising a way of preheating tap water related to one of the above three methods. A method is adopted in which the tap water is preheated using a heat pump unit of an atmospheric heat source before being heated using the heat stored in the heat storage tank. When preheating the low-temperature tap water, the condensing temperature of the refrigeration cycle of the heat pump unit is low, so that the operating energy characteristic of the heat pump unit expressed as COP has a high value. On the other hand, from the user's point of view, how much heat is stored and remains in the heat storage tank, from heat pump operation using midnight power to the next heat storage operation by exhaust heat of solar cogeneration equipment etc. In the meantime, it is important whether or not it can be covered with the current heat storage capacity. It is necessary to determine the preheating operation level by paying attention to this point.

Therefore, when preheating operation is performed using a heat pump unit, the control characteristics are used to select three types of heat storage, not weak preheating, strong preheating, and preheating. In this way, unnecessary preheating operation is reduced as much as possible to reduce the amount of power consumed to operate the heat pump unit during preheating. The remaining amount of heat storage can be determined by measuring the temperature of several locations of the heat storage material with accuracy over time, but can also be obtained by integrating the time and other history data used for the heat storage material. Usually, a method of determining by summing both data is often employed.

The twenty-third aspect is an invention of a configuration for specifically preheating tap water in the heat exchanger type heat storage system of the present invention. A preheating heat exchanger for transferring heat between the two media is installed in a space above the heat medium heat exchanger and the heat storage material in the heat storage container. This heat exchanger may be a double pipe, or two pipes joined by brazing on the side. Usually, heat is stored in the heat storage material using the output heat of the atmospheric heat source heat pump operation by midnight power and the output heat of the solar cogeneration system. It is presented in claim 13 that the heat is used to heat the tap water to supply hot water. In order to extend the amount of heat stored in the heat storage material during this operation, it is necessary to use a heat pump operation method with high-cost electric power in the daytime, so the electricity cost for the additional heat storage becomes high. Therefore, a method for reducing the power consumption by lowering the condensation temperature of the refrigeration cycle during the heat pump operation using this high power is presented. For this purpose, when the hot water supply operation is performed using tap water having a low temperature of about 20 ° C., the heat pump operation output refrigerant at an intermediate temperature in the preheating heat exchanger is used as a preheating operation before the tap water is fully heated with the heat storage material. And heat exchange.

According to the present invention, the preheating heat exchanger and the heat medium heat exchanger are provided in the vicinity and connected by a pipe line, and since the refrigeration cycle refrigerant of the heat pump unit is in a heating operation, it passes through the heat medium heat exchanger. In this invention, the pipe is set so as to communicate with the preheating heat exchanger, and the tap water communicates with the heat medium heat exchanger via the preheating heat exchanger. This pipe configuration is simple, and of course, a valve used for switching the pipe is not necessary. Since the tap water is stopped during the heat storage operation, the heat pump refrigerant heats the heat medium heat exchanger to store heat in the heat storage material. When hot water is heated only by the amount of stored heat, the heat pump is stopped and the tap water is heated by the heat storage material. When preheating tap water with a heat pump during hot water supply, the condensing temperature of the heat pump output refrigerant is adjusted to a condensing temperature of, for example, about 35 ° C. for communication.

As a result, the discharge gas of the heat pump is output at about 50 to 60 ° C., and first enters the heat medium heat exchanger to dissipate a small amount of heat and is cooled to near the heat storage temperature of about 50 ° C., and then to the preheating heat exchanger. The tap water is preheated while condensing at 35 ° C., and the tap water is preheated to close to 35 ° C., then enters the heat medium heat exchanger, is heated to near 50 ° C., which is the heat storage temperature, and is output as hot water supply water. As a result, since the refrigeration cycle condensation temperature of the heat pump is low, the compressor power consumption is reduced to about half of that during full operation. The adjustment of the preheating heat amount and the condensation temperature is mainly performed by adjusting the compressor speed of the refrigeration cycle and the refrigerant throttle valve.

As described above, the heat exchanger type heat storage system is identified with the goal of establishing a wide range of consumer systems that can store and use effectively the low-density energy that is difficult to use and properly extract it. We think that we have been able to present solutions for many technical items that are necessary for use in Japan. Specifically, these technologies can be expected to have many direct effects and derivative effects for solving the following first problems. As a first problem, with regard to downsizing of the heat storage tank, for example, tap water for hot water supply with water pressure is stored by using the technology presented in claims 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. It is calculated that a volume of 50% or less is possible compared with The main factors are 30% of the effect of using a latent heat storage material and the filling rate of 90%, 18% of the effect of making the heat storage container into a thin cube, 8% of the effect of adopting the vacuum insulation material, and 10% of other effects. It is estimated. The main goal of eliminating local installation space constraints was almost achieved. Regarding the heat loss reduction from the heat storage tank, which is the second problem, the effect of reducing the surface area is 30% by half the volume of the heat storage tank itself, and the effect of reducing the heat storage temperature by 30 ° C. as presented in claim 5 is 40. % And the effect of the vacuum heat insulating material is expected to be a heat loss reduction effect of about 5% to 8% and a total of about 60% or more.

With regard to the goal of suppressing the use of the third heat transfer medium, especially the water delivery pump, we have achieved sufficient results because we were able to configure various systems that fully utilize the heat pump refrigeration cycle.
The fourth problem is that the technology shown in claims 3, 13, 15, 17, 18, 21, and 24 has a very wide range and high degree of freedom. It is thought that it was realized.

Regarding the improvement of the system energy efficiency which was the fifth target, the effect of the heat medium heat exchanger shown in claims 1 to 4, and the technology presented in claims 13, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23 and 24 For example, the realization of the solar cogeneration apparatus presented in claim 17 takes out the natural energy of sunlight as a hybrid of power generation and heat, so that the solar energy recovery rate is 30 Achieve breakthrough results that exceed 50%. Regarding the 6th and 7th goals, ensuring the system reliability and achieving sufficient cost reduction, the contents of the technical items shown in all claims greatly contribute to the establishment of a simple system with few parts as a whole. I think I was able to present it in half.

The overall goal is `` standardized, such as late-night power supplied at a reasonable price only in the middle of the night, solar power and solar heat supplied only in the daytime in fine weather, and exhaust heat from various cogeneration systems mainly composed of regional power generation. Presenting various core technologies necessary to achieve the goal of “establishing a wide range of consumer systems that can store and appropriately use low-density energy that is difficult to use because it is difficult to use” In particular, we have identified a core system called a heat exchanger type heat storage system for practical use of the system, and have clarified many technical fields regarding its application methods.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 shows a heat medium heat exchanger 21 for hot water supply used in a heat exchanger type heat storage system for heating tap water to supply hot water. An aluminum flat multi-hole pipe 1 having twenty holes 4 used for a circulation pipe has a four-hole circulation pipe as a heat output medium as indicated by arrows 6. As shown by the arrow 5, propane gas, which is a refrigeration cycle refrigerant of the heat pump unit, flows through another circulation line composed of the other three holes as indicated by the arrow 5. The remaining 13 holes are 6 holes at both ends of the multi-hole pipe, and one hole is placed in the center, which is not used for the circulation pipe, but secures an expanded area for heat transfer with the heat storage material. is doing. A flat multi-hole pipe 1 and a circulation pipe connection pipe 3 having different cross-sectional shapes are connected by brazing and joining with an aluminum circulation pipe connection pipe flare 2. The heat exchanger and the paraffin which is a latent heat storage material are accommodated to constitute a heat exchanger type heat storage system 16. Although not shown here, there is a cross piping layout method in which the hole configuration of the circulation pipe is arranged every other hole in order to improve the heat transfer characteristics between propane gas and tap water. In this case, the shape of the circulation pipe connecting pipe flare 2 and the like is complicated and becomes a multi-branch pipe, which increases the possibility of cost increase and brazing leakage failure.

As indicated by arrows 5 and 6, both media are allowed to flow in an alternating current, and the refrigeration cycle refrigerant can take a lot of superheat at the outlet to facilitate cycle control.
Since both media flow together in one flat multi-hole tube 1, heat transfer between them is excellent, and the outer surface of the flat multi-hole tube has a large area. The heat transfer characteristics between the latent heat storage material 7 installed adjacent to the outside of the medium and both media are also excellent. The thickness of the flat multi-hole tube is made as thin as possible to make it easy to be meandered, and the volume of the heat storage material in the heat storage container is set to 90% or more by increasing the storage capacity of the latent heat storage material 7 ing. Therefore, the flat plate thickness of the flat tube is 7 mm, the meandering pitch 18 for setting the volume ratio to 90% is 73 mm, and the thickness of the heat storage material block inserted therein is 64 mm. The 64 mm dimension is close to the maximum dimension in view of the internal heat transfer characteristics of the heat storage material. If it is thicker than this, the time constant until the central portion of the heat storage material block participates in heat storage and heat dissipation becomes large and waste due to heat transfer resistance must be avoided.

The hole pitch dimension 19 of the flat multi-hole tube is 10 mm, and the external width dimension of the flat multi-hole pipe is 200 mm because of 20 holes. As shown in claim 6, the internal dimensions in the depth direction of the heat storage containers 20 are 400 mm, which is twice 200 mm when the two rows are arranged, plus 405 mm with a gap of 5 mm. Of course, in this case, the two rows may be integrally formed of an aluminum extruded flat multi-hole tube, but in that case, it becomes a 40-hole flat tube, and only 7 holes in the center or 14 holes are used for reciprocation. Or a pair of adjacent seven holes may be configured as a pair of circulation lines, and four pairs of circulation lines may be formed at alternate positions in 28 holes out of 40 holes. Assuming that corrosive tap water and the like are connected to the inside of the flat multi-hole pipe 1 and the connecting pipe 3, aluminum alloy component adjustment, oxide film treatment, plating treatment, etc. are performed as necessary to prevent corrosion. It has been given. There is also a method of inserting a copper pipe to further improve the material reliability. However, in the case of ordinary tap water, if the flow rate is suppressed, it is possible to omit the surface treatment only by using a highly corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy or the like.

FIG. 2 shows a heat medium heat exchanger using a flat multi-hole pipe having a larger number of holes than that of FIG. 1 and having a large number of medium circulation lines. As in the case of FIG. 1, an extruded product of aluminum is used, but as described above, it may be a roll bond or may be an aluminum flat plate that is brazed and brazed. , Aluminum extruded multi-hole tube with stable manufacturing quality is used. The medium communicated with the heat exchanger of FIG. 2 is, for example, a refrigeration cycle refrigerant of a heat pump unit or an antifreeze liquid that transports exhaust heat of a cogeneration device as a heat source medium, and tap water for hot water supply or air conditioning as a heat output medium. There are anti-freezing liquid or carbon dioxide, which is a hot / cold heat medium for heating, and heat pump refrigerant that uses hot water or heat storage of a reheating additional cooking bath as a heat source.

Many other types of heat medium can be communicated, but the figure is not shown here. The five circulation pipes are alternately arranged next to each other so that heat transfer between the heat source medium and the heat output medium can be efficiently performed. This heat exchanger is entirely formed in a meandering shape, and when the width of the flat multi-hole tube is 200 mm, the heat storage containers having a depth of 400 mm are arranged in two rows in the depth direction. Of course, in the case of a flat multi-hole pipe having a width of 400 mm, it may be arranged in one row. In this case, the five circulation pipes are arranged by selecting an appropriate hole position and the number of holes. Needless to say, the multi-hole tube made of aluminum is optimally set by adjusting the material, dimensions, wall thickness, detail shape, etc. according to the working pressure, flow velocity, working temperature, fluid component, etc. of the medium.

A heat storage system using such a heat medium heat exchanger 21 is the heat exchanger type heat storage system 16 of the present invention, and an example thereof is shown in FIG. FIG. 3 shows only the heat storage container 20 and its main part, omitting the heat storage tank housing, the heat insulating panel and other small auxiliary parts. This is an example of a domestic hot water supply system using a single heat source medium using a heat pump unit. In the case of putting the heat storage material block from the front, the internal dimensions of the heat storage container are 600 mm wide, 405 mm deep, and 1700 mm high made of polypropylene resin. It attaches to the container main body 10 as follows. Although not shown in the drawings, a vacuum heat insulation panel and an iron plate casing are assembled on the outside so as to wrap the container 20, and the casing is configured to hold the entire heat storage tank.

The heat medium heat exchanger 21 shown in FIG. 1 and having a depth of 400 mm is used and is installed and fixed in a heat storage container as shown in the figure. The four circulation pipe connection pipes communicate with the container from the upper part of the container 21 in a sealed state. After the heat medium heat exchanger is installed, the latent heat storage material block 7 placed in a thin polypropylene resin container is inserted into the space and installed, and when this is completed, the container front surface 12 is fixed to the container body by screws. Thereafter, water is injected from the portion of the pressure equalizing film 11 as a filling liquid 8 to a position covering the heat storage material as shown in the figure, and the pressure equalizing film is covered and sealed. Needless to say, antifreeze is used instead of water in cold regions. As the latent heat storage material, 24-paraffin or sodium acetate is used, and the average temperature of the heat storage material is maintained at about 50 ° C. while repeating the phase change. Since paraffin is lighter than water and sodium acetate is heavier than water, there is a tendency to float or sink with respect to the filling liquid. Therefore, stoppers for preventing movement of the heat storage material block are used in various places. Care must be taken in the method in which the heat storage material block is inserted from above because the direction of the heat medium heat exchanger changes.

The heat source medium is a high-pressure propane refrigerant having a condensing temperature of 55 ° C. from the heat pump unit and communicated as shown in FIG. 5, and is cooled and condensed in the circulation line 17 of the heat source medium heat exchanger 21. And flows out of the heat storage container 20 to the outside. The condensation heat is transferred from the outer surface of the heat source medium heat exchanger 21 through the water of the filling liquid 8 to the heat storage material paraffin having a melting temperature in the latent heat storage material block 7 of 50 ° C., and is melted to store the heat. On the other hand, when hot water is supplied, tap water, which is a heat output medium, is communicated with the heat output medium circulation pipe 17, receives heat from paraffin, which is a heat storage material, solidifies it, and is supplied as hot water at about 45 ° C. In addition, when the amount of heat stored using the electric power of the previous night is reduced due to excessive use of hot water supply, hot water can be supplied by heating the tap water directly through the heat medium heat exchanger with a high-temperature propane refrigerant by heat pump operation. In this system, propane refrigerant is fed by a compressor, and tap water is pushed out by tap water pressure, so there is no need for a pump or the like for communicating the medium.

The average daily hot water load in a home is estimated at about 22,000 kilocalories. Whether the heat is stored with hot water at 80 ° C. or the heat is stored at 50 ° C. with a latent heat storage material of paraffin or sodium acetate, the net volume of the heat storage material is calculated to be about 400 liters (L). In hot water heat storage, heat loss from hot water at 80 ° C is large, so the insulation becomes thick, and a cylindrical pressure tank with water pressure must be used as the heat storage container. It is normal to increase to about 1000L or more. On the other hand, it is proved that the heat exchanger type heat storage tank of the present invention requires 500 L or less including the effect of the vacuum stage heat panel, that is, its volume ratio is about 1/2.

Since the entire heat storage device weighs nearly 500 kilograms, it is difficult to carry it into the site as a whole. As described above, the heat storage material is divided into blocks to be carried and assembled on site. The pressure equalizing film 11 is fixed and attached to the container body 10 in a form in which a film is stretched on a window frame, and has a flexible resin or rubber film having a flexible shape. Even when the inside of the container expands or contracts due to the phase change of the heat storage material, the whole temperature change, etc., the internal pressure is maintained at substantially atmospheric pressure while maintaining the sealing performance inside the container, and the internal member, especially the filling liquid evaporates. It is also prevented from dissipating into the atmosphere.

When the phase of the heat storage material changes, the volume of the heat storage material expands and contracts, which may break the surrounding structure. For this reason, the method of melt | dissolving a thermal storage material, pouring in a thermal storage container, and solidifying cannot be employ | adopted. Therefore, the heat storage material is dispersed in a block shape, placed in a small container, inserted into the gap of the heat medium heat exchanger 21, and the resulting gap is filled with the filling liquid 8 to promote heat transfer and absorb phase change strain. . The heat storage container 20 is not a hard resin container as described above, but may be a bag made of a thin resin film. In other words, the bag-like container is set on the bottom plate of the housing, and the operation is performed in a state where the front portion is removed and the front surface is opened. When the heat medium heat exchanger 21 and the heat storage material block 7 are installed, the front portion of the heat medium is lifted up to form a bag with an open top, and after filling liquid is filled, the open portion of the entire film at the top of the bag is 2 The open portion is hermetically sealed by being sandwiched and tightened by a plate-shaped iron plate top plate. When the upper part is an opening, the work contents are similar. The pressure equalizing film is provided on the top plate.

This bag-shaped container method is completed in a bag shape at the factory and is carried in. Therefore, it is more reliable than the above-mentioned hard resin container by screwing the hard resin container on-site to complete sealing and sealing. And the cost is reduced. As described above, the filling liquid not only promotes heat transfer, but also absorbs the phase change distortion of the latent heat storage material to prevent the heat medium heat exchanger and the heat storage container from being damaged or swelled and deformed.

This heat exchanger type heat storage system has a basic structure that improves the reliability and quality of the entire system, such as a uniform structure that is almost equal to atmospheric pressure, reduced thermal distortion, and reduced fluctuations in operating temperature. Incorporating measures, the heat storage tank itself can be made compact, so heat loss from the surface can be reduced, various heat transfer media can be freely introduced, and heat exchange can be performed simultaneously with heat storage. Although there are many basic structural advantages, FIG. 4 illustrates further system advantages.

The heat exchanger type heat storage system shown in FIG. 3 can also be used effectively as a supplement device that contributes to energy-saving operation of the air conditioner. It is an embodiment of the invention presented in claim 24. This effect has already been explained in detail. A high-pressure refrigerant during cooling operation is communicated as a heat source medium, and tap water supplied to and consumed by the entire building is communicated as a heat output medium, and a latent heat storage temperature of 30 ° C., which is at least about 5 ° C. higher than the mid-summer tap water temperature. Set up a heat exchanger type heat storage system for wood. Before the tap water is used in the building for toilets, washrooms, water supply, etc., it is communicated with this heat storage system to cool and solidify the latent heat storage material and store 30 ° C. cold. On the other hand, the cooling heat pump unit cools the building and radiates the exhaust heat to the cold heat. In this case, as described above, the performance is improved by about 30% as compared with the normal cooling operation that radiates heat to the atmosphere.

However, in practice, there are few cases where the amount of tap water used in the building is so large that it cools down the total exhaust heat amount of the cooling operation in midsummer. For this reason, in practice, a method is used in which the heat medium is used in combination with normal heat radiation and communicated with the heat medium circulation pipe downstream of the atmospheric heat exchanger. The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant is first cooled to the atmosphere and further cooled by the heat storage material cooled by the tap water as described above, and the condensation temperature is lowered and the undercool is increased. Even in this case, a performance improvement of 20% or more can be obtained. This product system has not yet been put into practical use. The reason can be said that the heat exchanger type heat storage system of the present invention has not been put into practical use. The expected market size is large, and the society as a whole has high expectations for reducing power consumption in the summertime and alleviating peak power consumption. As a further application example of the heat exchanger type heat storage system shown in FIG. 3, the used bath hot water is connected to the heat source medium circulation pipe and the tap water is communicated to the heat output medium circulation pipe, and used bath hot water is retained. It is effective as an apparatus for a method of reusing heat quantity. As a result, even in midwinter, the next day's water supply can use new tap water exceeding 20 ° C.

  Fig. 4 shows an excellent next-generation life that can be widely used in buildings and facilities by using solar cogeneration equipment as the main energy source, realizing hot water supply and air conditioning by effectively using the heat exchanger type heat storage system of the present invention. Present the line system. The entire system was named a solar hot water supply air conditioning system using a heat exchanger type heat storage system. Reference numeral 100 denotes a heat storage tank, which is a central device of the system, and includes a heat storage tank 101 and a cold storage tank 102. The heat pump unit 103 supplies the main heat source, and includes a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the atmosphere, an outdoor fan, a four-way switching valve that switches the flow of cooling and heating refrigerant, and the like, It consists of an inverter power supply device that controls and supplies the frequency and voltage for driving the compressor, and its working medium is naturally a natural refrigerant and propane is used. The refrigeration cycle is through the solar heat receiving substrate heat sink 107 and the solar refrigeration cycle line 108 outside the unit, and the heat medium heat exchanger, the cold storage heat storage refrigeration cycle line 110 and the thermal storage refrigeration cycle in the heat storage tank. The whole refrigeration cycle system is configured by being connected through a pipe 109.

The solar cogeneration apparatus 123 includes a light receiving surface 104 made of a photovoltaic power generation cell that receives sunlight 105, an electric insulating layer for supporting the light receiving surface 104, and a heat receiving substrate 106 made of an aluminum substrate. A heat receiving substrate heat sink 107 for receiving heat from the substrate and cooling the substrate is formed at the end of the heat receiving substrate 106. The heat receiving substrate heat sink 107 is formed by folding the end surface of the aluminum heat receiving substrate 106 having a thickness of 1.2 mm and sandwiching and tightening the solar refrigeration cycle pipe 108 inside the heat receiving substrate 106 and the solar refrigeration cycle pipe. It is comprised so that it can heat-transfer between 108 favorably. The solar refrigeration cycle pipe 108 is a continuous copper pipe, and after the solar cogeneration apparatus is installed on the roof or the like, the solar refrigeration cycle pipe 108 is routed in accordance with the position of the heat receiving substrate 106 provided for each module of the apparatus. The substrate 106 is clamped to the substrate heat sink 107 at the end of the substrate 106 to receive heat while cooling the light receiving surface 104 through the solar heat receiving substrate 106 of all the power generation modules, or conversely, heat is applied to heat the light receiving surface. can do.

The electric power generated by the power generation cell on the solar light receiving surface 104 is adjusted in voltage and frequency by the solar power generation power controller 112 and is reversely flowed to the commercial power supply line 113 or used as a power source for the heat pump 103. When power to the heat pump 103 is insufficient, power is supplied from the commercial power supply line 113 through the system linkage power supply line 114. The other actual power exchanges are omitted here and will not be discussed.
There are the following modes for operating the heat pump unit 103, which is a heat source power unit, to output heat. First, in the first mode, heat is obtained while accumulating cold energy in the cold energy storage tank 102 and heat is accumulated in the heat energy storage tank 101. The second mode is a mode in which heat is stored for hot water supply and heating in winter in a mode in which heat is obtained from the heat receiving substrate heat sink 107 and stored in the thermal heat storage tank 101, and in some cases also in the cold heat storage tank 102.

Part 3 is a mode in which part 1 and part 2 are added, and heat is obtained from both the heat sink 107 for receiving heat and the cold storage tank, cools them, stores the heat in the thermal storage tank, and cools in the summer. This mode corresponds to when there is demand for hot water. The fourth mode is a mode in which heat is obtained from the outdoor air by an outdoor heat exchanger, and the heat is stored in the heat storage tank 101 and the cold storage tank 102, and hot water is supplied and heated when it is raining or cloudy. The fifth mode is a mode in which the cold heat storage tank is cooled and radiated to the outdoor air, and is operated when the hot water supply load is small in summer. The sixth mode is a mode in which heat is obtained from outdoor air, the substrate heat sink 107 for receiving heat is heated by the heat, and the sunlight receiving surface 104 is heated to melt the accumulated snow.

The purpose of No. 7 is to melt the snow by heating the heat sink substrate heat sink 107, but the heat of the thermal heat storage tank 102 is used when the snow melting does not proceed due to a large amount of snow or a low outside air temperature. It is a mode to do. Part 8 is a mode in which the cold heat storage tank is heated by absorbing heat from outdoor air, and the cold heat storage tank is preheated to about 30 ° C. As the ninth mode, a mode in which the heat is further pumped and stored in the thermal heat storage tank is subsequently operated, and additional heating is performed in the ninth mode according to the amount of heat used for hot water supply and heating. No. 10 is preheated to about 30 ° C in a cold heat storage tank with hot water stored in the state of heat storage as in No. 8, and further heated to about 45 ° C by communicating with the hot heat storage tank 102 to supply hot water. The heat pump operation No. 8 has a high operation energy efficiency because the condensation temperature can be lowered, and is a mode that is selected when using expensive electric power in the daytime.

In the operation mode of the heat pump unit as described above, the hot / cold heat stored in the hot heat storage tank 101 and the cold heat storage tank 102 is transferred to the heat output medium passing through the heat output medium circulation line of the heat medium heat exchanger as follows. Tell. Hot water supply tap water and heating / air-conditioning carbon dioxide gas are communicated with the thermal heat storage tank 101, and hot water supply tap water and cooling / air-conditioning carbon dioxide gas are communicated with the cold / heat storage tank 102. Although not shown, the carbon dioxide gas is operated by two electric pumps and passes through the air conditioning medium line 118 for heating and cooling to the indoor unit 119, the air conditioning wall panel 120, the floor heating panel 120, etc. which are each indoor unit terminal. It is communicated, and then heating or cooling is performed to return to the original state.
Which indoor unit terminal is selected at that time is automatically determined by the system control or selected by the user.

Carbon dioxide gas has the advantage that the operating volume flow is small and the performance can be secured, but since the operating temperature is around 50 ° C during heating, heat is transferred without phase change in a supercritical fluid state where the critical point temperature exceeds 31 ° C. Therefore, there is a cost increase factor and other problems such as a temperature difference in the gas itself due to heat exchange, a high pressure of about 100 atm, and a need for a special pump for supercritical fluid. Therefore, an emulsion in which a microcapsule in which a latent heat storage material is sealed in an antifreeze solution is mixed has been studied. Which medium is appropriate is judged after comprehensive consideration including the reliability, cost, power consumption, etc. of the working pump.

In many cases, two indoor unit terminals are used for the same indoor space for the purpose of reducing the indoor temperature distribution, reducing drafts, and reducing operating noise. In this case, one side is set to heating and the other side is set to cooling. As a result, it is possible to perform an operation effective only for dehumidification without changing the temperature of the entire room. On the other hand, hot water for hot water supply is conveyed to each hot water supply terminal through the hot water supply line 117. At this time, the tap water path may be only the thermal heat storage tank 101 as described above, but may be communicated with the thermal heat storage tank 101 once through the cold heat storage tank 102 stored as hot water as preheating. .
In this case, the heat output medium circulation pipes of the heat medium heat exchangers in both the heat storage tanks communicate the hot water supply tap water and the air conditioning medium. Furthermore, a third heat output medium circulation pipe may be used for additional cooking for a bath. On the other hand, in addition to the heat pump refrigerant described above, other heat source media such as a gas cogeneration exhaust heat medium communicate with the heat source medium circulation pipe and may be selectively operated.

The above system effectively uses the electric power and heat output from the solar cogeneration device 123. In some cases, the electric power is reversely flowed to the commercial power line 113, and in other cases, the heat pump unit receives electric power from the commercial electric power line. Is activated. Heat output from the solar cogeneration device 123 is stored in the heat storage tank 100 through the heat pump unit 103 and used for heating and hot water supply. When the heat source is insufficient, the heat pump unit operates with an atmospheric heat source to compensate for the shortage of stored heat. In response to this, the heat storage tank 120 can realize an extremely flexible heat storage system that accepts heat on an occasional basis and outputs it to many targets on an occasional basis, and its core technology is the heat medium heat exchange incorporated therein. It is known that it is a vessel.

FIG. 5 shows a heat exchanger type heat storage system with a preheating heat exchanger used in a technique capable of dramatically improving the performance of a hot water supply system or reducing the capacity of a heat storage tank. The configuration of each part is almost the same system as in FIG. The difference is that the preheating heat exchanger 13 is provided in the upper space 9 of the heat storage container 20. This is for exchanging heat between the tap water and the refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle of the heat pump unit, and may be a double pipe or a structure in which two pipes are brazed. When the heat pump unit is operated at midnight power the night before and it is estimated that the next day will consume a large amount of hot water, the heat pump unit is operated using daytime power and the heat exchanger for preheating is used. It preheats tap water.

As a result, the amount of heat stored in the heat storage tank is reduced by the amount preheated, which lasts longer. On the other hand, heat is dissipated to low-temperature tap water of 25 ° C or less, so the condensation temperature of the refrigeration cycle of the heat pump unit is lowered, the power consumption of the compressor is reduced, the electricity bill is reduced by energy-saving operation, and the carbon dioxide gas of global warming Occurrence is also suppressed. Considering this effect from the beginning, the capacity of the heat storage material of the heat storage tank can be set to be small. That is, in the case of the example presented earlier, in a system for home use that requires a 400 L heat storage tank, even if it is reduced to 300 L based on this effect, the heat storage effect equivalent to that provided by providing this preheating heat exchanger 13 Can be obtained.

For example, when the tap water supply temperature is 20 ° C., the heat storage temperature is 50 ° C., the heat storage capacity is 400 L, and the hot water supply temperature is 48 ° C. Since the temperature difference that must be heated with the material is reduced from 28 ° C. to 18 ° C., the capacity that the actual heat storage tank can use for hot water supply increases by that ratio to 622 L, which is 1.55 times more effective.

Actually, the space for the preheating heat exchanger 13 is necessary and its effect is diminished, but the effect of about 1.3 times can be obtained even in consideration thereof. The effect of this preheating cannot be obtained by a current system that is not a heat exchanger type heat storage system using a latent heat storage material. Therefore, since the effect of the increase in the heat storage capacity according to the present invention with respect to the previously calculated hot water heat storage is about 2.0 times, it is 2.6 times in combination with this 1.3 times. That is, in the latent heat storage system with hot water heat storage accompanied by tap water preheating according to the present invention, the heat storage tank volume can be reduced to 1/2.
In the heat storage container 20 shown in FIG. 5, the container front surface 12 is an upper half. Although it is superior to FIG. 3 in terms of the watertight sealability and strength of the container, the insertability of the latent heat storage block 7 is inferior. Insertion work is possible in view of the height of the latent heat storage material block, and this method seems to be the most practical. In the case of a small capsule-type latent heat storage material, it is considered that a method in which only the upper surface opens is sufficient. In FIG. 5, the container front surface 10 is half from the middle part to the upper part, and the latent heat storage block is inserted after being lifted up to this part.

The contents presented in claims 22 and 23 in relation to FIG. 5 will be described in detail. Since the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle of the heat pump unit is communicated from the heat medium heat exchanger to the preheating heat exchanger, the operation capacity of the heat pump at this time is increased, that is, the rotation speed of the compressor is increased. When supplying the heat source medium with sufficiently high pressure and temperature, the refrigeration cycle refrigerant of the heat pump unit has a discharge gas temperature of about 100 ° C., and first dissipates heat in the heat medium heat exchanger to become a condensed refrigerant of about 55 ° C. Most of the liquid is liquefied and then flows to the preheating heat exchanger, where the tap water is completely liquefied while preheating and further undercooling occurs. This refrigeration cycle is operated with high efficiency due to the fact that the condensation temperature is slightly lowered and undercooling can be taken. For example, this operation is selected as emergency evacuation when hot water is used excessively for heating or hot water supply.

On the other hand, when operating with the heat pump capacity suppressed, the discharge gas temperature is set to about 60 ° C. and the condensation temperature is set to 40 ° C. or less. Therefore, it hardly exchanges heat with the heat storage material stored in the heat storage container at 50 ° C. It is sent to a preheating heat exchanger at a temperature of about 50 ° C. and cooled to tap water. This is the details of the tap water preheating operation already described. Although there is still room in the amount of heat stored in the heat storage tank, this operation is selected when a shortage is expected during the day.

Further, other practically excellent techniques will be described. In other words, it can be regarded as a system in which the hot and cold simultaneous output described in claim 18 and the preheating of tap water in claim 23 are combined. The tap water preheating operation is mostly performed during the day or evening when hot water is used. Therefore, there are many cases where the cooling operation is performed during the summer time. Therefore, the heat pump operation performed during the preheating operation is combined with the cooling heat storage or the cooling operation itself instead of the atmospheric heat source, and the cooling and hot water preheating are integrated. The refrigeration cycle at that time is used in the system of FIG. 4 and the evaporator is a heat medium heat exchanger of the cold heat storage tank 102, or a cooling device that directly cools indoor air cooled by the evaporator. Or

By realizing this method, the high-pressure and high-temperature output refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle operated by the heat pump is used for preheating tap water, so that it is controlled to a relatively low pressure and temperature, while the low-pressure and low-temperature output refrigerant of this refrigeration cycle is used for cooling. As a whole, it is possible to realize an extremely efficient and effective operation mode in which the output is used in an actual use state, in which both the hot and cold heat output in the highly efficient refrigeration cycle having a low condensation temperature is effectively used.

Heat exchanger for hot water supply Pipe entry / exit part of heat exchanger for multi-circulation pipe heat medium Heat exchanger type heat storage system for hot water supply Solar air conditioning hot water supply system using heat storage system Tap water preheating heat exchanger type heat storage system

Explanation of symbols

1 Flat multi-hole tube
2 Circulating line connecting pipe flare 3 Circulating line connecting pipe 4 Circulating line hole 5 Heat source medium flow path direction 6 Heat output medium flow path direction 7 Latent heat storage material block 8 Filling liquid 9 Upper space 10 Container body 11 Pressure equalizing film DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 12 Container front surface 13 Preheating heat exchanger 15 Outdoor air 16 Heat exchanger type heat storage system 17 Heat medium circulation line 18 Meander pitch 19 Hole pitch 20 Heat storage container 21 Heat medium heat exchanger 100 Heat storage tank 101 Thermal storage tank 102 Cold storage Tank 103 Heat pump unit 104 Solar light receiving surface 105 Solar light 106 Solar heat receiving substrate 107 Heat receiving substrate heat sink 108 Solar refrigeration cycle conduit 109 Thermal storage refrigeration cycle conduit 110 Cold thermal storage refrigeration cycle conduit 111 Solar power generation lead 112 Solar power controller 113 Commercial power line 114 Power supply line 115 Power supply line for heat pump 115 Down 116 tap water supply line 117 hot water supply line 118 conditioned medium line 119 the air conditioning indoor unit 120 the air conditioner wall panel 121 Floor heating panel 122 preheater heat exchanger with a heat exchanger heat-utilization system 123 solar cogeneration Ray Deployment device

Claims (24)

The heat source medium circulation pipe that communicates the heat source medium from the outside of the heat storage tank and the heat output medium circulation pipe that communicates the heat output medium toward the outside of the heat storage tank are assembled in an integrated structure. By installing a heat storage material made of metal and a heat storage material adjacent to the outer surface of the heat medium heat exchanger, heat can be exchanged between the heat source medium and the heat output medium, and both mediums can heat the heat medium heat. The heat storage material is configured to be able to transfer heat through the outer surface of the entire exchanger, and is housed in a heat storage container in which the inside is maintained at a pressure close to or equal to atmospheric pressure to form the heat storage tank, and the heat source medium From the outside of the heat storage tank to release heat or cold to store or cool the heat storage tank, and to connect or heat the heat output medium from the outside to heat or cool the heat storage medium by the heat storage tank. It is characterized by outputting to the outside of Exchanger type thermal storage system. A plurality or a plurality of circulation lines for the heat source medium circulation line and the heat output medium circulation line, and the outer surfaces of the circulation lines are connected in a good heat transfer state, and the outside of both The heat exchanger mold according to claim 1, wherein a heat exchanger configured by integrating or combining aluminum parts for increasing the surface area is used as the heat medium heat exchanger. Thermal storage system. The heat medium heat exchanger has two or more heat source medium circulation lines or heat output medium circulation lines, and two or more types of the heat source medium or the heat output medium are communicated with each other. The heat exchanger type heat storage system according to any one of claims 1 and 2. Assembling or forming a plurality of circulation pipes on a long flat plate in the same direction as the pipes or in a flat plate, or as many parallel holes as the number of the circulation pipes A heat exchanger formed of a flat and long extruded multi-hole aluminum tube made of aluminum and formed by bending the whole in a long direction or folding it in a meandering manner, The heat exchanger type heat storage system according to any one of claims 1, 2, and 3, wherein the heat exchanger type heat storage system is used as an exchanger. To set the heat storage temperature in the case of thermal heat storage to 60 ° C. or less and the heat storage temperature in the case of cold heat storage to 5 ° C. or more, and to use the latent heat of fusion when the phase changes between solid and liquid as the heat storage material Use a latent heat storage material having a melting temperature between 5 ° C. and 60 ° C., such as paraffin, polyethylene glycol, or inorganic salt hydrate, and vacuum as a heat insulating material to be installed on the outer periphery of the container or the inner surface of the housing for housing the container The heat exchanger type heat storage system according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, and 4, wherein an insulating panel is used. The container has a cubic shape, and the width dimension of the long flat plate of the heat transfer medium heat exchanger is matched with the inner dimension in the depth between the front surface and the rear surface of the container or the inner dimension in the vertical direction between the bottom surface and the substantially uppermost surface. A dimension that fits exactly or a plurality of dimensions that fit together, and the width direction of the long plate is matched to the depth direction or the vertical direction of the container, and one or more width dimensions are added. 6. The heat medium heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, wherein the heat medium heat exchanger is installed in the container in a number that fits within the depth dimension or the vertical dimension. The heat exchanger type heat storage system according to item. The container is formed into a bag shape having a wide open top using a deformable film sheet made of a polymer resin material, and is attached to the inner surface of the casing formed of a metal plate or the like for storing a heat storage tank. The heat storage tank is configured by sealing the upper open portion with the heat medium heat exchanger and the heat storage material stored in the bag-like container. The heat exchanger type heat storage system according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. The upper plate or the front plate is formed separately from the main body, and the upper plate or the front plate and the main body are screwed together to remove the whole or all of the container. A tank made of a polymer resin material having a structure that can be attached in a state of being sealed in a watertight manner, and an inner surface of the casing composed of a metal plate or the like, or a foam insulation panel attached to the casing. The heat storage tank is configured to be installed in contact with the inner surface of the vacuum heat insulation panel, and to store the heat medium heat exchanger and the heat storage material in the tank-shaped container. The heat exchanger type heat storage system according to any one of 3, 4, 5, and 6. Latent heat storage material such as 22-26 carbon number paraffin, sodium acetate hydrate, polyethylene glycol, sodium thiosulfate hydrate having melting temperature in the range of 45 ° C-60 ° C is stored in a small bag or small container. A block-like latent heat storage material, and the heat medium heat exchanger is formed in a meandering shape or the like as shown in claim 4 to form a gap communicating in the depth direction or the vertical direction and the inner wall of the container. The heat exchanger type heat storage system according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, wherein the heat exchanger type heat storage system is inserted and installed in a gap. A capsule-like latent heat storage material in which a latent heat storage material is sealed in a large number of block-like latent heat storage materials packed into small bags or small containers using the latent heat storage material as the heat storage material, or a small resin capsule; After the heat medium heat exchanger is stored in the bag-like container or tank-like container in the container, the melting point is much lower than the melting temperature of the latent heat storage material, and the latent heat storage material is melted. The filling liquid having a specific gravity of 70% or more and 130% or less near the melting temperature is filled between the latent heat storage material and the heat medium heat exchanger, and in the container filled with the filling liquid. 10. The air according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, wherein the space is kept at a pressure close to or equal to the outside air to form a sealed structure. The heat exchanger type heat storage system described. The heat-medium heat exchanger and the heat exchanger and the latent heat storage material in the container have a total volume of 82% to 95% with respect to a substantially total volume excluding the upper space of the container. The structure, size, and filling amount of the heat storage material or the latent heat storage material are set, according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 The heat exchanger type heat storage system described. The main body part excluding the upper part and / or the front part of the casing is installed at the installation location, and the container is installed on the bottom plate of the casing with the upper surface and / or the front surface opened, and on the bottom surface of the container The heat medium heat exchanger is mounted on the bag, and after the block-like latent heat storage material or the capsule-like latent heat storage material is incorporated into the gap between the heat medium heat exchanger and the inner wall of the container, the bag-like shape is necessary. The upper edge of the container is lifted up to form a bag-like container or the front part of the tank-like container is assembled to form a container, and the filling liquid shown in claim 10 is filled from the upper part of the container. Then, the container is sealed, and finally the assembly is completed by attaching the remaining housing part such as the front surface part and / or the upper surface part of the heat storage tank housing. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 Assembling method of installation site of the heat storage tank used in the heat exchanger heat-utilization system according to any one. Atmospheric air with built-in compressors that operate using the late-night power and / or the output power of the photovoltaic power generation system and the normal commercial power and the output power of various fuel cogeneration systems. An output refrigerant of a heat pump unit that operates as a heat source communicates with the heat source medium circulation line as the heat source medium to condense and dissipate the heat to store heat in the heat storage material, and the stored heat is transferred to the heat output medium circulation line The connected tap water is heated and the hot water is output as the heat output medium to be used for hot water supply. The heat exchanger type heat storage system as described in any one of 11 above. Atmospheric air with built-in compressors that operate using the late-night power and / or the output power of the photovoltaic power generation system and the normal commercial power and the output power of various fuel cogeneration systems. An output refrigerant of a heat pump unit that operates as a heat source or a heat radiation source is communicated with the heat source medium circulation pipe as the heat source medium to condense heat radiation or evaporative heat reception to cause the heat storage material to store heat heat or cold heat, The stored heat / cool heat heats or cools a heat medium used for air conditioning connected to the heat output medium circulation pipe. , 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, The heat exchanger type heat storage system according to any one of the above. A refrigerant having a global warming potential of 100 or less and having a high refrigeration cycle efficiency is used as a working refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle of the heat pump system, which is a main device for supplying a heat source, and communicates with the heat source medium circulation pipe, and the heat output Unlike the heat pump system refrigerant, a non-flammable and non-toxic heat medium having a global warming potential of 100 or less is used as a heat output medium for air conditioning and air conditioning that communicates with the medium circulation pipe, and at the same time, the heat medium heat exchange The heat source medium circulation pipe and the heat output medium circulation pipe are arranged next to each other in the chamber, and the heat source medium circulation pipe is arranged next to the heat output medium circulation pipe. The heat exchanger type heat storage system according to any one of 14 and 14. The heat source medium as an output of the heat pump unit and a heat source medium which is a thermal output of a solar cogeneration apparatus or a fuel-use cogeneration apparatus, which is an apparatus capable of simultaneously obtaining electric power and heat by sunlight. Therefore, two heat source medium circulation pipes for the respective heat source media are provided in the integrated heat medium heat exchanger. , 9, 10, 11, 12, 15 A heat exchanger type heat storage system according to any one of the above. The heat receiving substrate configured to support the light receiving surface of the solar cogeneration device and receive the heat and the piping of the refrigeration cycle of the heat pump unit are fixed in contact with each other so that heat transfer is performed, Solar heat is received by evaporating the refrigerant in the piping of the refrigeration cycle, and the refrigerant is pumped up by the refrigeration cycle to form a refrigerant having a condensation temperature higher than the melting temperature of the latent heat storage material. The solar heat is stored in the latent heat storage material by communicating with the heat source medium circulation pipe as described in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, The heat exchanger type heat storage system according to any one of 10, 11, 13, and 15. When necessary in winter, the refrigerant control valve is switched using the refrigeration cycle of the heat pump unit, and the refrigerant flow is reversed from that of claim 17 to pump up atmospheric heat or stored in the heat storage tank. Among the methods of pumping heat through the heat source medium circulation pipe, the optimum method is selected and operated according to the operating conditions, and the heat is radiated by the heat receiving substrate in the solar cogeneration device, and the solar cogeneration device 18. The heat exchanger type heat storage according to claim 17, wherein the heat receiving type heat storage system is used as a heat supply system for melting and removing the snow accumulated on the outer surface by heating the light receiving surface and the upper outer surface. system. A heat exchanger type heat storage system having a heat storage tank for storing heat in the latent heat storage material having a melting temperature in the range of 40 ° C. to 60 ° C. through the heat medium heat exchanger, and cooling heat in the heat medium heat exchange Another heat exchanger type heat storage system having a heat storage tank for heat storage and / or cooling for storing heat in the latent heat storage material having a melting temperature in the range of 5 ° C. to 30 ° C. through the heater is refrigeration of the heat pump unit. In a combined system connected in a cycle, the heat according to any one of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 is added to the two heat exchanger type heat storage systems. Heat / cool storage system characterized by adopting an exchanger-type heat storage system and using them to store heat / cool heat and using it separately to output the heat output medium of heat / cool heat separately at any time . The hot and cold heat stored in the hot and cold heat storage system according to claim 19 is simultaneously transported to the same indoor space, and cooling and heating are simultaneously performed by separate indoor heat exchange devices in the space, so that the temperature of the indoor space is significantly changed. The hot / cold heat storage system according to claim 19, which is used for operation characterized in that dehumidification is performed without incident. When the temperature of the supplied heat source medium is higher than the melting temperature of the latent heat storage material by a certain temperature or higher, heat is supplied to the heat exchanger type heat storage system, while when the temperature is not higher than the melting temperature by a certain temperature Is not supplied to the heat exchange type heat storage system, but is stored in another heat exchanger type heat storage system using a latent heat storage material having a lower melting temperature or used as a heat source heat amount for evaporation of the heat pump unit, or It is comprised so that the utilization method of at least any one low temperature heat source can be selected among the things used for preheating of hot water tap water, etc., The 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 characterized by the above-mentioned. , 8, 9, 10, 11, 13 A heat exchanger type heat storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 9. A heat pump in a preheating heat exchanger provided before the tap water for hot water supply as the heat output medium is communicated with the heat output medium circulation pipe of the heat medium heat exchanger and heated by a heat storage material When the tap water is preheated by the output of the unit, when the remaining amount of heat storage in the heat storage tank is sufficient, the condensation temperature of the refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle of the heat pump unit is set low to reduce the preheating heat amount, and the heat storage amount When the remaining amount of heat is low, the setting of the condensing temperature is increased close to the heat storage temperature to increase the amount of preheating heat, and when the remaining amount of heat storage is insufficient, the heat pump unit output is directly connected to the heat medium heat exchanger. 2. The hot water supply operation is performed by radiating heat and heating the tap water, and control is performed so that several preheating operation modes are selectively used depending on the remaining amount of the heat storage amount. Heat exchanger heat-utilization system according to any one of 2,3,4,5,6,9,10,11,13. The preheat heat exchanger is provided in a space where the heat storage material does not exist in the upper part of the heat medium heat exchanger in the heat storage container or in the upper part of the heat storage container in the housing, and tap water for hot water supply is output as the heat. As a medium heat exchanger, the preheat heat exchanger communicates with the heat medium heat exchanger, and the high temperature and high pressure refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle of the heat pump unit for heating is used as the heat source medium from the heat medium heat exchanger to the preheat heat. The tap water can be preheated by communicating with an exchanger, wherein the tap water can be preheated. The heat exchanger type heat storage system according to any one of the above. A latent heat storage material having a melting temperature set to a temperature higher than the temperature of tap water supplied to be used for water supply, toilets, toilets, etc. in the air conditioning season is used as the latent heat storage material, and the tap water is used as the heat output medium. The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant of the refrigeration cycle of the heat pump unit, which is an air conditioner when the cooling heat is stored in the latent heat storage material to be solidified by communicating with the heat output circulation pipe, The heat source medium is communicated with the heat source medium circulation pipe as the heat source medium after being cooled in order to dissipate heat while melting the latent heat storage material. The heat exchanger type heat storage system according to any one of 10, 11, and 12.

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